定语从句（精心整理版）

定语从句
定语从句概念：在复合句中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句一般后置。如：
Mary is a girl who likes purple.玛丽是一个喜欢紫色的女孩。
定于从句的相关术语：
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。如上句中的girl。
关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两类。如上句中的who就是关系代词。
eg：I love singers （who write their own songs）.→定语从句
先行词 关系代词
结构：…先行词+ 引导词+ （主语）+ 谓语（单复数与先行词保持一致）
3.定语从句的引导词有：
关系代词：who，whom，that，which，whose
关系副词：when，where，why
先行词是引导词在句中所作成份 人 事物 人+物 是否可省略
作主语 who/that that/which that 不可省
作宾语 who/ whom/that that/which that 可省
作定语 whose whose whose 不可省
地点状语 where 不可省
时间状语 when
原因状语 why
（一）关系代词：who，whom，that，which，whose
1.关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面：
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。关系代词在句中作宾语或定语，从句谓语动词应与从句主语一致。
eg.The man who live ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s downstairs speaks English well.（作主语）住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。
The students who are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3（作主语）年级的学生明天去爬山。
He is the man whom/who/that Helen met yesterday.(作宾语)
We like music which/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that we can dance to.（作宾语） This is a house whose door faces the north.（作定语）
(2) 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。
eg. Mrs. Smi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。
This is the book (which) you are looking for. 这是那本你正在找的书。
There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有几部电影我想去看。
(3) 口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。
eg. The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。
(4) 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前）
eg.The man (whom) I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) borrowed the book from is Li Lei.→ The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. 我借书的那个人是李雷。The house (which) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he lives in is quite large.→ The house in which he lives is quite large.他住的房子很大。
应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。
e.g. The di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ctionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。
The s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾的病人是她父亲。
whose通常指人也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
He has a friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in
Whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
④ Do you like teh book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whose color is yellow Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
4. 关系代词只能用that的几种情况：
① 当先行词是everyt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )hing, anything, nothing, none, the one (something除外) 等不定代词时。
e.g. I had to rememb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )er everything that the teacher taught me. 我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。
②先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。
e.g. He was the fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rst student that got to school today. 他是今天第一个到学校的学生。
③ 先行词是或被all, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时。
e.g. I have done al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )l that he told us to do. 我已完成了他让我做的一切。
④先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g. He worked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )out the most difficult problem that I had seen. 他解答出我所见过最难的题目。
⑤ 先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰时。
e.g. I need the sam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e dictionary that you have. 我需要同你一样的字典。
⑥先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时
e.g. He told us many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )interesting things and persons that we had never heard. 他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。
⑦主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时
e.g. Who is th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e man that you spoke to just now 你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁？
【反馈练习】：填空。
1.I like the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )person ___________ never gives up. 2.She likes movies _______________ are happy.
3.He is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teacher ______________ I like best. 4.This is a book _______________ I like best.
5.This is the house__________________ I lived two years ago.
6.I still remember the day _________________ I first came to Beijing.
7.This is the reason _______________ I like English best.
8.He is the girl for ________________ we are looking.
9.This is the most interesting story _____________ I have ever heard.
10.This is the very dictionary _________________ I want to buy.
12. That book is the one __________________ I bought yesterday .
13. They talked of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the things and persons _________________ they remembered in the factory .
14. All _________________ can be done must be done .
(二)关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词：where,when,why =介词+关系代词，在句中作状语
where=in/at/on/...+which when=during/on/in...which why=for which
1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语（先行词是时间）
(1).I still remember the day when/on which I first met her.
(2)I havn’t seen him since the year when/in which he went abroad.
(3).I’ll never forget the day ___________ I joined the League.
(4).April Fool’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Day is a day ____________ people play jokes on friends.
(5).I will never for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get the day _______________ I first came to Shenzhen.
(6).I will never forget the time ____________we spent together.
2.where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语（先行词是地点）
(1).Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2).The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
(3).The museum ____________ you visited last year is famous in China.
(4).The museum _____________ you worked last year is famous in China.
3.why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语（先行词是reason）
(1).Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2).I don’t know the reason ___________ he looks unhappy today.
(3).Can you tell me the reason ___________ you come late
(4).I don’t want to hear any reason ___________ you might give.
(三)定语从句可以简化成短语。
①定语从句为被动结构，可用过去分词短语简化。
e.g. I bought a boo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )k that was written by Lu Xun.
→ I bought a book written by Lu Xun.我买了一本鲁迅写的书。
② 若为主动结构，且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时，可用现在分词短语简化。
e.g. Tell the child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ren who are playing there not to do that. → Tell the children playing there not to do that.
The house that st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ands at the corner was built in 1987. → The house standing at the corner was built in 1987.
③ 当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时，可简化为动词不定式。
e.g. We have nothing t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )hat we should fear. → We have nothing to fear. 我们没有什么事情可以害怕。
④当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时，可简化为介词短语作定语。
e.g. The book that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) is on the table is expensive. → The book on the table is expensive.
综合练习
The place __________ interested me most me was the Children’s Palace.
which B.where C.what D. In which
Do you know the ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n________ A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke
This is the hotel _______ last month.
which they stayed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed
Do you know the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) year__________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A.which B. that C. when D.on which
That is the day _______ I’ll never forget. A. which B. on which C.in which D.when
The factory _______we’ll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B.to which C. which D. in which
Great changes have ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ken place since then in the factory ___________ we are working.
A.where B. that C.which D.there
This is one of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the best films _______. A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown
C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked
Can you lend me the book________ the other day
A.about which you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D. that you talked
The pen ________he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which
They arrived at a fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmhouse, in front of ___ sat a small boy .A.whom B.who C.which D.that
The engineer __________ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom
It there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country
A.who B.who’s C.which D.whose
I’m interested in__________ you have said. A. all that B.all what C.that D.which
He talked a lot ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out things and persons _______ they remembered in the school.
A.which B.that C. whom D.what
You’re the only person ______ I’ve ever met _______could do it.
A.who;/ B. /;whom C.whom;/ 　D./;who
I will never forge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the day _________ we worked together and the day ____ we spent together.
when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when
18.I shall never for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get those years ___ I lived on the farm with the farmers,_____has a great effect on my life. A.when;who B.that; which C.which;that D.when;which