高中英语语法之名词性从句

高中英语语法之名词性从句什么是名词性从句？上一章，我们了解的是定语从句，加上我们以前了解的宾语从句和状语从句，好像“名词性从句”这个概念本身就和我们所熟知的概念不是一路货色。没错。请看下表：根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句【主语从句】------主语从句在句子中作主语。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. 【宾语从句】-------- 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。 He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. 【表语从句】-----表语从句的最重要就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。抽象名词。如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等。 That fact that the policeman didn’t fire at the man at all was ignored. Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom. 连接词：---------【连接代词、连接副词和连接词】 通过以上介绍，我们可以看出，四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。如下表： 引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词 that, if, whether 连接代词 who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever连接副词 when, where, how, why 【考点一：语序问题】----名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.I don’t know what his name is.I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.Can you tell me what size shoes you wear 小试牛刀 （MET1991）No one can be sure ______ in a million years. A. what will man look like B. what man will look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like【考点二：连接词的选择】名词性从句中连接词的运用[that的用法。]①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句-------（B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ... (2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句------ (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句------（D）It seems/happens that (4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句-------It is said that China will win in the World Cup.【whether和if的用法。】①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions. A. that B. whether C. why D. what 　1. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. （1996） A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 2. The question of _______ they are old or young is not important. A. which B. whether C. how D. if 3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 4. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not. if B. when C. whether D. How 【what用法:】 （1）常翻译为“什么”、“所……的”、“……的东西/样子/事情”； （2）常考其在从句中作主语或宾语的用法。尤其是主语从句中考查频率最大。 （3）whatever的意思为“无论什么、任何事物”，没有疑问含义。 【连接词之间的区别：】1.that和what的区别问题what 在从句中作的主语、宾语、表语。而that只是一个“连接词”，既不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如: What you did doesn’t agree with what you promised. . What we can’t get always seems better than what we have already got. I think that your composition is no better than his.[小试牛刀] What we have seen is different from _______. A. we heard B. we have heard C. what we heard D. what we have heard I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting. A. that you said B. which you said C. all what you said D. what you saidIt’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says2.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有限定和修饰关系They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 【考点三：名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致】（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 精典名题导解1. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A. how B. after C. what D. when2. I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A. it B. that C. these D. them3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how4. The news _____ our team has won the match is unknown. A. which B. if C. whether D. then5.Don’t leave for tomorrow _______ you can do today. A. if B. what C. that D. unless