人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Words and Expressions课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
Unit 4
NATURAL DISASTERS
Words and Expressions
Natural disasters
tornado
drought
landslide
tsunami
flood
Volcanic eruption
typhoon
hurricane
evacuate
helicopter
crack
shelter
in ruins
bricks
pipe
electricity
volcano
metal
[U] 损害；损坏；损失
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
侧重 “损”，可修复
damage vt
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
destroy vt
消灭；杀死：
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
侧重 “毁”，无法修复
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build)
破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
影响 to influence sb / sth：(基本义）
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2009 上海改
affect vt
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动：
She was deeply affected by the story.
= be moved by
使感染 (疾病)
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
词语辨析
affect / effect
affect（动词）= to have an influence on sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事：
Do cell phones affect children’s behaviour
effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响：
Do cell phones have an effect on children’s behaviour
4. affect / fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；(感情上)深深打动
【联想词】
【常用搭配】
_________ n. 喜爱;感情 _________ n. 作用;影响
affection
effect
be greatly/deeply affected by 被......深深打动;深受影响
判断下面句子中affect的含义
1）Most people present at the meeting were affected by his speech yesterday. _______
2）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payment may affect your credit. _________
3）Millions of people in the world have been affected by COVID-19. ________
打动
影响
感染
4. affect / fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；(感情上)深深打动
【即学即练】
Deeply _________（affect) by the story of the girl whose eyesight ____________（affect）by the disease, all the students moved into tears..
affected
was affected
5. shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难处；居所 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
【用法】
① n.遮蔽物，庇护处，收容所，居所
under the shelter of 在……的庇护下
take/find shelter from 躲避...
② vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
shelter sb./sth. (from...)保护/庇护某人/某物（免受...）
shelter from....躲避...
5. shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难处；居所 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
1）It’s so hot, and we’d better find a tree to take shelter _________ the sun.
2）Some parents are just too protective. They want to __________________________（保护他们的孩子免受) every kind of danger, real or imagined..
【即学即练】
from
shelter their children from
6. as if / z f/ =as though 似乎；好像；仿佛
【用法】
①引导表语从句：主语+ looks/appears/seems/sounds as if(或as though)...
It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.
②引导方式状语从句：She loves the boy as if she were his mother.
③从句的语气及时态
A.当as if从句所描述的内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实，从句常用陈述语气。
Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if/as though it’s going to rain.
B.当as if从句表示的是不真实的或不可能发生的情况时，用虚拟语气。
与过去相反 使用过去完成时
与将来相反 would/could/might +动词原形
与现在相反 使用一般过去时(be--were)
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
◆ ruin: to have a bad effect on something so that it is no longer attractive, enjoyable, useful etc.糟蹋
The whole park is spoiled by litter.
I don’t want to spoil your fun.
2 (完全地) 毁坏
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
3使破产
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
[U] 毁灭；破产：
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
[C] 废墟；遗迹；残余：
the ruins of Rome
ruin vt
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
下面这些音译词你都知道吗？
guitar 吉他 Cola 可乐 chocolate 巧克力
party 派对 salad 沙拉 shark 鲨鱼
ballet 芭蕾舞 marathon 马拉松 cool 酷的
有些英语词汇，汉语中没有与之对应的词，翻译时会借用中文谐音来翻译，这一类词被称之为“音译词”。音译词的翻译不仅表意精确，同时也准确地还原了英文的发音。shock也被翻译成了“休克”。
shock
shock n
[C] & [U] (爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动；冲击：
the shock wave
The shock of the earthquake was felt miles away.
[C] 电击；触电 (electric shock)：
Don’t touch that wire or you’ll get a shock.
[U] & [C] [常用单数](精神上的) 震惊；打击；令人震惊的事
Mom hasn’t gotten over the shock of Dad’s death.
It came as a shock to hear that the factory would have to close.
[U] 休克：
She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
shock vt（名词动化）
使震惊；使气愤 to make sb feel very surprised and upset:
The news of the school shooting shocked the world.
culture shock 文化冲击
词汇拓展
shocked adj 震惊的；愤慨的
a shocked look / expression
They were deeply shocked at / by her behaviour.
shocking adj 令人震惊的；令人憎恶的
shocking news
【常用搭配】
trap /tr p/ vt. (trapped; trapped) n. /C/ 险境；陷阱
vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套惊
set /lay/ place a trap fall into/ get out of a trap
be trapped in ... = be caught in ... = be stuck in ... 被困在...
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
1) I didn’t get to school on time because I __________________（被困在） the heavy rain.
2) The man trapped Tom ________ telling the truth.
3) After the earthquake, many people _________________ (trap) in the ruins. Fortunately, the soldiers soon came to their rescue.
【即学即练】
was trapped in
into
were trapped
【常用搭配】
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬
【拓展延伸】
bury ...in... 把......埋到......里
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
be buried in....=bury oneself in.....专心致志于
“专心于，致力于”的多种表达：
be lost in=be absorbed in=devote/apply oneself to = be devoted to=concentrate on=focus on
【即学即练】
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬
1) 考试即将来临，大多数学生埋头于学习中。
With the exam coming, most of students are __________________________ their study.
=With the exam coming, most of students are __________ in their study.
2) He ________________________________（双手掩面）and burst into tears.
3) 因为他专心于学习中，所以不知道外面正在下雪。
Because he ____________________________ , he didn’t know it was snowing outside.
_______________________________, he didn’t know it was snowing outside.（用现在分词短语作状语）
_____________________, he didn’t know it was snowing outside.（过去分词短语作状语）
burying themselves in
buried
buried his face in his hands
buried himself in the book
Burying himself in the book
Buried in the book
effort
[U] & [C] the physical or mental activity needed to achieve something 气力，精力，努力
She puts her time and effort into her businesses, and into helping others.
Visit the museum when you’re there. It’s well worth the effort.
With (an) effort she managed to stop herself laughing.
Greg has gone on a diet in an effort to lose some weight.
What’s the point of helping him if he doesn’t
make an effort to help himself
Let’s start right now and spare no effort to protect ocean.
little bit every minute!
14. suffer /s f / vt. 遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
【联想词】
__________ n. 苦难；痛苦 _________ n. 患病者；受苦者
suffering
sufferer
suffer from sth 受…疾病的折磨
suffer pain/defeat/loss/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/损失/苦难
【常用搭配】
【即学即练】
14. suffer /s f / vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
1）She _______________ (suffer) severe depression after losing her job.
2）He wasted his youth, and now he is _______________ (suffer) it.
3）He ________ (suffer) a massive heart attack.
4）This experience caused him much mental _________(suffer).
suffered from
suffering for
suffering
suffered
(天气、海洋等)静的；平静的：
The weather was fine and the lake was calm.
(人)镇静的；沉着的：
If you are lost in the mountains, stay / keep calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown.
■ vt & vi (使)平静；平静下来：
calm down (使)平静下来；(使) 镇静下来：
■ n [C] & [U] 平静；镇静：
After a storm comes a calm.
calm adj.
to stop feeling upset, angry or excited
侧重not nervous, “不紧张”
17. wave [we v] n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手
n.巨浪 huge wave(s)
向某人挥手告别 waved sb. goodbye / waved goodbye to sb.
一波……;一阵…… A wave of sth. 一阵恐惧 A wave of fear
练：The that were crashing on the rocks swept away everything on them.撞击岩石的海浪把上面的一切都卷走了。
waves
waved goodbye to my mother
I 　 　 , with tears welling up in my eyes. 我热泪盈眶,向妈妈挥手告别。
趁热打铁
strike while the iron is hot
strike
vt [正式用语]打；撞击:
The ship struck a rock.
The boy fell, striking his head on the edge
of the table.
vi & vt (时钟等)敲响；报 (时)：
The church clock began to strike twelve.
vi & vt (不幸等) 突然降临；突然袭击：
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.
She was practicing surfing when a shark struck. 2011 广东改
He struck a match and lit another cigar.
strike (struck, struck / stricken) v
vt [不用于进行时](使)突然想到 / 意识到
The solution struck me immediately.
it strikes sb + that 从句：
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
vt 给……以某种印象
We were struck by her kindness.
strike sb as (being) …:
He strikes me as (being) a very serious person.
vi 罢工：
The bus drivers were striking for more money.
strike a balance 两者兼顾；达到平衡：
■ n [C] & [U] 罢工：
He found it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.
strike a deal 达成协议
strike fear / terror into sb’s heart
使某人感到害怕 / 恐惧
The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
stricken adj [正式用语]
受灾的；患病的；受苦的：
earthquake-stricken areas
拓展
striker n [C] 罢工者；(足球的) 前锋；(棒球的)击球手
striking adj 惊人的；显著的；引人注目的
【联想词】
20. deliver /d l v (r)/ vi. & vt. 传递；传达 vt. 发表
__________ n. 递送；分娩
delivery
deliver sth. to... 把某物投递/传送/运送到......
deliver a message 传话
deliver a baby（接）生
deliver a lecture/speech发表演讲
【常用搭配】
1)本周末李教授将在学校大厅发表演讲。
Professor Li will _________________ at the school hall this weekend.
2)Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to ________ (运送） food and supplies.
2) You can have food ___________ to your house using food _________ apps. (deliver)
3)The door-to-door food __________ (deliver) service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of online shopping and the busy life in China.
【即学即练】
20. deliver /d l v (r)/ vi. & vt. 传递；传达 vt. 发表
deliver a speech
delivered
delivery
delivery
deliver
【联想词】
22. effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
【常用搭配】
__________ adj.有效的，实际的 _________ adv.有效地，实际上
effective
effectively
have an effect/influence on 对...产生影响
（物+）come into effect 开始实施，生效
（人+）put/bring...into effect 实施，实行，使生效
in effect 事实上，实际上 side effects 副作用
cause and effect 因果 greenhouse effect 温室效应
22. effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
【即学即练】
1)The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, indicating that China has a greater effect _______ the world.
2)就我而言，每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。
→As far as I’m concerned, staying up late every day is certain to _____________________ greatly. (affect)
→In my view, staying up late every day is certain to ______________________________________. (effect)
on
have a great effect on your health
affect your health
谢
谢
观
赏
随堂检测
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________
4. This illnesss has _____________ my life.
5. Ninety percent of their island was _____________ and they had nothing. (2012 山东)
6. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
ruin damage destroy
damaged
destroyed
ruined
ruined
destroyed
destroyed
damage, destroy, ruin
1. The bad weather __________________ (毁了我们的旅行).
2. Too much packaging is ______________________________ (对……造成严重损坏) the environment. (2010 山东)
3. A number of paintings in this castle are believed to
___________________(被毁掉) in a fire in 2009. (2011 湖北完成句子)
二、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。
doing / causing serious damage to
have been destroyed
ruined our trip
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children. (2016 北京改)
__________ 2. With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009 上海改)
__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
影响
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
使感染 (疾病)



affect, effect
二、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。
(affect, effect)
1. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no ____________.
2. When I was 50, my weight problem began to ____________ me seriously.（2017 天津改）
effect
affect
一、写出下列句子中shock的汉语释义。
1. It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart. ____________
2. The shock wave was felt even in my plane, several miles away from the harbor.
____________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
They will get ____________ shock when they get this bill.
2. The parents were ____________ (shock) by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee. (2013 重庆)
3. The ____________ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. (2011 北京)
a
shocked
shocking
震惊
shock
冲击波
一、根据所给汉语，用带有effort的词块完成下列句子。
1. Kim is __________________________（努力）lose weight.
2. The local clubs are __________________________（尽一切努力）interest more young people.
3. Parents arrange everything for their children and __________________________（不遗余力）to pave（铺路）the way for their success.（2013 福建）
4. Visit the museum when you’re there. It’s __________________________（很值得一游）.
二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。
我努力在紧急情况下保持镇静。(make an effort)
____________________________________________________________
I made an effort to keep calm in an emergency.
effort
well worth the effort
spare no effort
making an effort to
making every effort to
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. His grades suffer during soccer season. _____________
2. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious burns after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head. (2013 四川)
_____________
3. Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010 陕西) _____________
下降；变差
受到严重烫伤
出现背部问题
suffer
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. ________________________________________ (无论我遭受什么失败) in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. (2014 湖南)
2. Although Rosemary had __________________________________ (身患重疾) for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm (热情) for life. (2013 陕西)
3. Music is an important way we express _________________ (人类的苦难), celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. (2009 北京)
Whatever / No matter what failures I suffer
suffered (from) a serious illness / disease
human suffering
一、写出下列句子中survive的汉语释义。
__________ 1. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. (2014 广东阅读)
__________ 2. Only one copy of the book still survives.
__________ 3. Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
幸存于
保存下来
挺过来；
熬过来；
艰难度过
survive
二、用survive的适当形式完成下列句子。
For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for ________________ is having someone nearby step in and do CPR (心肺复苏) quickly. (2017 北京阅读)
2. Officials said he was the only ________________ of the plane crash.
3. He is the only man who ________________ after the explosion (爆炸).
三、根据所给提示，用survive完成句子。
1. The front passengers were lucky to __________________________ (在车祸中幸免于难).
2. Having __________________________ (熬过那一夜), we were confident that everything else would be all right. (2014 湖北完形)
survival / surviving
survivor
survived
survive the car accident
survived that night
1. 她在危难中总能保持冷静。
She always ___________________________ in time of danger.
2. 平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。
________________ gave no sign of the storm that was coming.
3. 大厅里一片安静，但这是暴风雨前的平静。
The hall was very quiet, but it was _______________________.
4. 由于被她那些话所感动，他很难平静下来。
Moved by what she said, he could hardly ______________.
5. 上台表演前，每个人都深吸一口气让自己平静下来。
Before the performance everybody held a deep breath to _____________________.
一、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。
remains / keeps / stays calm
The calm/still sea
the calm before the storm
calm down
calm themselves down
calm
1. Even when she faces disasters like earthquake, she still keeps ______.
2. The police tried to get some information from the man, but he remained ______.
3. Attention, please. Everybody! Please stay ______ while I take a photograph of you.
4. The waters of the lake are so ______ that it looks like glass.
5. He tried to be ______, but his trembling hands gave him away.
6. When you are in a library, you must be ______.
二、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
quiet calm still silent
calm
silent
still
calm
calm
quiet
一、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, was visiting a
museum when __________________（发生地震）.
2. We would spend 1,500 yuan purchasing some pens for the needy
students in __________________（贫困地区）. (2011 上海书面
表达)
3. _______________（我突然想到） playing against the other team
was a great learning moment.（2015 全国完形）
4. 趁热打铁。______________________________
strike
the earthquake struck
poverty-stricken areas
It struck me that
Strike while the iron is hot.
二、写出下列句子中划线部分的汉语释义。
1. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge
from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it
just seems normal. (2011 天津阅读)
_____________________________________
2. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or
observations that are particularly meaningful. (2013 湖北阅读)
_____________________________________
3. When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed
and some is reflected. (2008 江苏阅读)
_____________________________________
我总是想到
把书中印象深刻的看法和引文记录下来
阳光照射在物体上