2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 6 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The captain cares about the safety of both the (全体工作人员) members and the passengers on each voyage.
2. At the time, I thought it normal and (平常的), so I didn’t pay much attention to it.
3.The pain was so bad that she (尖叫) aloud, making all the people present stare at her suddenly.
4.The lunar eclipse (月食) occurs when the earth’s s falls on the moon and astronomy enthusiasts are looking forward to this moment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Art experts have appealed for the (suspend) of the plans to restore one of the famous painter’s most celebrated paintings.
2.When you receive gratitude from someone after doing a good deed, you will (instantaneous) feel better.
3.This will help you accustom yourself a routine for sleeping, which can make your sleep at night a bit deeper.
4.Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember that you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach the stars to change the world.
5.The ancient people who were successful, not only had (exception) talent but also had an unflinching will.
6.He doubted he would learn anything new from his sister and make progress in such a short time.
Ⅲ.选词填空
set foot on; take off; tune in to; turn into; call to
Last night, my grandpa 1. his favourite TV programme about nature. In this televised documentary, journalists 2. a piece of new land and discovered the wonderful scenery. This place, which used to be abandoned farmland, has been 3. a beautiful nature reserve since its rediscovery. And it 4. among tourists for its notable beauty and value recently. The restoration of the conservation area 5. us, reminding us to have the awareness of environmental protection.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.母亲的去世给她的童年蒙上了阴影,使她花了很长时间来恢复。
Her mother’s death her childhood, which took her a long time to recover.(读后续写—心理描写)
2.让学生自主选择学习伙伴有助于他们在练习英语时迅速适应与彼此交流。(accustomed)
Allowing students to choose their own study partners helps them quickly when practicing English.(2023全国新高考Ⅰ写作)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969. 1 had once been considered impossible had been achieved. 2 (follow) the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 3 (tragic), the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, which cast a shadow 4 people’s hearts. After the disaster, space shuttle flights 5 (suspend) while the cause of the disaster was investigated. However, there was no doubt that manned 6 (flight) would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the 7 (success) launch of Discovery. Now, it 8 (be) over 30 years since the 9 (lose) of the Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger is a call and a reminder that we must continue to explore the stars, no matter 10 distant they might seem.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023浙江名校协作体开学考试)
The Moon is attracting much attention these days with NASA’s successful launch of Artemis 1 and preparation for more to follow. The mission objectives are clear:develop a sustainable presence on its surface and pave the way for going to Mars.
And then what What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.
First off there’s Venus, a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂), with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere. Something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago, and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there.
At the other end are the gas giants. Several of the satellites of Jupiter(木星) and Saturn(土星) are covered in thick sheets of ice, and underneath that ice sit oceans of liquid water. NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any sign of possible life hidden deep within.
As for us humans, Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades. If we have adequate drive and funds, we can establish a semi permanent presence on the red planet, keeping crews working and studying in person on the Martian surface. The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.
Over the coming decades humans expect to see a rise of “space hotels”, set up for visiting tourists and scientific exploration. Naturally, turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity, but in my estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.
1.What does the underlined word “quest” probably mean in the second paragraph
A.Question. B.Explanation. C.Request. D.Search.
2.Which is the least likely to be explored in the next decades according to the passage
A.Mars. B.Mercury. C.Venus. D.The gas giant.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the “space hotels”
A.Ambiguous. B.Critical. C.Hopeful. D.Indifferent.
4.What’s the passage mainly about
A.The launch of Artemis 1. B.The secrets of the solar system.
C.The missions of NASA. D.The areas of the future universe exploration.
B
(2023天津红桥区期末)
Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang’e. It’s a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is so popular that people can’t hear the word Chang’e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24 year old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “front line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, a 24 year old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China’s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e 5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, the position described as a key role.
In the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini”, she is called “Big Sister” for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space which can accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
5.Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang’e at the beginning of the passage
A.To tell a romantic story. B.To spread Chinese culture.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To give an example.
6.What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace
A.Her youth and beauty. B.Her pictures on the media.
C.Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group. D.Her performance in the moon landing program.
7.Why did Ms Zhou reject the media’s invitation to interviews
A.Because she is too shy. B.Because she was not available.
C.Because she is devoted to work. D.Because she hates being famous.
8.What can we learn from Ms Zhou’s story
A.Attitude is altitude. B.The early bird catches the worm.
C.Many hands make light work. D.Diligence makes up for inability.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2022江苏苏州联考)
Exoplanets: The Hunt Is On
Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have indicated that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. 1 However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades.
In 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small part of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. 2
Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 3 For example, as an exoplanet circles a star, the star pulls it and causes it to shake. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. Measuring these slight changes is another method of discovering exoplanets. 4 When an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. By measuring this drop, NASA’s Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets.
5 As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!
A.It is one of the most productive methods.
B.Therefore, scientists use indirect methods.
C.These are just two examples of the methods scientists use.
D.Even so, scientists have confirmed more than 3,500 exoplanets.
E.Astronomers have received signals indicating the presence of a planet.
F.Direct observation of the exoplanets is becoming increasingly possible.
G.The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.crew 2.unexceptional 3.screamed 4.shadow
Ⅱ.1.suspension 考查名词。句意:艺术专家呼吁暂停修复这位著名画家最有名的画作之一的计划。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词作appealed for的宾语;由语境可知设空处表示“暂停”,故填suspension。
2.instantaneously 考查副词。句意:当你在做好事之后收获别人的感激时,你瞬间会感觉更好。此处修饰动词feel,应用副词作状语。故填instantaneously。
3.to 考查介词。句意:这将有助于你习惯按时睡觉,能让你在夜里睡得更熟。accustom oneself to sth.意为“使某人自己习惯于某事”。故填to。
4.for 考查介词。句意:每一个伟大的梦想都始于一位梦想家,要永远记得,你有力量、有耐心、有热情去触及星辰,改变世界。reach for the stars 意为“有摘星之志,有崇高的目标, 雄心勃勃”。
5.exceptional 考查形容词。句意:古之立大事者,不惟有超世之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。talent是名词,应用形容词修饰。此处表示“非凡的;杰出的;卓越的”,故填exceptional。
6.whether/if 考查连词。句意:他怀疑自己是否能从他的姐姐那里学到什么新东西,在那么短的时间内取得进步。句中doubted作谓语,后接宾语从句,主句为肯定句,应用whether或if引导宾语从句。
Ⅲ.1.tuned in to 2.set foot on 3.turned into 4.has taken off 5.calls to
Ⅳ.1.cast a shadow on/over 2.become/be/get/grow accustomed to communicating with each other
类比启发 表示“习惯于……”的短语除了become/be/grow/get accustomed to...之外还有be/get used to...、be in the habit of...。注意这些短语中的to都是介词,后接动词时要用v ing形式。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.What 考查名词性从句。句意:曾经被认为不可能的事情已经实现了。“ 1 had once been considered impossible”是设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在从句中作主语,表示“……的事情”,故填What。
2.Following 考查现在分词。句意:登月之后,太空旅行对公众来说迅速变得平常。句中已有谓语动词became,设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语,且follow与其逻辑主语space travel之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。
3.Tragically 考查副词。设空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“悲惨的是”,故填Tragically。
4.on/over 考查介词。cast a shadow on/over...意为“给……蒙上阴影”。
5.were suspended 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:灾难发生后,航天飞机航行被暂停了,同时(相关人员)调查了这次灾难的原因。根据语境及空后的was可知此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语space shuttle flights与suspend之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数形式,故填were suspended。
6.flights 考查名词复数。“that manned 6 would continue”为that引导的同位语从句,设空处为该从句的主语且由空前的manned修饰,应用名词;flight是可数名词且空前没有冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。
7.successful 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词launch,应用形容词作定语,表示“成功的”,故填successful。
8.has been/is 考查时态及主谓一致。由“since the 9 of the Challenger”并结合语境可以判断,此处用现在完成时或一般现在时,构成句型“It has been/is+时间段+since...”,意为“自从……以来已经多久了”。故填has been或is。
9.loss 考查名词。由设空处前面的定冠词the及后面的介词of可以判断此处应用名词。lose的名词形式是loss。
10.how 考查状语从句。句意:“挑战者”号的牺牲呼吁并提醒我们必须继续探索星球,无论它们看起来可能有多遥远。“no matter 10 distant they might seem”为“no matter+wh 疑问词”引导的让步状语从句,此处表示“无论多么……”,故填how。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了未来探索太阳系的几个方向。
1.D 词义猜测题。文章第一段谈到了美国国家航空航天局(NASA)最近的太空任务,由下一段第一句“And then what ”可知下一段接着说太空探索这个话题。结合第二段中的“humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe”和“When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.(说到在不久的将来的科学探索,太阳系有几个领域将会受到一些特别关注)”可知,此处是指对宇宙奥秘的探索。分析选项可知,D项(寻求,探求,搜寻)最符合文意。故选D。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.(我们的太阳系中的其他行星对人们来说不是那么适合定居。水星离太阳太近,不会舒适,而且离地球太远)”可知,水星不适合人们居住。由此可知水星是未来几十年最不可能被探索的。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Naturally, turning...but in my estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.(当然,考虑到我们目前的技术成熟水平,把太空岩石变成人类的栖息地并不太现实,但我认为,这是接下来最容易完成的事情,当然是在探索月球和火星之后)”,尤其是其中的but可知作者的态度主要是在but后边的内容上体现,结合“the next easiest thing to accomplish”可知,作者对“太空旅馆”的态度是积极、正面的。A.不明确的,模棱两可的;B.批评的,批判性的;C.满怀希望的;D.漠不关心的。分析选项可知C项最符合语境,故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章第二段提到,当谈到不久的将来的科学探索时,太阳系的一些区域将受到一些特别的关注,再结合下文对未来要探索的行星如金星、气态巨行星、火星等的描述可知,文章主要讲未来宇宙探索的领域。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.pave the way (for...)(为……)铺平道路,(为……)创造条件 2.exploration n.勘探,探索
3.atmosphere n.大气层;氛围 4.schedule v.安排
5.adequate adj.足够的 6.habitat n.栖息地
7.accomplish v.完成
【熟词生义】 drive n.冲劲,干劲
长难句 原句 NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any sign of possible life hidden deep within.
分析 本句为简单句。“has missions planned”为“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,意为“使任务被计划”;“to investigate those mysterious worlds”为不定式短语作目的状语;“hunting for...deep within”为现在分词短语作状语,其中“hidden deep within”为过去分词短语作定语。
译文 美国国家航空航天局计划了一些任务来调查那些神秘的世界,寻找深藏在其中的任何可能的生命迹象。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了参与嫦娥五号月球探测计划的年轻女指挥官周女士的个人经历以及取得的成就。
5.C 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了神话中嫦娥奔月的故事,还提到“嫦娥”一词总是让人们联想到浪漫的月亮女神形象,第二段第一句说“因此,中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象”,由此引出了下文对周女士的介绍。由此可推知,作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入介绍中国年轻的探月女指挥官周女士这一主题。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Therefore, pictures of a 24 year old female space commander...can look up to.(因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的‘航天领域的一线战士’)”可知,周女士在登月计划中的表现让人们认为她是航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.(据媒体报道,她拒绝了多次采访请求,因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作)”可知,周女士拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她要致力于工作,故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到从高中开始,她就梦想着成为太空研究团队的一员;在她的努力下,2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业,实现了她的航空梦;为了成长为一名指挥官,她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位,熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型;在一个没有空调、只能容纳三人的狭小的工作空间里,她工作了60天,直到完成“长征五号火箭绕行”战役。由此可推知,周女士坚持自己的梦想,不懈努力,勇于挑战,是积极的态度成就了她现在的成功。因此,我们能从周女士的故事中学到的是“态度决定高度”的道理。故选A。B.早起的鸟儿有虫吃;C.众人拾柴火焰高;D.勤能补拙。
易错归因 本题易错选B项。 B项说明勤奋的人会有好的回报,而文章倒数第二段中除了提到周女士的勤奋,还提到了她勇于接受挑战等方面,强调的是她从高中开始就一以贯之的积极上进态度,是这种态度让她坚持下去,决定了她成就的高度。B项概括地不够全面,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.commander n.指挥官 2.look up to尊敬,仰慕 3.launch n.发射;发起;上市v.发射;发起,发动;上市,发行 4.in charge of负责 5.domestic adj.国内的 6.multiple adj.多种多样的,数量多的
7.accommodate v.容纳;为……提供住宿 8.decline v.拒绝 9.get in the way of妨碍
【差距词汇】 1.mythological adj.神话的 2.immorality n.不道德 3.aerospace n.航空航天(工业) 4.the lunar probe月球探测器
长难句 原句 Therefore, pictures of a 24 year old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “front line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“pictures of a 24 year old female space commander”为主句的主语,have gone为谓语动词;“for her work on...programme”为介词短语作原因状语;“with comments about...look up to”为介词短语作状语;“how she is...look up to”为how引导的宾语从句,其中,“that young Chinese can look up to”为that引导的定语从句,修饰that前引号中的内容。
译文 因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的“航天领域的一线战士”。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。几个世纪以来,科学家和自然哲学家已经指出,夜空中的恒星有类似于我们的太阳系的行星系。文章主要介绍了科学家发现外行星的一些方法。
1.G 细节句。上文提出科学家和自然哲学家指出夜空中的恒星有类似于我们自己的太阳系的行星系已经有几个世纪了,下文说我们在过去几十年里才开发出证明它们存在的技术,结合选项可知G项(太阳系外行星或外行星的存在问题已经讨论很久了)与下文形成转折关系,表明虽然这个问题已经讨论了很久,但直到最近几十年才开发出证明它们存在的技术,逻辑连贯,符合语境。G项中的existence对应下文中的existence。故选G。
2.D 细节句。根据上文“So far, only a small part of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored.”可知,上文提到了人类对银河系的探索情况,设空处为本段最后一句,应承接上文;结合选项可知D项(即便如此,科学家已经确认了超过3,500颗外行星)符合语境,说明科学家的探索结果。故选D。
3.B 过渡句。根据上文“Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars,it is very difficult to see them directly.”可知,上文提到很难直接看到外行星。根据下文“For example, as an exoplanet circles a star, the star pulls it and causes it to shake. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. Measuring these slight changes is another method of discovering exoplanets.”可知下文介绍了其他检测外行星的方法。结合选项可知B项(因此,科学家使用间接的方法)承接上文,说明很难直接看到外行星的结果,即使用间接方法,同时引出下文对间接方法的介绍,承上启下,符合语境。B项中的indirect与上文中的directly形成对比。故选B。
4.A 细节句。上文提到了一种发现外行星的方法,根据下文“When an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. By measuring this drop, NASA’s Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets.”可知美国国家航空航天局通过这种办法发现了许多外行星,可见这一办法非常有效。结合选项可知A项(这是最有成效的方法之一)符合语境,故选A。
5.C 过渡句。根据下文“As time progresses and technology improves,who knows what else we may find!”和上文中介绍的两种科学家发现外行星的办法并结合选项可知,C项(这些只是科学家使用的方法的两个例子)总结上文介绍的两种方法,同时引出下文提到的除了这两个例子之外的情况,承上启下,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.existence n.存在;生存 2.productive adj.多产的;富有成效的 3.confirm v.确认,证实
【熟词生义】 progress v.推移,流逝
【差距词汇】 1.exoplanet n.太阳系外行星,外行星
2.outnumber v.在数量上超过,比……多 3.planetary adj.行星的
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The captain cares about the safety of both the (全体工作人员) members and the passengers on each voyage.
2. At the time, I thought it normal and (平常的), so I didn’t pay much attention to it.
3.The pain was so bad that she (尖叫) aloud, making all the people present stare at her suddenly.
4.The lunar eclipse (月食) occurs when the earth’s s falls on the moon and astronomy enthusiasts are looking forward to this moment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Art experts have appealed for the (suspend) of the plans to restore one of the famous painter’s most celebrated paintings.
2.When you receive gratitude from someone after doing a good deed, you will (instantaneous) feel better.
3.This will help you accustom yourself a routine for sleeping, which can make your sleep at night a bit deeper.
4.Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember that you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach the stars to change the world.
5.The ancient people who were successful, not only had (exception) talent but also had an unflinching will.
6.He doubted he would learn anything new from his sister and make progress in such a short time.
Ⅲ.选词填空
set foot on; take off; tune in to; turn into; call to
Last night, my grandpa 1. his favourite TV programme about nature. In this televised documentary, journalists 2. a piece of new land and discovered the wonderful scenery. This place, which used to be abandoned farmland, has been 3. a beautiful nature reserve since its rediscovery. And it 4. among tourists for its notable beauty and value recently. The restoration of the conservation area 5. us, reminding us to have the awareness of environmental protection.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.母亲的去世给她的童年蒙上了阴影,使她花了很长时间来恢复。
Her mother’s death her childhood, which took her a long time to recover.(读后续写—心理描写)
2.让学生自主选择学习伙伴有助于他们在练习英语时迅速适应与彼此交流。(accustomed)
Allowing students to choose their own study partners helps them quickly when practicing English.(2023全国新高考Ⅰ写作)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969. 1 had once been considered impossible had been achieved. 2 (follow) the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 3 (tragic), the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, which cast a shadow 4 people’s hearts. After the disaster, space shuttle flights 5 (suspend) while the cause of the disaster was investigated. However, there was no doubt that manned 6 (flight) would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the 7 (success) launch of Discovery. Now, it 8 (be) over 30 years since the 9 (lose) of the Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger is a call and a reminder that we must continue to explore the stars, no matter 10 distant they might seem.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023浙江名校协作体开学考试)
The Moon is attracting much attention these days with NASA’s successful launch of Artemis 1 and preparation for more to follow. The mission objectives are clear:develop a sustainable presence on its surface and pave the way for going to Mars.
And then what What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.
First off there’s Venus, a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂), with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere. Something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago, and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there.
At the other end are the gas giants. Several of the satellites of Jupiter(木星) and Saturn(土星) are covered in thick sheets of ice, and underneath that ice sit oceans of liquid water. NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any sign of possible life hidden deep within.
As for us humans, Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades. If we have adequate drive and funds, we can establish a semi permanent presence on the red planet, keeping crews working and studying in person on the Martian surface. The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.
Over the coming decades humans expect to see a rise of “space hotels”, set up for visiting tourists and scientific exploration. Naturally, turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity, but in my estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.
1.What does the underlined word “quest” probably mean in the second paragraph
A.Question. B.Explanation. C.Request. D.Search.
2.Which is the least likely to be explored in the next decades according to the passage
A.Mars. B.Mercury. C.Venus. D.The gas giant.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the “space hotels”
A.Ambiguous. B.Critical. C.Hopeful. D.Indifferent.
4.What’s the passage mainly about
A.The launch of Artemis 1. B.The secrets of the solar system.
C.The missions of NASA. D.The areas of the future universe exploration.
B
(2023天津红桥区期末)
Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang’e. It’s a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is so popular that people can’t hear the word Chang’e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24 year old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “front line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, a 24 year old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China’s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e 5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, the position described as a key role.
In the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini”, she is called “Big Sister” for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space which can accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
5.Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang’e at the beginning of the passage
A.To tell a romantic story. B.To spread Chinese culture.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To give an example.
6.What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace
A.Her youth and beauty. B.Her pictures on the media.
C.Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group. D.Her performance in the moon landing program.
7.Why did Ms Zhou reject the media’s invitation to interviews
A.Because she is too shy. B.Because she was not available.
C.Because she is devoted to work. D.Because she hates being famous.
8.What can we learn from Ms Zhou’s story
A.Attitude is altitude. B.The early bird catches the worm.
C.Many hands make light work. D.Diligence makes up for inability.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2022江苏苏州联考)
Exoplanets: The Hunt Is On
Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have indicated that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. 1 However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades.
In 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small part of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. 2
Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 3 For example, as an exoplanet circles a star, the star pulls it and causes it to shake. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. Measuring these slight changes is another method of discovering exoplanets. 4 When an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. By measuring this drop, NASA’s Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets.
5 As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!
A.It is one of the most productive methods.
B.Therefore, scientists use indirect methods.
C.These are just two examples of the methods scientists use.
D.Even so, scientists have confirmed more than 3,500 exoplanets.
E.Astronomers have received signals indicating the presence of a planet.
F.Direct observation of the exoplanets is becoming increasingly possible.
G.The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.crew 2.unexceptional 3.screamed 4.shadow
Ⅱ.1.suspension 考查名词。句意:艺术专家呼吁暂停修复这位著名画家最有名的画作之一的计划。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词作appealed for的宾语;由语境可知设空处表示“暂停”,故填suspension。
2.instantaneously 考查副词。句意:当你在做好事之后收获别人的感激时,你瞬间会感觉更好。此处修饰动词feel,应用副词作状语。故填instantaneously。
3.to 考查介词。句意:这将有助于你习惯按时睡觉,能让你在夜里睡得更熟。accustom oneself to sth.意为“使某人自己习惯于某事”。故填to。
4.for 考查介词。句意:每一个伟大的梦想都始于一位梦想家,要永远记得,你有力量、有耐心、有热情去触及星辰,改变世界。reach for the stars 意为“有摘星之志,有崇高的目标, 雄心勃勃”。
5.exceptional 考查形容词。句意:古之立大事者,不惟有超世之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。talent是名词,应用形容词修饰。此处表示“非凡的;杰出的;卓越的”,故填exceptional。
6.whether/if 考查连词。句意:他怀疑自己是否能从他的姐姐那里学到什么新东西,在那么短的时间内取得进步。句中doubted作谓语,后接宾语从句,主句为肯定句,应用whether或if引导宾语从句。
Ⅲ.1.tuned in to 2.set foot on 3.turned into 4.has taken off 5.calls to
Ⅳ.1.cast a shadow on/over 2.become/be/get/grow accustomed to communicating with each other
类比启发 表示“习惯于……”的短语除了become/be/grow/get accustomed to...之外还有be/get used to...、be in the habit of...。注意这些短语中的to都是介词,后接动词时要用v ing形式。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.What 考查名词性从句。句意:曾经被认为不可能的事情已经实现了。“ 1 had once been considered impossible”是设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在从句中作主语,表示“……的事情”,故填What。
2.Following 考查现在分词。句意:登月之后,太空旅行对公众来说迅速变得平常。句中已有谓语动词became,设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语,且follow与其逻辑主语space travel之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。
3.Tragically 考查副词。设空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“悲惨的是”,故填Tragically。
4.on/over 考查介词。cast a shadow on/over...意为“给……蒙上阴影”。
5.were suspended 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:灾难发生后,航天飞机航行被暂停了,同时(相关人员)调查了这次灾难的原因。根据语境及空后的was可知此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语space shuttle flights与suspend之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数形式,故填were suspended。
6.flights 考查名词复数。“that manned 6 would continue”为that引导的同位语从句,设空处为该从句的主语且由空前的manned修饰,应用名词;flight是可数名词且空前没有冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。
7.successful 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词launch,应用形容词作定语,表示“成功的”,故填successful。
8.has been/is 考查时态及主谓一致。由“since the 9 of the Challenger”并结合语境可以判断,此处用现在完成时或一般现在时,构成句型“It has been/is+时间段+since...”,意为“自从……以来已经多久了”。故填has been或is。
9.loss 考查名词。由设空处前面的定冠词the及后面的介词of可以判断此处应用名词。lose的名词形式是loss。
10.how 考查状语从句。句意:“挑战者”号的牺牲呼吁并提醒我们必须继续探索星球,无论它们看起来可能有多遥远。“no matter 10 distant they might seem”为“no matter+wh 疑问词”引导的让步状语从句,此处表示“无论多么……”,故填how。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了未来探索太阳系的几个方向。
1.D 词义猜测题。文章第一段谈到了美国国家航空航天局(NASA)最近的太空任务,由下一段第一句“And then what ”可知下一段接着说太空探索这个话题。结合第二段中的“humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe”和“When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.(说到在不久的将来的科学探索,太阳系有几个领域将会受到一些特别关注)”可知,此处是指对宇宙奥秘的探索。分析选项可知,D项(寻求,探求,搜寻)最符合文意。故选D。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.(我们的太阳系中的其他行星对人们来说不是那么适合定居。水星离太阳太近,不会舒适,而且离地球太远)”可知,水星不适合人们居住。由此可知水星是未来几十年最不可能被探索的。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Naturally, turning...but in my estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.(当然,考虑到我们目前的技术成熟水平,把太空岩石变成人类的栖息地并不太现实,但我认为,这是接下来最容易完成的事情,当然是在探索月球和火星之后)”,尤其是其中的but可知作者的态度主要是在but后边的内容上体现,结合“the next easiest thing to accomplish”可知,作者对“太空旅馆”的态度是积极、正面的。A.不明确的,模棱两可的;B.批评的,批判性的;C.满怀希望的;D.漠不关心的。分析选项可知C项最符合语境,故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章第二段提到,当谈到不久的将来的科学探索时,太阳系的一些区域将受到一些特别的关注,再结合下文对未来要探索的行星如金星、气态巨行星、火星等的描述可知,文章主要讲未来宇宙探索的领域。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.pave the way (for...)(为……)铺平道路,(为……)创造条件 2.exploration n.勘探,探索
3.atmosphere n.大气层;氛围 4.schedule v.安排
5.adequate adj.足够的 6.habitat n.栖息地
7.accomplish v.完成
【熟词生义】 drive n.冲劲,干劲
长难句 原句 NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any sign of possible life hidden deep within.
分析 本句为简单句。“has missions planned”为“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,意为“使任务被计划”;“to investigate those mysterious worlds”为不定式短语作目的状语;“hunting for...deep within”为现在分词短语作状语,其中“hidden deep within”为过去分词短语作定语。
译文 美国国家航空航天局计划了一些任务来调查那些神秘的世界,寻找深藏在其中的任何可能的生命迹象。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了参与嫦娥五号月球探测计划的年轻女指挥官周女士的个人经历以及取得的成就。
5.C 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了神话中嫦娥奔月的故事,还提到“嫦娥”一词总是让人们联想到浪漫的月亮女神形象,第二段第一句说“因此,中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象”,由此引出了下文对周女士的介绍。由此可推知,作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入介绍中国年轻的探月女指挥官周女士这一主题。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Therefore, pictures of a 24 year old female space commander...can look up to.(因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的‘航天领域的一线战士’)”可知,周女士在登月计划中的表现让人们认为她是航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.(据媒体报道,她拒绝了多次采访请求,因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作)”可知,周女士拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她要致力于工作,故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到从高中开始,她就梦想着成为太空研究团队的一员;在她的努力下,2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业,实现了她的航空梦;为了成长为一名指挥官,她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位,熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型;在一个没有空调、只能容纳三人的狭小的工作空间里,她工作了60天,直到完成“长征五号火箭绕行”战役。由此可推知,周女士坚持自己的梦想,不懈努力,勇于挑战,是积极的态度成就了她现在的成功。因此,我们能从周女士的故事中学到的是“态度决定高度”的道理。故选A。B.早起的鸟儿有虫吃;C.众人拾柴火焰高;D.勤能补拙。
易错归因 本题易错选B项。 B项说明勤奋的人会有好的回报,而文章倒数第二段中除了提到周女士的勤奋,还提到了她勇于接受挑战等方面,强调的是她从高中开始就一以贯之的积极上进态度,是这种态度让她坚持下去,决定了她成就的高度。B项概括地不够全面,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.commander n.指挥官 2.look up to尊敬,仰慕 3.launch n.发射;发起;上市v.发射;发起,发动;上市,发行 4.in charge of负责 5.domestic adj.国内的 6.multiple adj.多种多样的,数量多的
7.accommodate v.容纳;为……提供住宿 8.decline v.拒绝 9.get in the way of妨碍
【差距词汇】 1.mythological adj.神话的 2.immorality n.不道德 3.aerospace n.航空航天(工业) 4.the lunar probe月球探测器
长难句 原句 Therefore, pictures of a 24 year old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “front line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“pictures of a 24 year old female space commander”为主句的主语,have gone为谓语动词;“for her work on...programme”为介词短语作原因状语;“with comments about...look up to”为介词短语作状语;“how she is...look up to”为how引导的宾语从句,其中,“that young Chinese can look up to”为that引导的定语从句,修饰that前引号中的内容。
译文 因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的“航天领域的一线战士”。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。几个世纪以来,科学家和自然哲学家已经指出,夜空中的恒星有类似于我们的太阳系的行星系。文章主要介绍了科学家发现外行星的一些方法。
1.G 细节句。上文提出科学家和自然哲学家指出夜空中的恒星有类似于我们自己的太阳系的行星系已经有几个世纪了,下文说我们在过去几十年里才开发出证明它们存在的技术,结合选项可知G项(太阳系外行星或外行星的存在问题已经讨论很久了)与下文形成转折关系,表明虽然这个问题已经讨论了很久,但直到最近几十年才开发出证明它们存在的技术,逻辑连贯,符合语境。G项中的existence对应下文中的existence。故选G。
2.D 细节句。根据上文“So far, only a small part of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored.”可知,上文提到了人类对银河系的探索情况,设空处为本段最后一句,应承接上文;结合选项可知D项(即便如此,科学家已经确认了超过3,500颗外行星)符合语境,说明科学家的探索结果。故选D。
3.B 过渡句。根据上文“Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars,it is very difficult to see them directly.”可知,上文提到很难直接看到外行星。根据下文“For example, as an exoplanet circles a star, the star pulls it and causes it to shake. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. Measuring these slight changes is another method of discovering exoplanets.”可知下文介绍了其他检测外行星的方法。结合选项可知B项(因此,科学家使用间接的方法)承接上文,说明很难直接看到外行星的结果,即使用间接方法,同时引出下文对间接方法的介绍,承上启下,符合语境。B项中的indirect与上文中的directly形成对比。故选B。
4.A 细节句。上文提到了一种发现外行星的方法,根据下文“When an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. By measuring this drop, NASA’s Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets.”可知美国国家航空航天局通过这种办法发现了许多外行星,可见这一办法非常有效。结合选项可知A项(这是最有成效的方法之一)符合语境,故选A。
5.C 过渡句。根据下文“As time progresses and technology improves,who knows what else we may find!”和上文中介绍的两种科学家发现外行星的办法并结合选项可知,C项(这些只是科学家使用的方法的两个例子)总结上文介绍的两种方法,同时引出下文提到的除了这两个例子之外的情况,承上启下,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.existence n.存在;生存 2.productive adj.多产的;富有成效的 3.confirm v.确认,证实
【熟词生义】 progress v.推移,流逝
【差距词汇】 1.exoplanet n.太阳系外行星,外行星
2.outnumber v.在数量上超过,比……多 3.planetary adj.行星的
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