2024译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练习--Unit 3 五年高考练

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步
Unit 3　The art of painting
五年高考练
阅读理解
A
(2022全国乙,A)
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45　Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re admission.
Closed:24-26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
词汇积累
1.masterpiece n.代表作,杰作
2.contemporary n.同代人adj.同一时代的;现代的
3.re admission n.重新接纳;允许再次加入
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A.Sun. 26 Oct.　　　　B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov.　　　　D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4.　　B.￡8.　　C.￡12.　　D.￡16.
3.How can full time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
B
(2022全国新高考Ⅰ,D)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Dami’n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip(嘴唇)to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved(进化) around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
词汇积累
1.ground breaking adj.创新的,开拓性的;开天辟地的
2.labiodental n.& adj.唇齿音(的)
3.overbite n.覆咬合; 上包齿
4.Neolithic adj.新石器时代的
5.jawbone n.下颌骨
6.hunter gatherer n.狩猎采集者
7.overturn v.打翻;推翻
8.interplay n.相互影响(或作用)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami’n Blasi’s research focus on
A.Its variety.
B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its development.
5.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
6.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
7.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3　The art of painting
五年高考练
A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰著名画家Henry Raeburn的作品展的相关信息。
1.B　细节理解题。根据表格中Raeburn’s English Contemporaries的信息可知,恰当的参观时间为10月30日,星期四。故选B。
2.B　细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知,参观者为一对夫妇外加两个十二岁以下的孩子,根据Admission部分中的“￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知,一名十二岁以下儿童在成人陪同下参观是免费的,一位成人需要花费4英镑,两位是8英镑。故选B。
3.C　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“full time students”以及“group discounts”可迅速定位到最后一段,由此可知,在老师带领下才享有折扣。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,与饮食相关的人类咬合方式的变化导致了新的语音的出现。
4.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Dami’n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.”可知Dami’n Blasi的研究团队发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因,即研究关注的是人类语音的发展。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知古代成年人上下门牙是对齐的,不便发出唇齿音,后来人类的颌变成了覆咬合结构,使得发出唇齿音更容易。故可推知古代成年人很难发出唇齿音的原因是他们的颌构造上的不便。
6.A　主旨大意题。第五段提到,在过去几千年里,“f”和“v”的使用显著增加,但是这些音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到。这与上文提到的研究结果一致。通过本段第一句话中的“also confirmed”以及最后一句中的“still”可知本段主要是关于研究结果的证据。
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable...the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”可知Steven Moran认为人类使用的语音不一定保持稳定,我们今天发现的各种语音都是诸如生物变化和文化演变之类的复杂的相互作用的产物,因此它是一个复杂、动态的系统。
长难句　
原句　“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
分析　引号内是由but连接的并列复合句;“we use”是省略引导词的定语从句,修饰先行词speech sounds;“that we find today”是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词speech sounds;“a member of the research team”作同位语,解释Steven Moran的身份。
译文　研究小组成员斯蒂芬·莫兰说:“自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音集合不一定保持稳定,但是我们今天发现的各种各样的语音是生物变化和文化演变等复杂的相互作用的产物。”
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