2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步练习--Unit 2　Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024译林版高中英语必修第三册同步
Unit2　Natural disasters
Part1　Welcome to the unit&Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.There is a fire　　　　(/ eks t/) on each floor of the building.
2.A big truck was out of control and 　　　　(撞上) into a big tree.
3.Almost without thinking, I bent down and 　　　　(拥抱) her tightly.
4.Thankfully, there are rescue groups that can help when such a natural
d　　　　 happens.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
The leaflet is to inform visitors 　　　　　 the park’s entertainment facilities.
2.Vivien was annoyed at her father’s　　　　　(react) but she agreed to work as a volunteer in the end.
3.To write a good essay, you must first organize your ideas in an 　　　　　(order) way.
4.The report forecasts that we will meet the most　　　　　(destruct) typhoon.
5.The host signaled the people in the sports hall 　　　　　(be) quiet.
6.We are shocked that so many young people 　　　　　(injure) in the flood.
7.It 　　　　　(confirm) that measures have been taken by the local government to rescue those trapped in the building.
8.　　　　　 occurred to me that the band which I adored would perform at the National Stadium the next day.
9. Jennifer became the first in her large family 　　　　　(earn) a bachelor’s degree.
Ⅲ.选词填空
safe and sound, at large, to one’s relief
　　It is reported that a house collapsed(倒塌) 1.　　　　　　 yesterday due to a typhoon and two children were buried in ruins. The soldiers tried their best to save them and 2.　　　　　　, the children were 3.　　　　　　 when they were finally found.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.想到迈克能找到工作,我松了一口气,并对所有帮助过迈克的人心存感激。(relief)
Thinking Mike could find a job, I sighed 　　　　 　　　　 and felt grateful to all the people who helped Mike.(读后续写—心理描写)
2.我们正在爬山,这时开始下起雨来。(be doing...when...)
We 　　　　 　　　　 the mountain
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
3.比尔(Bill)一开门就认出了这对善良的夫妇,他微笑着和他们打招呼。(一句多译)
①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, he recognized the kind couple,and he greeted them with a smile. (the moment)(读后续写—动作描写)
②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he recognized the kind couple and he greeted them with a smile. (Hardly...when)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
On 17 March, Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School,　1　(teach) when the floor began to shake. The students reacted 　2　(proper)—they moved under their desks and held on to the legs of the desks. When the shaking stopped, it was the best time for the class 　3　 (make) their escape. Miss Brown let her students exit the classroom in 　4　 orderly line with their hands on their heads. Soon, the whole class went to the playground with none of them 　5　 (injure). It was the practice of earthquake 　6　(safe) procedures that helped the students protect 　7　(they) during the earthquake.
On 20 December, the day began as usual on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on it. However, a 10-year-old girl noticed that something odd happened to the water, 　8　 was signs of a 　9　(come) tsunami. She kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer about the signs. 　10　 her relief, the officer rapidly cleared the people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. Thanks to the girl, around 100 people were saved.
　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023河北保定校考阶段练习)
Massive flooding in America’s Yellowstone National Park caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes far and wide. The recent floodwater changed the path of a river popular for fishing. It also devastated homes, bridges and roadways.
Yellowstone became America’s first national park in 1872. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice have shaped the park for thousands of years. It is a place where visitors can get close to different kinds of wildlife.
Flooding caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow did cause a lot of damage. It drove more than 10,000 visitors out of the park. The rain also damaged hundreds of homes in nearby communities. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. Some entrances might not open all summer. The water also washed away camp structures,flooded small towns and caused power cuts in parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The event happened as the park was beginning its busy summer season and received millions of summer visitors.
The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana’s largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant(工厂) because it couldn’t operate effectively with that high water levels. Billings officials said the city only had a 24-hour supply of water. They were asking people to protect water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operation. “None of us planned a 500-year flood event in Yellowstone when we designed the equipment,” said Debi Meling, the city’s director of public works.
Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect the local economy that depends on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.”
1.What does the underlined word “devastated” mean in Paragraph 1 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Developed.　　　B.Designed.　　　C.Destroyed.　　D.Demanded.
2.What can we learn about flooding from Paragraph 3
A.Its bad effects.　　　　B.Its lasting time.
C.The repairs after it.　　　　D.The wildlife hurt in it.
3.What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after flooding
A.It stopped working.
B.It was forced to operate.
C.It only cut down the city’s water supply for 24 hours.
D.It was asked to design new equipment to protect water.
4.What’s the attitude of Yellowstone officials to the rebuilding work after flooding
A.Uncertain.　　　B.Unconcerned.　　　C.Curious.　　D.Confident.
B
(2022浙江省回浦中学阶段练习)
Standing on the ruins(废墟) after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already caused: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, and then a foot of rain from a storm.
“It’s unstoppable,” said Mr. Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer. “We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious, wild and unforgiving.”
Australia’s hellish(极不愉快的) fire season has eased, but its people are facing more than a single disaster. With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”: One climate disaster strengthens the next.
Higher temperatures do more than just dry out the land. They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture(水汽) for longer periods of time. So droughts get worse, giving rise to fires, then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb.
Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet worked out recovery plans that are clear and that take future risks into account.
At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly. Philip Lowe, governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that in effect it would only go up.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.Why is Peter Ruprecht mentioned in the beginning
A.To arouse readers’ pity.　　　　B.To introduce the topic.
C.To stress the problem.　　　　D.To call on readers to help.
6.Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in Paragraph 2
A.Empty.　　　B.Kind.　　　C.Responsible.　　　D.Violent.
7.What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia
A.The government’s inaction.　　　　B.Higher temperatures.
C.The lack of money.　　　　D.No recovery plans.
8.In which section of the newspaper can we read this passage
A.Food.　　　B.Travel.　　　C.Climate.　　　D.Agriculture.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022江苏省太湖高级中学期中)
As the effects of global warming, rising sea level and natural disasters become 　1　(serious) than before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida 　2　 local people and government officials are successful in protecting coastal cities from the dangers of rising sea level.
The community has studied how much sea level will rise and has suggested addressing the problem in some　3　(effect) ways. It has persuaded the state government 　4　(ban) developments on land near the coastline and recommended 　5　(build) sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became 　6　(gradual) clear that her state’s 27 water authorities couldn’t agree on joint action at large.
While some Florida government officials doubt　7　 the climate will become hotter or colder, the people living in these 　8　(locate) are certain of the need to protect their communities.
At present,coming up 　9　 ways to deal with the effects of climate change under a limited budget(预算) 　10　(be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these communities will succeed in the end.
　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 2　Natural disasters
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.exit　2.crashed　3.hugged　4.disaster
Ⅱ.1.of/about　考查介词。inform sb. of/about sth.通知某人某事。句意:这个传单的目的是告知游客这个公园的娱乐设施。
2.reaction　考查名词。her father’s后接名词形式。故填reaction。句意:父亲的反应让维维恩很恼火,但最终她还是答应了做志愿者的工作。
3.orderly　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词way,应用形容词。故填orderly。
4.destructive　考查形容词。设空处修饰typhoon,且前面有the most,由此可知此处是形容词最高级。故填destructive。
5.to be　考查动词不定式。signal sb. to do sth.意为“示意某人做某事”。故填to be。
6.were injured　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。动词injure与主语so many young people之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,结合语境可知,injury表示的动作发生在过去,所以需要用一般过去时,主语为so many young people。故填were injured。
7.is confirmed　考查固定句式。此处构成“It is confirmed that...”句式,意为“据证实……”。句意:据证实,当地政府已经采取措施营救被困在大楼里的那些人。
8.It　考查固定句式。此处构成“It occurred to sb. that...”句式,意为“某人突然想起……”,其中It作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语。故填It。句意:我突然想到我喜欢的乐队第二天要在国家体育场演出。
9.to earn　考查动词不定式作定语。the first后接动词不定式作定语。故填to earn。句意:珍妮弗是她的大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人。
类比启发　当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或被这类词修饰时,多用不定式作后置定语。
Ⅲ.1.at large　2.to their relief　3.safe and sound
Ⅳ.1.in/with relief　2.were climbing;when it began to rain　3.①The moment Bill opened the door　②Hardly did Bill open the door when
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.was teaching　考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,此处是“was/were doing sth. when...”句型,表示“正在做某事,这时……”,主语是Alice Brown,故填was teaching。
2.properly　考查副词。此处修饰动词reacted,应用副词,故填properly。
3.to make　考查动词不定式。设空处在句中作定语,修饰time,根据前面的最高级the best可知此处应用动词不定式。故填 to make。
4.an　考查冠词。line是可数名词单数形式,此处是泛指,故应填不定冠词,又因为orderly的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
5.injured　考查过去分词。“with none of them 　5　”是with的复合结构,设空处作宾补,none of them与动词injure之间是被动关系,故用过去分词injured。
6.safety　考查名词。设空处作定语,与earthquake一起修饰procedures,表示“地震安全程序”,说明被修饰词的类别,故用名词形式。句意:正是地震安全程序的实践帮助学生们在地震中保护了自己。
7.themselves　考查反身代词。设空处作protect的宾语,指代the students,表示“保护他们自己”,应用反身代词。
8.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处无提示词,空前为逗号,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为something,故填which。
9.coming　考查现在分词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的名词tsunami可知,设空处作定语,修饰tsunami,且动词come与tsunami之间是主动关系,故用现在分词coming,表示“即将到来的”。
10.To　考查介词。to one’s relief让某人宽慰的是,是固定搭配,注意首字母大写。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了洪水给美国黄石国家公园造成的破坏和影响。
1.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知,美国黄石国家公园的大规模洪水造成了广泛的破坏,并导致了许多变化,最近的洪水改变了一条受欢迎的钓鱼河流的路径。所以本段主要介绍了大洪水造成的破坏与变化,画线词前的also表明该句也是讲述洪水造成的破坏,因此推知devastated意为“破坏”。故选C。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,大雨和山地积雪融化造成的洪水确实造成了很大的破坏,下文则具体介绍了洪水造成的破坏。由此可知,本段主要讲述的是洪水的坏影响。故选A。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,随着水位不断上升,该处理厂被迫关闭。故选A。
4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“we have faith in the park repairs”可知,他们对重建非常有信心。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.damage n.损坏,损害 v.损害,伤害　
2.force n.力;武力　3.structure n.结构物;构造　4.treatment n.处理;对待;治疗　5.operate v.运行;操作;动手术→operation n.运转;运作　6.official n.官员　7.equipment n.设备,用具　8.economic adj.经济的;节约的
【熟词生义】　1.shape v.使成形,塑造　2.run v.流淌,流动
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚发生的一系列气候灾害,包括它们的成因、给人们带来的影响以及造成的经济成本等。
5.B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,Peter Ruprecht的房子被烧成废墟,这反映出澳大利亚多变的气候给人们造成了巨大的损失,下文提到一系列灾难:干旱、毁灭性的丛林大火和暴风雨造成的一英尺的降雨。所以推知,提及Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题:澳大利亚的气候变化引发灾难。故选B。
6.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的but可知,画线词所在分句与前面的分句之间是转折关系,根据but前的warmth和画线词后的wild and unforgiving可知,vicious应与wild(狂暴的)和unforgiving(难对付的)意思相近,与warmth(温暖)意思相反,故选D。
7.B　细节理解题。根据题干中的“compound extremes”可定位到第三段,根据“One climate disaster strengthens the next”可知,“compound extremes”指的是一种气候灾害加剧另一种;第四段阐述了这个过程,因此是温度升高导致了“compound extremes”。故选B。
8.C　推理判断题。文章第一、二段引出话题(澳大利亚的气候变化引发灾难),下文描述了它们的危害、成因以及造成的经济成本等。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.admit v.承认　2.former adj.以前的　3.ease v.缓解　4.strengthen v.加强;增强　5.absorb v.吸收　6.complain v.抱怨　7.ignore v.忽略　8.recovery n.恢复　9.take...into account 把……考虑进去
【熟词生义】　foot n.英尺
【差距词汇】　compound adj.复合的
长难句　原句　Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet worked out recovery plans that are clear and that take future risks into account.
分析　本句中complain后是that引导的宾语从句;“after ignoring climate change for years”是时间状语;and连接两个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词recovery plans,两个that在从句中都作主语。
译文　许多灾区的澳大利亚人抱怨说,他们的政府多年来一直忽视气候变化,还没有制订出明确的、考虑到未来风险的恢复计划。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着全球变暖、海平面上升和自然灾害的影响比以前更加严重,一些地方社区正在采取行动。
1.more serious　考查形容词比较级。由空后的than before可知,设空处应用形容词比较级作表语,表示“更严重的”。故填more serious。句意:随着全球变暖、海平面上升和自然灾害的影响比以前更加严重,一些地方社区正在采取行动。
2.where　考查定语从句。由语境可知设空处引导定语从句,修饰地点名词community,设空处在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。句意:它们中包括佛罗里达州的一个社区,在那里当地人民和政府官员在保护沿海城市免受海平面上升威胁方面取得了成功。
3.effective　考查形容词。设空处在句中作定语,修饰名词ways,应用形容词effective,表示“有效的”。
4.to ban　考查不定式。persuade sb. to do sth.表示“说服某人做某事”。故填to ban。
5.building　考查动名词。recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”。故填building。
6.gradually　考查副词。设空处作状语,应用副词,gradually表示“逐渐地”。
7.whether/if　考查宾语从句。doubt后接宾语从句,设空处在从句中不作任何成分,又根据语境可知,设空处表示“是否”,所以应填whether或if。句意:虽然佛罗里达州的一些政府官员不敢肯定气候是否会变得更热或更冷,但居住在这些地方的人们确信有必要保护他们的社区。
8.locations　考查名词及其单复数。设空处在句中作介词in的宾语且由these修饰,应填名词复数形式。故填locations。
9.with　考查介词。come up with为固定短语,表示“想出”,此处是动名词短语在句中作主语。
10.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语At present可知,句子应用一般现在时,主语是动名词短语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故填is。
【高频词汇】　1.take action采取行动　2.persuade v.劝说　3.recommend v.推荐;建议　4.founder n.创始人;建立者　5.agree on sth.同意/赞成某事　6.doubt v.不敢肯定;怀疑　7.concern n.重要的事情;担心
【熟词生义】　1.address v.设法解决;演讲;称呼
2.development n.新建住宅区
长难句　原句　Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became gradually clear that her state’s 27 water authorities couldn’t agree on joint action at large.
分析　本句为主从复合句。one of the group’s founders是Kristin Jacobs的同位语;after引导时间状语从句,从句中it为形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。
译文　该团体的创始人之一Kristin Jacobs所在州的27个水务局无法就联合行动全部达成一致,当这种情况逐渐变得明确后,她于2008年决定采取行动。
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