备考2024届高考英语阅读理解技巧课件(共34张PPT)
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| 名称 | 备考2024届高考英语阅读理解技巧课件(共34张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 14:18:49 | ||
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(共34张PPT)
高考英语阅读理解
解题技巧
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义；
２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；
４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；
６、理解作者的意图和态度；
7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。
阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和的正确率。
因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。
主旨大意型
事实细节型
词 义 猜 测 型
命 题 类
阅读理解命题特点：
推 理 判 断 型
观 点 态 度 型
一:主旨大意题
1)What does the writer mainly tell us
2)Which of the following can
summarize the main idea of this text
3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea
4)Which is the subject discussed in the text
6)What’s the best title for this passage
主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:
Main Idea/Best Title
How to find the topic sentence of a passage
Sometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic sentence
Sometimes the last sentence is the topic sentence
Sometimes the topic sentence is in the middle of a passage
Sometimes you have to put several key sentences together to get the main idea
练中学
Sample 1
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
（2）主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
应试技巧 如何寻找主题句
Sample 2
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven‘t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
（2）主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 3
Tigers are found in many Asian countries．In the forest and grasslands，a tiger is hard to see．A tiger's golden coloured coat with its dark stripes is not easily seen for its hair is the same colour as the blades of yellowish grass and patches of deep shadow．
This camouflage（伪装）is very important because tigers are hunters．If other animals could see a tiger coming，they would quickly run away． The tiger has very strong，sharp teeth which are used for seizing and eating the animals it catches．
The best title for this passage is ______ ．
A．Tigers and Other Small Animals
B. Something about Tigers
C．Tigers' Camouflage D．How Tigers Live
Sample 4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.（2Min）
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four
years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from
Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at
Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
detail
detail
detail
二：事实细节型
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true
2. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned
3. All of the following are true EXCEPT _____.
4. In the passage the writer states that ______.
5. Choose the best order.
6.According to the passage, who/what/ which/when/where/why /how ...
Skills:
1.use scanning to find out the answer directly
2.get rid of the wrong ones
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：
大体可分为直接理解题和语义转换题，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
事实细节型
提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City_______.
A. to visit a friend
B. to see his parents
C. to pay or the cash register
D. to have more gas for his car
Passage1
Passage2
The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows……
Q1) ____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃to 90℃.
A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275
三：词义猜测型
生活
常识
上下文
对比
转折
因果
关系
同位
关系
同义词
反义词
构词法
定义
猜
How to guess the meaning of words
要熟悉常见的设问形式：
1) The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to /means ________.
2) What does “______” in paragraph … stand for /mean
3) “______” could best be replaced by which of the following
4) The expression /phrase “_______” means ______.
5) The word “______” is closest in meaning to ______.
1. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．
“homely”means “ ”.
ugly
（反义词、同义词）
反义词常见信号词：however, but, while,
whereas, unlike, otherwise等；
同义词常见信号词：or, namely, that is, i.e.,
that is to say,等。
2. Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous．It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest比赛．
“gorgeous” means
3.Today was a very hectic day for me．I woke up late, hurried to the office, worked until four，went to the store, cooked dinner and washed clothes. I did so many things that I was certainly very tired．
“hectic”means “ ”. （根据常识）
beautiful
（根据上下文）
busy
(09安徽) The following year, he met John
Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at
Ridgway’s School of Adventure in Scotland,
where he learned about Ridgway’s cold-water
exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all
he could about North Pole explorers and
adventures, then decided that this would be
his future.
同义法
Question: The underlined word “exploits” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. journeys B. researches
C. adventures D. operations
Most women in Ghana —— the educated
and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young
and old work to earn an income in addition
to maintaining their roles as housewives and
mothers. Their reputation for economic
independence, self-reliance, and hard work
is well known and well deserved.
反义法
Question: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”
A. repeat B. reliterated C. uneducated D. sick
四：推理判断型
推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推理判断型
正确选项一般不是文中的原句
推理判断型 常见的命题方式有：
The passage implies (暗示) that_______.
We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.
Which of the following can be inferred (推论)
What is the tone (语气) of the author
What is the purpose (目的) of this passage
The passage is intended to _____.
Where would this passage most probably appear
“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call .Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners .We know very little about these new diseases .A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）.Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.
1 (09全国Ⅰ)
67. The text suggests that in the future we .
A. should stop buying pets from America
B. may easily get infected by diseases from dogs
C. should not be allowed to have pets
D. may have to fight against more new diseases
(absolute)
(absolute)
(wrong)
五：观点态度型
说明文中作者的态度: objective
neutral
在议论文中，有：
(1)positive (2)negative
(3)approval
(4) disapproval
(5) indifferent
(6)ironic (7)critical
(8)optimistic (9)pessimistic
客观的
消极的
漠不关心的
赞成的
不赞成的
乐观的
悲观的
Taking notes:
中立的
积极的
讽刺的
批评的
既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。
理解作者的观点和态度题主要形式:
1.The author’s view is …
2. How does the author feel about….
3. What is the author’s attitude towards …
Why isn't your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder bribery（行贿），and death. Frankly ,I'm sick of all this bad news．
Attitude inferences
（根据能表达作者态度的词推断）
This author's attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ ．
A. complain B. apologize
C. amuse D. inform
答题时注意正确项和干扰选项的特征，回原文找答案。
★阅读理解解题策略
正确项
正话反说、肯定句变成双重否定、同义词替换、叙述角度转换而中心意思不变等。
干扰项
① 绝对化
② 偷换概念
③ 片面化
④ 串段现象
⑤ 无中生有
得分不高的主要问题
1.语言知识问题
1).词汇量不达标,识记的单词太少
2).语法基础较差
2.背景知识问题
3.分析能力问题
4.心理因素问题
有些学生在阅读中因粗心大意而导致失误。
阅读策略训练
1.强化基础训练
扩大词汇量的最好方法是大量阅读
还需要学一点构词法---前缀、后缀
和合成
2.丰富背景知识
3.注意体裁特点
4.注意正确的阅读方法的使用
高考英语阅读理解
解题技巧
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义；
２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；
４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；
６、理解作者的意图和态度；
7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。
阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和的正确率。
因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。
主旨大意型
事实细节型
词 义 猜 测 型
命 题 类
阅读理解命题特点：
推 理 判 断 型
观 点 态 度 型
一:主旨大意题
1)What does the writer mainly tell us
2)Which of the following can
summarize the main idea of this text
3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea
4)Which is the subject discussed in the text
6)What’s the best title for this passage
主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:
Main Idea/Best Title
How to find the topic sentence of a passage
Sometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic sentence
Sometimes the last sentence is the topic sentence
Sometimes the topic sentence is in the middle of a passage
Sometimes you have to put several key sentences together to get the main idea
练中学
Sample 1
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
（2）主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
应试技巧 如何寻找主题句
Sample 2
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven‘t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
（2）主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 3
Tigers are found in many Asian countries．In the forest and grasslands，a tiger is hard to see．A tiger's golden coloured coat with its dark stripes is not easily seen for its hair is the same colour as the blades of yellowish grass and patches of deep shadow．
This camouflage（伪装）is very important because tigers are hunters．If other animals could see a tiger coming，they would quickly run away． The tiger has very strong，sharp teeth which are used for seizing and eating the animals it catches．
The best title for this passage is ______ ．
A．Tigers and Other Small Animals
B. Something about Tigers
C．Tigers' Camouflage D．How Tigers Live
Sample 4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.（2Min）
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four
years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from
Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at
Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
detail
detail
detail
二：事实细节型
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true
2. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned
3. All of the following are true EXCEPT _____.
4. In the passage the writer states that ______.
5. Choose the best order.
6.According to the passage, who/what/ which/when/where/why /how ...
Skills:
1.use scanning to find out the answer directly
2.get rid of the wrong ones
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：
大体可分为直接理解题和语义转换题，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
事实细节型
提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City_______.
A. to visit a friend
B. to see his parents
C. to pay or the cash register
D. to have more gas for his car
Passage1
Passage2
The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows……
Q1) ____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃to 90℃.
A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275
三：词义猜测型
生活
常识
上下文
对比
转折
因果
关系
同位
关系
同义词
反义词
构词法
定义
猜
How to guess the meaning of words
要熟悉常见的设问形式：
1) The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to /means ________.
2) What does “______” in paragraph … stand for /mean
3) “______” could best be replaced by which of the following
4) The expression /phrase “_______” means ______.
5) The word “______” is closest in meaning to ______.
1. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．
“homely”means “ ”.
ugly
（反义词、同义词）
反义词常见信号词：however, but, while,
whereas, unlike, otherwise等；
同义词常见信号词：or, namely, that is, i.e.,
that is to say,等。
2. Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous．It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest比赛．
“gorgeous” means
3.Today was a very hectic day for me．I woke up late, hurried to the office, worked until four，went to the store, cooked dinner and washed clothes. I did so many things that I was certainly very tired．
“hectic”means “ ”. （根据常识）
beautiful
（根据上下文）
busy
(09安徽) The following year, he met John
Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at
Ridgway’s School of Adventure in Scotland,
where he learned about Ridgway’s cold-water
exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all
he could about North Pole explorers and
adventures, then decided that this would be
his future.
同义法
Question: The underlined word “exploits” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. journeys B. researches
C. adventures D. operations
Most women in Ghana —— the educated
and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young
and old work to earn an income in addition
to maintaining their roles as housewives and
mothers. Their reputation for economic
independence, self-reliance, and hard work
is well known and well deserved.
反义法
Question: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”
A. repeat B. reliterated C. uneducated D. sick
四：推理判断型
推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推理判断型
正确选项一般不是文中的原句
推理判断型 常见的命题方式有：
The passage implies (暗示) that_______.
We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.
Which of the following can be inferred (推论)
What is the tone (语气) of the author
What is the purpose (目的) of this passage
The passage is intended to _____.
Where would this passage most probably appear
“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call .Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners .We know very little about these new diseases .A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）.Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.
1 (09全国Ⅰ)
67. The text suggests that in the future we .
A. should stop buying pets from America
B. may easily get infected by diseases from dogs
C. should not be allowed to have pets
D. may have to fight against more new diseases
(absolute)
(absolute)
(wrong)
五：观点态度型
说明文中作者的态度: objective
neutral
在议论文中，有：
(1)positive (2)negative
(3)approval
(4) disapproval
(5) indifferent
(6)ironic (7)critical
(8)optimistic (9)pessimistic
客观的
消极的
漠不关心的
赞成的
不赞成的
乐观的
悲观的
Taking notes:
中立的
积极的
讽刺的
批评的
既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。
理解作者的观点和态度题主要形式:
1.The author’s view is …
2. How does the author feel about….
3. What is the author’s attitude towards …
Why isn't your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder bribery（行贿），and death. Frankly ,I'm sick of all this bad news．
Attitude inferences
（根据能表达作者态度的词推断）
This author's attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ ．
A. complain B. apologize
C. amuse D. inform
答题时注意正确项和干扰选项的特征，回原文找答案。
★阅读理解解题策略
正确项
正话反说、肯定句变成双重否定、同义词替换、叙述角度转换而中心意思不变等。
干扰项
① 绝对化
② 偷换概念
③ 片面化
④ 串段现象
⑤ 无中生有
得分不高的主要问题
1.语言知识问题
1).词汇量不达标,识记的单词太少
2).语法基础较差
2.背景知识问题
3.分析能力问题
4.心理因素问题
有些学生在阅读中因粗心大意而导致失误。
阅读策略训练
1.强化基础训练
扩大词汇量的最好方法是大量阅读
还需要学一点构词法---前缀、后缀
和合成
2.丰富背景知识
3.注意体裁特点
4.注意正确的阅读方法的使用