第五章 5.1.2弧度制
一、选择题
1.下列转化结果错误的是( )
A.22°30′化成弧度是
B.-化成角度是-600°
C.-150°化成弧度是-
D.化成角度是15°
2.若α=5 rad,则角α的终边所在的象限为( )
A.第一象限 B.第二象限
C.第三象限 D.第四象限
3.将-1 485°化成α+2kπ(0≤α<2π,k∈Z)的形式是( )
A.--8π B.π-8π
C.-10π D.π-10π
4.毛主席的诗句“坐地日行八万里”描写的是赤道上的人即使坐在地上不动,也会因为地球自转而每天行八万里路程.已知我国四个南极科考站之一的昆仑站距离地球南极点约1 050 km,把南极附近的地球表面看作平面,则地球每自转rad,昆仑站运动的路程约为( )
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A.2 200 km B.1 650 km
C.1 100 km D.550 km
5.若角α的终边落在如图所示的阴影部分内,则角α的取值范围是( )
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A.
B.
C.
D.(k∈Z)
6.若弧度数为2的圆心角所对的弦长为2,则这个圆心角所夹扇形的面积是( )
A.tan 1 B.
C. D.
7.若=2kπ+(k∈Z),则的终边在( )
A.第一象限 B.第四象限
C.x轴上 D.y轴上
8.(多选题)圆的半径变为原来的2倍,弧长也增加到原来的2倍,则( )
A.扇形的面积不变
B.扇形的圆心角不变
C.扇形的面积增大到原来的4倍
D.扇形的圆心角增大到原来的2倍
9.(多选题)下列表述中正确的是( )
A.终边在x轴上角的集合是{α|α=kπ,k∈Z}
B.终边在y轴上角的集合是
C.终边在坐标轴上角的集合是
D.终边在直线y=x上角的集合是
10.若角α与角x+有相同的终边,角β与角x-有相同的终边,那么α与β间的关系为( )
A.α+β=0
B.α-β=0
C.α+β=2kπ(k∈Z)
D.α-β=2kπ+(k∈Z)
二、填空题
11.315°=π弧度,π弧度= 度.
12.将-1 360°表示成2kπ+α(0≤α<2π,k∈Z)的形式为 .
13.如图,点A,B,C是圆O上的点,且AB=4,∠ACB=,则劣弧的长为 .
14.已知θ∈,则θ的终边所在的象限是 .
15.如图所示,已知一长为 dm,宽为1 dm的长方形木块在桌面上做无滑动的翻滚,翻滚到第四次时被一小木板挡住,使木块底面与桌面成30°的角,则点A走过的路程是 dm,走过的弧所对应的扇形的总面积是 dm2.
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
三、解答题
16.如图所示,用弧度制表示顶点在原点,始边重合于x轴的非负半轴,终边落在阴影部分的角的集合.
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17.(1)把310°化成弧度;
(2)把 rad化成角度;
(3)已知α=15°、β=、γ=1、θ=105°、φ=,试比较α、β、γ、θ、φ的大小.
18.已知一个扇形的周长为12 cm,当扇形的半径为何值时,这个扇形的面积最大?并求出此时的圆心角.
19.在一块顶角为、腰长为2的等腰三角形钢板废料OAB中裁剪扇形,现有如图所示的两种方案.
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(1)求两种方案中扇形的周长之差的绝对值;
(2)比较两种方案中的扇形面积的大小.
第五章 5.1.2弧度制
一、选择题
1.下列转化结果错误的是( C )
A.22°30′化成弧度是
B.-化成角度是-600°
C.-150°化成弧度是-
D.化成角度是15°
[解析] 对A,22°30′=22.5°=,正确;对B,-=-×°=-600°,正确;对C,-150°=-150×=-,错误;对D,=×°=15°,正确.
2.若α=5 rad,则角α的终边所在的象限为( D )
A.第一象限 B.第二象限
C.第三象限 D.第四象限
[解析] ∵<5<2π,∴α=5 rad为第四象限角,其终边位于第四象限.
3.将-1 485°化成α+2kπ(0≤α<2π,k∈Z)的形式是( D )
A.--8π B.π-8π
C.-10π D.π-10π
[解析] ∵-1 485°=-5×360°+315°,
又2π rad=360°,315°=π rad.
故-1 485°化成α+2kπ(0≤α<2π,k∈Z)的形式是π-10π.
4.毛主席的诗句“坐地日行八万里”描写的是赤道上的人即使坐在地上不动,也会因为地球自转而每天行八万里路程.已知我国四个南极科考站之一的昆仑站距离地球南极点约1 050 km,把南极附近的地球表面看作平面,则地球每自转rad,昆仑站运动的路程约为( C )
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\22WY11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A.2 200 km B.1 650 km
C.1 100 km D.550 km
[解析] 因为昆仑站距离地球南极点约1 050 km,地球每自转rad,
所以由弧长公式得:l=1 050×≈1 100,故选C.
5.若角α的终边落在如图所示的阴影部分内,则角α的取值范围是( D )
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y50.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A.
B.
C.
D.(k∈Z)
[解析] 阴影部分的两条边界分别是和角的终边,所以α的取值范围是(k∈Z).
6.若弧度数为2的圆心角所对的弦长为2,则这个圆心角所夹扇形的面积是( C )
A.tan 1 B.
C. D.
[解析]
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\4SXN2.tif" \* MERGEFORMATINET
如右图所示,设∠AOB=2,AB=2.过点O作OC⊥AB于C,延长OC交于D,则∠AOD=∠AOB=1,AC=AB=1.
在Rt△AOC中,OA==.
∴扇形的面积S=×2×=.
7.若=2kπ+(k∈Z),则的终边在( D )
A.第一象限 B.第四象限
C.x轴上 D.y轴上
[解析] ∵=2kπ+(k∈Z),
∴α=6kπ+π(k∈Z),∴=3kπ+(k∈Z).
当k为奇数时,的终边在y轴的非正半轴上;当k为偶数时,的终边在y轴的非负半轴上.综上,终边在y轴上,故选D.
8.(多选题)圆的半径变为原来的2倍,弧长也增加到原来的2倍,则( BC )
A.扇形的面积不变
B.扇形的圆心角不变
C.扇形的面积增大到原来的4倍
D.扇形的圆心角增大到原来的2倍
[解析] α===α,故圆心角不变,由面积公式S=lr知,扇形的面积增大到原来的4倍,故选BC.
9.(多选题)下列表述中正确的是( ABC )
A.终边在x轴上角的集合是{α|α=kπ,k∈Z}
B.终边在y轴上角的集合是
C.终边在坐标轴上角的集合是
D.终边在直线y=x上角的集合是
[解析] 终边在直线y=x上角的集合应是α=+kπ,k∈Z},D不正确,其他选项均正确.故选ABC.
10.若角α与角x+有相同的终边,角β与角x-有相同的终边,那么α与β间的关系为( D )
A.α+β=0
B.α-β=0
C.α+β=2kπ(k∈Z)
D.α-β=2kπ+(k∈Z)
[解析] ∵α=x++2k1π(k1∈Z),β=x-+2k2π(k2∈Z),
∴α-β=+2(k1-k2)·π(k1∈Z,k2∈Z).
∵k1∈Z,k2∈Z,∴k1-k2∈Z.
∴α-β=+2kπ(k∈Z).
二、填空题
11.315°=π弧度,π弧度=105度.
12.将-1 360°表示成2kπ+α(0≤α<2π,k∈Z)的形式为-8π+.
[解析] ∵-1 360°=-4×360°+80°,而80°=,
∴应填-8π+.
13.如图,点A,B,C是圆O上的点,且AB=4,∠ACB=,则劣弧的长为.
[解析] 连接AO,OB,因为∠ACB=,所以∠AOB=,又OA=OB,所以△AOB为等边三角形,故圆O的半径r=AB=4,劣弧的长为×4=.
14.已知θ∈,则θ的终边所在的象限是第一或第二象限.
[解析] 当k为偶数时,α=2mπ+(m∈Z),当k为奇数时,α=(2m-1)π-=2mπ-(m∈Z),
∴θ的终边在第一或第二象限.
15.如图所示,已知一长为 dm,宽为1 dm的长方形木块在桌面上做无滑动的翻滚,翻滚到第四次时被一小木板挡住,使木块底面与桌面成30°的角,则点A走过的路程是dm,走过的弧所对应的扇形的总面积是dm2.
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\2022年新教材人教A版数学必修第1册教师做课件\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y6a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
[解析] 所在的圆的半径是2,所对圆心角为,
所在的圆的半径是1,所对圆心角为,
所在的圆的半径是,所对圆心角是.
点A走过的路程是3段圆弧长之和,即:
++=(dm);
3段弧所对应的扇形总面积为:
++=(dm2).
三、解答题
16.如图所示,用弧度制表示顶点在原点,始边重合于x轴的非负半轴,终边落在阴影部分的角的集合.
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[解析] (1)将阴影部分看成是由OA逆时针旋转到OB所形成.故满足条件的角的集合为+2kπ<α<+2kπ,k∈Z}.
(2)将终边为OA的一个角改写为-,此时阴影部分可以看成是OA逆时针旋转到OB所形成,故满足条件的角的集合为-+2kπ<α≤+2kπ,k∈Z}.
(3)将题干图中x轴下方的阴影部分看成是由x轴上方的阴影部分旋转π rad而得到,所以满足条件的角的集合为.
(4)与第(3)小题的解法类似,将第二象限阴影部分旋转π rad后可得到第四象限的阴影部分,所以满足条件的角的集合为.
17.(1)把310°化成弧度;
(2)把 rad化成角度;
(3)已知α=15°、β=、γ=1、θ=105°、φ=,试比较α、β、γ、θ、φ的大小.
[解析] (1)310°= rad×310= rad.
(2) rad=°=75°.
(3)解法一(化为弧度):
α=15°=15×=.θ=105°=105×=.
显然<<1<.故α<β< γ<θ=φ.
解法二(化为角度):
β==×°=18°,γ=1≈57.30°,
φ=×°=105°.
显然,15°<18°<57.30°<105°.
故α<β<γ<θ=φ.
18.已知一个扇形的周长为12 cm,当扇形的半径为何值时,这个扇形的面积最大?并求出此时的圆心角.
[解析] 设扇形的半径为r,圆心角为θ,则扇形的弧长为l=rθ,根据题意,扇形的周长2r+l=12,解得l=12-2r,所以扇形的面积S=lr=(12-2r)×r=-r2+6r=-(r-3)2+9,故当r=3时,S取得最大值,此时l=12-2×3=6,扇形的圆心角θ===2.
19.在一块顶角为、腰长为2的等腰三角形钢板废料OAB中裁剪扇形,现有如图所示的两种方案.
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(1)求两种方案中扇形的周长之差的绝对值;
(2)比较两种方案中的扇形面积的大小.
[解析] (1)由题图①所示的方案,可得∠OAD=,R1=2,
所以扇形的周长为C1=2R1+×R1=2×2+=4+.
由题图②所示的方案,可得∠MON=,R2=1,
所以扇形的周长为C2=2R2+×R2=2×1+=2+.
所以两种方案中扇形的周长之差的绝对值为|C1-C2|===2-.
(2)题图①所示方案的扇形面积为S1=α1R=××22=.题图②所示方案的扇形面积为S2=α2R=××12=.
所以两种方案中的扇形面积一样大.