2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 2 Using language
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| 名称 | 2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 2 Using language |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 15:16:40 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His disappearance has been the subject of intensive (调查).
2.The little girl saw a stranger and (后退,退避) for several steps, too shy to speak to him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.When you talk with an unfamiliar woman, you’d better steer clear age.
2.The state announced a new policy about education last month and set out (carry) it out.
3.With pieces of masonry(砖石建筑) falling all around her, she ran her life hurriedly.
4.This course is designed for the people who shrink the thought of giving an speech in public.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1. I believe is that you need to act flexibly, instead of following what everyone else is doing.
2.The main question is you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.
3. they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery now.
4.She declined to reveal was involved in the financial problems.
5.It is calculated European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.(2022全国乙)
题型(二)
1.我喜欢他的课堂的原因是他能阐明令人困惑的数学问题。(定语从句,表语从句)
I like his class is he can throw light on the confusing math problems.
2.我们无法想象,没有阳光的话,世界将会成为什么样子。(宾语从句)
We can’t imagine without sunshine.
3.最令我印象深刻的是当他们遇到阻碍时,他们从不放弃。(主语从句,表语从句)
was they never give up when they meet obstacles.
4.我认为我们克服恐惧,追求梦想是重要的。(it作形式宾语)
I think we overcome our fear and pursue our dreams.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.男孩站起来走了,留下他的父亲坐在沙发上,一言不发。(leave的复合结构)
The boy got up and walked away, on the sofa, not saying a word.
2.小女孩把头埋在枕头里,哭了很长时间。
her pillow, the little girl wept a long time.(读后续写—情感描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022河南驻马店联考)
“Experts using a high tech laser scanner (激光扫描仪) have discovered thousands of abandoned ancient Maya buildings under the thick forests of northern Guatemala,” officials said on Thursday. Some 60,000 buildings were found over the past two years in a scan of an area in the northern department of El Peten between Mexico and Belize, said Marcello Canuto, an archaeologist at Tulane University in the United States and one of the project’s lead researchers.
These findings were a “breakthrough in Maya archaeology”, Canuto said.
The new discoveries in this Central American country included city centers with sidewalks, homes, wide steps, farming facilities and so on, said Canuto.
Among the finds was a 30 meter high pyramid that had been earlier recognized as a natural hill in Tikal. Also discovered in Tikal were a series of holes and a 14 kilometer long wall.
Maya civilisation reached its height in what is present day southern Mexico, Guatemala, and parts of Belize, El Salvador and Honduras between 250 CE and 950 CE. “Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment,” Canuto said.
The project depended on a remote sensing method known as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Aircraft with a LIDAR scanner produced 3D maps of the surface by using light in the form of a laser beam.
The technology helped researchers discover sites much faster than using traditional archaeological methods. “Now it is no longer necessary to cut through the jungle to see what’s under it,” said Canuto.
Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11 on the National Geographic TV channel, said Minister of Culture and Sports José Luis Chea.
1.What did Canuto think of the new discoveries in the past two years
A.Crucial. B.Frightening.
C.Annoying. D.Puzzling.
2.Which of the following is an advantage of LIDAR
A.It saves money in discovering sites.
B.Research can be done at a distance.
C.Explorers have to go deep into the jungle to research.
D.It is more convenient for researchers to cut through the jungle.
3.What can we know about the Maya according to the new discoveries
A.They might live in Africa.
B.Their pyramid was made of a hill.
C.Their living area might be less developed.
D.They might be a nation with a surprisingly large population.
4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text
A.To inform readers of the new discoveries about the Maya.
B.To introduce a new method used to discover Maya buildings.
C.To show Maya development was of great influence.
D.To tell us a new documentary will be launched on TV in Feb.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023江苏南京师大附中期中)
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can’t make a getaway. Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in an investigation about future AI risk. Half of those questioned stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 1
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid 20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. 2 It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操作,操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. 3 From language emerge myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations, and even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilisation. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non human intelligence 4 What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
5 We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non human intelligence We should reckon with AI before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A.Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B.Language is the operating system of human culture.
C.In games like chess, no human can hope for beating a computer.
D.By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilisation.
E.Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F.For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G.It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT 4 and similar tools.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022山东临沂联考) In September 1991, two German tourists were hiking in the tztal Alps near the Italian Austrian border. When they were 1 a path, something sticking out of the 2 intrigued them. Upon further 3 , they discovered that it was 4 of a body. They took a picture and then 5 their discovery to the authorities. Removing a frozen body from the ice at over 3,200 metres above sea level was never 6 . Bad weather and a 7 of proper excavation(挖掘) equipment made the job even more difficult. After four days of trying, the man’s body was finally 8 and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck. Otzi, as the archaeologists called him, 9 between 3350 BCE and 3100 BCE. He was about forty five years old. That was 10 in the Stone Age 11 people didn’t live very long then. He was about 1.6 metres tall, and had blue eyes and long, dark brown hair. Otzi 12 our ideas about the Stone Age. Before Otzi, archaeologists thought that copper didn’t arrive in Europe until 2000 BCE. However, Otzi was 13 a copper axe 1,300 years earlier. He was also carrying a bow and arrows, a knife and some wooden tools.Furthermore, he was 14 warm clothes, with a waterproof cloak and leather boots. These things showed that people at that time possessed technology that was more 15 than previously thought. 1.A.pointing to B.walking along C.breaking into D.talking about 2.A.water B.corner C.hole D.ice 3.A.examination B.consideration C.discussion D.introduction 4.A.sign B.surface C.part D.front 5.A.dismissed B.transported C.compared D.reported 6.A.acceptable B.boring C.cheap D.easy 7.A.combination B.waste C.shortage D.piece 8.A.abandoned B.recognized C.rescued D.removed 9.A.lived B.fought C.explored D.hunted 10.A.weak B.normal C.old D.useful 11.A.if B.because C.thus D.but 12.A.presented B.shaped C.changed D.supported 13.A.carrying B.picking C.burying D.packing 14.A.trying B.wearing C.collecting D.making 15.A.advanced B.beneficial C.profitable D.standard
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.investigation(s) 2.retreated
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:当你与一位陌生的女士交谈时,你最好不要谈及年龄。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配steer clear of...,意为“避开……”。
2.to carry 考查动词不定式。句意:政府上个月宣布了一项关于教育的新政策,并着手落实这项政策。set out to do sth.开始做某事。
类比启发 set about doing sth.也表示“开始做某事”。注意set后的词不同,后面非谓语动词的形式也随之不同。
3.for 考查介词。句意:砖石碎片掉落在她周围,她急忙逃命。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配run for one’s life,表示“逃命”。
4.from 考查介词。句意:这个课程是专为那些一想到在公众面前演讲就退缩的人们开设的。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配shrink from,表示“避免(做),不愿(做)”。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.What 考查主语从句。句意:我认为你做事需要灵活一些,而不是跟着别人做一样的事。根据句子结构可知,“ I believe”为设空处引导的主语从句,is是系动词,that引导表语从句。设空处在主语从句中作believe的宾语,表示“……的事”,故填What。
2.whether 考查表语从句。句意:主要的问题是,你想要你的手臂放在睡袋里面还是外面。分析句子结构可知,is后是设空处引导的表语从句。根据句意可知设空处意为“是否”,结合句中的or可知,此处应用whether引导表语从句,构成whether...or...结构。故填whether。
易错归因 本题易错填if。if虽然可以表示“是否”,但不能引导表语从句,故本题不能填if。
3.Why 考查主语从句。句意:它们为什么突然消失了现在仍然是一个谜。分析句子结构可知,“ they suddenly disappeared”为设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在主语从句中作状语,根据句意可知设空处表示“……的原因”,应用Why引导主语从句。
4.who 考查宾语从句。句意:她拒绝透露涉及这些财政问题的人员。根据句意和句子结构可知,“ was involved in the financial problems”是reveal的宾语,设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,故填who。
5.that 考查主语从句。句意:据计算,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元。由句意和句子结构可知,本句使用了“It is calculated that...”句式,其中It是形式主语,that引导主语从句,故填that。
题型(二)
1.The reason why;that
2.what the world will be like
3.What impressed me most; that
4.it important that
Ⅳ.1.leaving his father sitting
2.Burying her head in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项发现玛雅建筑的新技术。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句中的“Some 60,000 buildings were found over the past two years”和第二段中的“These findings were a ‘breakthrough in Maya archaeology’(这些发现是‘玛雅考古学的突破’)”可知,Canuto认为过去两年里的发现是一个重大的突破。A.至关重要的,关键性的;B.骇人的;C.使恼怒的;D.令人困惑的。A项最符合Canuto的观点,故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,这项技术帮助研究人员比使用传统的考古方法更快地发现遗址;Canuto说现在已经没有必要在丛林中开辟道路去看下面有什么了。由此可知,利用这项技术研究人员可以远程探索玛雅建筑,不用去丛林中了。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment(研究人员现在认为玛雅有一千万人,这比之前判断的人数要多得多)”可知,玛雅可能人口众多。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章的篇章结构可知,文章第一、二段引出了一项技术并说明了它的重要作用,第三、四、五段通过列举利用这项技术发现的情况来突出这项技术的作用,第六、七段介绍了这项技术的工作原理和优点。由此可知文章的主要目的是介绍这项新技术。故选B。
易错归因 本题易错选A项。文中确实介绍了一些关于玛雅的新发现,但作者只是简单列举了一下这些发现,没有详细介绍,根据文章最后一段中的“Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11”可知关于这些发现的详细介绍会在纪录片中体现。介绍这些发现不是文章的主要目的,作者是想通过这些发现来说明做出这些新发现所利用的新技术的效果,故不选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.breakthrough n.突破,重大进展
2.previous adj.以前的,先前的 3.remote adj.远程的;偏远的;遥远的 4.in the form of以……的形式
5.documentary n.纪实广播(或电视)节目,纪录影片
【熟词生义】 sense v.检测出
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
1.E 根据设空处上文“一半的被询问者表示,未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝”,并结合第一段提到的“让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机”可推知,技术(人工智能)让所有人类都登上了这架可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上那架飞机的竞赛)与上文话题一致,符合语境,故选E。
2.G 根据设空处下文“It is even harder to grasp...capabilities(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大的功能的速度就更难了)”中的“even harder to grasp”推知,空处提到了一种难以掌握的东西。G项(人类大脑很难掌握GPT 4和类似工具的功能)符合语境,下文与G项衔接顺畅(表示“……很难,……更难”)。G项中的difficult呼应下文中的even harder,grasp和capabilities与下文中的grasp和capabilities是同词复现,下文中的these tools指代G项中的“GPT 4 and similar tools”。故选G。
3.B 根据设空处下文“From language...computer code.(从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家,甚至产生了计算机代码)”可知,语言对人类来说尤为重要。结合选项可知B项也是关于语言的,B项中的Language与空下文的language对应,且与空上文的word对应。再结合“AI’s new mastery...of civilisation.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”可推知,语言之所以重要是因为它是文明的操作系统。B项(语言是人类文化的操作系统)符合语境。故选B。易错归因 本题易错选D项,只关注到了选项中有相同词汇(language、AI、civilisation)的复现,但忽略了对语境的理解。D项的语意与上下文不符,上下文说的都是语言的情况,而D项说的是AI的情况,且D项与下文第二句语意重复,故排除D项。
4.C 根据设空处上文“人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统”和下文“当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么 ”再结合选项可知,C项(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中,没有人能指望打败电脑)符合语境,提到了一种人工智能打败人类的情况,表明它操纵了文明的操作系统,而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果,上下文衔接顺畅。下文中的“the same thing”指代C项中的“no human can hope for beating a computer”,即人工智能打败人类。故选C。
5.A 根据下文“我们被文化包围,通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子 ”可知,我们的观点通常都是通过别人形成的。结合选项可知A项(人类通常无法直接接触现实)与下文内容一致,符合语境。reality是关键词;A项中的“have direct access to reality”与下文中的“experiencing reality”对应。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.crash v./n.碰撞;崩溃;破产;失败
2.extinction n.灭绝 3.grasp v.掌握,理解,领会;抓紧n.理解(力),领会;紧抓 4.emerge from...产生于……;从……中露出来 5.be shaped by...受……影响
6.have access to...接近……,有机会…… 7.be caught in...陷于……,被困在……中
【熟词生义】 academic n.高校教师,高校科研人员
【差距词汇】 haunt v.萦绕于脑际,难以忘却;长期不断地缠扰
长难句 原句 Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can’t make a getaway.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为祈使句。Imagine后为 that引导的宾语从句。其中,as引导时间状语从句;“who built the plane”为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the engineers; tell you后面是第一个and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,第一个and前的宾语从句省略了引导词that,chance后的that引导同位语从句,解释说明chance的内容。
译文 想象一下:当你正要登上飞机时,建造飞机的工程师有一半人告诉你飞机有10%的可能会坠机,并且你和飞机上的其他所有人都无法逃生。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。1991年,德国登山者在阿尔卑斯雪山上意外地发现了被冰封了几千年的冰人奥茨。
1.B 根据本段中的“two German tourists were hiking...”可知,当两位德国登山者徒步旅行时,注意到了突出冰面的某样东西。根据语境可知,此处指他们沿路行进,故选B。A.指向;C.闯入,突然开始做。
2.D 由第二段中的“Removing a frozen body from the ice...”可知,此处指登山者注意到了突出冰(ice)面的东西。故选D。
3.A 根据本段中的“they discovered”及下一段中的“the man’s body”可知,此处指他们进行了进一步的检查(examination),从而发现突出来的究竟是什么。故选A。
4.C 根据下一段中的“Removing a frozen body”“the man’s body”可知登山者发现突出来的其实是尸体的一部分(part)。故选C。A.迹象;B.表面。
5.D 根据本段中的“They took a picture”“their discovery to the authorities”可推知,此处指他们拍了照后,向当局报告(reported)了该发现。故选D。A.不予考虑; B.运输;C.比较。
6.D 根据本段中的“Removing a frozen body from the ice at over 3,200 metres above sea level...”以及“Bad weather and...made the job even more difficult.”可知,此处指将一具冰封的尸体从海拔3,200米的地方移走并不简单(easy)。故选D。
7.C 由“恶劣的天气再加上 7 合适的挖掘设备使这项工作难上加难。”可知,a shortage of(缺少)符合语境,故选C。a combination of意为“……的结合体”;a waste of意为“……的浪费”;a piece of意为“一块,一片”。
8.D 根据本段中的“Removing a frozen body”和“After four days of trying, the man’s body was finally 8 and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck.”可知,他们是要把尸体移开(removed),送往法医研究所。故选D。A.放弃,抛弃;B.认出,认可;C.营救。
9.A 根据本段中的“archaeologists”“between 3350 BCE and 3100 BCE”和“people didn’t live very long then”可知,此处指冰人奥茨大约生活(lived)在公元前3350年到公元前3100年这段时期内。故选A。B.打仗,搏斗,竞争;C.探索,勘察;D.打猎,搜索。
10.C 根据本段中的“people didn’t live very long then”可知,冰人奥茨在那个时代算上了年纪的(old),因为那时人们的寿命普遍不是很长。故选C。
11.B 分析上下文的逻辑关系可知,空后所说的“那时人们的寿命都不是很长”是空前所说的“那在石器时代算上了年纪的”的原因。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“Before Otzi,archaeologists thought that copper didn’t arrive in Europe until 2000 BCE. However, Otzi was 13 a copper axe 1,300 years earlier.”及“These things showed that people at that time possessed technology that was more 15 than previously thought.”可知,冰人奥茨改变(changed)了人们对石器时代的认识。故选C。A.提出;B.塑造;D.支持。
13.A 根据本段内容可知,在冰人出现之前,考古学家认为直到公元前2000年欧洲才有铜器,但是冰人奥茨携带着一把比公元前2000年要早1,300年的铜斧。根据“He was also carrying a bow and arrows, a knife and some wooden tools.”中的carrying可知此处指“携带(carrying)”。故选A。B.选择;C.埋葬;D.包装。
14.B 由“he was 14 warm clothes, with a waterproof cloak and leather boots”可知,B项(穿着)符合语境,此处指冰人奥茨穿着保暖的衣服,披着防水的斗篷,穿着皮靴。故选B。
15.A 根据本段中对冰人奥茨的装备和衣着的描述以及他改变了人们对石器时代的认识可知,此处指那个时代的技术比人们以前认为的要更先进(advanced)。故选A。B.有益的;C.有利润的;D.标准的。
【高频词汇】 1.frozen adj.冻僵的;冷冻的 2.possess v.拥有
【差距词汇】 1.waterproof adj.防水的,不透水的
2.leather n.皮革
长难句 原句 These things showed that people at that time possessed technology that was more advanced than previously thought.
分析 该句为主从复合句。showed后是第一个that引导的宾语从句,作showed的宾语;“that was more advanced than previously thought”是第三个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词technology。
译文 这些物品表明,当时的人们拥有的技术比它以前被认为的要更先进。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His disappearance has been the subject of intensive (调查).
2.The little girl saw a stranger and (后退,退避) for several steps, too shy to speak to him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.When you talk with an unfamiliar woman, you’d better steer clear age.
2.The state announced a new policy about education last month and set out (carry) it out.
3.With pieces of masonry(砖石建筑) falling all around her, she ran her life hurriedly.
4.This course is designed for the people who shrink the thought of giving an speech in public.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1. I believe is that you need to act flexibly, instead of following what everyone else is doing.
2.The main question is you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.
3. they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery now.
4.She declined to reveal was involved in the financial problems.
5.It is calculated European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.(2022全国乙)
题型(二)
1.我喜欢他的课堂的原因是他能阐明令人困惑的数学问题。(定语从句,表语从句)
I like his class is he can throw light on the confusing math problems.
2.我们无法想象,没有阳光的话,世界将会成为什么样子。(宾语从句)
We can’t imagine without sunshine.
3.最令我印象深刻的是当他们遇到阻碍时,他们从不放弃。(主语从句,表语从句)
was they never give up when they meet obstacles.
4.我认为我们克服恐惧,追求梦想是重要的。(it作形式宾语)
I think we overcome our fear and pursue our dreams.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.男孩站起来走了,留下他的父亲坐在沙发上,一言不发。(leave的复合结构)
The boy got up and walked away, on the sofa, not saying a word.
2.小女孩把头埋在枕头里,哭了很长时间。
her pillow, the little girl wept a long time.(读后续写—情感描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022河南驻马店联考)
“Experts using a high tech laser scanner (激光扫描仪) have discovered thousands of abandoned ancient Maya buildings under the thick forests of northern Guatemala,” officials said on Thursday. Some 60,000 buildings were found over the past two years in a scan of an area in the northern department of El Peten between Mexico and Belize, said Marcello Canuto, an archaeologist at Tulane University in the United States and one of the project’s lead researchers.
These findings were a “breakthrough in Maya archaeology”, Canuto said.
The new discoveries in this Central American country included city centers with sidewalks, homes, wide steps, farming facilities and so on, said Canuto.
Among the finds was a 30 meter high pyramid that had been earlier recognized as a natural hill in Tikal. Also discovered in Tikal were a series of holes and a 14 kilometer long wall.
Maya civilisation reached its height in what is present day southern Mexico, Guatemala, and parts of Belize, El Salvador and Honduras between 250 CE and 950 CE. “Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment,” Canuto said.
The project depended on a remote sensing method known as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Aircraft with a LIDAR scanner produced 3D maps of the surface by using light in the form of a laser beam.
The technology helped researchers discover sites much faster than using traditional archaeological methods. “Now it is no longer necessary to cut through the jungle to see what’s under it,” said Canuto.
Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11 on the National Geographic TV channel, said Minister of Culture and Sports José Luis Chea.
1.What did Canuto think of the new discoveries in the past two years
A.Crucial. B.Frightening.
C.Annoying. D.Puzzling.
2.Which of the following is an advantage of LIDAR
A.It saves money in discovering sites.
B.Research can be done at a distance.
C.Explorers have to go deep into the jungle to research.
D.It is more convenient for researchers to cut through the jungle.
3.What can we know about the Maya according to the new discoveries
A.They might live in Africa.
B.Their pyramid was made of a hill.
C.Their living area might be less developed.
D.They might be a nation with a surprisingly large population.
4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text
A.To inform readers of the new discoveries about the Maya.
B.To introduce a new method used to discover Maya buildings.
C.To show Maya development was of great influence.
D.To tell us a new documentary will be launched on TV in Feb.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023江苏南京师大附中期中)
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can’t make a getaway. Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in an investigation about future AI risk. Half of those questioned stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 1
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid 20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. 2 It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操作,操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. 3 From language emerge myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations, and even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilisation. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non human intelligence 4 What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
5 We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non human intelligence We should reckon with AI before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A.Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B.Language is the operating system of human culture.
C.In games like chess, no human can hope for beating a computer.
D.By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilisation.
E.Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F.For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G.It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT 4 and similar tools.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022山东临沂联考) In September 1991, two German tourists were hiking in the tztal Alps near the Italian Austrian border. When they were 1 a path, something sticking out of the 2 intrigued them. Upon further 3 , they discovered that it was 4 of a body. They took a picture and then 5 their discovery to the authorities. Removing a frozen body from the ice at over 3,200 metres above sea level was never 6 . Bad weather and a 7 of proper excavation(挖掘) equipment made the job even more difficult. After four days of trying, the man’s body was finally 8 and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck. Otzi, as the archaeologists called him, 9 between 3350 BCE and 3100 BCE. He was about forty five years old. That was 10 in the Stone Age 11 people didn’t live very long then. He was about 1.6 metres tall, and had blue eyes and long, dark brown hair. Otzi 12 our ideas about the Stone Age. Before Otzi, archaeologists thought that copper didn’t arrive in Europe until 2000 BCE. However, Otzi was 13 a copper axe 1,300 years earlier. He was also carrying a bow and arrows, a knife and some wooden tools.Furthermore, he was 14 warm clothes, with a waterproof cloak and leather boots. These things showed that people at that time possessed technology that was more 15 than previously thought. 1.A.pointing to B.walking along C.breaking into D.talking about 2.A.water B.corner C.hole D.ice 3.A.examination B.consideration C.discussion D.introduction 4.A.sign B.surface C.part D.front 5.A.dismissed B.transported C.compared D.reported 6.A.acceptable B.boring C.cheap D.easy 7.A.combination B.waste C.shortage D.piece 8.A.abandoned B.recognized C.rescued D.removed 9.A.lived B.fought C.explored D.hunted 10.A.weak B.normal C.old D.useful 11.A.if B.because C.thus D.but 12.A.presented B.shaped C.changed D.supported 13.A.carrying B.picking C.burying D.packing 14.A.trying B.wearing C.collecting D.making 15.A.advanced B.beneficial C.profitable D.standard
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.investigation(s) 2.retreated
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:当你与一位陌生的女士交谈时,你最好不要谈及年龄。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配steer clear of...,意为“避开……”。
2.to carry 考查动词不定式。句意:政府上个月宣布了一项关于教育的新政策,并着手落实这项政策。set out to do sth.开始做某事。
类比启发 set about doing sth.也表示“开始做某事”。注意set后的词不同,后面非谓语动词的形式也随之不同。
3.for 考查介词。句意:砖石碎片掉落在她周围,她急忙逃命。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配run for one’s life,表示“逃命”。
4.from 考查介词。句意:这个课程是专为那些一想到在公众面前演讲就退缩的人们开设的。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配shrink from,表示“避免(做),不愿(做)”。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.What 考查主语从句。句意:我认为你做事需要灵活一些,而不是跟着别人做一样的事。根据句子结构可知,“ I believe”为设空处引导的主语从句,is是系动词,that引导表语从句。设空处在主语从句中作believe的宾语,表示“……的事”,故填What。
2.whether 考查表语从句。句意:主要的问题是,你想要你的手臂放在睡袋里面还是外面。分析句子结构可知,is后是设空处引导的表语从句。根据句意可知设空处意为“是否”,结合句中的or可知,此处应用whether引导表语从句,构成whether...or...结构。故填whether。
易错归因 本题易错填if。if虽然可以表示“是否”,但不能引导表语从句,故本题不能填if。
3.Why 考查主语从句。句意:它们为什么突然消失了现在仍然是一个谜。分析句子结构可知,“ they suddenly disappeared”为设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在主语从句中作状语,根据句意可知设空处表示“……的原因”,应用Why引导主语从句。
4.who 考查宾语从句。句意:她拒绝透露涉及这些财政问题的人员。根据句意和句子结构可知,“ was involved in the financial problems”是reveal的宾语,设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,故填who。
5.that 考查主语从句。句意:据计算,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元。由句意和句子结构可知,本句使用了“It is calculated that...”句式,其中It是形式主语,that引导主语从句,故填that。
题型(二)
1.The reason why;that
2.what the world will be like
3.What impressed me most; that
4.it important that
Ⅳ.1.leaving his father sitting
2.Burying her head in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项发现玛雅建筑的新技术。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句中的“Some 60,000 buildings were found over the past two years”和第二段中的“These findings were a ‘breakthrough in Maya archaeology’(这些发现是‘玛雅考古学的突破’)”可知,Canuto认为过去两年里的发现是一个重大的突破。A.至关重要的,关键性的;B.骇人的;C.使恼怒的;D.令人困惑的。A项最符合Canuto的观点,故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,这项技术帮助研究人员比使用传统的考古方法更快地发现遗址;Canuto说现在已经没有必要在丛林中开辟道路去看下面有什么了。由此可知,利用这项技术研究人员可以远程探索玛雅建筑,不用去丛林中了。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment(研究人员现在认为玛雅有一千万人,这比之前判断的人数要多得多)”可知,玛雅可能人口众多。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章的篇章结构可知,文章第一、二段引出了一项技术并说明了它的重要作用,第三、四、五段通过列举利用这项技术发现的情况来突出这项技术的作用,第六、七段介绍了这项技术的工作原理和优点。由此可知文章的主要目的是介绍这项新技术。故选B。
易错归因 本题易错选A项。文中确实介绍了一些关于玛雅的新发现,但作者只是简单列举了一下这些发现,没有详细介绍,根据文章最后一段中的“Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11”可知关于这些发现的详细介绍会在纪录片中体现。介绍这些发现不是文章的主要目的,作者是想通过这些发现来说明做出这些新发现所利用的新技术的效果,故不选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.breakthrough n.突破,重大进展
2.previous adj.以前的,先前的 3.remote adj.远程的;偏远的;遥远的 4.in the form of以……的形式
5.documentary n.纪实广播(或电视)节目,纪录影片
【熟词生义】 sense v.检测出
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
1.E 根据设空处上文“一半的被询问者表示,未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝”,并结合第一段提到的“让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机”可推知,技术(人工智能)让所有人类都登上了这架可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上那架飞机的竞赛)与上文话题一致,符合语境,故选E。
2.G 根据设空处下文“It is even harder to grasp...capabilities(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大的功能的速度就更难了)”中的“even harder to grasp”推知,空处提到了一种难以掌握的东西。G项(人类大脑很难掌握GPT 4和类似工具的功能)符合语境,下文与G项衔接顺畅(表示“……很难,……更难”)。G项中的difficult呼应下文中的even harder,grasp和capabilities与下文中的grasp和capabilities是同词复现,下文中的these tools指代G项中的“GPT 4 and similar tools”。故选G。
3.B 根据设空处下文“From language...computer code.(从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家,甚至产生了计算机代码)”可知,语言对人类来说尤为重要。结合选项可知B项也是关于语言的,B项中的Language与空下文的language对应,且与空上文的word对应。再结合“AI’s new mastery...of civilisation.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”可推知,语言之所以重要是因为它是文明的操作系统。B项(语言是人类文化的操作系统)符合语境。故选B。易错归因 本题易错选D项,只关注到了选项中有相同词汇(language、AI、civilisation)的复现,但忽略了对语境的理解。D项的语意与上下文不符,上下文说的都是语言的情况,而D项说的是AI的情况,且D项与下文第二句语意重复,故排除D项。
4.C 根据设空处上文“人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统”和下文“当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么 ”再结合选项可知,C项(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中,没有人能指望打败电脑)符合语境,提到了一种人工智能打败人类的情况,表明它操纵了文明的操作系统,而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果,上下文衔接顺畅。下文中的“the same thing”指代C项中的“no human can hope for beating a computer”,即人工智能打败人类。故选C。
5.A 根据下文“我们被文化包围,通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子 ”可知,我们的观点通常都是通过别人形成的。结合选项可知A项(人类通常无法直接接触现实)与下文内容一致,符合语境。reality是关键词;A项中的“have direct access to reality”与下文中的“experiencing reality”对应。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.crash v./n.碰撞;崩溃;破产;失败
2.extinction n.灭绝 3.grasp v.掌握,理解,领会;抓紧n.理解(力),领会;紧抓 4.emerge from...产生于……;从……中露出来 5.be shaped by...受……影响
6.have access to...接近……,有机会…… 7.be caught in...陷于……,被困在……中
【熟词生义】 academic n.高校教师,高校科研人员
【差距词汇】 haunt v.萦绕于脑际,难以忘却;长期不断地缠扰
长难句 原句 Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can’t make a getaway.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为祈使句。Imagine后为 that引导的宾语从句。其中,as引导时间状语从句;“who built the plane”为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the engineers; tell you后面是第一个and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,第一个and前的宾语从句省略了引导词that,chance后的that引导同位语从句,解释说明chance的内容。
译文 想象一下:当你正要登上飞机时,建造飞机的工程师有一半人告诉你飞机有10%的可能会坠机,并且你和飞机上的其他所有人都无法逃生。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。1991年,德国登山者在阿尔卑斯雪山上意外地发现了被冰封了几千年的冰人奥茨。
1.B 根据本段中的“two German tourists were hiking...”可知,当两位德国登山者徒步旅行时,注意到了突出冰面的某样东西。根据语境可知,此处指他们沿路行进,故选B。A.指向;C.闯入,突然开始做。
2.D 由第二段中的“Removing a frozen body from the ice...”可知,此处指登山者注意到了突出冰(ice)面的东西。故选D。
3.A 根据本段中的“they discovered”及下一段中的“the man’s body”可知,此处指他们进行了进一步的检查(examination),从而发现突出来的究竟是什么。故选A。
4.C 根据下一段中的“Removing a frozen body”“the man’s body”可知登山者发现突出来的其实是尸体的一部分(part)。故选C。A.迹象;B.表面。
5.D 根据本段中的“They took a picture”“their discovery to the authorities”可推知,此处指他们拍了照后,向当局报告(reported)了该发现。故选D。A.不予考虑; B.运输;C.比较。
6.D 根据本段中的“Removing a frozen body from the ice at over 3,200 metres above sea level...”以及“Bad weather and...made the job even more difficult.”可知,此处指将一具冰封的尸体从海拔3,200米的地方移走并不简单(easy)。故选D。
7.C 由“恶劣的天气再加上 7 合适的挖掘设备使这项工作难上加难。”可知,a shortage of(缺少)符合语境,故选C。a combination of意为“……的结合体”;a waste of意为“……的浪费”;a piece of意为“一块,一片”。
8.D 根据本段中的“Removing a frozen body”和“After four days of trying, the man’s body was finally 8 and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck.”可知,他们是要把尸体移开(removed),送往法医研究所。故选D。A.放弃,抛弃;B.认出,认可;C.营救。
9.A 根据本段中的“archaeologists”“between 3350 BCE and 3100 BCE”和“people didn’t live very long then”可知,此处指冰人奥茨大约生活(lived)在公元前3350年到公元前3100年这段时期内。故选A。B.打仗,搏斗,竞争;C.探索,勘察;D.打猎,搜索。
10.C 根据本段中的“people didn’t live very long then”可知,冰人奥茨在那个时代算上了年纪的(old),因为那时人们的寿命普遍不是很长。故选C。
11.B 分析上下文的逻辑关系可知,空后所说的“那时人们的寿命都不是很长”是空前所说的“那在石器时代算上了年纪的”的原因。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“Before Otzi,archaeologists thought that copper didn’t arrive in Europe until 2000 BCE. However, Otzi was 13 a copper axe 1,300 years earlier.”及“These things showed that people at that time possessed technology that was more 15 than previously thought.”可知,冰人奥茨改变(changed)了人们对石器时代的认识。故选C。A.提出;B.塑造;D.支持。
13.A 根据本段内容可知,在冰人出现之前,考古学家认为直到公元前2000年欧洲才有铜器,但是冰人奥茨携带着一把比公元前2000年要早1,300年的铜斧。根据“He was also carrying a bow and arrows, a knife and some wooden tools.”中的carrying可知此处指“携带(carrying)”。故选A。B.选择;C.埋葬;D.包装。
14.B 由“he was 14 warm clothes, with a waterproof cloak and leather boots”可知,B项(穿着)符合语境,此处指冰人奥茨穿着保暖的衣服,披着防水的斗篷,穿着皮靴。故选B。
15.A 根据本段中对冰人奥茨的装备和衣着的描述以及他改变了人们对石器时代的认识可知,此处指那个时代的技术比人们以前认为的要更先进(advanced)。故选A。B.有益的;C.有利润的;D.标准的。
【高频词汇】 1.frozen adj.冻僵的;冷冻的 2.possess v.拥有
【差距词汇】 1.waterproof adj.防水的,不透水的
2.leather n.皮革
长难句 原句 These things showed that people at that time possessed technology that was more advanced than previously thought.
分析 该句为主从复合句。showed后是第一个that引导的宾语从句,作showed的宾语;“that was more advanced than previously thought”是第三个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词technology。
译文 这些物品表明,当时的人们拥有的技术比它以前被认为的要更先进。
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