2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步练习--Unit 4　Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步
Part2　Grammar and usage&Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The research　　　　(表明) that the number of people who agree with him is rising.
2.Having listened to our statement, the headmaster was in 　　　　[/ fe v (r)/] of our proposal.
3.To test the　　　　(理论), they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order.
4.The scientist discovered the bacterium by a　　　　 one day.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
The guide tells us that the wellness centre offers services free　　　　　 charge.
2.Standing at the top of the mountain, we admired the 　　　　　(surround) scenes.
3.Susan is a very　　　　　(intelligence)woman who has her own mind.
4.Before discovering 　　　　　(electric), people relied on fire as a source of light.
5.I now look forward to 　　　　　(go) back to work as soon as possible.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
1.　　　　　(write) in a hurry, this article was not so good.
2.My car broke down halfway, so I need to have it 　　　　　(repair).
3.　　　　　(defeat) again, he didn’t lose heart.
4.　　　　　(surround) by the mountains, her house was very beautiful.
5.To show off her skating skills 　　　　　(learn) recently, Linda put on a performance wherever she went.
6.She stuck to her post though she had her arm 　　　　　(break) a month ago.
7.Ordinary soap,　　　　　(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
8. The question 　　　　　(discuss) just now is about when to start the journey to the US.
9.With this problem　　　　　(settle), he began to look for the poor old man.
10.Jim would never forget the happy time 　　　　　(spend) with his parents in the countryside.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.请问我可以和负责国际销售的人谈谈吗 (charge)
Could I speak to whoever 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 international sales,please
2.如果没有这次灾难,大多数的村民不会意识到环境保护的重要性。(虚拟语气)
Without the disaster, the majority of villagers 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the importance of protecting the environment. (读后续写—主旨升华)
3.直到19世纪早期,巴赫的音乐天赋才被人们完全认可。(一句多译)
①People 　　　　 fully recognize Bach’s musical gift 　　　　 the early 19th century.
②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the early 19th century 　　　　 Bach’s musical gift was fully recognized by people.(强调句型)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023湖南永州一中3月月考)
Dogs are our best friends. That’s especially true after a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search and rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs’ amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. It’s taking smell detection(探测) to a whole new level.
The new invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds(化合物) from people’s skin. This isn’t the first time that engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds either. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.
The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. “Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery,” says Sotiris E. Pratsinis, a professor of Process Engineering & Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronic equipment detected those compounds at unbelievably low levels.
The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. “Ideally, this technology could replace search and rescue dogs,” Pratsinis says.
Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new technology has some benefits over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He suspects, “I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs.” Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention. “E-noses are beneficial, but can be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption,” he says.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.Why does the author talk about dogs in the beginning
A.To catch the readers’ attention.
B.To introduce the topic about e-noses.
C.To show what search and rescue dogs do.
D.To add background information for discussion.
2.Which of the following best explains “bulky” underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Complex.　　　　B.Fragile.　　　
C.Handy.　　　　D.Large.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.What e-noses’ working principle is.
B.How e-noses are made.
C.What differences between dogs and e-noses are.
D.How powerful e-noses are.
4.What does Stephen Taylor mean
A.Dogs and e-noses could work together.
B.Search and rescue dogs will retire soon.
C.E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs.
D.Dogs are better at finding out trapped people.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021江苏宜兴期中调研)
Einstein was not only the standout scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician. He once said that if he hadn’t been a scientist, he would have been a 　1　. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me,” he said. “I get most 　2　 in life out of music.”
Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist who　3　 music to the family life. Einstein began to learn to play the 　4　 at the age of six. He worked hard until he 　5　 the joy of Mozart’s sonatas(奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that 　6　 on, although he had no further lessons, his violin 　7　 his companion.
When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have　8　 much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday, Einstein played at the music 　9　 in the school, and the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the 　10　 felt performance of one of the Beethoven’s sonatas”. In addition to his great 　11　 in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, 　12　, loved to improvise(即兴创作).
Late in life, Einstein’s reputation as a physicist often led to　13　 to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. Probably the 　14　 that comes nearest to Einstein comes from his friend Janos Plesch, who wrote,“There are many musicians with much 　15　 techniques, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feelings.” 　　　　　　　　　
1.A.physician　　　　B.musician
C.politician　　　　D.reporter
2.A.joy　　　　B.money
C.theory　　　　D.energy
3.A.played　　　　B.sent
C.created　　　　D.brought
4.A.violin　　　　B.piano
C.knowledge　　　　D.game
5.A.loved　　　　B.tracked
C.discovered　　　　D.confirmed
6.A.location　　　　B.space
C.access　　　　D.point
7.A.turned　　　　B.remained
C.appeared　　　　D.seemed
8.A.devoted　　　　B.spent
C.lost　　　　D.wasted
9.A.performance　　　　B.presentation
C.exhibition　　　　D.examination
10.A.hardly　　　　B.deeply
C.carelessly　　　　D.honestly
11.A.skill　　　　B.patience
C.care　　　　D.courage
12.A.after all　　　　B.in particular
C.at large　　　　D.by accident
13.A.contributions　　　　B.applications
C.invitations　　　　D.prizes
14.A.reaction　　　　B.destination
C.summary　　　　D.instruction
15.A.broader　　　　B.funnier
C.wilder　　　　D.better
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023江苏省扬州中学期中)
In the Spring Festival holiday, The Wandering Earth Ⅱ, a science-fiction movie that includes some rather new concepts such as nuclear fusion(核聚变) technology and the sun’s life cycle, had a rocket-fueled box office of 2.3 billion yuan within seven days of being put on the big screen. The figure has reached about 3.45 billion yuan, 　1　(make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese box-office history.
The film 　2　(arouse) a hot debate among scientists and science-fiction writers since it came out. La Zi, editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, a 43-year-old magazine, says, “Only when people are familiar 　3　 astronautic technologies will science fiction gain 　4　(popular).”
　5　(compare) to past works, both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technologies that people need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, there is a “space elevator” that permits astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about 　6　 such an elevator is possible. For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science.
La Zi points out, too, that while pop science is 　7　(main) about existing technologies, science fiction is about ones that cannot be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is from today, the 　8　(wild) the writer’s imagination can be,” he says.
China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and 　9　(technology) development, 　10　 inspires more and more young people in China in the future.
　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2　Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.indicates　2.favour　3.theory　4.accident
Ⅱ.1.of　考查介词。free of charge免费。
2.surrounding　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词scenes,故用形容词surrounding,表示“周围的”。
3.intelligent　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词woman,故用形容词intelligent。句意:苏珊是个非常聪明且有主见的女人。
4.electricity　考查名词。此空作discovering的宾语,表示“电”, 故用名词electricity。句意:在发现电之前,人们依靠火作为光源。
5.going　考查动名词。look forward to 中的to为介词,后接动名词形式。
Ⅲ.1.Written　考查过去分词作状语。 句中已有谓语动词,设空处作状语,主语this article 与write之间是被动关系,故填Written。
2.repaired　考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此处是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,it指代My car,和repair在逻辑上是被动关系,故用过去分词。
3.Defeated　考查过去分词作状语。句中已有谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语形式,逻辑主语he与defeat之间是被动关系,故填Defeated。句意:虽然再次被打败了,他却没有灰心。
4.Surrounded　考查过去分词作状语。her house和surround之间是被动关系,故填Surrounded。句意:她的房子被山环绕,非常漂亮。
5.learned/learnt　考查过去分词短语作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的skating skills, skating skills和learn之间是被动关系,故填learned或learnt。句意:为了炫耀她最近学的滑冰技巧,每到一处琳达就表演。
6.broken　考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此处是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,arm和break在逻辑上是被动关系,故填broken。句意:尽管一个月前她的手臂骨折了,但她仍坚守岗位。
7.used　考查过去分词作状语。 “　　　　 correctly”是条件状语,Ordinary soap和use在逻辑上是被动关系,故填used。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
8.discussed　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的The question, The question和discuss之间是被动关系,故填discussed。句意:我们刚才讨论的问题是关于何时启程去美国。
9.settled　考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,problem和settle在逻辑上是被动关系,故填settled。句意:解决这个问题之后,他开始去寻找那个可怜的老人。
10.spent　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的the happy time, spend和the happy time之间是被动关系,故填spent。句意:吉姆永远不会忘记和父母在乡下度过的快乐时光。
Ⅳ.1.is in charge of　2.wouldn’t be aware of
3.①didn’t;until　②It was not until;that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种可以用于探测的电子鼻。
1.B　 推理判断题。在第一段中,作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途,然后介绍科学家现在发明了可以做同样事情的电子鼻,可以推断先提及狗是为了引出电子鼻的话题,故选B。
2.D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Earlier models...The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.”可知,与早期的电子鼻比,新型的电子鼻体积小巧,可放入手持设备内,新旧形成对比,由此猜测bulky是“庞大”的意思,故选D。complex复杂的;fragile易碎的;handy方便的。
3.D　主旨大意题。通读第三段,尤其是第一句和最后一句可知,第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物的极轻微气味,故选D。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs.”可知,Stephen Taylor预测电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作,故选A。
易错归因　根据“Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention.”可知,Stephen Taylor认为电子鼻虽然很有用,但是有潜在的局限性,所以排除C项。Stephen Taylor所说的话没有涉及B、D两个选项的内容,所以排除。
【高频词汇】　1.trapped adj.受困的　2.survivor n.幸存者　3.electronic adj.电子的;电子学的　4.equipment n.设备;用具;才能　5.give off散发;释放　6.suspect v.怀疑;猜想　7.foresee v.预见;预知　8.interruption n.打断;插嘴;暂停
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。爱因斯坦除了是一名科学家,还是一名有天赋的音乐家,他的小提琴技巧非常高超。
1.B　根据上文“Einstein was...but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician.”可知,本空应选B。physician内科医生;politician政治家;reporter记者。
2.A　根据下文“until he 　5　 the joy of Mozart’s sonatas”可知,此处是指爱因斯坦从音乐中获得很多乐趣, joy是原词复现,故选A。
3.D　根据上文“Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist”可推知,是爱因斯坦的母亲把音乐带到了(brought)家庭生活中,故选D。
4.A　根据下文“his violin 　7　 his companion”可知,本句中应是小提琴(violin),故选A。
5.C　音乐是他生活中最大的乐趣,所以“发现(discovered)乐趣”符合语境,故选C。
6.D　根据上文“until he 　5　 the joy of Mozart’s sonatas at the age of 13”可知,此处指从他发现乐趣的那个时候(point)起,故选D。location位置;space空间;access通道。
7.B　根据上文“although he had no further lessons”和语境可知,此处指即使他没有更多的课程,他的小提琴也一直(remained)陪伴着他,故选B。
8.A　根据下文“much of his time to music”可知,此处指把时间用于音乐,devote...to...意为“把……用于……”,符合语境,故选A。
9.D　根据下文“the examiner”可知,此处指音乐考试(examination),故选D。performance表演;presentation展示会;exhibition展览。
10.B　根据文章末尾“who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feelings”可知,此处指表演得非常出色,感人至深(deeply),故选B。
11.A　根据上文“a student called Einstein shone in the 　10　 felt performance”可知,爱因斯坦的小提琴技巧(skill)非常高超,故选A。
12.B　此处是在赞扬爱因斯坦的音乐天赋,“尤其(in particular)”更符合语境,故选B。after all毕竟; at large一般地;by accident偶然地。
13.C　根据下文“perform at benefit concerts”可知,此处指受邀(invitations)去演奏,故选C。contribution贡献;application申请;prize奖品。
14.C　根据下文爱因斯坦的朋友写的一段话可知,此处是对爱因斯坦音乐才能的总结(summary),故选C。reaction反应;destination目的地;instruction指示。
15.D　这里对比爱因斯坦和其他音乐家,前后是转折关系, but后表示朋友认为,演奏音乐时,没有人比爱因斯坦更真诚、感情更深,所以but前应指很多音乐家比爱因斯坦的技巧更好(better),故选D。broader更广泛的;funnier更滑稽的;wilder更狂热的。
【高频词汇】　1.enthusiastic adj.满腔热忱的;热情的
2.companion n.陪伴;伴侣　3.in addition to...除了……之外(还)　4.reputation n.声誉
【熟词生义】　1.shine v.出色;出类拔萃　2.benefit n.慈善活动
长难句　原句　Probably the summary that comes nearest to Einstein comes from his friend Janos Plesch, who wrote, “There are many musicians with much better techniques, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feelings.”
分析　该句为主从复合句。“that comes nearest to Einstein”是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the summary,两个who都引导定语从句,分别修饰先行词Janos Plesch和none,“I believe”为插入语。
译文　也许最接近爱因斯坦的总结来自他的朋友Janos Plesch,他写道:“有很多音乐家的技巧比他好得多,但我相信,没有一个人演奏得比他更真诚或感情更深。”
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了科幻电影《流浪地球2》的成绩和影响。
1.making　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词has reached,所以此处用非谓语形式,make的逻辑主语是前文提到的事,描述的是自然而然的结果,所以用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。
2.has aroused　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处为谓语动词,主语是film,为单数形式,和arouse之间是主动关系,根据标志词since可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填has aroused。句意:这部电影自上映以来就在科学家和科幻作家中引起了激烈的争论。
3.with　考查介词。短语be familiar with...意为“熟悉……”。故填with。句意:有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编拉兹说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时,科幻小说才会流行起来。”
4.popularity　考查名词。分析句子可知,“only+状语从句”置于句首,主句用部分倒装,will gain是主句谓语,设空处作宾语,应用名词形式。故填popularity。
5.Compared　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词include,所以此处用非谓语形式,compare和both episodes of The Wandering Earth之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词形式,该空位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Compared。
6.whether　考查宾语从句。句意:在各个平台上,人们都在讨论这样的电梯是否可行。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导介词后的宾语从句,结合句意可知,此处表达“是否”之意。故填whether。
7.mainly　考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,应该用副词。故填mainly。
8.wilder　考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知,此处是固定句型:the+比较级...,the+比较级...,意为“越……,就越……”。故填wilder。句意:离今天越远,作家的想象力就越丰富。
9.technological　考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰空后的名词development,应用形容词。故填technological。
10.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处无提示词,逗号后的部分缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代整个主句内容。故填which。句意:中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一,这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。
【高频词汇】　1.concept n.概念;观念　2.debate n.& v.辩论　3.be familiar with...对……熟悉　4.various adj.各种各样的　5.imagination n.想象力
【差距词汇】　1.astronautic adj.太空航行的　2.episode n.(电视剧或广播剧的)一集;一段经历,一段时期
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