2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步练习--Unit 1　五年高考练

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022全国甲,B)
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
词汇积累
1.skilful adj.有技巧的,熟练的　　　2.geometric adj.几何(学)的; (似)几何图形的 3.insert v.插入;嵌入　　　4.specific adj.特定的;具体的;特有的,独特的
1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.By following instructions.　　　　B.By using a tool.
C.By turning the box around.　　　　D.By removing the lid.
2.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A.Using a key to unlock a door.　　　　
B.Telling parrots from other birds.
C.Putting a ball into a round hole.　　　　
D.Grouping toys of different shapes.
3.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A.How far they are able to see.　　　　
B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.　　　　
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers　　　　
B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers　　　　
D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
B
(2023全国甲,D)
　　Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned dueto lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
词汇积累
1.occupy v.占据(空间,时间);使忙于(做某事)　　　　　　　　2.conflicted adj.相互矛盾的
3.sight v.看到,(远远)看见 (熟词生义)　　　
4.lawsuit n.诉讼,诉讼案
5.How do Americans look at grizzlies
A.They cause mixed feelings in people.
B.They should be kept in national parks.
C.They are of high scientific value.
D.They are a symbol of American culture.
6. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A.They European settlers’ behavior.　　　　
B.The expansion of bears’ range.
C.The protection by law since 1975.　　　　
D.The support of Native Americans.
7.What has stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies
A.The opposition of conservation groups.　　　　
B.The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C.The voice of the biologists.　　　　
D.The local farmers’ advocates.
8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.　　　　
B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.　　　　
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)
　　The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP).　1　(cover) an area about three times 　2　 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 　3　(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 　4　(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 　5　(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity(原真性) and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 　6　 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 　7　(population) and homes of giant pandas, and 　8　(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve　9　 an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　10　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
词汇积累
1.finalize v.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来　　　　　2.inconsistency n.不一致的情况
3.pilot adj.试验性的　　　4.buffer zone (环保)缓冲区
5.umbrella species 保护伞物种　　　6.a host of 许多;大量
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
五年高考练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们已经证明一种原产于澳大拉西亚的凤头鹦鹉具有与两岁的人类相似的形状识别能力。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具,但事实证明,它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具。)以及“and the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to choose from. Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”(研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正确的“钥匙”,坚果就会出来。)可知凤头鹦鹉是用实验所提供的工具从盒子里拿到坚果的,故答案为B项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age”(人类婴儿在一岁左右就能把一个圆形的东西放进一个圆洞里)可知答案为C项。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,下一步,据研究人员所说,是试着找出凤头鹦鹉是否完全依赖视觉线索,或是也使用触觉进行形状的选择。故选D项。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.”(戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉,已经被证明具有与两岁的人类相似的形状识别能力。)可知答案为D项。
长难句　原句　Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。Though引导省略的让步状语从句,补充完整应为“Though the birds are not known to use tools in the wild”。由于从句的主语the birds和主句的主语一致,并且含有be动词are,所以将从句的the birds和are省略。
译文　虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具,但事实证明,它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了美国濒危动物灰熊的特征、生存区域、濒危原因和现状,以及与人们的相处等。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams”可知,美国人对灰熊有着矛盾的心态,灰熊既令他们心生敬畏,又给他们带来可怕的梦境。由此可知,灰熊引起美国人复杂的情感。故选A。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“By the early 1970s...600 to 800 grizzlies remained”和“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.”和第四段第二句“Their recovery has been so successful...to be hunted.”可知,1975年,被列入《濒危物种法》的灰熊数量恢复很成功,所以正是这部法律的颁布有助于灰熊数量的增长。故选C。
7.A　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies”可定位到第四段。根据“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.”可知,由于保护组织的诉讼,将灰熊从法律保护名单上除名的努力都被推翻了。故选A。
8.B　推理判断题。最后一段讲到了灰熊给人类带来的危害和人们对灰熊的防范,其中提到人类生活的区域如果没有引诱灰熊的东西存在,灰熊一般会径直路过,而不带来麻烦,由此可推断,人类与灰熊是能够和谐共处的。故选B。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。大熊猫国家公园的建立不仅能保护大熊猫,而且能够促进该区域所有物种的健康发展。
1.Covering　考查动词的非谓语形式。the GPNP与设空处为逻辑上的主动关系,且设空处位于句首,故用cover的现在分词形式(Covering),意为“占地……”。
2.the　考查冠词。倍数的表达方法:倍数+the+名词(size/length...)+of。
3.were　考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知,此处是that引导的定语从句。根据空前的先行词areas及空后的previously unprotected 可知,此处填were,构成一般过去时的被动语态。
4.to increase　考查动词的非谓语形式。根据句意可知,把很多现存的大熊猫保护区统一管理起来是为了提高效率和减少不一致的管理。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
5.is designed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句表述事实,故用一般现在时;此处与主语构成被动关系,表示“大熊猫国家公园被设计来反映……的指导原则”,故用被动语态;主语The GPNP为第三人称单数,故填is designed。
6.and　考查并列连词。leaving behind...与protecting the authenticity...、preserving biological...、protecting ecological...是顺承关系,作of的宾语。
7.populations　考查名词。根据空后的and homes可知,此处需要填名词复数形式。
8.eventually　考查副词。设空处修饰achieve,用副词形式。
9.as　考查固定搭配。serve as 充当,担当。
10.that　考查定语从句。从句中缺主语,先行词是the species,且先行
词前有all修饰,关系词用that。
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