2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步练习--Unit 4　Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading

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2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步
Unit4　Scientists who changed the world
Part1　Welcome to the unit&Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She took a 　　　　(广泛的) view of the duties of being a teacher.
2.The new English Corner plans to 　　　　(/k n d kt/) various English learning activities after being set up.
3.Some mushrooms look innocuous(无害的) but are in fact d　　　　.
4.You’d better watch some Chinese TV programs which will help you correct your pronunciation 　　　　(错误).
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.In a recent experiment, cockatoos(凤头鹦鹉) were presented with a box with a nut inside it.(2022全国甲)词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.From some people’s point of view, experimenting on animals is wrong.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
Running regularly is beneficial　　　　　 our health.
2.Some animals’ sense of smell is crucial to its 　　　　　(survive).
3.They may only have a　　　　　(limit) amount of time to get their points across.
4.I think this is really　　　　　(sufficient) clear and let’s not spend any more time on this issue.
5.He is a man of 　　　　　(wise), which can be seen from his comments on this film.
6.My　　　　　(intend) to write this essay is to call for all the people to protect the ocean.(2022全国甲)
7.With all the work 　　　　　(finish), we went back home happily.(2020全国新高考Ⅱ)
8.The company is developing a new kind of paper which is 　　　　　(intend) to prevent teenagers from getting short-sighted.
9.Due to the bad weather, the school sports meeting 　　　　　 (postpone) to next Monday.
Ⅳ.选词填空
speed up;pay off;refer to;through trial and error; draw on
　　Living in a village, Tom often saw farmers washing potatoes with great efforts. One day, it occurred to him that maybe he could invent a machine to help them. 1.　　　　　　many books about mechanics, he learned a lot and began to take action. 2.　　　　　　, his efforts finally3.　　　　　　. The machine was very popular. 4.　　　　　　 the machine invented by Tom, local farmers’ lives were 5.　　　　　　.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.杰夫的手碰到了热炉子,但是直到他父亲进来他才哭起来。
Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner but he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 his father came in.(读后续写—情节描写)
2.说完这些话,他看了一下他的手表,然后生气地离开了。(with+宾语+宾补)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, he glanced at his watch and left angrily.(读后续写—动作描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu Youyou has acquired a broad knowledge of both 　1　(tradition) Chinese medicine and Western medicine after a long period of study. In 1969, Tu began to lead 　2　 team that intended to find a cure for malaria. 　3　(inspire) by an old text, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. However, without sufficient safety data, Tu and her team couldn’t test the extract on real patients. They decided to test it on 　4　(they) first.
Fortunately,their efforts finally paid 　5　. In November 1972, they 　6　(successful) discovered qinghaosu, 　7　 is now a key part of many malaria medicines. In 2015, Tu 　8　(award) a Nobel Prize for her work, becoming the first Chinese female scientist 　9　 (receive) a Nobel Prize. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients now have a great chance of 　10　(survive).
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022广东汕头市金山中学月考)
Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski met in their first physical chemistry class at the University of Michigan in 1940. Jerome Karle was in his first year of doctoral work. Isabella Lugoski was in her last year as an undergraduate. They were laboratory partners. However, they didn’t get along well at first.
Isabella Lugoski looked back on the past,“I walked into the physical chemistry laboratory and there was a young man at the desk next to mine with his equipment all set up running his experiment. I don’t think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up. He didn’t like that. So we didn’t talk to each other for a while.”
Their relationship got going as they competed for the top grade in that course and they started to build a connection because both of them were interested in chemistry. They married in 1942. By 1946, both of the Karles had earned a doctorate in physical chemistry, and after a period of time at the University of Chicago they worked on the Manhattan Project, and moved to Washington DC to join the US Naval Research Laboratory.
Each specialized in a different aspect of X-ray crystallography(晶体学):Jerome focused on developing equations(方程式) that could determine how atoms(原子) were arranged inside complex molecules(分子), while Isabella conducted practical experiments to test how well the equations worked. Working together, they created the direct method for determining molecular structures,which has allowed scientists to effectively study and copy complex organic molecules to continue further study.
Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985. Although he was disappointed that the Nobel committee had ignored Isabella’s contribution to that work, she was unfazed. At that point, she had already won more awards and prize money for her experimental work than he had.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.What did Isabella Lugoski do when she first met Jerome Karle
A.She blamed him for his being late.
B.She set up all his equipment for him.
C.She asked him a question impolitely.
D.She observed his experiment silently.
2.What made Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski become connected
A.Their common interest in chemistry.
B.Their wonderful marriage since 1940.
C.Their pleasant first talk in a laboratory.
D.Their successful cooperation in courses.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly intended to show
A.The Karles’ encouraging further study.
B.The Karles’ good teamwork in science.
C.How the Karles worked with others.
D.Why the Karles won the Nobel Prize.
4.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “unfazed” in the last paragraph
A.Generous.　　　　
B.Touched.
C.Shocked.　　　　
D.Calm.
B
(2023江苏省泰州中学期中)
Valerie L. Thomas is an African American scientist and inventor best known for her patented(专利的) illusion transmitter(幻觉发射器) and contributions to NASA research.
Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland. She was interested in science as a child. At the age of eight, her curiosity about how things worked inspired her to borrow a book called The Boy’s First Book of Radio and Electronics. She took it home and hoped that her father would help her take on some projects in it. However, he didn’t help her.
She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands-on projects either. But this changed in college, when Thomas was admitted to Morgan State University as one of the only two women in her class to major in physics. Thomas excelled in her studies. She graduated with standout results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.
In the 1970s, she managed the development of the image-processing systems for Landsat, the first satellite(人造卫星) to send images to the Earth from space. In 1980, Thomas received a patent for an illusion transmitter. The device produces optical(视觉的) illusion images by means of two concave mirrors(凹面镜). Unlike flat mirrors, which produce images that appear to be inside, or behind the mirror, concave mirrors create images that appear to be real, or in front of the mirror itself. This technology was later used by NASA and has since been adapted for use in surgery(外科手术) as well as the production of television and video screens.
Thomas continued to work for NASA until her retirement in 1995. Over the course of her career, Thomas contributed widely to the study of space. She helped develop computer program designs that supported research on Halley’s Comet, the ozone layer, and satellite technology. As to her achievements, Thomas received a number of NASA awards including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
5.What do we know about Thomas’ early life
A.She was talented in science.
B.She liked working with her father.
C.She lacked support for her interest.
D.She preferred to read boys’ books.
6.What does the underlined phrase “excelled in” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Did well in.
B.Had confidence in.
C.Was curious about.
D.Was concerned with.
7.What is the advantage of Thomas’ invention over flat mirrors
A.It takes pictures more clearly.
B.It transmits images more quickly.
C.It changes the position of the image.
D.It can send images to the Earth from space.
8.What does the last paragraph focus on
A.Thomas’ future plans.
B.Thomas’ retirement life.
C.Thomas’ research theory.
D.Thomas’ lifetime achievements.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023广东广州市第七十五中学期末)
Citizen Science
When you read articles or watch TV, you may meet with the words,“citizen science(公众科学)”, every now and then. 　1　 It’s scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional(非专业的) scientists in public. They can include teachers, students, etc. and act as volunteers.
　2　 For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand(扩大) the area of a study without making it costly. For example, a bird survey involving volunteers can cover North America in a few weeks and cost a small amount of money. However, paying scientists to conduct the same survey would be very expensive, and it would make the study harder.
For volunteers, citizen science can increase their knowledge of science. Besides, it can be fun and sometimes quite interesting. Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment. 　3　
As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on different research programs. Some will require people to go to a challenging place in the wild. 　4　 Many universities, for example, have certain programs which invite local gardeners to study their plants and offer scientists information on their plants from their gardens.
If you want to get involved in a citizen science project, you should start by being clear about what topic you like. 　5　 If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.
A.This term is also known as “crowd science”.
B.Some people may hate taking part in citizen science.
C.Making these people do research has great advantages.
D.For example, volunteers can carry out research in their gardens.
E.And they’d like a chance to communicate with real scientists in the field.
F.Then call a certain organization and ask if you can help with one of its projects.
G.But some research programs can save people traveling a long way.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.broad　2.conduct　3.deadly　4.errors
Ⅱ.1.名词;实验　句意:在最近的一项实验中,(研究人员)给了凤头鹦鹉一个盒子,里面有一个坚果。
2.动词;做实验　句意:从一些人的观点看来,用动物做实验是错误的。
Ⅲ.1.to/for　考查介词。be beneficial to/for...是固定搭配,意为“对……有益”。
2.survival　考查名词。根据its可知设空处应用名词,survival表示“生存,存活”时是不可数名词,故填survival。句意:有些动物的嗅觉对其生存至关重要。
3.limited　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词amount,表示“有限的”,故用形容词limited。句意:他们可能只有有限的时间来讲清楚自己的观点。
4.sufficiently　考查副词。设空处修饰形容词clear,故用副词。句意:我想这真的足够清楚了,我们不要在这个问题上再多花任何时间了。
5.wisdom　考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,故用名词。句意:他是一个有智慧的人,这可以从他对这部电影的评论中看出来。
6.intention　考查名词。根据形容词性物主代词My及语境可知设空处应用名词,故填intention。句意:我写这篇文章的目的是号召所有人来保护海洋。
7.finished　考查过去分词。分析句子可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,work与finish之间是被动关系,故填finished。句意:所有工作完成后,我们开心地回家了。
8.intended　考查形容词。be intended to do sth.表示“目的是做……;旨在做……”,故填intended。句意:这家公司正在研发一种旨在预防青少年近视的新型纸张。
9.will be postponed　考查动词的时态和语态。根据next Monday和语境可知,学校运动会将被推迟到下周一,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态。
Ⅳ.1.Referring to　2.Through trial and error　3.paid off
4.Drawing on　5.sped up
Ⅴ.1.didn’t cry until　2.With these words said
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.traditional　考查形容词。设空处修饰medicine,作定语,应用形容词,故填traditional。traditional Chinese medicine表示“中医”。
2.a　考查冠词。team是可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,故填a。
3.Inspired　考查过去分词。句中已有谓语动词,因此设空处为非谓语动词,在句中作状语,根据by可知,主语she和inspire之间是被动关系,故填Inspired。
4.themselves　考查反身代词。设空处作介词on的宾语,与主语指代相同,应用反身代词,故填themselves。
5.off　考查固定短语。pay off意为“成功,奏效”。
6.successfully　考查副词。设空处修饰动词discovered,故用副词形式。
7.which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,设空处无提示词,逗号后缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,指代qinghaosu,故填which。
8.was awarded　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语In 2015可知此处应用一般过去时,动词award与主语Tu之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语Tu是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式,故填was awarded。
9.to receive　考查动词不定式。设空处作定语,修饰scientist,且scientist被序数词修饰,应用动词不定式作后置定语。
10.survival　考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词,故填survival。have a great chance of survival表示“有很大的生存希望”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jerome Karle 和Isabella Lugoski这两位物理化学家从相识到取得研究成果的过程。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I don’t think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up.”可知Isabella Lugoski 第一次见到 Jerome Karle时不礼貌地问了他一个问题。故选C。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their relationship got going as...were interested in chemistry.”可知,对化学的共同兴趣让Jerome Karle和Isabella Lugoski联系在一起。故选A。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Jerome focused on developing equations...while Isabella conducted practical experiments...Working together, they created the direct method...”可知,本段介绍了他们的分工,他们一起创造出了直接测定分子结构的方法,因此该段主要展示夫妇二人在科学上的良好合作。故选B。
4.D　词义猜测题。根据让步状语从句“Although he was disappointed...”可知画线词所在的主句与该从句之间是让步关系,因此推断画线词与“disappointed”意思相反,结合选项可知D项“平静的,冷静的”是最接近与“disappointed”意思相反的词,故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.specialize in专门研究……　2.aspect n.方面;样子　3.arrange v.排列;布置;安排
4.complex adj.复杂的　5.effectively adv.有效地　6.award v.授予;奖励 n.奖;奖金　7.disappointed adj.失望的　8.ignore v.忽视
【差距词汇】　doctorate n.博士学位
长难句　原句　Working together, they created the direct method for determining molecular structures,which has allowed scientists to effectively study and copy complex organic molecules to continue further study.
分析　本句为主从复合句。“Working together”为现在分词短语作方式状语;which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文　通过合作,他们创造了直接测定分子结构的方法,这使科学家能够有效地研究和复制复杂的有机分子,以继续进一步的研究。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了非裔美国科学家瓦莱丽·L·托马斯的故事。她对美国的太空研究做出了巨大贡献。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“her curiosity about how things worked inspired her to borrow a book...took it home and hoped that her father would help her take on some projects in it. However, he didn’t help her.”可知,托马斯把一本书带回家,希望父亲能帮助她完成其中的一些项目,但他没有帮助她;根据第三段中的“She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands-on projects either.”可知,她就读的女子高中也没有帮助她。由此可知,托马斯在早期生活中缺乏别人对她的兴趣的支持,故选C。
6.A　词义猜测题。根据下文“She graduated with standout results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.”可知,她以优异的成绩毕业,并接受了美国国家航空和航天局数据分析师的职位。由此推知,她在学业上“表现良好”。故选A。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike flat mirrors...concave mirrors create images that appear to be real, or in front of the mirror itself.”可知,平面镜产生的图像看起来像是在镜子内部或后面,凹面镜产生的图像看起来像是真实的,或在镜子本身前面,所以托马斯的发明相对于平面镜的优点是它改变了图像的位置。故选C。
8.D　主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the course of her career, Thomas contributed widely to...She helped develop...As to her achievements, Thomas received a number of NASA awards”可知,托马斯做出了许多贡献,因为她的贡献,她获得了美国国家航空和航天局的多项奖项。由此可知,最后一段主要讲的是托马斯一生的成就。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.curiosity n.好奇心　2.inspire sb. to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事　3.take on决定做;承担;呈现;接纳;雇用　4.attend v.定期去;参加;出席;陪同;照料　5.admit v.接收;承认;认可　6.adapt v.使适应　7.retirement n.退休　8.contribute to...有助于……;促进……
【熟词生义】　course n.进程;进展
【差距词汇】　patent n.专利权;专利证书
长难句　原句　Unlike flat mirrors, which produce images that appear to be inside, or behind the mirror, concave mirrors create images that appear to be real, or in front of the mirror itself.
分析　本句是主从复合句。“which produce images...the mirror”为which引导的非限制性定语从句,其中that引导定语从句;第二个that也引导定语从句。
译文　与平面镜不同的是,平面镜产生的图像看起来像是在镜子内部或后面,凹面镜产生的图像看起来像是真实的,或在镜子本身前面。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了“公众科学”这一项目及其优势。
1.A　上文“When you read articles or watch TV, you may meet with the words, ‘citizen science(公众科学)’,every now and then.”引入了citizen science,下文“It’s scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional(非专业的) scientists in public.”对这个词进行了解释。结合选项可知A项是对citizen science的补充说明。故选A。
2.C　根据下文“For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand...”和“For volunteers, citizen science can increase...”可知,此处在介绍公众科学的优点,C项(让这些人做研究有很大的好处)与下文意思一致。故选C。
3.E　上文“Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment.”在说志愿者们愿意加入公众科学的原因,因为他们对环境感兴趣,E项(他们希望有机会与该领域真正的科学家交流)描述的另一个原因与上文是递进关系。故选E。
4.G　上文“As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on different research programs. Some will require people to go to a challenging place in the wild.”可知,此处介绍公众科学在哪里进行。G项(但是一些研究项目可以使人们不用长途跋涉)符合语境,“Some will require...”和“some research programs can save...”形成转折。故选G。
5.F　下文“If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.(如果他们同意你的请求,你可以作为公民科学家提供帮助)”是说同意请求,F项“Then call a certain organization and ask if you can help with one of its projects.”表示向某个组织提出申请,引起下文。故选F。
【高频词汇】　1.act as充当,起……作用;扮演……
volunteer n.志愿者　3.a small amount of少量的;一小部分　4.take place发生　5.challenging adj.具有挑战性的　6.request n.& v.要求;请求　7.advantage n.有利条件,优势;优点
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