中考英语二轮语法专题学案：宾语从句讲解+习题（详解）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
宾语从句讲解+习题（详解）
在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
重点语法：
宾语从句：三要素： 连接词/ 时态/ 语序
Eg: Miss Zhu said that she was handsome.
连接词： that： 起连接作用，无义，可省
if/ whether: “是否” （只用whether： or not/不定式前/介词后）
特殊疑问词： 连接代词：who; whom; whose; what; which 连接副词：when; where; why; how
Eg: He says (that) he will come tomorrow. Eg: He asks if/ whether he will come tomorrow. Eg: He asks when he will come tomorrow.
时态： 记忆口诀：主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理不变, 委婉语气不限。
主过从过： 从句时态： 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 ( do/ does → did ) 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 (did → had done) 一般将来时→ 过去将来时 (will do → would do) 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 (am/is/ are doing → was/were doing) 现在完成时→ 过去进行时 (have/ has done → had done )
小试牛刀： He tells me he____________(do) exercise every day. He says his father ______________(come) back tomorrow. He asked if he________________(watch) TV every week. He said that he_________________(come) back yesterday. Tom asked when his mother_____________(go) Beijing tomorrow. The teacher told us the Earth _____________(turn) around the Sun. Could you tell me if he_______________(go) swimming yesterday. Would you tell me how I_______________(can learn) English well.
语序： 陈述语序：主句+ 连接词 +主语 +谓语 +其他
Eg： I don’t know when he will come back.
注：I don’t know what’s the matter. I don’t know what’s wrong. I don’t know what’s up. (语序不变)
考点1 引导词
连接词 连接词的作用 例句
that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略 He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。
what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。
when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from 你能告诉我你来自哪儿吗 Do you know how they found the place 你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗
if/whether (是否) 不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
1.He seems to have learnt about the bad news.(改为同义句)
It seems 　 　 about the bad news.
2.Who is the man Could you tell me (合并为一个句子并且不改变意思)
Could you tell me 　 　
【答案】1.that he has learnt2.who the man is
考点2 时态
(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:
He told me that he would take part in the competition.他告诉我他将会参加比赛。
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:
He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。
1.The teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”(改为间接引语)
The teacher told us 　 　 much faster than sound.
【答案】light travels
考点3 语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:
What’s Kate’s e-mail address Do you know
=Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is 你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗
1.Mr.Lee asked Tom,“Where have you been ”(改为间接引语)
Mr.Lee asked Tom 　 　.
【答案】where he had been
考点4 否定转移
在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。
1.I think Daniel’s finished his homework.(改为否定句)
I 　 　 Daniel 　 　 finished his homework.
【答案】don’t think　，has　
考点5 简化
(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:
I hope that I can receive your e-mail.
=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。
(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等,从句由疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:
She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。
(3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如:
I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。
1.We haven’t decided if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.(改为同义句)
We haven’t decided 　 　 to Hainan Island for a holiday.
【答案】whether to go
随堂练习
一
1.The professor smiled and said, “Please describe 　　　　　　you see in the test paper.”
【答案】what　句意:教授笑着说:“请描述一下你在试卷上看到的东西。”考查宾语从句。设空处作see的宾语。
2.Inside the case, there's a number showing 　　　　　　gave the book and when they gave the book.
【答案】who　句意:在箱子里,有一个号码显示了是谁给的这本书以及他们什么时候给的这本书。本题考查宾语从句。设空处在宾语从句中作主语,指人。
3. We'll find out 　　　　　　(是否) it turns out to be a good idea or not.
【答案】whether/if　句意:我们将会知道这是否是个好主意。是否:whether/if;分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。
4.Then his mother said,“This was a failed experiment on 　　　　　　to carry a big bottle of milk with two tiny hands.”
【答案】how　句意:然后他妈妈说:“这是一次关于如何用一双小手拿一大瓶牛奶的失败的实验。” 本题考查宾语从句。how to...结构作介词on的宾语。
5.When you had your job, you didn't have time to write down　　　 you were thinking about.
【答案】what　句意:当你有工作的时候,你没有时间把你正在思考的事情写下来。本题考查宾语从句。设空处在宾语从句中作宾语。
6.At the meeting, the managers kept arguing about the problem 　　　they reached an agreement.
A.after　　　B.when　　　C.until　　　D.since
【答案】C　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,经理们一直争论,直到达成协议为止。until直到……为止,符合题意,故选C。
7.—Linda, may I know 　　　
—Certainly.I'm going to the countryside to visit my grandparents.
A.why you will visit your grandparents
B.how you plan to spend your weekend
C.when you are leaving for the countryside
D.who you are going to the countryside with
【答案】B　本题考查宾语从句。根据答语I'm going to the countryside to visit my grandparents.可知,此处是问Linda的计划,故选B。
8.—What did Daniel say to you
—He asked me 　　　.
A.how did I get to Hubei Museum
B.why I liked hot-dry noodles so much
C.how many bridges are there in Wuhan
D.what will I study in Wuhan University
【答案】B　本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需要用陈述句语序。故选B。
9.—Do you know 　　　
—In Stratford, England.
A.where Shakespeare was born
B.when Shakespeare finished school
C.how many plays Shakespeare wrote
D.why Shakespeare's works are popular
【答案】A　句意:——你知道莎士比亚出生在哪里吗 ——英国的斯特拉特福。本题考查宾语从句。由答语In Stratford,England.可知是对地点进行提问,因此选择A项。
10.—Could you tell me 　　　
—You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.
A.when I should pay for the course
B.what the best part of the course is
C.how long the shortest course lasts
D.where I can go sightseeing after class
【答案】B　句意:——你能告诉我这个课程最好的部分是什么吗 ——你将会和一个英国家庭待在一起,参与他们的日常生活。本题考查宾语从句。由答句可知,题干中第一句问的是“什么”,故选择B。
二
一、填空题
1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.
【答案】　what　考查宾语从句的连接词。此处表示“找出那些东西是什么……”。“ 　　　 those things are”为宾语从句,作find out的宾语,该从句中缺少表语,且设空处意为“什么”,故填what。
2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai
—I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday.
【答案】when　句意:——你知道史密斯一家什么时候离开上海的吗 ——我不确定日期。我只记得是个星期天。本题考查连接词。根据答句可知是时间,因此使用when。
3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed.
—Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.
【答案】whether　句意:——据说新的公路已经竣工了。——是的,但是我们不知道是否很快就能通车。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。whether是否,符合句意。
二、单项选择
1.—Did you notice 　　　 in her office
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A.what was Miss Lin doing
B.what Miss Lin was doing
C.what does Miss Lin do
D.what Miss Lin does
【答案】B　
【解析】句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么 ——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。
2.—Dear friends, do you still remember 　　　 three years ago
—To realize our dreams!
A.why you came here B.why did you come here
C.how you came here D.how did you come here
【答案】A　
【解析】句意:——亲爱的朋友们,你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗 ——为了实现我们的梦想!本题考查宾语从句。答语是表示目的的动词不定式短语,故此处应该用why,且宾语从句中应该用陈述句语序,故选A。
3.—Alice, could you tell me 　　　 London
—Sure. Last Sunday.
A.when Mr. Smith left
B.when Mr. Smith will leave
C.when did Mr. Smith leave
D.when will Mr. Smith leave
【答案】A　
【解析】句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗 ——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。
4.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　
—Yes. She said we should meet there at nine.
A.which was the way to the station
B.why we should meet at the station
C.when we should get to the station
D.who we should meet at the station
【答案】C　
【解析】句意:——你好,肯。张夫人告诉我们什么时候应该去车站了吗 ——是的。她说我们应该9点钟在那里见面。本题考查宾语从句。由答语的at nine可知宾语从句应用when引导,故本题选择C。
5.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag
—Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A.where did you buy B.where will you buy
C.where you bought D.where you will buy
【答案】C　
【解析】句意:——朱迪,你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗 ——哦,好的。我在网上的一家商店里买的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述句语序,结合答语使用了一般过去时可知应选C。
6.Mr Jackson hasn’t decided 　　　 this weekend.
A.where he will have a picnic
B.where will he have a picnic
C.where he had a picnic
D.where did he have a picnic
【答案】A　
【解析】句意:杰克逊先生还没有决定这个周末要去哪里野餐。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序:引导词+主语+谓语+其他,排除B、D项;因为是没决定本周末要做的事,所以用将来时。故选A项。
7.—After we enter high school, we will have the courses about life management. We can choose what we like. I wonder　　　.
—Physics. I want to study science in the future.
A.what choosing courses is for
B.what courses you want to take
C.what you think of choosing courses
【答案】B　
【解析】句意:——当我们升入高中以后,我们将有关于人生规划的课程,我们可以选择我们所喜欢的。我想知道你想选择什么课程。——物理,我想在未来学习科学。本题考查宾语从句的用法。根据答语可知设空处应该问“你想选择什么课程”,故选B项。
8.—What did Tom say to you just now,John
—He asked　　　.
A.why I am so happy today
B.what will I do for the weekend
C.who did I play football with after school
D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight
【答案】D　
【解析】句意:——约翰,刚才汤姆对你说了什么 ——他问我今晚是否可以和他一起去看电影。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序,排除B、C两项;主句的时态是一般过去时态,从句应该使用相应的过去时态,排除A项。故答案为D。
9.—Do you know 　　　
—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.
A.why did they move here
B.why they moved here
C.when did they move here
D.when they moved here
【答案】D　
【解析】句意:——你知道他们什么时候搬到这儿来的吗 ——让我想想。我记得是在三月十八号。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A、C两项;答语回答的是时间,应用when引导。故选D。
10.—Do you know 　　　
—For a month.
A.how long will she be away
B.how long she will be away
C.how often will she go there
D.how often she will go there
【答案】　B　
【解析】句意:——你知道她将离开多长时间吗 ——一个月。本题考查宾语从句。根据回答可知问句应该使用how long提问,表示“多长时间”,故排除C、D两项。宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序,故排除A项。
三
1.—Could you tell me 　　　 tomorrow
—It will be sunny.
A.what will the weather be like
B.what the weather will be like
C.when will the weather be sunny
D.when the weather will be sunny
【答案】　B　
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我明天天气怎么样吗 ——将会是晴天。本题考查宾语从句。时间状语为tomorrow,应该用一般将来时,宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,故选B。
2.—Could you tell me　　　
—Sure. Go down the street, you can find it at the second crossing!
A.where is the supermarket
B.where the supermarket is
C.when does the supermarket open
D.when the supermarket opens
【答案】　B　
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我超市在哪里吗 ——当然。沿着这条街走,你会在第二个十字路口找到它!本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故排除A、C两项。根据回答Go down the street,可知问的是地点,故选B。
3.—I don’t know 　　　tomorrow.
—You can ask our teacher right now.
A.if we take the bus there B.when will we leave
C.what will we do D.how we will go there
【答案】D　
【解析】句意:——我不知道明天我们怎么去那儿。——你可以现在问问我们的老师。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除B和C,根据从句中的tomorrow可知选D。
4.We were all disappointed at　　　.
A.what does the boy say
B.what the boy says
C.what did the boy say
D.what the boy said
【答案】D　
【解析】句意:我们都对那个男孩说的话感到失望。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句中应用陈述句语序,并且此处应用过去时态,故选D。
5.—Excuse me, could you please tell me 　　　 from here to the airport
—Sure. It’s about 100 kilometers.
A.how far it is B.how long it takes
C.how far is it D.how long does it take
【答案】　A　
【解析】句意:——打扰了,你能告诉我从这儿到机场有多远吗 ——当然可以,大约100千米。本题考查宾语从句。设空处作动词tell的宾语,可知是宾语从句,应用陈述句语序,排除C和D,根据答语可知选A。
6.—Excuse me, I wonder 　　　.
—Yes, it’s near the bookstore.
A.where we will go for the holiday
B.if there is a lost and found office
C.when she will give me a call
D.how we can go to Hong Kong
【答案】　B　
【解析】句意:——打扰了,我想知道是否有一个失物招领办公室。——是的,它在书店附近。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语的Yes可知设空处的宾语从句应用if引导,连接词if意为“是否”。故选B。
7.—Can you tell me 　　　
—It will be built to help work out big city problems in Beijing.
A.if Xiong’an New Area will be built
B.when we will build Xiong’an New Area
C.why Xiong’an New Area will be built
D.what will happen to the people in Xion’an New Area
【答案】C　
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我为什么要建雄安新区吗 ——建它是为了帮助解决北京的大城市问题。本题考查宾语从句。A.雄安新区是否将被建立;B.我们什么时候建立雄安新区;C.为什么雄安新区将被建立;D.雄安新区的人们将发生什么事。根据答语可知问的是原因,故选C。
8.—Excuse me, do you know 　　　 yesterday
—Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m. yesterday.
A.when the bookstore closes
B.when does the bookstore close
C.when the bookstore closed
D.when did the bookstore close
【答案】C　
【解析】句意:——打扰一下,你知道书店昨天什么时候关门的吗 ——当然。它是昨天下午6:00关门的。本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。宾语从句的时态遵循以下原则:主句为一般现在时,从句的时态根据实际情况来确定;主句为一般过去时,从句一般用过去的某种时态。故选C。
9.—Excuse me. Could you tell me　　　about the local history and culture
—Of course. You can check it on this computer.
A.how can I get the information
B.what information did I get
C.where I can get the information
D.that I got the information
【答案】　C　
【解析】句意:——劳驾,你能告诉我在哪儿能得到关于当地历史和文化的信息吗 ——当然。你可以在这台电脑上查一下。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,故排除A、B两项,根据答语可知答案为C项。
10.The police wondered　　　.
A.whose handbag it is
B.whose handbag it was
C.whose handbag is it
D.whose handbag was it
【答案】　B　
【解析】句意:警方想知道这是谁的手提包。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,而C、D两项都是疑问句语序,故排除。当主句是一般过去时态的时候,从句应该用相应的过去时态。故排除A项。