2015英语中考题复习：专题二 冠词

2015中考专题（2) 冠词
【中考解读】
【考点分布】1.不定冠词 2.定冠词 3.零冠词
【考点内容】掌握a/an/the以及零冠词的基本用法，并且能在具体的语境中正确使用冠词
【命题趋势】1.考查冠词的基本用法和习惯用语
2.不定冠词表泛指的用法
3.定冠词表特指的用法
【冠词定义】冠词是置于名词之前的一种虚词。
冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在
【冠词分类】
【记】冠词有两种，定冠（the) 不定冠（a/an), 用于名词之前，本身不能单独使用
第一讲 不定冠词a, an的基本用法
不定冠词a和an都用在可数名词单数之前。
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前．
a book a useful book
【2013贵州铜仁3】—Is it _________ bag —No, it’s an old cap.
A. the B. an C. a D. Any
【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔1】Englis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h is ______ useful language. We should learn it well.
A. a B. an C. the
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前
an egg an unusual story
【2013四川雅安3】 There is ______ egg in the bowl.
A. a B. （不填） C. an D. The
【2013福建福州2】— What's in the box
— There is _________ apple and some oranges in it.
A. a B. an C. the
【2013浙江绍兴2】—Who’s that young man on the poster
—Justin Bieber, ____excellent singer.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2013江苏淮安2】Every day, Cathy eats ________ apple to keep fit.
　　　 A. a B. an C. the D. /
【分步讲解】
①用于第一次提到的人或事物的名称前
I saw a boy over there. He was sleeping.我看到一个男孩在那边。他正在睡觉。
【2013江苏徐州1】 —Lily，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re is ________ schoolbag near the window. Is it yours
—Yes，it is. Thank you!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
②用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个，相当于any
【2013大连1】Jim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is __________ good basketball player. He plays in our school team.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【2014重庆A2】I have ______ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
③表示数量“一”，相当于one或each
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.我有一张嘴、一个鼻子和两只眼睛。
【2013江苏盐城2】 The house is very nice. Has it got _____ garden
A. / B. a C. an D. the
④指某人或某物，但不具体指明哪个人或物
A man is waiting for you at the gate.有个人正在大门口等你。
⑤表示类别，泛指某一类人或物
A horse is bigger than a rabbit.马比兔子大一些。
⑥表示“每一”的意思，相当于every once a week一周一次；
200 kilometers an hour每小时200公里
⑦用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示 “一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”.
That is ____ green tea. They were caught in _____ heavy rain.
a pleasure / a success/ a failure
⑧用在某些固定搭配中
1.与时间和方式有关的短语
a moment ago刚才
all of a sudden, 突然
once upon a time很久以前
twice a week, 一周两次
in a loud voice 用很高的声音
with a smile面带微笑
at a high speed以很高的速度
just a minute/moment一会儿
2.与一些常用动词构成搭配
catch a bad cold患感冒
do a good deed做好事
go out for a walk 外出散步
have a good time玩得高兴
make a promise许诺
take a message捎口信
keep an eye on注视
take an interest in对.......感兴趣
have a match比赛
3. 其他搭配
a bit一点；
in a word总而言之；
a few一些；几个
a little 一点儿
a lot很，非常
in a hurry匆忙，急于
have a try试一试　　　　
have a look看一看
have a swim游泳
have a good time过得愉快；玩得高兴
a pair of 一双、副、条
a couple of 一双、一对
a great deal of许多
( ) Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.
A. a B. an C. the
【2013湖南娄底1】—My family and I will go to Changsha this summer holiday.
—Have_________ good time.
A. a B. an C. the
特殊用法
1.用在such a/an, quite a/an/half a/an句式中。
such a busy day如此忙的一天；
half an hour半小时
She is quite a good teacher.
2.用在what 引导的感叹句中。
What a good doctor he is!
3.a +序数词表示“又一，再一”相当another
He has bought two dictionaries, and he
wants to buy a third one.
【2013甘肃兰州2】Do you know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ____ second
A. the B. a C. / D. an
【中考真题训练】：
【注】：（1）不定冠词a 和an的区别：
a 用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名
词前。即：不见元不加an，不看字母看字母发音。
如: a horse, an hour, an apple等。
下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a， an的各种情况：
Aa an apple/an artist/an aunt/an Asian country/an American girl
Ee a European country/an egg/an eight-year-old boy/an 11-year-old boy
Ii an idea/an interesting story
Oo an orange/an old man/an outgoing girl
Uu a useful book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/a university student/ a UFO/a usual story/an umbrella/an ugly man/an uncle/an unusual story/ an unhappy smile
特别记 不规则：an hour/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an honest man以元音音素开头的字母：an “a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x”
【中考真题训练】：
【2013湖北恩施3】My teach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er told me that I forgot________“h" in the word“weight".
A. / B. a C. an
【2013大庆1】 Chairman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Xi Jingping had _______ friendly talk with U.S President Obama
in _________ America.
A. a; / B.the; / C. /; the D. a; an
【2013吉林1】 Look! Ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is _______ elephant on the grass. It is playing with a ball.
A. an B. a C. the
【2013湖南株洲2】 Don't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )give him too much homework. He is just ___eleven-year-old boy.
A. a B. an C. the
【2014绍兴1】My bro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther Fred woke up with _______ bad headache, yet by the evening the
pain had gone.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【2014潍坊2】Reading can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )make you become _______ expert and change your life.
A. a B. an C. 不填 D. the
【2014台州1】—What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King, Sally
—It’s _______ funny one.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【中考真题训练】：
【a训练】
【2014成都2】I’m going to be ___________basketball player.
A. the　 B. a　 C. An
【2014铜仁3】 Do you know ____ an “o” and ____ “u” in the word “computer”
A. there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is, an B. is there, an C. there is, a D. is there, a
【2014无锡4】—What do you think of Frank
—He’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ boy and he shows great interest in anything new.
A.the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reative B.a creative C.the curious D.a curious
【2014漳州1】----what’s this in English，Maria
-----It's ________map．
A．a B．an C. The
【2014河北1】Let’s take ______ photo! Everyone, cheese!
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【2014重庆市B1】Jolin is _______ famous singer. She has a lot of fans.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014东营1】“If you stop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dropping litter, I’ll kiss ______pig.” The head teacher promised
the students at a school meeting.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014聊城2】—Daming, what’s your dream
—I want to be _______ engineer some day.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【2014丽水2】Mr. Smith ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has _______ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national
painting prizes.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【2014重庆C2】
I have ______ Englis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h dictionary and it helps me a lot.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014陕西2】I had ______ unusual day on my last school trip.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
【a/an训练】
【2013绥化2】 It’s sai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that ______ apple ________ day keeps the doctor away.
A. a; an B.an; a C. the; the
【2014宜宾2】I think En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish is ______ useful language, and it’s also ______ important
language.
A. an, a B. a, an C. an, the D. a, the
【2014宜宾2】I th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink English is ______ useful language, and it’s also ______ important
language.
A. an, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. a, an C. an, the D. a, the
第二讲 定冠词the的基本用法
①特指某（些）人或某（些）物
The man in the car is Mr. Smith. 车里的人是史密斯先生。
The book on the desk is Jim’s. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的。
②用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前
She plays the piano twice a day.她每两天弹一次钢琴。
I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.
③用于谈话双方都知道的人或事物前
Open the door, please.请把门打开．（双方都知道要打开哪扇门．）
【中考真题训练】：
【2014湖州3】Who is _______ young lady with curly blonde hair
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014温州3】Cathy was ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y happy to meet ______ old friend on the plane to Paris.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014威海3】Mom, I like _______ green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【2014嘉兴3】—What’s the matter with you
—I can’t remember where I parked _______ car.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
④用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物
The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说很重要。
⑤和某些形容词连用，表示一类人，在意义上常是复数
【记】 the+adj. 表一类人
the old老人； the sick病人； the rich富人
The young should respect the old.
⑥用在姓氏的复数名词前，指一家人或夫妇
【记】the+姓s==姓…的一家人 the Wangs王先生一家
The Smiths are cleaning their new house.
⑦用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前
the first floor一楼；
the tallest building最高的建筑物
The third girl is the tallest
⑧用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前；
the Changjiang River长江；
the Pacific Ocean太平洋；
the sun太阳；
the world世界
⑨5.表示宇宙中或世界上独一无二的事物
【记】世界 ( the world ) 上的太阳 (the sun)、月亮(the moon)、地球(the earth )
在天空(the sky ) 中
【2013 浙江湖州3】— John, may I use your car I want to go to the library.
— Sure. Here is ________ key.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2013辽宁锦州2】Can you see ______ sun at night
A. a B. the C. an D. /
⑩用在由普通名词构成的一些表示机构、文娱场所、商店、设施等专有名词前
the Great Wall长城；
the Science Museum科学博物馆；　
the Friendship Store友谊商店
【2013湖南益阳1】____Great Wall is____ longest wall in the world.
A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a
在叙述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时
【2013湘潭3】—What can you see in my hand, Tony
—I can see a book. ________ book is green.
A.A B.An C.The
(12)用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。
in the east/west
on the left/right
in the daytime,
in the end
on the other hand,
in the morning/afternoon/evening
(13)在逢十的数词的复数形式前, 指世纪的某个年代。
in the 1990s
(14)用在next, last, same, only等词前
the next moment下一刻
(15)用在某些固定搭配中
常用定冠词的习惯短语
1.与时间相关的短语
all the time,
in the past,
in the day,
at the same time,
the day before yesterday,
the next day
2.与地点相关的短语
in the front of, in the world,
in/on the street,
in/on/to the east of,
at the back of ,
on the right/left,
in the middle of,
at/in/on the corner of
3.常用定冠词的地名，组织名：
the Summer Palace, the WTO, the Palace Museum， the Himalayas,
4.其他固定短语
break the law,
just the same,
in the habit of,
with the help of,
in the form of,
listen to the radio,
make the best use of,
join the army/league
定冠词的用法口诀
特指重提和唯一，海洋党派最高级。
方位顺序和乐器，请你记住定冠词。
【中考真题训练】：
【the训练】
【2013自贡3】.More than 15 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0 people were killed when ________ earthquake took place in
Lushan Sichuan on April 20, 2013.
A. / B. an C.the
【2014菏泽2】Doing lots of listening practice is one of _______ best ways of becoming
_______ good language learner.
A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; a D. the; 不填
【2014滨州2】—Look! Who’s _______ boy over there
—Oh, he’s my cousin, Bob. He is _______ honest boy.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; an D. a; an
【2014泰安2】—Is _______ red bag under the table yours, Jean
—No. I only have _______ yellow bag. Maybe it's Julia's.
A. a: the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the
【2014甘肃白银4】—What’s the matter ______ you
—I have _______ toothache.
A. a; the B. the; / C. /; a D. the; a
【2014天津3】—Mary, who’s ______ woman over there
—She’s my aunt, ______ English teacher.
A. th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e; the B. a; the C. the; an D. a; an
【2014苏州3】If we si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t by______window of the train, we'll have ______ better view.
A. /; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
【2014呼和浩特4】— Why did you laugh just now？
—Ted wanted to tell us ______ very funny story, but he forgot ______
ending himself.
A. a; an B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
【2014贵阳1】 It is r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eported that a terrible rainstorm hit__ south of our country last night.
A. the B. a C. an
【2014十堰3】—Can you play ________ guitar
—Sure. It’s a piece of cake for me.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014淮安3】Beijing is one of ______ biggest cities in China.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2014吉林3】I guess _____ hat with flowers belongs to Kate.
A. a B. an C. the
【2014杭州3】My cousin went abroad at _____ age of eighteen.
A . a B. an C. the D. 不填
【a/an与the训练】
【2013扬州2】---Excuse me, is there ________ book by Mo Yan
---Yes. It’s on _________ bookshelf over there.
A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a
【2013潍坊3】 —I missed the beginning of ________ cartoon The Lion King.
—W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat a pity! You should have left school half ________ hour earlier.
A. a;an B.the; a C.the; an D. an; the
【2013广安3】—What’s this
—It’s ________ apple. ________ apple is red.
A. an;An B. a; The C.an;The
【2014丹东3】— Do you often play ______ tennis after school
—No, I don’t like sports. I often play______ guitar.
A. a, the B. the, / C. /, the D. the, a
【2014安顺1】 This is ____ useful book, ____ book is my brother's.
A. a; the B. an; the C. a; an D. an; a
【2014达州4】—Look! There is a monkey eating ________ apple in the tree.
—En, ________ monkey is very cute.
A. a; a B. a; the C. an; an D. an; the
【2014扬州2】—Have you seen ________ film Where are We Going, Dad
—Yes, it’s ________ interesting film!
A. a; the B. the; an C. a; an D. the; the
【2014福州2】 Lin Dan is ________. I’m ________big fan of him.
A. a ;the B. an ;a C. the ;an
【2014龙东地区3】－Will you get there by ________bike
－No, I will take ________bus.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a
【2014连云港3】Lee Min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-ho is _____ actor from South Korea. He sang _____ Chinese
pop song on the 2014 CCTV New Year’s Gala.
A. the；an B. /; the C. an；a D. a; /
【2014黔西南州2】—How was _______dinner at Mike’s house
—It was great. Mike’s mum is _______ wonderful cook.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; an
【2014河南2】21. —What _______ heavy rain it was!
—Yes, but I love _______ air after it rains. It smells so fresh.
A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a
第三讲 零冠词的基本用法
①在一日三餐、球类运动、、棋类、游戏名词前 一般不加冠词
have breakfast，play chess
Chinese汉语；math数学；chess国际象棋；have supper吃晚饭； play football踢足球
We were having______ lunch when they came in.
Mary is interested in ______ science
【2013天津4】—What do you usually have for ______ breakfast
—A piece of bread and ______egg.
A. a；an B.不填；the C. a；the D. 不填；an
【2013新疆2】 Dave do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esn’t like playing ____ volleyball, but he likes playing ____ piano.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, /
【2013贵州黔东南3】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Zhu Zhiwen was ______ usual farmer several years ago. But now he
is______ famous singer. He can play ______ piano.
A. an, a ,the B. a, a, the C. an, a, / D. a, a, /
【2013江苏宿迁4】My cousin A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndy can play ____piano very well, but he isn’t god at playing
_____ basketball.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
【2013山东泰安2】 —Do you play _______ piano in your free time
—No, I like sports. I often play_______ soccer with my friends.
A. 不填；the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; a
②专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、 地名等名词前，一般不加冠词
time时间； water水； fruit水果
We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.
【2013湖北咸宁3】 Maria would like _____ orange, not _____ orange juice.
　　 A. a; the B. /; an C. an; /　 D. an; an
【2013黑龙江大庆1】 Chair ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man Xi Jinping had _____ friendly talk with US President
Obama in ____ America.
A. a; / B. the; / C. / ; the D. a; an
③复数名词表示一类人或事物时
Drivers mustn’t drink.司机千万不要喝酒
Come this way, please.请这边来。
May I ask you some questions.我可以问你一些问题吗？
④与by连用的交通工具前
by train乘火车； by bus乘公共汽车
⑤专有名词，如人名、地名、街道名、表示泛指时等
Mr Wang王先生； Alice爱丽丝。
Beijing Street 北京大街；
Teachers’ Day 教师节
March 8 is ______ Women's Day.
Tomorrow is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.
⑥在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节前
Sunday星期天；January一月；summer 夏天
In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.
【2013四川凉山3】The thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd Sunday of June is Father’s day. It’s special day for children to show their love to their father.
A. a; the B. the; a C. /;a
⑦名词前有疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时
名词前已有指示代词(this, tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, these, those)和物主代词(my, your, his, her, our, their, its)或不定代词(some, any, no, each, every)等作定语时不用任何冠词。
My pen is much more expensive than yours.
this book这本书； my son我的儿子； Jack’s bike杰克的自行车
⑧学科名词前一般不用冠词。
Study English/Chinese/French
⑨在某些固定搭配中
1.与时间，地点，方式或状态有关的一些词组中：
at night
at first
at last,
on time
in time
at work
on foot
for example
go to college
2.在一些动词短语中，
catch fire,
take part in,
watch TV,
pay attention to，
lose weight,
take care of,
keep...in mind
3.单数名词相对应使用时介词或连词连接的两个相对，相同或关系密切的单数名词常用零冠词：
day by day
step by step
hand in hand
husband and wife
father and son
little by little
face to face
side by side
【注意】：
节日前一般不加冠词，但我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前，要加定冠词the。
the Spring Festival春节。
以下国家名称前用the:
the United States ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+the/U.S./ the USA美国；the United kingdom/the U.K.英国
【2013广东梅州2】 ______ man in black is from ______ England.
A. The; the B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the
零冠词的用法口诀
下列情况不用冠词，球类学科和三餐；
专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前；
交通手段和节日，习俗称谓和头衔。
【追踪训练】
( ) 1. —After he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aring this news, he has____ unpleasant look on his face.
—If I were him, I would be unhappy too.
A. the B. an C. / D. a
( ) 2. —Do you enjoy your stay in China, Jim
—Yes. I had_____wonderful time.
A. / B. a C. the D. an
( ) 3. —Kate, we ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve already been waiting for you for half_____ hour.
—Oh, so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rry. There is something wrong with my bike on the way here.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 4. —Would you like to have _____ dinner with me
—Yes, I’d like to.
A. / B. an C. a D. the
( ) 5. —What’s your dream？
—I’m going to be a teacher in _____future.
A. / B. a C. the D. an
【有无冠词区别大】
in hospital住院 /in the hospital在医院里
in front of在…(外部的)前面 /in the front of在…(内部的)前面
at table进餐 /at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船 /by the sea在海边
go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…) /go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
next year明年 /the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)
a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
【追踪训练】
Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.
Last night I went to______ bed very late