2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 5 五年高考练
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 5 五年高考练 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1023.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 15:16:40 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
五年高考练
阅读理解
A
(2023浙江1月,C)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
词汇积累1.outperform v.超过,胜过 2.specify v.具体说明;明确规定
1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
2.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences.
3.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
B
(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
词汇积累1.on time performance准点表现度 2.across the board整体,全面
5.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones. D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
6.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
7.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
五年高考练
A
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序“Project Debater”以及它明显的缺陷——无法理解意义,说明了社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.”可知Project Debater可以打败人类对手,甚至包括以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia,此处显示出它的聪明程度。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.”可知,作者表明这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误,而这些错误无疑会被消除。因此Such wrinkles指的是上文中的“the kinds of errors”。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知,Project Debater并没有具体说明那些符号的意思,事实上对计算机来说,意义是无关紧要的。所以Project Debater不能理解意义。
4.A 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.”可知,意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的,而不是计算过程,这些互动过程塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容,这也是人类与计算机的不同之处。
长难句 原句1 What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.
分析 “What Hammond is referring to”为主语从句,“what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines”为宾语从句。refer to 意为“提及,指的是”, distinguish...from...意为“区分……和……”。
译文 Hammond指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。
原句2 And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
分析 why引导表语从句,however引导让步状语从句,第二个that引导定语从句。
译文 那就是为什么,无论Project Debater看起来多么令人惊讶,始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统都不会以人工智能结束。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人机在铁路安全运输领域的重要作用。应用当今的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠运行的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
5.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使无人机在铁路线的应用成为可能 A.使用无人机检查电线;B.无人机在高海拔工作的能力;C.无人机设计成本的降低;D.无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能。根据第二段前两句“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines...(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们可以做完全相同的事情来检查铁路线路……)”。可知答案为A项。
6.C 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段画线的“maintenance”指代什么内容 A.人员的安全;B.来自无人机的协助;C.检查和修理;D.基础设施建设。根据第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元,其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”所以,maintenance包括对铁路基础设施的检查与维修。可知答案为C项。
7.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:铁路无人机预计有什么功能 A.提供预先警报;B.使火车自动运行;C.为铁路员工赚取利润;D.加速运输。根据第四段第一句“By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.(通过使用最新的技术,无人机还可以为铁路提供更高价值的服务,在铁轨或铁路的转辙器引发任何安全问题之前就能检测到故障。)”可知答案为A项。
8.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:哪一项最适合作文章标题 A.无人机可以检测到哪些故障;B.如何扩大无人机生产;C.无人机发展将面临什么困难;D.无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。纵观全文,梳理文章结构:第一段通过设问引出话题:无人机在铁路领域的运用;第二段分析将无人机运用于该领域的可行性;第三、四段介绍应用后的好处。由此可知答案为D项。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
五年高考练
阅读理解
A
(2023浙江1月,C)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
词汇积累1.outperform v.超过,胜过 2.specify v.具体说明;明确规定
1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
2.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences.
3.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
B
(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
词汇积累1.on time performance准点表现度 2.across the board整体,全面
5.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones. D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
6.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
7.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
五年高考练
A
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序“Project Debater”以及它明显的缺陷——无法理解意义,说明了社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.”可知Project Debater可以打败人类对手,甚至包括以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia,此处显示出它的聪明程度。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.”可知,作者表明这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误,而这些错误无疑会被消除。因此Such wrinkles指的是上文中的“the kinds of errors”。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知,Project Debater并没有具体说明那些符号的意思,事实上对计算机来说,意义是无关紧要的。所以Project Debater不能理解意义。
4.A 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.”可知,意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的,而不是计算过程,这些互动过程塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容,这也是人类与计算机的不同之处。
长难句 原句1 What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.
分析 “What Hammond is referring to”为主语从句,“what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines”为宾语从句。refer to 意为“提及,指的是”, distinguish...from...意为“区分……和……”。
译文 Hammond指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。
原句2 And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
分析 why引导表语从句,however引导让步状语从句,第二个that引导定语从句。
译文 那就是为什么,无论Project Debater看起来多么令人惊讶,始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统都不会以人工智能结束。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人机在铁路安全运输领域的重要作用。应用当今的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠运行的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
5.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使无人机在铁路线的应用成为可能 A.使用无人机检查电线;B.无人机在高海拔工作的能力;C.无人机设计成本的降低;D.无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能。根据第二段前两句“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines...(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们可以做完全相同的事情来检查铁路线路……)”。可知答案为A项。
6.C 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段画线的“maintenance”指代什么内容 A.人员的安全;B.来自无人机的协助;C.检查和修理;D.基础设施建设。根据第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元,其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”所以,maintenance包括对铁路基础设施的检查与维修。可知答案为C项。
7.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:铁路无人机预计有什么功能 A.提供预先警报;B.使火车自动运行;C.为铁路员工赚取利润;D.加速运输。根据第四段第一句“By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.(通过使用最新的技术,无人机还可以为铁路提供更高价值的服务,在铁轨或铁路的转辙器引发任何安全问题之前就能检测到故障。)”可知答案为A项。
8.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:哪一项最适合作文章标题 A.无人机可以检测到哪些故障;B.如何扩大无人机生产;C.无人机发展将面临什么困难;D.无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。纵观全文,梳理文章结构:第一段通过设问引出话题:无人机在铁路领域的运用;第二段分析将无人机运用于该领域的可行性;第三、四段介绍应用后的好处。由此可知答案为D项。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)