2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步练习--Unit 1　Part 1　Welcome to the unit&Reading

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步
Unit1　Nature in the balance
Part1　Welcome to the unit&Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The 　　　　(/le /) of the valley is about 10 kilometers.
2.The big message from this study is that there is another 　　　　(物种) out there.
3.Some plants and animals are threatened with e　　　　 because they cannot adapt to the changing climate.
4.　　　　(一百万) of learners have their reasons for learning a new language.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
I want to thank you in person for the impact you’ve had 　　　　　 my life.
Outdoor activities are really helpful in building 　　　　　 our strength and enriching our school life.
3.Nowadays many farmers want to break away from rural life and make a
　　　　　(live) in cities.
4.The local government has taken 　　　　　(variety) of measures to help these people get rid of poverty.
5.He returned home and wrote an article about the 　　　　　(disappear) of the Aral Sea.
6.With no water left, the climbers seemed to have no chance of 　　　　　(survive).
7.It is a growing concern nowadays that many students go to school in the morning without eating breakfast, which is very 　　　　　(harm) to their health.8.The universities have expanded, thus 　　　　　(allow) many more people the chance of higher education.
9.I often remind myself to be calm and patient, particularly when 　　　　　(teach) naughty kids.
10.Some valuable cultural relics　　　　　(damage) while only a few have survived over the past few years.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in turn; break down; breathe life into; due to
Nowadays 1.　　　　　　 the pressure of life or work, some people maybe 2.　　　　　 suddenly. So we should learn how to break through pressure, find a way to balance emotions and 3.　　　　　　 ourselves. In addition,we can set aside time for exercise, which will 4.　　
　　　　 build up our body.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.有些人担心旅游业的迅速发展可能会对当地环境造成损害。(damage)
Some people worried that the rapid development of tourism might 　　　
　 　　　　 　　　　 the local environment.
2.角落里有一幅他的孩子们的画像。(完全倒装)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a painting of his children. (读后续写—场景描写)
3.安妮走回课桌时,能感觉到同学们正惊讶地看着她。(as)
Anne could feel her classmates staring at her with surprise　　　　
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. (读后续写—动作描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, plays a
　1　(significance) role in maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. It crosses into eight countries, 　2　(include) Brazil and Peru. With an area of about 6 million square kilometres, 　3　 rainforest is more than half the size of China.
More than 40,000 species of plants can　4　(find) in the Amazon. The forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable
　5　(vary) of wildlife. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of 　6　(mammal) hide in the jungle.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by　7　(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. This is
　8　 it is known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.
　9　, about 17 per cent of the rainforest 　10　(disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming over the past 50 years.
1.　　　　 　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023辽宁大连月考)
　　As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think about Steven Spielberg’s Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us.
Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are “in” these days. Thanks to good public policy, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool.
The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, making sharks threatened with extinction. Up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to reverse the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu.
In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has come into effect this year through the efforts of WildAid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins.
Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. Thus, together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce the demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.What’s the main reason for killing sharks
A.Shark fins are greatly needed.
B.Killing sharks is a great experience.
C.Sharks always make people so afraid.
D.Sharks break the balance of the ecosystem.
2.What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Protect.　　　B.Maintain.　　　C.Increase.　　　D.Change.
3.What can be the best way to stop killing animals according to the passage
A.Setting some larger areas aside for reserves.
B.Transporting endangered animals to safe places.
C.Stopping selling and purchasing animal products.
D.Promoting the importance of animals in the public media.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The profits coming from sharks.
B.The real reason for sharks’ disappearance.
C.The efforts to protect sharks.
D.The impact of the declining number of sharks.
B
(2022江苏省天一中学期中)
On Saturday, 24 August, 1918, it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England. The storm lasted for only about ten minutes. People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky. There were fish falling down, too! People came out to find out what was happening. They could not believe their own eyes. There were thousands of fish—sand eels—lying on the ground. They were about seven centimeters long, and all were frozen solid.
Sand eels swim together in large groups, often in sandy water, and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea, which reaches the east of Sunderland. How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land in Sunderland
Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon might have given rise to a waterspout. Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water. They are so powerful; thus anything less than one meter in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds. The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometers. It’s very cold up there and everything soon freezes solid as a consequence.
For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts. In 2009, dead tadpoles rained down on the streets of the city of Nanao in Japan. In 2012, fifty kilos of prawns fell from the sky over Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell in the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico.
It is absolutely a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you. You would probably hurt if one fell on your head! With climate change, global warming and many reports of various terrible natural disasters, will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.What was the rain like on 24 August 1918
A.It was very heavy.
B.It fell around England.
C.It lasted quite a long time.
D.It caused many human deaths.
6.What can we know about the sand eels that landed in Sunderland
A.They were few in number.
B.They came in different sizes.
C.They were still alive when landing.
D.They probably came from the North Sea.
7.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Clouds.　　　　B.Waterspouts.　　　
C.Strong winds.　　　　D.The waters of the sea.
8.In the end, what does the author probably care most about
A.Our health.　　　　B.Our environment.
C.The wildlife.　　　　D.The news reports.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023河南部分学校联考阶段练习)
In 2019, a NASA satellite map with dark and light green colors showed the world that China was leading the increase in green in Earth’s land area due to national tree-planting programs.
　1　, over 45 percent of China’s land is covered with deserts and sandy soil, much bigger than China’s arable land(可耕地) which is nearly 10 percent of the total arable land in the world, but supports over 20 percent of the world’s population.
March 12 marks China’s Tree Planting Day. 　2　. At the time, a forestry expert suggested designating(指定) the Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, as National Tree Planting Day. After the death of Sun Yat-sen on March 12, 1925, National Tree Planting Day was changed to fall on March 12 to remember Sun’s support for national afforestation(植树造林).
Since the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, the Chinese government has continued to use the day to improve the environment. 　3　.
In 2019, a research team of Boston University found that the global green leaf area had increased by five percent since the early 2000s. 　4　, they thought it was due to a “warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere”. But with a two-decade-long data(数据) record from NASA, they see that humans are contributing. 　5　.
In 2021, China planted 3.6 million hectares of forest and changed 380,800 hectares of farmland into forest. The country plans to plant 6.4 million hectares of trees and grass this year.
A.Chinese people like planting trees
B.When they first noticed the difference
C.The tradition dates back to 1915,which is unfamiliar to many
D.And Chinese people voluntarily planted over 64 billion trees from 1982 to 2012
E.Trees play a very important role in protecting the environment
F.The data shows that at least 25 percent of that gain came from China
G.A surprising fact is that though China’s land covers about 9.6 million square kilometers of land
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2022河北石家庄开学考)
　　假定你是李华,暑假期间,你从网上得知志愿者组织GoEco正在招募去巴厘岛(Bali)保护海龟的志愿者。请你给该组织写一封邮件申请参加,内容包括:
　　1.写邮件的目的;
　　2.个人优势;
　　3.希望获准。
　　注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右;
　　2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 1　Nature in the balance
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.length　2.species　3.extinction　4.Millions
Ⅱ.1.on　考查介词。“you’ve had 　　　　 my life”是省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词impact;have the impact on...表示“对……有影响”。故填on。
易错归因　此处的难点是明确had的宾语是the impact,构成固定搭配have the impact on...。
2.up　考查固定搭配。build up one’s strength意为“增强某人的体力”。故填up。句意:户外活动确实有助于增强我们的体力,丰富我们的学校生活。
3.living　考查名词。make a living意为“谋生”。故填living。句意:现在许多农民想脱离农村生活到城市谋生。
4.varieties　考查名词复数。variety是可数名词,此处没有冠词修饰,所以用复数形式,varieties of意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。句意:当地政府采取了各种措施帮助这些人摆脱贫困。
5.disappearance　考查名词。根据设空处前面的the和后面的of可知,此处应填名词。故填disappearance。the disappearance of...……的消失。句意:他回到家,写了一篇关于咸海的消失的文章。
6.survival　考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,结合句意可知此处用名词作宾语。故填survival。句意:没有水了,登山者似乎没有生存的可能。
7.harmful 　考查形容词。系动词后接形容词作表语,be harmful to意为“对……有害”。故填harmful。句意:现在,许多学生早上不吃早餐去上学是一个越来越令人担心的问题,这对他们的健康是非常有害的。
8.allowing 　考查现在分词。thus为副词,句中已有谓语动词,所以此处用非谓语形式作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故填allowing。句意:大学扩招了,这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育了。
9.teaching　考查省略句。分析句子可知,此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构,省略了从句的主语和谓语的一部分,动词teach与I之间是主动关系,补充完整应是“when I am teaching”。故填teaching。句意:我经常提醒自己要保持冷静和有耐心,尤其是在教淘气的孩子的时候。
类比启发　在表示时间、地点、条件、方式等的状语从句中,如果谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语为it时,从句的主语和谓语的一部分(常常是be动词)往往可以省略。
10.have been damaged　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。动词damage与主语relics之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,结合时间状语over the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为复数形式,故填have been damaged。句意:在过去的几年里,一些珍贵的文物遭到破坏,而只有少数幸存下来。
Ⅲ.1.due to　2.break down　3.breathe life into　
4.in turn
Ⅳ.1.cause/do damage to　2.In the corner stood　3.as she walked back to her desk
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.significant　考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词role,应用形容词,表示“重要的”。故填significant。
2.including　考查介词。提示词为include,根据空前的countries和空后的Brazil and Peru可知,设空处表示“包括”。故填including。
3.the　考查冠词。此处rainforest指代上文中的The Amazon rainforest,表特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
4.be found　考查动词的语态。动词find和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,再结合空前的can可知填be found。
5.variety　考查名词。形容词unbelievable修饰名词,且根据前面的an可知,此处应用名词单数形式。故填variety。
6.mammals　考查名词复数。mammal为可数名词,species后既可跟可数名词单数也可跟可数名词复数,再结合前面的birds and可知此处用复数形式较好。故填mammals。
7.fixing　考查动名词。设空处作介词by的宾语,应用动名词。故填fixing。
8.why　考查连接词。上文讲述亚马孙雨林为地球固定碳并产生超过全球氧气总量20%的氧气,下文讲述它被称为“地球之肺”,上下文是因果关系。故填why。This is why...“这就是为什么……”。
9.However　考查副词。上文介绍亚马孙雨林是座宝库,下文介绍约有17%的雨林消失了,上下文构成转折关系,且空后有逗号。故填However。
10.has disappeared　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past 50 years可知此处应用现在完成时;主语是about 17 per cent of the rainforest,谓语应用单数形式。故填has disappeared。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人们意识到了鲨鱼对于保持生态平衡的重要性,并开始采取行动保护日益减少的鲨鱼。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The demand for shark fins has been rising...100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins.”可知,人们捕杀鲨鱼主要是因为对鱼翅的需求极大。故选A。
2.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知,鲨鱼面临灭绝的危险,每年有多达1亿只鲨鱼被捕杀,仅仅是为了获得鱼翅,而画线词所在句中的But表示转折意义,结合下一段可知,加州关于出售和拥有鱼翅汤的禁令已于今年生效。由此可知,鲨鱼得到了保护,说明已经改变了以前的状况,所以推知,此处指“但我们已经开始扭转这一趋势”,reverse意为“彻底转变”。故选D。
3.C　推理判断题。根据文章可知,人们大肆捕杀动物主要是为了满足人们对动物产品的需求,所以推知,停止销售和购买动物产品可能是阻止捕杀动物的最好方法。故选C。
4.C　主旨大意题。通读文章可知,第一段引出鲨鱼这一话题,第二段至第三段介绍了人们意识到了鲨鱼对于保持生态平衡的重要性,为了鱼翅而捕杀鲨鱼的趋势开始改变,第四段至第五段则具体介绍了人们采取行动保护日益减少的鲨鱼。所以C项“保护鲨鱼的努力”与文章主旨相符。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.effort n.努力,艰难的尝试　2.demand n.需要,需求　3.threaten v.对……构成威胁　4.ban n.禁令 v.明令禁止;取缔　5.possession n.拥有,具有　6.feature v.以……为特色　7.sign n.迹象,征兆;标志　8.supply n.供应;供给;供应量　9.rely on 依靠,依赖
【熟词生义】　inspire v.使产生(感觉或情感)
【差距词汇】　1.underway adj.进行中的　2.ivory n.象牙
长难句　原句　As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think about Steven Spielberg’s Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us.
分析　这是一个主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句;主句是“we may think about...us”,其中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词fear。
译文　当我们在海边享受夏日的海浪时,我们也许会想起史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的《大白鲨》和鲨鱼带给我们的巨大恐惧。
B
◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天上下鱼、虾等的历史事件及其发生的原因。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city”可知,1918年8月24日的雨下得很大。rain cats and dogs表示“下倾盆大雨”,故选A。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sand eels...are often found in large numbers in the North Sea”可推断,降落在森德兰的玉筋鱼可能来自北海,故选D。
7.B　词义猜测题。画线词上文介绍水龙卷形成的过程,它们非常强大,可以把任何不超过一米的东西卷进去,然后送到云层里。由此可知, them指代“水龙卷”,故选B。
8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段作者提到的“climate change”“global warming”“various terrible natural disasters”可推知,作者最关心的可能是我们的环境,故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.fall down落下;倒塌;不够好　2.frozen adj.冻硬的;冷冻的→freeze v.(使)结冰;(使)冻住　3.powerful adj.强有力的;力量大的;有权势的;强壮的　4.force v.用力,强行(把……移动);强迫,迫使　5.distance n.距离　6.disaster n.灾难,灾害;彻底失败的人(或事)
【差距词汇】　1.rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨　2.waterspout n.水龙卷
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国植树节的来历,以及多年来在全球绿化方面的贡献。
1.G　根据下文可知,中国超过45%的土地被沙漠和沙质土壤覆盖,比中国可耕地面积大得多,G项引起下文,符合语境。故选G。
2.C　根据下文可知,此处介绍植树节的起源,结合上文的“March 12 marks China’s Tree Planting Day.”可知,大家都知道3月12日是植树节,却不熟悉曾经有专家建议将清明节定为植树节。所以C项“这个传统可以追溯到1915年,这是大家所不熟悉的”承上启下,“At the time”指代C项中的“1915”。故选C。
3.D　根据上一句可知,自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来,中国政府一直用3月12日改善环境,D项承接上文,描述了多年来人们植树的情况,符合语境。故选D。
4.B　根据上一句可知,2019年,波士顿大学的一个研究小组发现,自20世纪初以来,全球绿叶面积增加了5%,说明人们关注到了全球绿化变多,结合下文的“they thought it was due to...”可知,B项“当他们第一次注意到这种差异时”承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
5.F　根据上一句可知,通过美国国家航空和航天局长达20年的数据记录,他们发现人类正在做出贡献;结合下一段第一句指出的中国绿化的成就可推知,F项“数据显示,至少25%的增长来自中国”承上启下,衔接上文提到的数据,也引出了下段内容。故选F。
【高频词汇】　1.support v.养活,维持　2.atmosphere n.大气,大气层　3.tradition n.传统,惯例　4.date back to追溯到　5.gain n.增加
【差距词汇】　1.forestry n.林业;林地 　2.fertilization n.施肥
长难句　原句　In 2019, a NASA satellite map with dark and light green colors showed the world that China was leading the increase in green in Earth’s land area due to national tree-planting programs.
分析　这是一个主从复合句。“with dark and light green colors”是介词短语作后置定语,修饰map;that引导宾语从句,作showed的宾语。
译文　2019年,美国国家航空和航天局用深绿色和浅绿色绘制的卫星地图向世界显示,由于国家植树计划,中国正在引领地球土地绿化面积的增长。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a 16-year-old high school student from China. I am writing to apply for the voluntary job to help protect sea turtles in Bali.
I think I am qualified for this work. First, I have learnt much about sea turtles and know how to take care of them. Besides, I am fluent in English and have relevant experience. Because I have volunteered twice overseas, I can adapt to the new environment quickly.
I’d appreciate it if you could accept me. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1.重点词汇
①apply for申请　②qualify v.使合格,使具备资格 　③relevant adj.相关的 　④adapt to适应
2.亮点句型
①First, I have learnt much about sea turtles and know how to take care of them.(“疑问词+不定式短语”作宾语)首先,我学了很多关于海龟的知识,知道如何照顾它们。
②Because I have volunteered twice overseas, I can adapt to the new environment quickly. (Because引导原因状语从句)因为我在海外做过两次志愿者,所以我能很快适应新的环境。
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