2015中考英语专题十一 动词分类及动词短语

2015中考专题（11）动词分类及动词短语
2015中考专题（11）动词的分类及动词短语
第一讲 动词的分类
【中考解读】
【考点分布】1.实义动词
2.连系动词
3.助动词
4.情态动词
【考点内容】掌握实义动词中及物动词和不及物动词的语法作用 和延续性动词的用法，
牢记连系动词和助动词基本用法及情态动词的辨析与运用。
【命题趋势】1.考察在特殊语境中动词、连系动词、助动词及情
态动词的运用
2.实义动词的词义辨析
【动词定义】：表示动作和状态的词
【动词分类】：动词按照其词义和在句中的作用可分为：
实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词
【近四年中考考前分析】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
一、系动词
系动词有一定的词义，不但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，
说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类见下表
类别 功能 例词
表示状态的be动词 表示主语所处的状态 am, is, are, was, were
表示持续的系动词 表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态 keep, remain, stay, stand, lie
表示感官的系动词 表示人体感官的系动词 look, feel, smell, taste, sound
表示状态的系动词 表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态 become, get, go, grow, turn
She is a friendly gi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rl and always gets on well with others.她很友好，总是能和别人友好相处。
She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.她比三年前漂亮多了。
The window remained open all the night.这扇窗子整夜开着。
The food in that restaurant looks delicious, but it tastes bad.
那家餐馆的食物看起来不错，但尝起来难吃。
【注意】：
（1）一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。
（2）表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时（feel除外）；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，
可用于进行时。
It’s getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。
【中考专题训练】
【2013江苏泰州1】— What do you think of the song “You and Me”？
— It ________ great. I love singing it.
A. tastes B. looks C. smells D. sounds
【2013四川宜宾2】—What do you think of the zongzi
—They ______ delicious. Are they made by your mother
A. sound B. taste C. feel D. look
【2013山东临沂3】25. —Do you know the song Gangnam Style
—Of course. It interesting.
A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels
【2014山东潍坊3】—What will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a science museum be like if you are asked to build one
—I hope it will _____ like a book.
A.taste B.sound C.look D.smell
二 、 助动词
助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、语气、人称和数，构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。
主要的助动词有be, do, have, shall, will等。
1.助动词be
助动词 功能 例句
be 现在进行时： am/ is/ are+现在分词 I am reading a book.我正在看书。
过去进行时： was/were+过去分词 I was cooking when my mom came back.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在煮饭。
被动语态： be+过去分词 The clock was broken.那个钟表坏了。
2.助动词do
助动词 功能 例句
do 构成疑问句、否定句（形式有do, does, did） Do you come from Japan 你来自日本吗？
加强语气 Do be careful!一定要小心点！
代替主要动词 He could dance as well as he did before.他舞跳得和从前一样好。
构成否定祈使 Don’t smoke here!不要在这里吸烟！
3.助动词have/will/shall
助动词 功能 例句
have 构成现在完成时 I have been in Hong Kong for two days.我在香港呆了两天。
will/
shall 构成一般将来时 He will go to Ameri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ca tomorrow.他明天将要去美国。
We said we should finish the work soon.我们说过会很快完成那份工作的。
【2013湖北随州2】22. —Hello, Lisa. What's the matter
—I ______find my mobile phone. _______ you seen it
A.couldn't; Did B. can't; Have C. need ; Had D. must; Are
( ) —Who _____ the first paper in the world
—Cai Lun______
A.invented; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )did B.was invented;was C.did invented ;was D.invented;was
三 实义动词
实义动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。
实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词
1.及物动词之后要跟名词或代词等作宾语意思才完整
①及物动词+宾语
Could I use your computer
②及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
Vegetables help you to keep in good health.
【拓展】带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：
make sb do sth
let sb do sth
have sb do sth
see sb. do sth
watch sb. do sth
hear sb.do sth
notice sb. do sth
③及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Tom lent me a book yesterday.
【常见带双宾语的动词】：
give /bring/buy/le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd/get/leave/make/offer/pass/teach/tell/write/show等
【拓展】 具有类似用法的还有：
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.
pass sb.sth.= pass sth.to sb.
post sb.sth.= post sth.to sb.
lend give sb.sth.= lend sth.to sb.
offer sb.sth.= offer sth.to sb.
buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.
2.不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。
Tom arrived in Shanghai last Sunday.
He talks in a loud voice.
【注】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
She can sing English songs.(及物)
She sings well.(不及物)
2.不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，但不及物动词后往往跟一个介词，构成短语动词之后才能
跟宾语。
I often listen to music on weekends.
(1).有些动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词
She can sing English songs.(及物)
She sings well.(不及物)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它相当于一个及物动词。
1)动词+介词
Tom is looking for his lost pen.
What are you talking about
【注】此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。
2)动词+副词
When I grow up,I’ll be a policeman to catch thieves.
She dressed herself up before the party started.
【注】代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。
3)动词+副词+介词
Keep away from the dangerous building.
Let’s keep in touch with each other.
【注】宾语只能放在介词之后。
4)动词+名词+介词
You should pay attention to your English speaking.
Please help yourself to some fish.
【注】这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后。
5)be+形容词+介词
He is interested in science.
I’m surprised at the news.
云南常考动词辨析
1.pay, spend, cost与take
易混词 主语 常用结构 例句
spend 人 sb spend time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/money on sth
某人在某事上花费时间/金钱
sb spend time/money (in) doing sth
某人花费时间/金钱做某事 He spends much money on books.他将很多钱花在买书上。
pay 人 sb pay some money for sth某人为某物而付款； sb pay for sth某人为某物付钱，赔偿 He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine. 他买药付给医生50英镑
cost 事或物 cost sth cost (sb) some money某物花费(某人)多少钱 It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship.乘船到伦敦要花费你12英镑。
take it it takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费多长时间做某事 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 我去邮局花了十分钟时间。
【2013山东济宁】-D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o you know the price of the ticket -Yes. Each______ 180.
A pays B coasts C takes D.spends
【2014四川南充1】—How much is your coat
—Oh,it _____ me 100 yuan.
A.co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st B.spend C.paid D.took
speak, tell, talk与say
单词 用法
指说话的能力或说某种语言，强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 告诉；讲述，强调讲给别人听。tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事； tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) talk指连续不断地讲话，侧重两者之间相互说话。talk with /to sb.和某人谈话；talk about讨论，谈论
用作及物动词，强调说话的内容
【拓展】详解
(1)say强调说话的内容或“(某处)写有”。
I can say it in English. 我能用英语把它说出来。
(2)speak 作不及物动词时，强调说话的动作；作及物动词时，后面加语言。
The baby can't speak.这个婴儿不会说话。
speak English说英语
(3)talk强调两人之间的谈话。
常见搭配：talk with/to sb 和某人交谈；talk about sth 谈论某事。
(4)tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语。
Did you tell her the news 你把这个消息告诉她了吗？
She is talking with Lucy in English.她正在用英语和露茜交谈。
常考搭配
tell sb a story 给某人讲故事
Tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
Tell a lie 撒谎 tell the truth 说实话
Tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人（不要）做某事
【2013山东青岛2】—Do you know why he didn’t ____ a word when he________to
—Because he was to nervous.
A. speak ; speaks B. say ; was spoken
C . say ；spoke D. speak ; is spoken
【2013海南三亚2】—Mom,I am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) afraid that I can’t get through the hard time We’re having
now.
—My boy,be brave and tell yourself_______ .
A.don’t give up B.not to give up
C.not give up D.to give up
3.bring, take, carry, get, fetch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bring意为“拿来；带来”，指从别处带到说话处。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　take意为“拿去；带去”，指把某物(人)从说话处
带到别处，与bring 所表示的方向相反。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get表示到某地去把某物取来，相当于fetch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bring意为“搬运；携带”，没有方向性。
【2013·荆州】-Sam,my i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Phone is in my bedroom. Could you _______it for me
-No problem.
A bring B fetch C take D carry
【记】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【2013浙江绍兴4】—I’ve le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ft my keys in the meeting room. Please ___them for me.
—All right.
A. buy B. paint C. wash D. fetch
【2014湖北襄阳1】—I’m sor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry I left my homework at home.Shall I go and _____ it
—No,you needn’t.Bring it here tomorrow.
A.get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.send C.take D.pass
4.borrow, lend, keep
单词 意义 常见搭配 例句
borrow 借(进) borrow sth from sb
向某人借某物 You can borrow this book from the library.　　你可以从图书馆借这本书
lend 借(出) lend sb sth＝lend sth to sb
借给某人某物 You mustn't lend this book to others.　　你不能把这本书借给别人。
keep 保留，
引申为
“借用” “sb keep sth＋时间段”表示“某人借某多长时间”，也可与how long连用 You can keep the book for two weeks.　　这本书你可以借两个星期
【拓展】详解borrow, lend, keep与return
◆borro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w 表示从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。 常用于borrow sth. from sb.结构，表示主语向别人借东西。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
◆lend 表示把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。
常用于lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.结构，表示主语把东西借给别人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Thank you for lending me your bike. 谢谢你把自行车借给我。
He often lends money to his brother. 他经常借钱给他弟弟。
注意：lend 与 borrow一样，是瞬间完成的动作，所以不能与一段时间连用。
◆keep 的意思也是“借”，但一般指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时间段连用。
如：You can keep my recorder for three days. 我的录音机你可以借用三天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
◆return 的意思是“归还”，相当于“give back”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
The boy borrowed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a bike from the girl.→The girl lent the boy a bike.
The boy returned the bike to/ the girl.
→The boy gave back to the bike to the girl.
【2014四川南充1】—Excuse me,can I____ your pen
—Sorry,I have ____ it to Bob.
A.borrow;lent B.borrow;borrowed
C.lend;borrowed D.lend;lent
【2014贵州黔西南4】17. I ______ ＄300 for the bike.
A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
【2014 甘肃白银】60. It o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly _______ me half an hour_______ to school every day last term.
A. takes; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riding B. spent; to ride C. cost; walk D. took; to walk
【2014浙江台州2】22. 一 Where are you going
一 To the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ibrary. I've finished reading this book, so I’m going to _______ it.
A. buy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. throw C. return D. borrow
【2014山东烟台1】— How long may I ___________ your dictionary
一 For one week. But it mustn't ______________ to others.
A. keep, be lent B. borrow, lend
C. lend, be borrowed D. have, borrow
【2013浙江宁波2】22—Can I _______ your bike
—Wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th pleasure. But you mustn’t _______ it to others.
A. lend; borrow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow
watch, look, see，read
单词 用法 图示
watch 强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。n. 手表（其复数形式是）watches watch TV ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Would you like to watch a football match with me 您愿意同我一起去看一场足球赛吗？
read 意为 “读，朗读”，强调“读”。表达“看书、看报、看信、看杂志”时，通常用read。 read magazines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) My father usually reads newspapers after supper.我爸爸常在晚饭后读报
see 强调看的结果。“看医生(see the
/a doctor)”、“看电影(see a film see a film You'd better go to see a doctor.你最好去看看医生。
look 不及物动词，强调看的动作，其后接宾语时，一定要加介词at。look at（2）作系动词时表示“看起来”，后接形容词作表语。 look at the blackboard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Look at the picture. What can you see in it 看这张画，你能看到里面有什么？
（ ）I prefer _____TV to _____books.
A. watching；reading B. Reading；watching
C .seeing； watching D .watching；looking
【2014云南曲靖】I _____ an article about first aid.It’s useful when I have an accident.
A.read B.saw C.looked D.watched
【2014四川南允】27. The radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t down B. turn it up C. turn it on D. turn it over
6.look for, find, look up， find out
look for意为“寻找”，强调找的动作和过程。
What are you looking for 你在找什么
find意为“找到，发现”，强调找的结果。
I can’t find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔了。
find out意为“查出，获知”，强调经过研究、调查而得。
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站
I looked for my book in my schoolbag, but I couldn't find it.
我在书包里找我的书，但找不到。
(4)look up “向上看，查字典”，跟代词作宾语时，代词放中间。
【记】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
She looked up and she saw many birds in the sky.
她抬头仰望，看见天空中有许多鸟儿。
You must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )look up the new words when you don’t know how to pronounce it.
当你不知道如何这些新单词如何发音时，你必须要查字典。
【2014黑龙江绥化2】—What is Amy doing
—She’s _____ her English book.
A.looking B.looking for C.looking out
7.wear/put on/dress
词性及用法 含义 宾语 其他
wear v.表示
　　　　　　　状态 穿着，
　戴着 衣服、鞋、帽、围巾、领带、眼镜等 put on的反义短语是take off；put on还可表示“上演”，take off也可表示“(飞机)起飞”。
2．be dressed in＝be in＝be wearing 穿着；get dressed 穿戴好；dress up (as)装扮成
留着 胡须
Put on v.表示动作 穿上，带上 衣服、鞋、帽等
dress v.表示　　　　　　　动作 给某人 穿衣服 某人（或自己）
【2013鞍山】She hurriedly______the child and took himdownstair.
A. put o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n B. wore C. dressed D. had on
【2013广西贵港4】Although Lu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cy is only three years old,she is able to ____ herself.
A.put B.make C.wear D.dress
【2013山东枣庄】Why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are you a T-shirt You’ll probably catch a cold in this cold
weather
A. wearin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g B. recycling C. pulling D. selling
8.attend， join， join in与take part in (2014昆明41题考查)　　
【记】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
◆attend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、去上课、上学、听报告等。如：
He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
I attended his lecture last week. 我上周听了他的课程。
◆join有两个用法：
①指加入某个党派、团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为“参军、入团、入党”等。
When did your brother join the army 你哥哥什么时候参军的？
②参加到某个人群中去，其结构为：join ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sb. in (doing） sth.，根据上下文，in (doing） sth.中doing也可以省去。如：
Will you join us in the discussion 你参加我们的讨论吗？
◆join in多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如：
Come along, and join in the ball game. 过来和我们一块儿打球。
◆take part in 指参加某项临时性的活动。如：
We’ll take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
(1)join表示加入某一党派或社会团体等组织而成为其中的一员。
　　He joined the Party last year. 他去年入了党。
join in 意为“加入；参加(某种活动)”，表示“参加某人的某种活动”时，
可用join sb in (doing) sth。
　　Will you join us in playing basketball 你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗？
take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，
重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。
　　I'm going to take part in the sports meeting.
　　我将参加运动会。
【2013天津3】He ______an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.
A protected B produced C joined D received
reach ，arrive 与get to（2013云南22题考查）
词汇 词性 用法 例句
arrive 不及物动词 arrive in+大地方
arrive at+小地方 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到了上海。
reach 及物动词 reach+地方 When did you reach New York 你什么时候到纽约的？
get to 动词词组 get to+地方 We got to the top of the mountain at noon. 我们在中午到达了山顶。
“到达北京”三种表达方式如下图所示
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【2014黑龙江绥化】—Who was the first to ____ school yesterday —Tom was.
A.reach B.get C.arrive
hear from，hear of 与 hear
词汇 释义+用法 例句
hear from “收到……的来信”,后加sb. I heard from my father last week.
hear of “听说”，后面加sth./sb. Have you ever heard of the Great Wall 你听说过长城吗？
hear “听到”+宾语+宾补 I hear a girl singing. 我听到一个女孩在唱歌。
“听说”+宾语从句 I heard that you can cure cancer with this medicine. 我听说你可以用这药来治癌症
11.turn on, turn off, turn up与turn down(考查2次)
词组 含义 图示 例句
turn on 打开 I want to watch TV. Can I turn on the TV 我想看电视，能打开电视吗？
turn off 关上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) You shoud turn off the light when you go to bed.你应当在睡觉时关灯。
turn up 开大点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I can’t hear the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) radio very well. Could you turn it up a bit 我听不太清楚收音机, 你能把声音开大点吗
turn down 关小点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Do you mind if I turn down the music 你介意我把音乐关小点吗
【拓展】：turn短语小结
turn about 转身，回头 turn against与……反目
turn around转身，调头 turn back 返回，折回
turn in上交，告发 turn into成为，翻译
turn out结果是，出席 turn over翻身，翻转
turn to翻到，转向 in turn依次地，轮流地
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了
【2014云南】I’m trying ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to sleep.Would you mind ____________ the music.（调低）
【2014四川成都】35. Mum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s ___________ the TV.
A. turn down B. turn on C. turn off
12.provide，offer, give与supply
◆provide 指“供给，提供，装备，准备”，常用句型：
provide+ +for = provide+ +with+
往往含有“免费供给”的意思，如：
We provided them with board and lodging. 我们给他们提供食宿
◆offer强调“主动提供”,常用句型:
offer+ + = offer to+
He offered me a job, but I didn’t accept. 他提供给我一份工作，但我没有接受。
◆give意为“供给,给出”，多指一般性“给出”或因别人需要而“给”。常用句型:
give + + = give+ + to +
We gave her flowers for her birthday. 我们送她一些花以庆祝她的生日。
◆supply意为“供给，补充，弥 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )补”，通常指定期 “供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品。还可作名词，意为“供给（量），物资，存货”， supply一般需付钱。常用句型:
supply+ with+ = supply+ + to +
We are well supplied with foods. 我们的食品供给充足。
【2014湖北武汉】—How’s Bob now
—I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heard the company_____ him a very good job,but he turned it down.
A.do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nated B.served C.offered D.introduced
【2014甘肃兰州4】37. Pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rents often their children some good advice.
A. offer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ): with B. offer;／ C. provide; with D. both B and C
13.receive与accept
receive和accept都可表示“收到，接收”, 区别如下：
accept “接受”，主观上愿意接受 He asked me to marry him and I accepted. 他向我求婚，我答应了。
receive “收到”，客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受 She has received his present, but she will not accept it. 她收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
第二讲 动词短语
一、短语动词分类：
1.动词+介词
ask for 请求 belong to 属于 look at 看
look after 照顾 learn from 向…学习 remind of 提醒
take after 与…相像
2.动词+ 副词
take away 拿走 wake up 醒来 put off 推迟
give out 分发 think over 考虑 end up 结束
3.动词+ 副词+ 介词
come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完
get along with 与…相处 do well in 擅长 look forward to 期望
4.动词+ 名词+ 介词
take part in 参加 make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾
5.系动词+ 形容词+ 介词
be strict with 对……要求严格 be mad at 对…..恼火
be full of 充满 be different from 与……不同
二、 短语动词的用法：
1.以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。
think of 想起 look after 照顾 look for 寻找 agree with 同意 ask for 请求
2.“动词+副词” 结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。
（1） 接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后
（2） 接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间
put on 穿上 put off 脱下 put up 挂起
give up 放弃 give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 wake up 叫醒
以下总结为云南近四年常考的动词短语高频词汇，经归纳需要背诵记忆短语。具体如下：
1. 相同动词+不同介词
①look短语（近4年考查3次）
1 look after照顾;照看
2. look at看;朝……看
3. look down upon看不起;轻视
4. look forward to盼望;期待
5. look for寻找;寻求
6. look into 向……里面看去;调查
7.look like看起来像
8. look out of...往……外看
9. look out当心;留神
10.look over检查
11. look through浏览
12. look up to钦佩;仰慕
13. look up（在词典、参考书等中）查阅;查找
②turn短语（近4年考查2次）
turn on打开, turn off关闭，turn up调高；调大，
turn down调小；调低 turn...into把……变成
③put短语（近4年考查3次）
put up举手；张贴， put on穿上， put off推迟，
put down写下；记下， put away把……收起来放好，
put out熄灭，出版
2. 不同动词+相同介词
①up短语（近4年考查4次）
give up放弃，fix up修理，cheer up使……高兴，get up起床，
set up建立， wake up使……醒来，take up占据，从事
②with短语
come up with想出， catch up with赶上， begin with以……开始，
start with以……开始，end up with以……结束
3. 不同动词+不同介词
云南近4年对于不同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词+不同介词的考查，主要集中在具体语境中考查短语的词义辨析。如:keep out阻止进入，help out分发，泄露，take away带走；拿走，give away帮助……摆脱困境（2012昆明32题）
【2013中考真题追踪训练】
【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】22. It’s time for CCTV news. Let’s _______ the TV and
watch it.
A. turn on B. get on C. try on D. put on
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bocelli never , which makes him a
successful singer.
A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
【2013浙江台州】21. —W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould you mind ______ the music a little Don’t you think it’s too loud
—Sorry! I’ll do it in a minute.
A. turning on B. turning off C. turning up D. turning down
【2013浙江台州】18. —How do you like Li Yundi
—A cool guy! His music ______ really beautiful.
A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. looks
【2013四川遂宁】30. The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) teachers encourage their students to the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A. give up B. work out C. look through
【2013四川遂宁】27. If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream
will .
A. come out B. come true C. achieve
【2013四川遂宁】24. Paul’s parents were worried that he too much time
chatting on line.
A. spent B. paid C. took
【2013四川泸州】9. Can you help me to _______ my dog when I leave for Hong
Kong
A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look through
【2013四川凉山】29. —Cindy, look at your new shoes. Aren’t they beautiful
—Yes, they are really nice, Mum. I can’t wait to .
A. put them on B. put it on C. put on them
【2013四川广安】28. —When will the plane _____Shanghai
—Sorry，I don’t know.
A. get B. arrive at C. reach
【2013湖北黄石】38. It ______ me about 10 days ______ painting the walls.
took; to finish B. cost; finishing
C. took; finishing D. spent; to finish
【2013湖北黄石】33. M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care
【2013湖北黄石】 37. Tom, it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’s cold outside. _______ your coat when you go out.
A. Take off B. Put on C. Put away D. Take away
【2013山西】22. In Apr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )il, the weather in some places in Shanxi was really changeable. People still remember they have ________ four seasons in a week.
A. organized B. experienced C. described
【2013山西】26. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to ________ each other.
A. get on with B. come over to C. stay away from
【2013山东聊城】34 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).If you want to buy this dress , you 'd better ____ first to
make sure it fits you .
A. pay fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r it. B. take it off. C. tidy it up . D. try it on..
【2013浙江宁波1】 Scienti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sts are trying their best to _______ ways to treat the terrible
disease called H7N9.
A. come up with B. look forward to C. talk about D. give up
【2013浙江丽水】25. The gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a
new one will ______ at the end of this month.
A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out
【2013安徽2】48. The peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in Ya'an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven’t
__________hope.
A. picked up B. given up C. looked for D. waited for
【2013山东德州4】28. Al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )though many great people ever failed, they never_______ and
managed to succeed.
A. set out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. stayed up C. kept on D. gave up
【2014中考真题追踪训练】
【2014四川南允1】33. —Excuse me, can I _____ your pen
—Sorry, I have _______it to Bob.
A. borrow; lent B. borrow; borrowed C. lend; borrowed D. lend; lent
【2014云南2】31. — Oh, dear! Your room is untidy.
— Sorry mom. I’ll _________.
A. set it up B. clean it up C. put it up D. look it up
【2014湖北襄阳3】29. He fail ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed so break the world record for long jump many times but he
never ______ his hope.
A. look off B. put away C. give up D. turned down
【2014湖北襄阳3】30. --Have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you watched the TV show “Dad, Where Are We Going ”
--Yes, I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). In the show all the fathers and children have to ______ many difficulties.
A. use up B. come over C. get over D. run out
【2014湖北襄阳4】31. --Lily won first prize in yesterdays dancing competition.
--Rally Then her mother must be ______ her.
A. mad at B. worried about C. interested in D. proud of
【2014湖北襄阳】40. --I hear your grandpa has an old cup in your home.
--Yes. It ______ drinking tea long ago and my grandpa ______ drink tea with it when he
was young.
A. was used to, was used to B. used far, used to
C. was used for, was used to D. was used for, used to
【2014·湖北武汉4】38. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) used to _____ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.
A. show up B. wake up C. come up D. stay up
【2014 浙江绍兴1】22. — Do you ______ your son after school
— No. He comes back home on the school bus.
A. pick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up B. look after C. drop in D. send for
【2014年新疆阜康市、米泉市2】. —What are you packing so many books for,
Grandma
—I'll ______ to the kids in West China.
A. give them up B. give them away C. give them off D. give them in
【2014年新疆阜康市、米泉市4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】 —Let’s plan a surprise party for our class. What’s your
idea
—Why not ______ a short play
A. get on B. keep on C. have on D. put on
【2014天津2】38. Be friendly and you’ll ____ well with others.
A. look at B. get on C. put on D. pick up
【2014四川遂宁2】We are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )planning to go for a picnic this weekend, but it the weather.
A. keeps on B. puts on C.depends on
【考前训练】
一、词语释义
( A )1.—Could yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u help me,Jimmy Something is wrong with my computer.
—Don’t worry.I can put it right.
A.mend it B.put it away C.throw it away D.correct it
( B )2.He didn’t give me a chance to reply to his question.
A.discuss B.answer C.understand D.solve
( C )3.—What shall we do after class
—I can’t find a good idea.
A.think B.look for C.come up with D.get along with
( D )4.I arrived in Shanghai last Sunday.
A.reach B.reached to C.got D.got to
( C )5.—Come on.It’s time for dinner,Mike.
—I am not hungry yet.I’ve just had some chicken.
A.am coming B.don’t want C.am full D.haven’t eaten
( B )6.The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) French book must be Li Ying’s.She’s the only one who’s studying French.
A.belong to Li Ying’s B.belong to Li Ying
C.belong Li Ying’s D.belong Li Ying
( A )7.My f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ather must stop smoking,because the doctor says he is in bad health.
A.give up B.give in C.give away D.give out
( B )8.The twins study hard,so they always take a cake in the exam.
A.eat a cake B.get a good grade
C.relax themselves D.get cakes
( C )9.—Why are you in such a hurry
—I studied very hard for my math exam last night,so I slept late.
A.stayed up late B.didn’t go to bed
C.got up late D.went to bed late
二、单项填空
( B )1.If Ted c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an his difficulties,he’ll make great progress.
A.come over B.get over C.get off D.come out
( D )2.Take thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s umbrella.It could at least the rain .
A.help…out B.take… away C.give… away D.keep… out
( D )3.—Dad,why must I stop computer games
—For your health,my boy.
A.play B.to play C.to playing D.playing
( B )4.—Didn’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right
—Sorry,I didn’t.But now I know parking here.
A.wasn’t allowed B.isn’t allowed
C.won’t allow D.doesn’t allow
( A )5.—Remember to my daughter’s dance show next Friday.
—Of course I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will.I’llnever forget her dance for the first time last year.
A.to come;seeing B.coming;to see
C.to come;to see D.coming;seeing
( A )6.Don’t forget to take your bag when you the bus.
A.get off B.take off C.turn off D.put off
( B )7.That girl but didn’t my questions.
A.answered;replied B.replied；answer
C.answered；reply D.reply;answer
( D )8.—I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great in finishing the work by myself.Could you help me
—No problem.
A.fun B.success C.advice D.difficulty
( A )9.—Did Mike the table tennis match
—No,he didn’t.Tom him.
A.wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n;beat B.win;won C.beat;won D.beat;beat
( D )10.—Don’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t forget to return the book to the library.You have it for two weeks.
—OK.
A.borrowed B.had C.lent D.kept
( A )11.—Excuse me,is Mr Green in the office
—No.He Singapore for a meeting.He will be back in a few days.
A.has gone to B.have gone to
C.have been to D.has been to
( C )12.The gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at writer has written many stories for children.It is said that a new one will
at the end of this month.
A.go out B.look out C.come out D.run out
( B )13.—How does Tina to school
—In his father’s car.
A.arrive B.get C.reach D.be
( B )14.People compared the girls flowers.
A.with B.to C.at D.of
( C )15.—Someone called you just now.
—I know.But I wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s busy at that moment.When I called back,there was no .
A.voice B.sound C.answer D.result
( C )16.May I your bike,please I’llgive it back to you soon.
A.touch B.bring C.borrow D.buy
( C )17.—Dad,must we wait until the light becomes green
—Yes,I’m afraid we .That’s the traffic rule.
can B.may C.have to D.need
( B ) 18. Oh, it____ so nice. What beautiful music it is!
A. smells B. sounds C. tastes D. looks
( A )19. —Where _____ you _____ last night
—I went to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he supermarket and bought a present for my younger sister.
A. did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ); go B. do; go C. did; went D. do; went
( )20. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is helpful to _____ a good habit of reading in language learning.
A. take B. show C. develop D. match
( )21. —How heavily it is raining!
—What a pity! We have to____ our sports meeting.
A. put off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. put out C. put on D. put up
( )22. —What smells terrible, Ted
—I’m sorry. I’ll _____ my shoes and wash them at once.
A. take awa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y B. put away C. move away D. get away
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.At times,parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )find it difficult to talk(talk)with their teenage children.
2.Jack had trouble doing(do)his homework yesterday.
3.My father isn’t at home these days.He has gone(go)to Shanghai.
4.Bad luck.There ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is something wrong with my bike.I have to have it repaired(repair)tomorrow.
5.—Would you mind opening(open)the window It’s very hot.
—No,not at all.
6.After compa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring (compare)the two people’s behaviors,we know that there are many differences between their characteristics.
7.The death(die)of my pet dog made me very sad.
四、将下列句子中的汉语部分译成英语
1.—Simon has diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iculties in getting on /along well with(与……相处得好)his new classmates.
—I’llgive him some advice.
2.I think the matter has nothing to do with (与……无关)the boy.
3.—Why do we eat vegetables every day,Mum
—To keep healthy/fit(为保持健康),my dear.
4.Great change ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s have taken place(发生)in my hometown in the past five years.
5.Lily didn’t pass the exam.Let’s go and cheer her up(使她高兴起来).
6.May your Christmas be filled with/be full of(充满)delight.
【2015中考必须掌握的动词短语记忆归纳】
动词短语
1. aim at瞄准；针对；致力于；旨在
2. arrive at(in) a place到达某地
3. begin with...以……开始
4. believe in信任；信赖
5. belong to属于
6. blow out 吹来
7. break down 停止运转；出故障
8. break off 突然中止；中断
9. break out　(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发
10. bring back 恢复；使想起；归还
11. bring good luck to...给……带来好运
12. bring out 使显现；使表现出
13. bring up教育；培养
14. call(sb.) back （给某人）回电话
15. care about 关心；在意
16. care for关心；关怀；照顾
17. catch up with 赶上（或超过）
18. change into转换成；把……变成
19. check in 报到；登记
20. check out查明；结账
21. cheer up使振奋；使高兴起来
22. clean out清除；把……打扫干净
23. clean up（把……）打扫干净；（把……）收拾整齐
24. clean...off 把……擦掉
25. clear out 清理；丢掉
e across（偶然）遇见（或发现）
e along（意外地）出现；发生；来到
e back回来；想起来
e from出生（于）；来自
e on 来吧；赶快；加油
31. come out出版；发表
32. come over顺便来访
e true（希望等）实现
e up with 想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）
pare...with比较；对比
36. concentrate on全神贯注；专心于
37. connect with...与……相连
38. cut out 删除；删去
39. cut down砍倒
40. cut off 切除
41. cut up切碎
42. deal with处理；应付
43. depend on(upon) 依靠；相信；信赖
44. depend on视……而定；决定于
45. do one’s best尽某人最大的努力
46. dress up穿上盛装；装扮
47. drop by顺便（或偶然）来访
48. eat out 出去吃饭
49. end up以……结束；结果为……；最后处于
50. fall asleep入睡
51. fall behind落后
52. fall down 落下；摔倒
53. fall in love with爱上（某人或某物）
54. fall into落入；陷入
55. fall over 绊倒
56. find out查明；发现；了解
57. fix up修理；修补
58. get along with...与……相处
59. get away逃离
60. get back回来
61. get in the way of 挡……的路；妨碍
62. get off脱下（衣服等）；下车
63. get on well with和睦相处；关系良好
64. get on相处；进展
65. get out of 离开；从……出来
66. get out 出去；离开
67. get over 克服；恢复；原谅
68. get up 起床
69. get/be ready for 为……做好准备
70. give away赠送；分发
71. give back归还；送回；恢复（健康）等
72. give birth to 生；产生
73. give in 投降
74. give out分发；发放
75. give up 放弃
76. give...a lift捎（某人）一程
77. go for a walk去散步
78. go off 发出响声
79. go on doing...继续干某事；不停地干某事
80. go on with 继续
81. go out 出去；熄灭
82. go over 仔细检查；复习
83. go to the movies 看电影
84. grow up成长；长大
85. hand in交上；提交；呈送
86. hand out分发；发放
87. hang out　（俚语）闲荡；闲逛
88. hang up挂断电话
89. have a cold着凉；感冒
90. have a look看一看
91. have classes上课
92. hear from收到……的来信
93. hear of 听说
94. help oneself to请随便吃点
95. help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人
96. help(sb.)out帮助（某人）解决困难
97. hold on to继续；坚持；保持
98. hurry up 赶快；快点
99. join in参加；加入
100. keep in touch with...与……保持联系
101. keep off勿踏；勿踩
102. keep out不让……进入
103. keep...away from 避免……接近；远离……
104. kick sb.off 开除某人
105. knock at 敲
106. knock into...与……相撞
107. laugh at嘲笑；取笑
108. lay out 摆开；布置
109. lead to导致；导向
110. leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略
111. lie down 躺下
112. listen to... 听……
113. look after照顾；照看
114. look at看；朝……看
115. look down upon看不起；轻视
116. look forward to盼望；期待
117. look for寻找；寻求
118. look into 向……里面看去；调查
119. look like看起来像
120. look out of...往……外看
121. look out当心；留神
122. look over检查
123. look through浏览
124. look up to钦佩；仰慕
125. look up（在词典、参考书等中）查阅；查找
126. major in主修；专研
127. make friends with...与……交朋友
128. make up one’s mind下定决心
129. make up 编造；组成；拼凑成;形成；构成
130. mix up混合在一起
131. open up打开
132. pass by 路过；经过
133. pass on传递
134. pay attention to 对……注意；留心
135. pay back 偿还(借款等)
136. pay for 付……账；付买……的钱
137. pay off偿清（欠款等）
138. pick up 捡起
139. point out指出
140. prepare for 为……做准备
141. prevent from妨碍；防止；预防
142. put away把……暂时收起来；储存……备用
143. put down 记下，写下；放下
144. put off推迟；拖延
145. put on穿；戴上；上演
146. put out扑灭；熄灭（火）；关灯
147. put up张贴；搭建
148. ring off挂断电话；停止讲话
149. ring up 打电话
150. run away逃跑；跑掉
151. run off 跑掉；迅速离开
152. run out(of) 用尽；耗尽
153. see off送行
154. sell out卖完；售光
155. set off 动身；起程；使爆发
156. set out 出发；启程
157. set up 建立；创立；开办
158. shout at...冲……大声叫嚷
159. shout to...对……大声喊叫
160. show up出席；露面
161. shut off 关闭；停止运转
162. stay away from 与……保持距离
163. stay up不睡觉；熬夜
164. stick to坚持；固守
165. take down 拆除；往下拽；记录
166. take in吸入；吞入（体内）；欺骗
167. take a message捎个口信；传话
168. take a photo拍照
169. take a shower淋浴；洗澡
170. take a trip 去旅行
171. take a vacation去度假
172. take a walk散步
173. take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像
174. take an interest in...对……感兴趣
175. take away拿走
176. take breaks(take a break) 休息
177. take care of 照顾；照看
178. take care当心；小心
179. take down取下
180. take it easy从容；轻松；别紧张
181. take notes做笔记
182. take off起飞；成功
183. take one’s order点菜
184. take one’s place代替；替换
185. take one’s temperature 量体温
186. take on呈现；雇用
187. take out the rubbish倒垃圾
188. take out取出
189. take part in参加……；参与……
190. take place 发生
191. take pride in...对……感到自豪
192. take risks(take a risk) 冒险
193. take the subway乘地铁
194. take time 花费(时间)
194. take up占据时间、空间；开始从事；拿起
196. take... seriously认真对待……
197. talk about谈论；讨论；议论
198. talk to...跟……说
199. thanks for为……而感谢
200. think about 考虑（是否去做）
201. think of 思考；考虑
202. think up想出
203. throw away扔掉
204. try on 试穿；试试看
205. try one’s best某人尽力做
206. try out 选拔；试用
207. turn down把……调低；关小
208. turn off关掉
209. turn on打开
210. turn up开大（声音）；到达；露面
211. turn...into把……变成
212. use up用完；用光；耗尽
213. used to do sth.过去常常做某事
214. used to过去常常；以前常常（后接不定式，表示过去的习惯）
215. wait for等候；等待
216. wake up睡醒；醒来
217. walk into走进
218. work on 从事；忙于
219. work out产生结果；发展；成功
220. worry about担心；烦恼
221. write down写下；记下