2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The scientist made significant contributions to the field of (天文学).
2.In ancient times, emperors went to the south through this (/k n l/).
3.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese (文明).
4.The freshman (拒绝考虑) the online investment because there were potential risks.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.In this way we can better apply theory practice to solve the conventional problems.
2.As we all know, the British Empire was its peak in the early 20th century.
3.The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin).
4.I have been in with a fashion and have learnt more news about designer clothes and cosmetics. (correspond)
5.Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of your life. These (expand) into new fields help us by giving us new perspectives.(2021天津3月改编)
6.Built in 1947, the structure (abandon) years ago and the roof of the main building has fallen down.
Ⅲ.选词填空
on top of; correspond to; all the more; fall into ruin
Several years ago, some ancient buildings in the area 1. during the earthquakes. However, they have been rebuilt by the local people in recent years and the new ones 2. the original ones. 3. this, they look 4. magnificent in the new surroundings.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.你最好提前弄清楚什么样的课程适用于你的情况,包括你的优缺点。(apply)
You’d better find out ahead of time what courses , which include your strengths and weaknesses.
2.当他到达终点线时,大家便激动地欢呼起来,尽情地挥舞着双臂。(abandon)
When he reached the finishing line, everyone cheered excitedly and .(读后续写—场景描写)
3.她埋头工作,没留意到外面在下雨。(一句多译:bury)
①She her work, and didn’t notice it was raining outside.
② her work, she didn’t notice it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Maya civilisation 1 (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 2 (impress) palaces and temples. 3 is most extraordinary about these structures is how they were built without wheels, metal tools or even animal power. Besides, the Maya applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy 4 the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of these was a writing system, which contained more than 800 characters, with some signs 5 (represent) syllables. It was so complicated that nobody has been able to interpret it 6 (complete) up to now.
In 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak, but it began to mysteriously decline within a couple of 7 (generation). Some research seems 8 (indicate) that the Maya people 9 (they) may have played a role in their downfall, while some suggests natural disasters may have caused the decline. 10 the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023广东惠州开学考试)
The Mogao Grottoes are located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor along the ancient Silk Road in Dunhuang, China. Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents. However, some are still left with the creation era (年代) uncertain due to the lack of reference materials or the disagreement of art experts.
The drawing style of mural paintings was changing throughout history and can be learned and quantified through painting data. A new dating method has been developed by encoding (把……编码) the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.This new method successfully discovered the creation era of six mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes, which was notable progress. This new research work is led by Qingquan Li from Shenzhen University.
With the help of experts from the Dunhuang Academy, seven mural paintings from two grottoes (No. 205 and No. 206) were chosen as subjects for this dating research.
To reveal the creation era of these paintings, Qin Zou, a researcher from Wuhan University, collected 3,860 mural paintings from 194 different grottoes with confirmed creation era labels. To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the authors constructed a deep convolutional neural network (卷积神经网络) and classified these painting images according to the right era. Based on the classification model, a dating method was built and applied to dating the seven paintings.
Six of the new dating results were approved by experts from the Dunhuang Academy. “These dating results are correct and the method is great,” said Mr. Hui Min Wang, a distinguished expert from the Archaeological Institute of the Dunhuang Academy.
“To the best of our knowledge,” wrote the researchers, “this work represents the first account of a scientific and quantitative manner to support the era prediction and reduce the uncertainties in dating ancient paintings by using deep learning.”
1.In which way can most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes be directly dated
A.By checking painting data. B.By identifying the drawing styles.
C.By referring to reference materials. D.By adopting a convolutional neural network.
2.What can be learned about the new dating method
A.It requires a large number of visual codes.
B.It dated the seven chosen mural paintings correctly.
C.It was developed by experts in the Dunhuang Academy.
D.It involves collecting information from the mural texts.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The importance of creation era labels. B.How the classification model was created.
C.The influence of the new dating research. D.Why the researcher chose 3,860 mural paintings.
4.What was Mr. Wang’s attitude toward this new method
A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Positive. D.Uninterested.
B
(2023湖南长沙市长郡中学期中)
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom civilisation shared similarities with Maya civilisation.
The Sanxingdui Ruins site, located in the city of Guanghan, about 60 kilometers from Chengdu, belonged to the ancient Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while Maya civilisation built its city states around 200 AD.
The bronze made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the ancient Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in Maya civilisation. “It is a very important similarity,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist, stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a kind of symbolism that is very similar”.
While the time period of the ancient Shu Kingdom and the Maya culture is greatly different, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilisations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their world views through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at the latitude both the ancient Shu people and the Maya looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at the Sanxingdui Ruins site was the cross subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts to be as fragile as silk remains.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Maya world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak the same language or not, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.
5.What is a similarity between the ancient Shu Kingdom and Maya civilisation
A.Their starting time. B.Their historical origins.
C.Their cultural symbols. D.Their ceremony traditions.
6.What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A.Damp weather. B.Locating of ruins. C.High latitude. D.Language barriers.
7.What is the focus of Santos’ words in the last paragraph
A.The future of the China Mexico cooperation.
B.The benefits of speaking a different language.
C.The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D.The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
8.Where is this text most likely from
A.A historical novel. B.A newspaper. C.A biography. D.A guidebook.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022湖南石门一中期中)
Chinese archaeologists announced on Saturday that six “sacrificial pits”, 1 (date) back 3,200 to 4,000 years, were newly discovered in the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, southwest China’s Sichuan Province.
Sanxingdui intrigued netizens again and some 2 (be) even eager for some hands on experiences.
Therefore, archaeological blind boxes rolled out by several museums in China were becoming a trend on a major online shopping platform, with 3 (buy) saying that these blind boxes allowed them to “experience the joys of digging cultural relics as an archaeologist”.
Henan Museum integrated the blind box concept with cultural relics, and hid “miniature cultural relics” such as bronzes and china in the soil. Using a Luoyang shovel(铁铲) and a brush 4 (sweep) away the dirt and dig a blind box, you can harvest a piece of bronze ware from the Shang Dynasty 5 a china bottle from the Song Dynasty.
The idea has proved wildly popular 6 many young people. Most of the blind boxes 7 (sell) out as soon as they are restocked. Those who were 8 (luck) enough to place an order shared 9 (they) experience of digging the blind box online. One said, “Wearing gloves, I feel like 10 archaeologist!”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.astronomy 2.canal 3.civilisation/civilization 4.dismissed
Ⅱ.1.to 考查介词。句意:这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去解决常规问题。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配“apply...to...”,表示“把……应用到……中”,故填to。
2.at 考查介词。句意:我们都知道,大英帝国在20世纪初处于鼎盛时期。at one’s peak为固定搭配,表示“处于鼎盛时期”。故填at。
3.ruins 考查名词复数。句意:唐山的地震造成了巨大的破坏,使这座城市成了一片废墟。in ruins为固定搭配,意为“成为废墟,受损严重”。
4.correspondence; correspondent 考查名词。句意:我一直和一位时尚记者通信,了解了更多关于名牌服装和化妆品的信息。由第一空前的in和空后的with及语境可知此处使用的是固定搭配in correspondence with...,表示“与……有通信联系”,故第一空填correspondence。in correspondence with 后接的是sb.,再结合句意和第二空前的a fashion可知,第二空指的是人,表示“记者”,且为单数,故第二空填correspondent。
5.expansions 考查名词。句意:对许多你感兴趣的事情都了解一点可以使你的生活更加丰富多彩。这些向新领域的扩展通过给我们新的视角来帮助我们。根据句子结构和空前的These可知设空处应用名词作主语,句子的谓语动词是help。由语境可知设空处表示“扩展”,应用名词expansion;根据These和谓语动词的数可知应用名词复数形式。故填expansions。
6.was abandoned 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这座建筑建于1947年,几年前就被废弃了,主楼的屋顶已经倒塌。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处为and前分句的谓语动词。在and前的分句中,由时间状语years ago可知应用一般过去时;主语the structure与abandon为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也应用第三人称单数形式,故填was abandoned。
Ⅲ.1.fell into ruin 2.correspond to 3.On top of 4.all the more
Ⅳ.1.apply to your situations 2.waved their arms with abandon 3.①buried herself in ②Burying herself in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.has been surrounded 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。由时间状语“since its rediscovery in the 19th century”可知应用现在完成时;主语Maya civilisation与surround之间是被动关系,因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是不可数名词短语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has been surrounded。
2.impressive 考查形容词。句意:玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙。设空处修饰空后的名词短语palaces and temples,应用形容词,表示“令人印象深刻的”,故填impressive。
3.What 考查名词性从句。句意:这些建筑最不同寻常的地方在于,在没有轮子、金属工具甚至没有动物力量的情况下它们是如何被建造的。“ 3 is most extraordinary about these structures”为设空处引导的主语从句,从句中缺少主语,设空处表示“……的东西”,故填What。
4.to 考查介词。句意:此外,玛雅人将他们对数学和天文学的理解应用到玛雅历法中……。apply...to...是固定搭配,意为“把……应用到……中”。故填to。
5.representing 考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知,“with some signs 5 syllables”是with的复合结构,some signs是宾语,设空处作宾语补足语,宾语some signs和represent是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填representing。
6.completely 考查副词。修饰动词interpret应用副词作状语,故填completely。
7.generations 考查名词复数。generation在此处意为“一代,一辈”,是可数名词,由a couple of修饰,应用复数形式。故填generations。
8.to indicate 考查动词不定式。句意:一些研究似乎表明,玛雅人自己可能对他们的衰败负有一定责任……。seem to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“似乎做某事”。故填to indicate。
9.themselves 考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作the Maya people的同位语,表示“他们自己”,应用反身代词。they的反身代词是themselves,注意其拼写。
10.Whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意:无论是什么原因,玛雅文明都大部分消失在丛林深处了。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,“ 10 the reasons”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,表示“无论是什么原因”,则设空处意为“无论什么”,故填Whatever。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的测年方法来准确地确定中国莫高窟古代壁画的年代。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents.”和第三句尤其是其中的“due to the lack of reference materials”可知,通过参考材料,如壁画文字或历史文献等,可以直接确定壁画的年代。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“A new dating method has been developed by encoding the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.”及第四段中的“To reveal the creation era of...collected 3,860 mural paintings...To find the visual codes...in these paintings...the right era.”可知,新的测年方法需要在大量的壁画作品中提取大量的视觉代码从而对绘画风格进行编码。故选A。
3.B 主旨大意题。根据第四段内容中的“收集了3,860幅有确定年代标签的壁画→构建深度卷积神经网络并将绘画图像按照正确的年代分类→基于分类模型,建立并应用了测年方法”可知,第四段主要介绍了分类模型是如何创建的。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中王先生的话“These dating results are correct and the method is great (这些测年结果是正确的,这种方法很棒)”可推知,王先生对这种新的测年方法持肯定态度。故选C。A.怀疑的;B.批评的;D.不感兴趣的,冷淡的。
【高频词汇】 1.reveal v.显示;揭示 2.confirm v.确认,证实 3.identify v.鉴定,确认;找到,发现;说明身份 4.classify v.将……分类 5.be approved by被……认可
【熟词生义】 date v.确定年代
【差距词汇】 quantify v.以数量表达,量化
quantitative adj.量化的
长难句 原句 To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the authors constructed a deep convolutional neural network and classified these painting images according to the right era.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“To find...these paintings”为不定式短语作目的状语,其中, that引导定语从句修饰先行词visual codes。
译文 为了在这些绘画中找到可以识别年代的视觉代码,创造者们构建了一个深度卷积神经网络,并将这些绘画图像按照正确的年代分类。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国西南部著名的三星堆遗址的发现表明,该地区的古蜀国文明与玛雅文明有相似之处,并介绍了保护这两个遗址的共同挑战和文化交流的重要性。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,在古蜀国遗址出土的青铜器制成的树木遗迹类似于木棉圣树,在玛雅文明中,木棉圣树象征着天堂、人间和阴间的结合;墨西哥考古学家桑托斯说,这是非常重要的相似之处,在两种文化中树的表现形式的象征意义非常相似。综合以上信息可知,古蜀国和玛雅文明的一个相似之处是文化符号。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。结合第四段第二句中的“They developed in areas with comparable climates (它们是在气候相似的地方发展起来的)”和倒数第二段内容“中国和墨西哥考古学家间的合作可能对玛雅世界的项目有益,玛雅文明所在地多雨的气候和湿度令遗址的保护十分困难”可知,这两处遗址的所在地有类似的气候,即多雨、潮湿,因此保护这两处遗址的共同挑战是潮湿的天气。故选A。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,桑托斯说,每次我们的文化知识有所增加时,它都向我们表明,我们仍然是姐妹文化,因此,这种知识的交流是基础的。由此推知,最后一段中桑托斯的话的重点是文化知识交流的重要性。故选C。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“中国西南部著名的三星堆遗址的发现表明,该地区的古蜀国文明与玛雅文明有相似之处”以及后面的相关介绍“古蜀国文明和玛雅文明有相似之处,保护这两个遗址具有共同的挑战以及两个遗址交流的重要性”可推知,文章时效性强,是新闻报道,最可能来自报纸。故选B。A.一本历史小说;C.一部传记;D.一本旅游指南。
【高频词汇】 1.(be) located in坐落于……,位于……
2.resemble v.看起来像 3.stress v.强调;重读;(使)疲惫不堪 n.重要性,强调;精神压力;重音 4.regardless of不管,不顾,不理会
【差距词汇】 1.problematic adj.造成困难的;产生问题的 2.fundamental adj.根本的,十分重大的;基础的
长难句 原句 Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak the same language or not, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental.
分析 本句为主从复合句。Every time引导时间状语从句;whether引导宾语从句;what引导主语从句;that引导表语从句。
译文 每次我们的文化知识有所增加时,不管我们说的是不是同一种语言,它都向我们表明,我们仍然是姐妹文化,因此,这种知识的交流是基础的。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国西南部四川省广汉市三星堆遗址新发现了六个距今3,200年至4,000年的“祭祀坑”,这使得考古热在网民中再次蔓延。因此,国内几家博物馆推出的“考古盲盒”在大型网购平台上流行起来,“考古盲盒”让网民体验了考古的乐趣。
1.dating 考查现在分词。句意:中国考古学家星期六宣布,在中国西南的四川省广汉市三星堆遗址新发现了六个距今3,200年至4,000年的“祭祀坑”。分析句子结构可知that引导的是宾语从句,其中six “sacrificial pits”为主语,were discovered为谓语,因此设空处应用非谓语动词。date back与其逻辑主语six “sacrificial pits”之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。
2.were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:三星堆再次激起网民的兴趣,一些人甚至渴望能有一些实际操作的体验。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句,根据前面分句中的“intrigued”和语境可知应用一般过去时;and后的分句的主语为 some (指some netizens), 谓语应用复数形式,故填were。
3.buyers 考查名词。句意:因此,中国几家博物馆推出的“考古盲盒”在一个大型网购平台上流行起来,买家表示,这些盲盒让他们“体验到了作为考古学家挖掘文物的乐趣”。根据空前的介词with可知设空处应用名词作with的宾语;根据句意可知设空处表示“买家”,应用名词buyer。buyer为可数名词,空前无冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。故填buyers。
4.to sweep 考查动词不定式。句意:用洛阳铲和刷子除去泥土,挖一个盲盒,你就可以收获一件商代青铜器或一个宋代瓷瓶。use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物来做某事”。故填to sweep。
5.or 考查连词。句意同上。根据句意可知,“商代青铜器”和“宋代瓷瓶”之间为选择关系,故填or。
6.with/among 考查介词。“be popular with/among...”意为“受……欢迎”。故填 with或among。
7.are sold 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:大多数盲盒一补货就卖完了。此处应用一般现在时,描述一个客观的事实;主语Most of the blind boxes与sell之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数,故填are sold。
8.lucky 考查形容词。句意:那些足够幸运下了订单的人在网上分享了他们挖盲盒的经历。分析句子结构可知,who引导的定语从句为主系表结构,“形容词+enough to do sth.”表示“足够……做某事”,则设空处应用形容词作表语。此处表示“幸运的”,故填lucky。
9.their 考查代词。设空处修饰名词experience,应用they的形容词性物主代词形式,表示“他们的”,故填their。
10.an 考查冠词。句意:“戴着手套,我觉得自己像一个考古学家!”有个人说道。archaeologist为可数名词,根据句意可知此处表示 “一个考古学家”,表泛指,应用不定冠词,且archaeologist以元音音素开头,故填an。
【高频词汇】 1.eager adj.热切的,渴望的 2.harvest v.收获 3.place an order订购;下单
【差距词汇】 1.netizen n.网民 2.roll out正式推出(新产品) 3.integrate v.(使)合并,使融入
4.miniature adj.微型的,小型的 5.restock v.再补给;为……再进货
长难句 原句 Therefore, archaeological blind boxes rolled out by several museums in China were becoming a trend on a major online shopping platform, with buyers saying that these blind boxes allowed them to “experience the joys of digging cultural relics as an archaeologist”.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中过去分词短语“rolled out by several museums in China”修饰archaeological blind boxes。“with buyers saying that...”为with的复合结构作状语,其中saying后是that引导的宾语从句,作saying的宾语。
译文 因此,中国几家博物馆推出的“考古盲盒”在一个大型网购平台上流行起来,买家表示,这些盲盒让他们“体验到了作为考古学家挖掘文物的乐趣”。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The scientist made significant contributions to the field of (天文学).
2.In ancient times, emperors went to the south through this (/k n l/).
3.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese (文明).
4.The freshman (拒绝考虑) the online investment because there were potential risks.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.In this way we can better apply theory practice to solve the conventional problems.
2.As we all know, the British Empire was its peak in the early 20th century.
3.The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin).
4.I have been in with a fashion and have learnt more news about designer clothes and cosmetics. (correspond)
5.Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of your life. These (expand) into new fields help us by giving us new perspectives.(2021天津3月改编)
6.Built in 1947, the structure (abandon) years ago and the roof of the main building has fallen down.
Ⅲ.选词填空
on top of; correspond to; all the more; fall into ruin
Several years ago, some ancient buildings in the area 1. during the earthquakes. However, they have been rebuilt by the local people in recent years and the new ones 2. the original ones. 3. this, they look 4. magnificent in the new surroundings.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.你最好提前弄清楚什么样的课程适用于你的情况,包括你的优缺点。(apply)
You’d better find out ahead of time what courses , which include your strengths and weaknesses.
2.当他到达终点线时,大家便激动地欢呼起来,尽情地挥舞着双臂。(abandon)
When he reached the finishing line, everyone cheered excitedly and .(读后续写—场景描写)
3.她埋头工作,没留意到外面在下雨。(一句多译:bury)
①She her work, and didn’t notice it was raining outside.
② her work, she didn’t notice it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Maya civilisation 1 (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 2 (impress) palaces and temples. 3 is most extraordinary about these structures is how they were built without wheels, metal tools or even animal power. Besides, the Maya applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy 4 the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of these was a writing system, which contained more than 800 characters, with some signs 5 (represent) syllables. It was so complicated that nobody has been able to interpret it 6 (complete) up to now.
In 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak, but it began to mysteriously decline within a couple of 7 (generation). Some research seems 8 (indicate) that the Maya people 9 (they) may have played a role in their downfall, while some suggests natural disasters may have caused the decline. 10 the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023广东惠州开学考试)
The Mogao Grottoes are located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor along the ancient Silk Road in Dunhuang, China. Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents. However, some are still left with the creation era (年代) uncertain due to the lack of reference materials or the disagreement of art experts.
The drawing style of mural paintings was changing throughout history and can be learned and quantified through painting data. A new dating method has been developed by encoding (把……编码) the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.This new method successfully discovered the creation era of six mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes, which was notable progress. This new research work is led by Qingquan Li from Shenzhen University.
With the help of experts from the Dunhuang Academy, seven mural paintings from two grottoes (No. 205 and No. 206) were chosen as subjects for this dating research.
To reveal the creation era of these paintings, Qin Zou, a researcher from Wuhan University, collected 3,860 mural paintings from 194 different grottoes with confirmed creation era labels. To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the authors constructed a deep convolutional neural network (卷积神经网络) and classified these painting images according to the right era. Based on the classification model, a dating method was built and applied to dating the seven paintings.
Six of the new dating results were approved by experts from the Dunhuang Academy. “These dating results are correct and the method is great,” said Mr. Hui Min Wang, a distinguished expert from the Archaeological Institute of the Dunhuang Academy.
“To the best of our knowledge,” wrote the researchers, “this work represents the first account of a scientific and quantitative manner to support the era prediction and reduce the uncertainties in dating ancient paintings by using deep learning.”
1.In which way can most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes be directly dated
A.By checking painting data. B.By identifying the drawing styles.
C.By referring to reference materials. D.By adopting a convolutional neural network.
2.What can be learned about the new dating method
A.It requires a large number of visual codes.
B.It dated the seven chosen mural paintings correctly.
C.It was developed by experts in the Dunhuang Academy.
D.It involves collecting information from the mural texts.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The importance of creation era labels. B.How the classification model was created.
C.The influence of the new dating research. D.Why the researcher chose 3,860 mural paintings.
4.What was Mr. Wang’s attitude toward this new method
A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Positive. D.Uninterested.
B
(2023湖南长沙市长郡中学期中)
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom civilisation shared similarities with Maya civilisation.
The Sanxingdui Ruins site, located in the city of Guanghan, about 60 kilometers from Chengdu, belonged to the ancient Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while Maya civilisation built its city states around 200 AD.
The bronze made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the ancient Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in Maya civilisation. “It is a very important similarity,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist, stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a kind of symbolism that is very similar”.
While the time period of the ancient Shu Kingdom and the Maya culture is greatly different, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilisations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their world views through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at the latitude both the ancient Shu people and the Maya looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at the Sanxingdui Ruins site was the cross subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts to be as fragile as silk remains.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Maya world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak the same language or not, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.
5.What is a similarity between the ancient Shu Kingdom and Maya civilisation
A.Their starting time. B.Their historical origins.
C.Their cultural symbols. D.Their ceremony traditions.
6.What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A.Damp weather. B.Locating of ruins. C.High latitude. D.Language barriers.
7.What is the focus of Santos’ words in the last paragraph
A.The future of the China Mexico cooperation.
B.The benefits of speaking a different language.
C.The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D.The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
8.Where is this text most likely from
A.A historical novel. B.A newspaper. C.A biography. D.A guidebook.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022湖南石门一中期中)
Chinese archaeologists announced on Saturday that six “sacrificial pits”, 1 (date) back 3,200 to 4,000 years, were newly discovered in the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, southwest China’s Sichuan Province.
Sanxingdui intrigued netizens again and some 2 (be) even eager for some hands on experiences.
Therefore, archaeological blind boxes rolled out by several museums in China were becoming a trend on a major online shopping platform, with 3 (buy) saying that these blind boxes allowed them to “experience the joys of digging cultural relics as an archaeologist”.
Henan Museum integrated the blind box concept with cultural relics, and hid “miniature cultural relics” such as bronzes and china in the soil. Using a Luoyang shovel(铁铲) and a brush 4 (sweep) away the dirt and dig a blind box, you can harvest a piece of bronze ware from the Shang Dynasty 5 a china bottle from the Song Dynasty.
The idea has proved wildly popular 6 many young people. Most of the blind boxes 7 (sell) out as soon as they are restocked. Those who were 8 (luck) enough to place an order shared 9 (they) experience of digging the blind box online. One said, “Wearing gloves, I feel like 10 archaeologist!”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.astronomy 2.canal 3.civilisation/civilization 4.dismissed
Ⅱ.1.to 考查介词。句意:这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去解决常规问题。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配“apply...to...”,表示“把……应用到……中”,故填to。
2.at 考查介词。句意:我们都知道,大英帝国在20世纪初处于鼎盛时期。at one’s peak为固定搭配,表示“处于鼎盛时期”。故填at。
3.ruins 考查名词复数。句意:唐山的地震造成了巨大的破坏,使这座城市成了一片废墟。in ruins为固定搭配,意为“成为废墟,受损严重”。
4.correspondence; correspondent 考查名词。句意:我一直和一位时尚记者通信,了解了更多关于名牌服装和化妆品的信息。由第一空前的in和空后的with及语境可知此处使用的是固定搭配in correspondence with...,表示“与……有通信联系”,故第一空填correspondence。in correspondence with 后接的是sb.,再结合句意和第二空前的a fashion可知,第二空指的是人,表示“记者”,且为单数,故第二空填correspondent。
5.expansions 考查名词。句意:对许多你感兴趣的事情都了解一点可以使你的生活更加丰富多彩。这些向新领域的扩展通过给我们新的视角来帮助我们。根据句子结构和空前的These可知设空处应用名词作主语,句子的谓语动词是help。由语境可知设空处表示“扩展”,应用名词expansion;根据These和谓语动词的数可知应用名词复数形式。故填expansions。
6.was abandoned 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这座建筑建于1947年,几年前就被废弃了,主楼的屋顶已经倒塌。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处为and前分句的谓语动词。在and前的分句中,由时间状语years ago可知应用一般过去时;主语the structure与abandon为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也应用第三人称单数形式,故填was abandoned。
Ⅲ.1.fell into ruin 2.correspond to 3.On top of 4.all the more
Ⅳ.1.apply to your situations 2.waved their arms with abandon 3.①buried herself in ②Burying herself in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.has been surrounded 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。由时间状语“since its rediscovery in the 19th century”可知应用现在完成时;主语Maya civilisation与surround之间是被动关系,因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是不可数名词短语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has been surrounded。
2.impressive 考查形容词。句意:玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙。设空处修饰空后的名词短语palaces and temples,应用形容词,表示“令人印象深刻的”,故填impressive。
3.What 考查名词性从句。句意:这些建筑最不同寻常的地方在于,在没有轮子、金属工具甚至没有动物力量的情况下它们是如何被建造的。“ 3 is most extraordinary about these structures”为设空处引导的主语从句,从句中缺少主语,设空处表示“……的东西”,故填What。
4.to 考查介词。句意:此外,玛雅人将他们对数学和天文学的理解应用到玛雅历法中……。apply...to...是固定搭配,意为“把……应用到……中”。故填to。
5.representing 考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知,“with some signs 5 syllables”是with的复合结构,some signs是宾语,设空处作宾语补足语,宾语some signs和represent是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填representing。
6.completely 考查副词。修饰动词interpret应用副词作状语,故填completely。
7.generations 考查名词复数。generation在此处意为“一代,一辈”,是可数名词,由a couple of修饰,应用复数形式。故填generations。
8.to indicate 考查动词不定式。句意:一些研究似乎表明,玛雅人自己可能对他们的衰败负有一定责任……。seem to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“似乎做某事”。故填to indicate。
9.themselves 考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作the Maya people的同位语,表示“他们自己”,应用反身代词。they的反身代词是themselves,注意其拼写。
10.Whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意:无论是什么原因,玛雅文明都大部分消失在丛林深处了。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,“ 10 the reasons”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,表示“无论是什么原因”,则设空处意为“无论什么”,故填Whatever。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的测年方法来准确地确定中国莫高窟古代壁画的年代。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents.”和第三句尤其是其中的“due to the lack of reference materials”可知,通过参考材料,如壁画文字或历史文献等,可以直接确定壁画的年代。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“A new dating method has been developed by encoding the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.”及第四段中的“To reveal the creation era of...collected 3,860 mural paintings...To find the visual codes...in these paintings...the right era.”可知,新的测年方法需要在大量的壁画作品中提取大量的视觉代码从而对绘画风格进行编码。故选A。
3.B 主旨大意题。根据第四段内容中的“收集了3,860幅有确定年代标签的壁画→构建深度卷积神经网络并将绘画图像按照正确的年代分类→基于分类模型,建立并应用了测年方法”可知,第四段主要介绍了分类模型是如何创建的。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中王先生的话“These dating results are correct and the method is great (这些测年结果是正确的,这种方法很棒)”可推知,王先生对这种新的测年方法持肯定态度。故选C。A.怀疑的;B.批评的;D.不感兴趣的,冷淡的。
【高频词汇】 1.reveal v.显示;揭示 2.confirm v.确认,证实 3.identify v.鉴定,确认;找到,发现;说明身份 4.classify v.将……分类 5.be approved by被……认可
【熟词生义】 date v.确定年代
【差距词汇】 quantify v.以数量表达,量化
quantitative adj.量化的
长难句 原句 To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the authors constructed a deep convolutional neural network and classified these painting images according to the right era.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“To find...these paintings”为不定式短语作目的状语,其中, that引导定语从句修饰先行词visual codes。
译文 为了在这些绘画中找到可以识别年代的视觉代码,创造者们构建了一个深度卷积神经网络,并将这些绘画图像按照正确的年代分类。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国西南部著名的三星堆遗址的发现表明,该地区的古蜀国文明与玛雅文明有相似之处,并介绍了保护这两个遗址的共同挑战和文化交流的重要性。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,在古蜀国遗址出土的青铜器制成的树木遗迹类似于木棉圣树,在玛雅文明中,木棉圣树象征着天堂、人间和阴间的结合;墨西哥考古学家桑托斯说,这是非常重要的相似之处,在两种文化中树的表现形式的象征意义非常相似。综合以上信息可知,古蜀国和玛雅文明的一个相似之处是文化符号。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。结合第四段第二句中的“They developed in areas with comparable climates (它们是在气候相似的地方发展起来的)”和倒数第二段内容“中国和墨西哥考古学家间的合作可能对玛雅世界的项目有益,玛雅文明所在地多雨的气候和湿度令遗址的保护十分困难”可知,这两处遗址的所在地有类似的气候,即多雨、潮湿,因此保护这两处遗址的共同挑战是潮湿的天气。故选A。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,桑托斯说,每次我们的文化知识有所增加时,它都向我们表明,我们仍然是姐妹文化,因此,这种知识的交流是基础的。由此推知,最后一段中桑托斯的话的重点是文化知识交流的重要性。故选C。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“中国西南部著名的三星堆遗址的发现表明,该地区的古蜀国文明与玛雅文明有相似之处”以及后面的相关介绍“古蜀国文明和玛雅文明有相似之处,保护这两个遗址具有共同的挑战以及两个遗址交流的重要性”可推知,文章时效性强,是新闻报道,最可能来自报纸。故选B。A.一本历史小说;C.一部传记;D.一本旅游指南。
【高频词汇】 1.(be) located in坐落于……,位于……
2.resemble v.看起来像 3.stress v.强调;重读;(使)疲惫不堪 n.重要性,强调;精神压力;重音 4.regardless of不管,不顾,不理会
【差距词汇】 1.problematic adj.造成困难的;产生问题的 2.fundamental adj.根本的,十分重大的;基础的
长难句 原句 Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak the same language or not, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental.
分析 本句为主从复合句。Every time引导时间状语从句;whether引导宾语从句;what引导主语从句;that引导表语从句。
译文 每次我们的文化知识有所增加时,不管我们说的是不是同一种语言,它都向我们表明,我们仍然是姐妹文化,因此,这种知识的交流是基础的。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国西南部四川省广汉市三星堆遗址新发现了六个距今3,200年至4,000年的“祭祀坑”,这使得考古热在网民中再次蔓延。因此,国内几家博物馆推出的“考古盲盒”在大型网购平台上流行起来,“考古盲盒”让网民体验了考古的乐趣。
1.dating 考查现在分词。句意:中国考古学家星期六宣布,在中国西南的四川省广汉市三星堆遗址新发现了六个距今3,200年至4,000年的“祭祀坑”。分析句子结构可知that引导的是宾语从句,其中six “sacrificial pits”为主语,were discovered为谓语,因此设空处应用非谓语动词。date back与其逻辑主语six “sacrificial pits”之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。
2.were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:三星堆再次激起网民的兴趣,一些人甚至渴望能有一些实际操作的体验。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句,根据前面分句中的“intrigued”和语境可知应用一般过去时;and后的分句的主语为 some (指some netizens), 谓语应用复数形式,故填were。
3.buyers 考查名词。句意:因此,中国几家博物馆推出的“考古盲盒”在一个大型网购平台上流行起来,买家表示,这些盲盒让他们“体验到了作为考古学家挖掘文物的乐趣”。根据空前的介词with可知设空处应用名词作with的宾语;根据句意可知设空处表示“买家”,应用名词buyer。buyer为可数名词,空前无冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。故填buyers。
4.to sweep 考查动词不定式。句意:用洛阳铲和刷子除去泥土,挖一个盲盒,你就可以收获一件商代青铜器或一个宋代瓷瓶。use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物来做某事”。故填to sweep。
5.or 考查连词。句意同上。根据句意可知,“商代青铜器”和“宋代瓷瓶”之间为选择关系,故填or。
6.with/among 考查介词。“be popular with/among...”意为“受……欢迎”。故填 with或among。
7.are sold 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:大多数盲盒一补货就卖完了。此处应用一般现在时,描述一个客观的事实;主语Most of the blind boxes与sell之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数,故填are sold。
8.lucky 考查形容词。句意:那些足够幸运下了订单的人在网上分享了他们挖盲盒的经历。分析句子结构可知,who引导的定语从句为主系表结构,“形容词+enough to do sth.”表示“足够……做某事”,则设空处应用形容词作表语。此处表示“幸运的”,故填lucky。
9.their 考查代词。设空处修饰名词experience,应用they的形容词性物主代词形式,表示“他们的”,故填their。
10.an 考查冠词。句意:“戴着手套,我觉得自己像一个考古学家!”有个人说道。archaeologist为可数名词,根据句意可知此处表示 “一个考古学家”,表泛指,应用不定冠词,且archaeologist以元音音素开头,故填an。
【高频词汇】 1.eager adj.热切的,渴望的 2.harvest v.收获 3.place an order订购;下单
【差距词汇】 1.netizen n.网民 2.roll out正式推出(新产品) 3.integrate v.(使)合并,使融入
4.miniature adj.微型的,小型的 5.restock v.再补给;为……再进货
长难句 原句 Therefore, archaeological blind boxes rolled out by several museums in China were becoming a trend on a major online shopping platform, with buyers saying that these blind boxes allowed them to “experience the joys of digging cultural relics as an archaeologist”.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中过去分词短语“rolled out by several museums in China”修饰archaeological blind boxes。“with buyers saying that...”为with的复合结构作状语,其中saying后是that引导的宾语从句,作saying的宾语。
译文 因此,中国几家博物馆推出的“考古盲盒”在一个大型网购平台上流行起来,买家表示,这些盲盒让他们“体验到了作为考古学家挖掘文物的乐趣”。
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