北师大版七年级数学下册第一章第六节完全平方公式说课 课件(共20张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 北师大版七年级数学下册第一章第六节完全平方公式说课 课件(共20张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版 | ||
| 科目 | 数学 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-16 21:58:33 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共20张PPT)
北师大版七年级数学下册第一章第六节《完全平方公式》说课 课件
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
一、教材：
红细胞是中间在一个“亮点”的，为什么？因为成熟的红细胞的没有细胞核的，中间薄，周沿厚的两面凹的圆饼状的结构，在显微镜下看，中间的透光度大，而周沿的相对小，所以红细胞是中间在一个“亮点”的。白细胞是有细胞核的，而细胞一般的装片里，是被染成蓝色的，所以我们在显微镜下在细胞里蓝点的是白细胞，因为血小板又是没有细胞核的，而血小板的形状不一。
二、教法：熟练使用显微镜，找到要观察到的细胞。
三、学生：
学生已经掌握了显微镜的使用方法，但本实验对显微镜的使用提出了较高的要求，教师应该注意引导学生仔细调好显微镜。 四、实验前的准备： 人血的永久涂片，显微镜 。 五、实验内容：用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片。
六、实验目的 认识红细胞和白细胞。
七、实验重点：认识红细胞和白细胞
实验难点：认识红细胞和白细胞
八、教学方法：实验法。
九、实验仪器和用品：人血的永久涂片，显微镜。
十、实验过程：
把人血的永久涂片，放在低倍显微镜下进行观察，并对照彩图四，认识红细胞。白细胞，比较它们的形态和数量。 十一、实验小结： 人体内的红细胞，白细胞和血小板，可由红骨髓内的细胞演变而来；也可由脾脏和淋巴结负责制造。 血细胞也有一定的寿命，红细胞的平均寿命约120天，白细胞寿命不等，约13天，血小板的平均寿命是7天。由于白细胞和血小板的寿命短，所以在血库中贮存的血液基本上 只有红细胞。在4℃，加一定的保护剂的条件下，也只能保存6～7周。而需要补充白细胞和血小板时，则要给病人输新鲜的血。
十二、作业：探究实验报告单。
新概念英语第三册摘要写作答案
新概念英语第三册摘要写作答案
PAGE / NUMPAGES
新概念英语第三册摘要写作答案
新概念英语第三册摘要写作范文示例
Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
The reports received by London Zoo that a puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London were similar in nature. A woman picking blackberries saw it first, but the puma moved from place to place,leaving a trail of dead deer and small animals. Paw prints and puma fur were found as well. ‘Cat-like noises’were heard at night and the animal was seen up a tree. Now experts were convinced that the animal really was a puma. (79 words)
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
At one o'clock in the morning, the church clock striking the hours woke the vicar up as it struck thirteen times. The vicar went into the clock tower, taking a torch with him. He saw Bill Wilkins, the local grocer there and Bill explained he was trying to repair the clock but hadn't succeeded because at one o'clock it struck thirteen times. However, the vicar was pleased the bell was working and offered the grocer a cap of tea. (79 words)
Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神
Archaeologists found clay fragments in an ancient temple. These represented the fifteen statues of goddesses which had once been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains from the fifteenth century B.C. while its head was found among remains from the fifth century B.C. When the Unit 1 Lesson 3 fragments were reconstructed, they turned out to be a goddess which stood three feet high. Her hands rested on her hips and she was wearing a full-length skirt. Her identity is unknown. (80 words)
Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs 阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
When he got married, Alfred Bloggs told his wife he worked for the Corporation. Though he dressed in a smart black suit every morning, he changed into overalls at work and spent the day working as a dustman. Then he took a shower and changed back into his suit at night. This lasted for two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. His wife will never learn the truth because her husband will be an office worker in future. (80 words )
Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字
Though the journalist immediately set out to get the facts after receiving instructions from his editor, he did not send them at once. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, so he sent three faxes, finally threatening to fire the journalist. When the last fax was unanswered, the article was published in its original form. The journalist sent the editor a fax a week later explaining he had been imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall. (80 words)
Lesson 6 Smash-and grab 砸橱窗抢劫
A large car entered an arcade near Piccadilly and stopped outside a jeweller's. Two thieves got out and smashed the shop window. The owner of the shop was upstairs at the time, so he threw furniture at thethieves hitting one of them with a heavy statue. The raid lasted only three minutes and the thieves drove away. Running after them, the owner threw ashtrays and vases, but the thieves got away, stealing thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
(79 words)
Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
John Butlin runs a successful furniture business and after a very good day, he put his wallet containing ￡3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and his fianc6e, Jane, went horse-riding, after which Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven only to find to their dismay that the money had been destroyed. John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains to the Mutilated Ladies department who identified the remains and returned the money. (79 words)
Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院
The St. Bernard's Pass is visited by thousands of people in summer, who cross the Pass in cars. Because there are so many people about, the dogs are kept in a special enclosure. As the temperature in winter falls to -30°, there are few visitors, so the monks prefer this season. The dogs are also free to wander outside their enclosure. Parties of young skiers regularly visit the monastery in winter, during Christmas and Easter when they are warmly welcomed.(80 words )
Lesson 9 Flying cats 飞猫
The New York Animal Medical Centre recently made a study of 132 cats. All these cats had one thing in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight had died from shock or injuries. One cat,Sabrina, had fallen 32 storeys but only suffered from a broken tooth. When falling at speeds up to 60 miles per hour, cats stretch out their legs which increases their air－resistance and reduces the shock of impact on hitting the ground. (79 words)
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没
The Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic when an iceberg was spotted by a lookout. After the alarm was given, the ship turned sharply and sailed alongside it. Suddenly, a faint noise was heard from below, so the captain went down to investigate, only to find that five of the sixteen compartments had been flooded. On hearing the order to abandon ship, people jumped overboard, but 1,500 drowned because there were not enough lifeboats. (79 words)
Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
Though the writer had nothing to declare, the Customs Officer made him unlock his case. Searching the case carefully, the Officer found a small bottle, which he thought was perfume. The writer told the Customs Officer that it was hair gel, which he had made himself. As the Officer did not believe this, the writer encouraged him to try it. The unpleasant smell convinced him the writer was telling the truth, so he let him pass through Customs. (70 words)
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活
As the two men's boat was damaged, they were taking it to Miami when on the way it began to sink. After loading a rubber dinghy with food, matches and beer, the two men rowed a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There they collected rainwater in the dinghy and caught fish and lobster with a spear gun. For five days, they‘ate like kings’ until they were rescued by a passing tanker. (80 words)
Lesson 13 ‘It’s only me’ “是我，别害怕”
Mrs. Richards had dressed up as a ghost and was just going into the dining room when there was a knock on the door. Thinking it was the baker, she hid in the storeroom under the stairs. She heard footsteps in the hall and then the man from the Electricity Board opened the storeroom door. Though she said ‘It's only me’, he got a bad fright. When she walked towards him, he fled, slamming the front door behind him. (79 words )
Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
After Sir John Hawkwood settled near Florence six hundred years ago, he hired soldiers to the princes of city-states in times of war. In times of peace he threatened to destroy a city-state unless protection money was paid. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. Sir John was eighty when he died and the Florentines not only gave him a state funeral but had a picture painted of him, dedicated to his memory. (79 words)
Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦
George was going to the sweet shop when he lost fifty pence down a drain. After removing his jacket, he put his arm through the drain cover. He couldn't find his money and couldn't get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter. She failed to free him, but two firemen succeeded with a special type of grease. The sweet shop owner presented George with a large box of chocolates. (80 words )
Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头小羔羊
When Dimitri came home, Mary told him that her white lamb had been stolen. On learning that his neighbour, Aleko, had acquired a lamb, Dimitri went to Aleko's house and accused him of stealing it. When Aleko showed his lamb, Dimitri saw it was black, so he apologized. After staying in Aleko's house for a while because it had begun to rain, Dimitri got a surprise outside when he found the lamb was almost white. It had been dyed black! (80 words)
Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长的吊桥
The Verrazano Bridge, which joins Brooklyn to Staten Island, has a span of 4,260 feet. Its two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on platforms made of steel and concrete, extending over 100 feet under the sea and rising nearly 700 feet above the surface of the water. The bridge is suspended from four huge cables, each of which contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It is not only very strong, but simple and elegant as well. (80 words)
Lesson 18 Electric currents in modern art 现代艺术中的电流
On entering the art gallery, the writer saw a notice which forbade people to touch the exhibits because they were dangerous. The exhibition consisted of pieces of moving sculpture.Against a wall, the writer saw long thin wires attached to metal spheres which attracted and repelled each other. In the centre of the hall were tall structures containing coloured lights which went on and off. Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off. (79 words)
Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一只贵重的宝贝猫
Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter three days after her cat's disappearance.The writer of the letter demaded ￡1,000 for the return of the cat,and warned she would never see him again if she went to the police.She had to put the money in a cardboard box and leave it outside her door. After drawing ￡1,000 from her band,she acted on the kidnapper's instructions.The money disappeared the following morning,and Rastus returned at seven o'clock that evening. (80 words)
Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
Bleriot and Latham arrived in Calais on July 21st, 1909. Though it looked as if there would be a race on July 25th, Latham didn't take part, because he didn't get up early enough. After making a short test flight,Bleriot crossed the Channel in thirty-seven minutes. A policeman greeted him when he arrived in Dover.Latham got within half a mile of Dover the following week, having to land on the sea a second time because his engine failed. (80 words)
Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔 门多萨
When the two men quarrelled, they settled the argument by a fight. This took place at Stilton. It lasted an hour and Humphries won. When they met again, Mendoza lost again, but in their third match in 1790,Mendoza finally beat Humphries to become Champion of England. He founded a successful boxing Academy and earned a lot of money, but was so extravagant he was always in debt. He was finally sent to prison and died in poverty in 1836. (80 words)
Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
The aristocrat was sitting in his cell when the gaoler entered and handed him the letter----a blank sheet of paper. The aristocrat looked at it, squinted and said: ‘The light is dim. Read me the letter.’ He handed the letter back to the gaoler, who said: ‘The light is indeed dim. I'll get my glasses.’ He left the stage and returned with a pair of glasses and the real letter, which he read to the prisoner. (79 words)
Lesson 23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison 各有所爱
The writer collected several dozen snails, put them in a paper bag and took them to Robert who was delighted to see him, and pleased with the snails. The writer left the bag in the hall and he and Robert went into the living room and talked for a couple of hours. He had forgotten the snails until Robert invited him to dinner, and he followed Robert into the hall to find snails everywhere. They had escaped from the bag.
Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”
The writer started to unpack and put his shirts and underclothes into drawers and then decided to hang a suit in the cupboard. He opened the cupboard and stood petrified: there, dangling in front of him, was a skeleton. It was swaying and ready to leap out at him. He dropped his suit and dashed downstairs to tell George. George was unsympathetic and told the writer it was Sebastian, a skeleton he had when he was a medical student. (79 words)
Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂萨克”号帆船
The Thermopylae reached Java first, but the Cutty Sark took the lead on the Indian Ocean. When the Cutty Sark was struck by a storm, her rudder was torn away. A temporary rudder was made and fitted, but the ship lost the lead. After crossing the Equator, they called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted.
Even with a new rudder, the Cutty Sark arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae, which was 500 miles ahead. (80 words)
Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 征购大饼干筒
A biscuit company asked its customers to bake biscuits and send them to the factory. As a prize, they offered ＄10 a pound for the biggest biscuit they received. The response was tremendous, with one biscuit weighing 500 pounds and another weighing 713 pounds. They thought that was the winner until a lorry delivered one which weighed 2,400 pounds baked by a college student. A crane lifted it from the lorry and the manufacturers paid the student ＄24,000.
(80 words)
Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不买
Unlike beggars, real tramps have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. Although they seek independence, they will not sacrifice their human dignity. They choose their own way of life and are aware of the consequences. They may not know where the next meal is coming from, but they do not have the worries that others have. They can travel easily because they have few possessions and when they sleep in the open, they are close to nature. (79 words)
Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑太贵
The next man who approached him was selling watches and pens, and when the writer looked at one, it looked genuine. The man said it was worth ￡50 but the writer could have it for ￡30. The writer offered him ￡5 and waited. Eventually, as the writer was walking away, the man agreed and took ￡5. The writer was very pleased----until he was back on board. The pen was impossible to fill. It has never written a word since. (80 words)
Lesson 29 Funny or not 是否可笑？
A man broke his right leg just before Christmas and was taken to hospital. He wanted to know when he could go home. On Christmas Day he was still in hospital with his leg in plaster, but there was a good chance of leaving hospital for the New Year. In fact, he was out in time to go to a New Year's Eve party where he drank too much, slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg. (80 words)
Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死
Eric joined the army during the Second World War, but hated army life, so he deserted. He returned to the farm where his father hid him until the end of the war, and he remained in hiding after the war. His father told everyone that he had been killed in action. Joe and Bob kept the secret, so Eric lived as a recluse. He slept during the day and worked at night, so he became the ‘ghost of Endley’.(79 words)
Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人
Dickie had been caught in a heavy shower when he walked into an expensive shop. He wanted a ￡300 watch for his wife, but he was so bedraggled the assistant refused to serve him. He left the shop and returned with a heavy cloth bag which he dumped on the counter. Dickie asked for the manager. When he was given the watch, he gave the assistant the bag which contained ￡300 in pennies, which the assistant had to count. (80 words)
Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船
The chest containing the personal belongings of Alan Fielding told them a lot, and there were other items of interest. A heavy gun proved the ship was a cruiser. Another chest belonging to a ship's officer contained an unfinished letter dated March 14th, 1943, from which they learnt the ship's name. The most valuable find was the ship's log book, which told them the Karen had been sailing in convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.(80 words )
Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
When the driver behind braked, his wife was thrown forward and the large cake on her lap flew through the windscreen and landed on the road. A lorry had to pull up suddenly and hundreds of empty beer bottles slid off onto the road. The traffic piled up so that it took the police an hour to get it on the move again. The lorry driver swept up the glass and two stray dogs ate the remains of the cake.(80 words )
Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
While visiting an antique shop one Saturday, Frank was about to leave when he saw a large packing case. He asked the dealer to open it but the contents were disappointing until he lifted some crockery and noticed a miniature painting at the bottom. He had already decided to buy it when the dealer told him it was ￡50. Frank was excited because this was a real discovery. The painting was an unknown masterpiece worth hundreds of thousands of pounds. (80 words)
Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
A girl in the jewellery store heard muffled cries coming from behind a wall. When she heard the cry again, she went and told the manager who rang the fire brigade. When they arrived, the fire fighters found the right chimney by tapping the walls and listening. They chipped through a thick wall and found the man who could not move because the chimney was so narrow. They finally freed him by cutting a large hole in the wall. (79 words )
Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇
Hans had been wounded towards the end of the war, taken to hospital and separated from his unit. When the hospital had been bombed, he had returned to West Germany on foot. Meantime, his unit had been lost and all records of him destroyed. He returned to the family home to find the house bombed. Assuming all his family were dead, he settled in a village 50 miles away where he had lived until he met Franz and his wife. (80 words)
Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
When many local people boarded the train with the writer, he was not surprised. Nor was he surprised when the train stopped at Widley. But when it stopped at each station, he began to wonder why it was going so slowly. Finally, when the train reached Westhaven, the writer spoke to the station master who denied the existence of an express. They argued and the writer was shown this timetable footnote, which said:‘ This service has been suspended.’(79 words)
Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
Historians have long been puzzled by prehistoric markings on walls, bones and tusks. The people who made the markings were nomads during the last Ice Age. Finally historians have managed to read this difficult code and realized that they depict the passing of the days and phases of the moon. They are in fact a primitive calendar. There is a connection between the pictures of hunting scenes and the markings with them. (71 words )
Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
When the boulders disappeared, there was a wide plain covered with clumps of bushes. Ahead was a huge fissure and Bruce stopped. We examined it and found it was fifty yards long, two feet wide and four feet deep. Without thinking, Bruce raced the car along it and then we were back on the plain. The village was 15 miles away and the next obstacle was a very wide shallow pool. Bruce charged in and stopped in the middle. (79 words)
Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨
When a policeman arrived, he asked the workmen to go away. Later four more policemen arrived. The workmen still refused to stop and the police threatened to confiscate their pneumatic drill. One workman then threatened to call the police, which was silly because they were already under arrest. When another workman asked to make a telephone call, a policeman accompanied him to a phone. The workman actually rang the police and they realized they had been victims of a hoax. (80 words )
Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
You never have to travel miles to see friends because they live nearby. Nor do you have to worry about catching the last train home after the theatre. The latest exhibitions, films and plays are all a bus ride away. Shopping is a pleasure, too. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. The city can be beautiful and peaceful, too ---- beautiful with the glow of neon advertisements, and peaceful at weekends. (79 words )
Lesson 42 Modern cavemen 现代洞穴人
On entering a narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down and reached a narrow corridor. They edged their way along and came to a waterfall which dropped to an underground lake. They plunged into the lake in special rubber suits and let the current take them to the other side. On squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, they discovered an enormous cavern where they saw massive stalagmites and stalactites. All they could hear was water dripping from above. (80 words)
Lesson 43 Fully insured 全保险
The divers found the dish, but it was difficult to haul out of the water. The sides were so smooth it was almost impossible to attach chains to it Eventually chains were attached and they pulled the dish to the canal bank on a winch. Unfortunately it overbalanced and slid back. They then fixed clamps to both sides and fastened chains to lift it vertically. With a winch they hauled the dish above the surface and on to dry land. (80 words)
Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适
Nothing matches a plane for speed and comfort. An aeroplane reaches its destination rapidly. You travel in complete comfort, often watching a film or sipping champagne. You have a breathtaking view of the world and you can really appreciate the landscape. When you are above the clouds, the sight of cloud plains is extraordinary. The journey is so smooth that it is easy to read or sleep, and you always arrive fresh and uncrumpled at the end of the flight. (80 words )
Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力
Immediately the news got out, a plane arrived with reporters and photographers. The family's rise to fame was swift and soon the media had told the whole country. Newspapers and magazines offered huge sums of money for exclusive rights to the story, while gifts poured in from baby products manufacturers. 'The family's old farmhouse was replaced by a new home, while lawyers were employed as spokesmen. The parents paid the price for fame: they would never again lead normal lives. (80 words)
Lesson 46 Do it yourself 自己动手
The author looked at his machine and reckoned that only a minor adjustment was needed. After adjusting a few things, the mower still refused to work, so he dismantled it and traced the cause of the trouble: there was a broken link in the drive chain. After buying a new chain and reassembling the mower, it still did not work. However, he was not really surprised because there were bits left that did not fit anywhere ---- so he gave up. (80 words)
Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价太高
Noise constantly invades our daily lives. According to a recent survey, the worst noise is dogs barking at night, although the noise of lawn mowers, late-night parties, noisy neighbours, vehicles, planes and helicopters and large radios all adds. While the use of mobile phones in public places, it seems, is annoying, the survey revealed that one ‘old-fashioned’ source of noise is snoring, with men the worst offenders: only a small percentage of women snore, but they suffer most.(80 words)
Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄
The village contained one street and looked forbidding. Apart from a goat, it seemed deserted, so they sat down and had a picnic. Looking up, they suddenly found themselves surrounded by children in rags. The children were silent and motionless. As they walked down the street followed by the children, the village came alive with faces in windows and people watching them silently from doorways. The visitors were clearly unwelcome. They hurried back down to the stream and the boatman.
Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人
On her return with a party of guests, Aunt Harriet asked Bessie to prepare dinner. Not only was the meal below standard, Bessie could not walk steadily, and she bumped into furniture and mumbled at the guests. When she brought in the pudding, she tripped and the pudding crashed onto the dining table.While the guests were very amused, Aunt Harriet was horrified. She realized Bessie was drunk and dismissed her immediately. (72 words)
Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心
The writer exercised early in the morning for two days before anyone found out. When he sat at breakfast the second day, his condition betrayed him. His enthusiasm waned so that by January 10th, things were back to normal. However, he decided to keep his mind fresh for reading. He read on his own until one evening he went down and sat in front of the television, but he dozed off. He has now bought a book on speed reading! (80 words)
Lesson 51 Predicting the future 预测未来
According to Bagrit, computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, and they would be able to provide information about traffic jams and suggest alternative routes. They would be used to help doctors diagnose illnesses, and in business would relieve office workers of dull, repetitive work. However, he failed to predict the use of the Internet as a vehicle of communication or a source of information. But as predicted, computers have become smaller, more powerful and cheaper. (79 words )
Lesson 52 Mud is mud 实事求是
The assistant promised to order the‘ Myrolite ’Harry bad already asked for, so he then said he wantedperfumed mud. This time her eyes lit up and she immediately fetched several bottles which she put onthe counter. Harry picked up the smallest bottle, and when he learned the price ( ￡20 ), he paid and leftwith the bottle under his arm. This curious bottle, now in his study, was his first and last purchase of rarecosmetics. (77 words)
Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益
On receiving a complaint from a foreigner about police ill - treatment, the Ombudsman wrote to the Chiefof Police asking for a record of the case. As there was no official record and the Chief denied theaccusation, no action was possible. But When there was another similar complaint, the Ombudsman senta lawyer to investigate. He ascertained the truth of the accusations, the policeman was severelyreprimanded and warned that if there were further complaints he would be prosecuted. (80 words)
Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness 是本能还是机智
The writer saw thousands of ants crawling up his peach tree. Then he noticed the leaves of the tree were withering and found there were aphids under the leaves. They were being visited by the ants. In an effort to stop them, he bound the base of the tree with sticky tape and of course they couldn't cross it. By the next morning, however, they had solved the problem: they were climbing onto the leaves from the house wall.
Lesson 55 From the earth: Greetings 来自地球的问候
Finding life on other planets with earth based telescopes is impossible because of the heat of our planet and the dust particles throughout the solar System. A telescope would need to be as far away as Jupiter. Even then, the problem will be how to blot out the light from a planet's sun to study it. The most likely forms of life will be plants and bacteria. Even the discovery of lowly life forms would change our view of ourselves. (80 words)
Lesson 57 Back in the old country 重返故里
In the place of the village there was only a lake. Had he taken the wrong turning He went back to town and retraced his route, only to finish up at the same spot. The lake was not marked. When a man on horse back appeared, the author asked the way tothe old village. The horseman told him there was no village and pointed to the lake: it had been submerged with the whole valley under a man-made reservoir. (80 words)
Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点儿小麻烦
The old lady and the potter went through the flat, careful not to touch anything. Later, a police inspector looked for fingerprints while a constable checked the front door locks. There were no fingerprints, but the inspector found a bundle of jewellery suggesting this was not the burglars' first job that day. The inspector asked the lady to check what was missing and advised her not to stay in the flat. Eventually she rang her daughter to ask for help. (80 words)
Lesson 59 Collecting 收藏
Collecting provides hours of relaxation for looking at your treasures is a joy. If you have a collection at home, why go out There is always something to do, from finding the right place for the latest addition to verifying facts in reference books. Collecting is educational, too, and through meeting people, increases your circle of friends. The hobby can lead to travel, national and international. You may become an authority on the subject and be asked to give talks. (80 words)
Lesson 60 Too early and too late 太早和太晚
The girl entered the railway station twenty minutes early, but the porter said she was two hours too soon.
When she showed him the details of the journey, he agreed it was correct, but said it was a mail train, not a passenger train. When she demanded to see a timetable, the station master came and pointed out that the train only stopped for mail. The train came in but the girl was still not allowed to get on. (79 words )
中班诗歌教案《家》
中班诗歌教案《家》
PAGE / NUMPAGES
中班诗歌教案《家》
活动目标：
1、通过说说、看看、听听理解诗歌内容，感受诗歌优美的意境。
2、学习仿编诗歌，尝试用多种方式表现自己对诗歌的理解。
3、愿意参与诗歌听赏活动，在同伴面前大胆表达。
活动准备：
家的背景图；白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友的贴绒；各种动物头饰。
活动过程：
一、观察背景图，熟悉诗歌内容。
1、利用背景图导入，学习诗歌的规范词汇。
师：今天老师带来了一幅美丽的图画，我们一起来看看图画上有些什么？
（出示背景图）师：请小朋友来说一说，你看到了什么？
幼1：我看到了（天空）。
师：看到了什么样的（天空）？
幼1：我看到了（蓝蓝的天空）。
师：你还看到了什么？
幼2：我还看到了…………..
2、以师点幼读的形式，帮助幼儿进一步熟悉诗歌中的主要词汇。
师：老师觉得加上了这些好听的词语，这幅画更漂亮了，我们一起来学一学。
（蓝蓝的天空、密密的树林、绿绿的草地、青青的河水、红红的花朵、快乐的幼儿园）师：接下来，老师想和小朋友们玩个游戏，老师指到哪个你们就要马上说出来，可以吗？
3、猜测诗歌具体内容师：刚才，我们说的蓝蓝的天空、密密的树林、绿绿的草地、青青的河水、红红的花朵、快乐的幼儿园可都是一个个家呢？那么，它们都是谁的家呢？老师请来了很多小客人，看看它们是谁？
（出示白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友）4、给贴绒动物找家师：现在要请小朋友来给这些小客人找家，一边找一边要说出谁是谁的家。
（幼儿操作）二、完整倾听、朗诵诗歌师：小客人都找到了家，它们好开心啊，老师告诉你们把这里所有的"家"连起来就是一首好听的诗歌了，我们一起来听一听。
（师配乐念诗歌）师：这首诗歌非常好听，我们一起来学一学吧。
（幼儿和老师念诗歌）师：老师发现~~~念的特别好，我知道他也在为小客人们高兴呢，我们一起再来一遍，读的时候要连贯、整齐。
（第二遍念诗歌）师：老师发现叮当猫队的小朋友读得最好了，我们一起来听听他们是怎么读的。
（小组形式念诗歌）师：老师相信我们中四班其他小朋友也能读得和他们一样棒，我们一起再来一遍，读的时候要有感情，是高兴的，还要连贯，整齐。
（第4遍念诗歌）师：这首诗歌还可以配上好听的音乐呢，那我们试着配上音乐再来一遍吧。
二、结合诗歌原有模式进行仿编师：中四班的小朋友都非常的聪明，那接下来，老师要考考你们了，"蓝蓝的天空还会是谁的家呢？"（拿掉白云，请幼儿回答）师：那密密的树林还是谁的家呢？
（拿掉小鸟，请幼儿回答）师：绿绿的草地还是谁的家呢？
（拿掉小羊，请幼儿回答）师：青青的河水、红红的花朵、快乐的幼儿园还是谁的家呢？请小朋友们先自己想一想，也可以和旁边的好朋友讨论一下。
（请幼儿回答）…….
师：真棒，小朋友们都很聪明，又编出了一首新的诗歌，我们一起看着图片来学一学。
三、延伸活动师：等一下，小朋友们可以选择一种自己喜欢的形式再来仿编新的诗歌。
蓝蓝的天空是白云的家，密密的树林是小鸟的家，绿绿的草地是小羊的家，清清的河水是小鱼的家，红红的花儿是蝴蝶的家，快乐的幼儿园是小朋友的家诗歌分析：
《家》这首诗歌结构工整而统一，语言优美而不乏生动，它以拟人化的形式，描绘出了自然界万物之间亲密的联系，这首诗歌的模式，也易于孩子们在生活中进行再创编活动。根据本班幼儿在语言方面的发展水平，我做了一些前期经验准备，而且本次活动运用到的教具：白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶和小朋友，都是很贴近幼儿生活的东西，所以我选择了这个很适合中班幼儿进行欣赏学习和仿编的内容。
、
活动目标：
1、幼儿理解诗歌内容，感受诗歌的画面美和语言美。
2、尝试仿编诗歌，培养幼儿的想象力、创造力。
3、热爱地球，培养幼儿环保意识。
活动准备：
1、画有蓝天、树林、草地、河水、花儿、幼儿园大幅背景图。
2、制作好的白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友贴绒学具。
3、小卡片人手一份、根据内容制作的头饰若干。
活动过程：
一、分组活动，利用卡片创编诗歌。
1、今天老师给小朋友带来了很多漂亮的小卡片，因为小卡片它们出去玩，给迷路了，找不到自己的家了，所以老师把它们带来，请小朋友帮小卡片找家，看看它们的家在哪里？好不好？（幼儿操作给卡片配对找家--规则：请小朋友从绿色盘子里拿一样，看看拿的是什么？再从白色盘子里去给它找家，找到的小朋友把手举起来。）
2、幼儿配对好后，师：刚才我们都帮小卡片找到了家，小朋友们真棒！下面我们要用"什么是什么的家"说一句话。（示范：比如：蓝蓝的天空是白云的家。）引导幼儿根据自己配对好的卡片，用同样的句型跟旁边的小朋友说一说。（2分钟左右）
3、师：刚才老师听到有些小朋友说得真好，现在我要请这几个小朋友把卡片带上来说给大家听，其他小朋友把卡片放回盘子，回到位子上坐好。幼儿集中，6个幼儿按诗歌内容排好，提问：你拿到了什么？按什么是什么的家说一句话。其他小朋友跟念两遍。
二、出示挂图，引导幼儿理解诗歌内容。
1、现在，老师要把刚才小朋友们说出来的句子，组编成一首好听的诗歌叫--家。（播放音乐，老师有感情地朗诵诗歌）
2、出示背景图，幼儿学习诗歌。
幼儿学习诗歌，跟念2-3遍。
师：为什么小羊喜欢住在绿绿的草地啊？为什么小鱼住在河水里呢？。。。（幼儿答）
师：小朋友们说得都很对，动物出生的地方、喜欢去玩耍的地方、有它喜欢的食物的地方，都能让它快乐，让它有家的感觉！
3、小朋友们你们现在都会了吗？跟着老师用最好听的声音、最美的动作把诗歌的内容表现出来。
三、培养幼儿发散性思维，引导幼儿仿编诗歌。
1、师：蓝蓝的天空除了可以是白云的家，还可以是谁的家呀？
师：说的很好！小朋友们我们一起来说说：蓝蓝的天空是太阳的家。。。
师：那密密的树林除了小鸟的家，还可以是谁的家？
师：好的那我们来一起说说，密密的树林是蝴蝶的家，密密的树林是兔子的家。。。
师：绿绿的草地除了是小羊的家还可以是谁的家呀？
师：对了，绿绿的草地是小牛的家。。。
师：那清清的河水除了小鱼的家，还有谁的家呢？（做鸭子的动作）
师：清清的河水是小鸭的家。。。
师：红红的花儿和快乐的幼儿园又是谁的家呢？（蜜蜂、老师）
师：小朋友们，真厉害呀，都会自己编诗歌，学了这首好听的诗歌后，我们知道了，每一种动物、植物和我们都有自己的家。而且世界上所有的动物、植物和人类，都有一个共同的家，小朋友们想一想，这个家是什么呢？
师：对，就是我们赖以生存的地球。所以我们要热爱自己的家，保护好地球，不能去破坏它。老师也编了一句诗，放在这首诗的最后：美丽的地球是我们共同的家，我们大家要爱护它！（幼儿跟念2遍）
2、现在就用我们最好听！最响亮的声音最后来一次，表达我们对地球妈妈的爱！
四、游戏：《找家》
下面请小朋友来玩找家的游戏。（幼儿出来扮演什么站好了，老师说明游戏规则并示范）
玩法：每组分别请三个小朋友围成圈来扮演天空、树林、草地、花儿，六个小朋友来扮演白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友，并蹲在地上，等音乐一停，就赶紧去找自己的家。如果没有找到家的，说明它的家不在这里，要等下一个游戏再找，以此类推。
小结：根据游戏结果，对找错家或没找到家的幼儿进行点评。分析为什么找错家或没找到家。
五、活动延伸
师：小朋友们，我们今天学会编是诗歌了，真棒！那晚上回家也可以和爸爸妈妈一起编更多的诗歌哦！
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图例子
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图例子
PAGE / NUMPAGES
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图例子
辽 C2 - 0
共 页 第 页
编号：
压 力 容 器 产 品 工 艺 文 件
产品名称 冷却器
图 号 4M8(52).63-00
容器类别 二 类
制造编号 E11-130
产品编号 E11-130
编制： 2011 年 3 月 8 日 审核： 2011 年 月 8 日压 力 容 器 工 艺 文 件 目 次 表
辽C 2 - 1
共 页 第 页
序号工 艺 文 件 名 称表、卡编号份 数共 页备注 1压力容器产品工艺文件辽C2-012压力容器工艺文件目次表辽C2-113压力容器图样、技术文件发放记录辽C2-214压力容器图样设计、工艺性审查记录辽A2-315压力容器工艺流程图辽B2-426压力容器壳体排板图辽B2-527 工艺过程卡辽B2-6.178 工艺过程卡（续页）辽B2-6.2—9热处理工艺卡辽B2-7—10成型工艺卡辽B2-8—11锻造工艺卡辽B2-9—12压力容器材料工艺消耗定额明细表辽C2-10—13压力容器外购件明细表辽C2-11—14技术联系单辽C2-12—15压力容器工艺装备验证卡辽C2-14—
压力容器图样、技术文件发放记录
辽C 2—2
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器图 号4M8(52).63-00产 品 编 号E11-130制 造 编 号E11-130容 器 类 别二类设 计 单 位沈阳鼓风机集团压力容器有限公司订 货 单 位台 数一台序
号图 样 及 技 术 文 件 发 放 明 细 表资 料 回 收备 注名 称分 发 单 位 及 部 门图 样表 卡领取人日 期回收
数量日 期经办人份张份张年 月 日年 月 日1装配图容器车间 质检科22邸洪宾
邸春红2011.3.122零件图容器车间 质检科22邸洪宾
邸春红2011.3.12
压力容器图样设计、工艺性审查记录
辽A 2—3
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器图 号4M8(52).63-00制 造 编 号E11-130产 品 编 号E11-130工 作 压 力0.44MPa工 作 温 度40 ℃介 质CO容 器 类 别二类容 积0.317m3设 计 压 力0.52MPa设 计 温 度100 ℃焊 缝 系 数1.0主 体 材 料Q345R 腐 蚀 裕 度1.5 mm设 计 单 位沈阳鼓风机集团压力容器有限公司制 造 标 准GB150—1998 存在问题：
无
处理结果：
无审核： 年 月 日 编制： 年 月 日
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图
辽B2 - 4
共 页 第 页
编号：
产 品 名 称换热器图 号YT091201-10-1产 品 编 号PTL10—34制 造 编 号PTL10—34圆筒
H W E W E E H E
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植—切割—组对—卷筒—检查—焊接—检查—校圆—RT探伤 H E
封头
H W E W E 组对—检查—焊接—检查 —RT探伤
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植—切割—热压成型—检查—坡口加工
H E 开孔划线
检查
法兰
H W E W E W
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植—机加工—检查—标记移植--- E E
—组对—检查—焊接—检查—
接管
H W E W
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植 —切割
补强圈
H.W.E W
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植 —切割——压弧——攻丝
裙座
E E
—材料确认—划线 —检尺—标记移植—切割—卷筒—组对—检查—焊接—检查—校圆——组对—检查—焊接—检查—
组对
检查
焊接
H.W.E
出厂—喷漆—压力验试验 检验
审核： 年 月 日 编制： 年 月 日
试 板 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号Q345R制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8(52).63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
容器
检查科
外协铆工
铆工
焊工
检查员
无损检测
理化
下料
切割
组对
焊接
检查
RT探伤
理化
1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.组对，点固焊。
5.在短节延长部位与短节一起连续施焊，按焊接工艺规程执行。
6.外观检查。
7.外协进行无损检测，RT探伤比例按委托单执行。
8.外协进行理化试验，SA2试板还需与管箱一起进行热处理。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
封 头 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号16MnR制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
外协
检查科
容器铆工
火焊
外协
检查员
火焊
下料
切割
成型
检查
切割
1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.热压成型。
5.用旋长等于封头内径的内样板检查封头内表面的形状偏差其最大间隙不得大于10mm，检查时应使样板垂直于待测表面，检测封头厚度，看是否在规定的范围内。
6.齐边。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
筒 体 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号16MnR制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
容器
检查科
容器
检查科
容器
外协
铆工
火焊
铆工
检查员
焊工
检查员
铆工
无损检测
下料
切割
滚圆
检查
焊接
检查
校圆
RT探伤1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.滚圆，组对
5.检查，对口错边量b≤3，棱角度E≤3.2。
6.焊接，按焊接工艺规程执行，焊缝上的熔渣和两侧的飞溅物必须清除。
7.外观检查，焊缝表面不得有裂纹，未熔合、表面气孔，弧坑、未填满和肉眼可见的缺陷
8.校圆。用自制样板进行检查，圆度应不大于8mm，自制样板
9.外协进行RT探伤，探伤比例按委托单执行。
审核： 2008年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
管板 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号Q345R制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
机加
检查科
铆工
火焊
车工
划钻
检查员
下料
切割
加工
加工
检查
1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.按图纸要求尺寸进行加工。
5.划线，钻孔。
6.按图纸要求进行检查，合格后进行标记移植。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
法兰、接管 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
技术
外协
检查科
机加
检查科
计划
外协
检查员
车工
划钻
检查员
计划
采购
检查
加工
划钻
检查
1.按图纸规定的材质、规格、尺寸、数量提出计划。
2.按所提计划进行锻件采购。
3.检查所购锻件的材质、规格、尺寸、数量是否符合要求。
4.按图纸要求尺寸进行加工。
5.按图纸要求进行划线、钻孔。
6.按图纸要求进行检查，合格后进行标记移植。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
折流板 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
检查科
铆工
火焊
划钻
火焊
检查员
下料
切割
划钻
切割
检查1. 首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2. 根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割，
4.按图纸要求的尺寸进行划线、钻孔。
5.外形加工。
6.对照图纸进行尺寸、数量检查。
审核： 2008年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
换热管、定距管 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号20制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
容器
检查科
铆工
切割
焊工
检查员
下料
切割
除锈
检查1. 首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2. 根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割，
4.对换热管两端进行除锈，确保焊后质量。
5.按图纸要求进行尺寸及数量检查。
审核： 年 月 日 编制： 年 月 日
支座、拉杆 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8容器
检查科铆工
切割
铆工
划钻
铆工
焊工
钳工
检查员下料
切割
压弧
划钻
组对
焊接
套扣
检查1. 首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2. 根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割，需采用半自动切割机切割。
4.对支座垫板进行压弧，其弧度要与圆筒弧度一致。
5.支座底板螺栓孔划线，钻孔，尺寸按图纸的规定。
6.按图纸的规格进行组对并检查。
7.焊接，按焊接工艺规程执行。
8.拉杆两端按图纸规格套扣。
9.规格、形状、尺寸、数量检查。审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
法兰、接管组对 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
检查科铆工
切割
铆工
焊工
检查员
下料
切割
组对
焊接
检查
1.首先对所领接管的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.开坡口。
5.检查法兰加工是否符合图纸要求，合格进行组对。
6.焊接，按焊接工艺规程执行。
7.外观检查。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
整 体 组 装 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量1材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时容器
铆工
组装
1.首先要检查密封尺寸是否符合图纸要求，螺栓长短是否合适，检查垫片和两侧密封面是否干净、光滑，无任何划痕等缺陷，确认密封面尺寸无误，干净光滑无缺陷后方可组装。
2.组装时垫片要放平，紧固螺栓要对角进行，严禁沿周向顺序紧固。
审核： 2008年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
水压试验 喷漆 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8(52).62-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
容器
打压工液压试验1.检查试压泵等试压设备是否处于完好状态，处于完好状态方可使用，同时检查各连接部位及试压管路应密封良好。
2.准备2块相同的压力表，其量程在0～2Mpa之间，表盘直径不小于100mm,精度不低于1.5级，且在有效检定期内。
3.向容器内注水，水温为目前环境温度即可，顶部放排气孔，滞留在容器内的气体必须排净，容器外表面保持干燥。
4.当确认容器内充满水后，紧固所有连接螺栓，不得少装螺栓，待壁温与水温接近时，缓慢开压至0.72Mpa，保持30min,然后将压力将至0.576 Mpa，保持足够长时间，以便对全部焊接接头和连接部位进行检查，整个试验过程保持容器表面的干燥。
5.盘管试压，缓慢升至0.72 Mpa，保压30min，然后将至0.576 Mpa，保持足够长时间，以便对盘管各处及接头的检查，确认无渗漏后，搽干水迹。审核： 2011年02月20日 编制： 2011年02月20日
水压试验 喷漆 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8(52).62-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
容器
打压工液压试验6.若有泄漏应泄压后修补，并重新试验，不得带压紧固螺栓，也不许用连续加压的办法保持压力不变。
7.试压过程中，容器无渗漏，无异常声响，无可见异常变形为合格。
8.水压试验结束后，排净容器内所有集水，使容器表面保持干燥。
9.喷二遍防锈漆。审核： 2011年02月20日 编制： 2011年02月20日
人教版小学数学概念及公式大全
人教版小学数学概念及公式大全
PAGE / NUMPAGES
人教版小学数学概念及公式大全
【考试必备】小学数学概念及公式大全（完整版）
概 念
1、加法交换律：两数相加交换加数的位置，和不变。
2、加法结合律：三个数相加，先把前两个数相加，或先把后两个数相加，再同第三个数相加，和不变。
3、乘法交换律：两数相乘，交换因数的位置，积不变。
4、乘法结合律：三个数相乘，先把前两个数相乘，或先把后两个数相乘，再和第三个数相乘，它们的积不变。
5、乘法分配律：两个数的和同一个数相乘，可以把两个加数分别同这个数相乘，再把两个积相加，结果不变。如：（2+4）×5＝2×5+4×5
6、除法的性质：在除法里，被除数和除数同时扩大（或缩小）相同的倍数，商不变。 O除以任何不是O的数都得O。
简便乘法：被乘数、乘数末尾有O的乘法，可以先把O前面的相乘，零不参加运算，有几个零都落下，添在积的末尾。
7、么叫等式？等号左边的数值与等号右边的数值相等的式子叫做等式。
等式的基本性质：等式两边同时乘以（或除以）一个相同的数，等式仍然成立。
8、什么叫方程式？答：含有未知数的等式叫方程式。
9、 什么叫一元一次方程式？答：含有一个未知数，并且未知数的次数是一次的等式叫做一元一次方程式。学会一元一次方程式的例法及计算。即例出代有χ的算式并计算。
10、分数：把单位“1”平均分成若干份，表示这样的一份或几分的数,叫做分数。
11、分数的加减法则：同分母的分数相加减，只把分子相加减，分母不变。异分母的分数相加减，先通分，然后再加减。
12、分数大小的比较：同分母的分数相比较，分子大的大，分子小的小。异分母的分数相比较，先通分然后再比较；若分子相同，分母大的反而小。
13、分数乘整数，用分数的分子和整数相乘的积作分子，分母不变。
14、分数乘分数，用分子相乘的积作分子，分母相乘的积作为分母。
15、分数除以整数（0除外），等于分数乘以这个整数的倒数。
16、真分数：分子比分母小的分数叫做真分数。
17、假分数：分子比分母大或者分子和分母相等的分数叫做假分数。假分数大于或等于1。
18、带分数：把假分数写成整数和真分数的形式，叫做带分数。
19、分数的基本性质：分数的分子和分母同时乘以或除以同一个数（0除外），分数的大小不变。
20、一个数除以分数，等于这个数乘以分数的倒数。
21、甲数除以乙数（0除外），等于甲数乘以乙数的倒数。
分数的加、减法则：同分母的分数相加减，只把分子相加减，分母不变。异分母的分数相加减，先通分，然后再加减。
分数的乘法则：用分子的积做分子，用分母的积做分母。
22、什么叫比：两个数相除就叫做两个数的比。如：2÷5或3:6或1/3，比的前项和后项同时乘以或除以一个相同的数（0除外），比值不变。
23、什么叫比例：表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例。如3:6＝9:18
24、比例的基本性质：在比例里，两外项之积等于两内项之积。
25、解比例：求比例中的未知项，叫做解比例。如3:χ＝9:18
26、正比例：两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着化，如果这两种量中相对应的的比值（也就是商k）一定，这两种量就叫做成正比例的量，它们的关系就叫做正比例关系。如：y/x=k( k一定)或kx=y
27、反比例：两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定，这两种量就叫做成反比例的量，它们的关系就叫做反比例关系。 如：x×y = k( k一定)或k / x = y
28、百分数：表示一个数是另一个数的百分之几的数，叫做百分数。百分数也叫做百分率或百分比。
29、把小数化成百分数，只要把小数点向右移动两位，同时在后面添上百分号。其实，把小数化成百分数，只要把这个小数乘以100％就行了。
30、把百分数化成小数，只要把百分号去掉，同时把小数点向左移动两位。
31、把分数化成百分数，通常先把分数化成小数（除不尽时，通常保留三位小数），再把小数化成百分数。其实，把分数化成百分数，要先把分数化成小数后，再乘以100％就行了。
32、把百分数化成分数，先把百分数改写成分数，能约分的要约成最简分数。
33、要学会把小数化成分数和把分数化成小数的化发。
34、最大公约数：几个数都能被同一个数一次性整除，这个数就叫做这几个数的最大公约数。（或几个数公有的约数，叫做这几个数的公约数。其中最大的一个，叫做最大公约数。）
35、互质数：公约数只有1的两个数，叫做互质数。
36、最小公倍数：几个数公有的倍数，叫做这几个数的公倍数，其中最小的一个叫做这几个数的最小公倍数。
37、通分：把异分母分数的分别化成和原来分数相等的同分母的分数，叫做通分。（通分用最小公倍数）
38、约分：把一个分数化成同它相等，但分子、分母都比较小的分数，叫做约分。（约分用最大公约数）
39、最简分数：分子、分母是互质数的分数，叫做最简分数。
40、分数计算到最后，得数必须化成最简分数。
41、个位上是0、2、4、6、8的数，都能被2整除，即能用2进行
42、约分。个位上是0或者5的数，都能被5整除，即能用5进行约分。在约分时应注意利用。
43、偶数和奇数：能被2整除的数叫做偶数。不能被2整除的数叫做奇数。
44、质数（素数）：一个数，如果只有1和它本身两个约数，这样的数叫做质数（或素数）。
45、合数：一个数，如果除了1和它本身还有别的约数，这样的数叫做合数。1不是质数，也不是合数。
46、利息＝本金×利率×时间（时间一般以年或月为单位，应与利率的单位相对应）
47、利率：利息与本金的比值叫做利率。一年的利息与本金的比值叫做年利率。一月的利息与本金的比值叫做月利率。
48、自然数：用来表示物体个数的整数，叫做自然数。0也是自然数。
49、循环小数：一个小数，从小数部分的某一位起，一个数字或几个数字依次不断的重复出现，这样的小数叫做循环小数。如3. 141414
50、不循环小数：一个小数，从小数部分起，没有一个数字或几个数字依次不断的重复出现，这样的小数叫做不循环小数。如圆周率：3. 141592654
51、无限不循环小数：一个小数，从小数部分起到无限位数，没有一个数字或几个数字依次不断的重复出现，这样的小数叫做无限不循环小数。如3. 141592654……
52、什么叫代数 代数就是用字母代替数。
53、什么叫代数式 用字母表示的式子叫做代数式。如：3x =ab+c
关系表达式
1、每份数×份数＝总数总数÷每份数＝份数总数÷份数＝每份数
2、 1倍数×倍数＝几倍数几倍数÷1倍数＝倍数几倍数÷倍数＝1倍数 3、速度×时间＝路程路程÷速度＝时间路程÷时间＝速度
4、单价×数量＝总价总价÷单价＝数量总价÷数量＝单价
5、工作效率×工作时间＝工作总量工作总量÷工作效率＝工作时间工作总量÷工作时间＝工作效率
6、加数＋加数＝和和－一个加数＝另一个加数
7、被减数－减数＝差被减数－差＝减数差＋减数＝被减数
8、因数×因数＝积积÷一个因数＝另一个因数
9、被除数÷除数＝商被除数÷商＝除数商×除数＝被除数
总数÷总份数＝平均数
和差问题的公式
(和＋差)÷2＝大数
(和－差)÷2＝小数
和倍问题
和÷(倍数－1)＝小数
小数×倍数＝大数
(或者和－小数＝大数)
差倍问题
差÷(倍数－1)＝小数
小数×倍数＝大数
(或小数＋差＝大数)
植树问题
1 非封闭线路上的植树问题主要可分为以下三种情形:
⑴如果在非封闭线路的两端都要植树,那么:
株数＝段数＋1＝全长÷株距－1
全长＝株距×(株数－1)
株距＝全长÷(株数－1)
⑵如果在非封闭线路的一端要植树,另一端不要植树,那么:
株数＝段数＝全长÷株距
全长＝株距×株数
株距＝全长÷株数
⑶如果在非封闭线路的两端都不要植树,那么:
株数＝段数－1＝全长÷株距－1
全长＝株距×(株数＋1)
株距＝全长÷(株数＋1)
2 封闭线路上的植树问题的数量关系如下
株数＝段数＝全长÷株距
全长＝株距×株数
株距＝全长÷株数
盈亏问题
(盈＋亏)÷两次分配量之差＝参加分配的份数
(大盈－小盈)÷两次分配量之差＝参加分配的份数
(大亏－小亏)÷两次分配量之差＝参加分配的份数
相遇问题
相遇路程＝速度和×相遇时间
相遇时间＝相遇路程÷速度和
速度和＝相遇路程÷相遇时间
追及问题
追及距离＝速度差×追及时间
追及时间＝追及距离÷速度差
速度差＝追及距离÷追及时间
流水问题
顺流速度＝静水速度＋水流速度
逆流速度＝静水速度－水流速度
静水速度＝(顺流速度＋逆流速度)÷2
水流速度＝(顺流速度－逆流速度)÷2
浓度问题
溶质的重量＋溶剂的重量＝溶液的重量
溶质的重量÷溶液的重量×100%＝浓度
溶液的重量×浓度＝溶质的重量
溶质的重量÷浓度＝溶液的重量
利润与折扣问题
利润＝售出价－成本
利润率＝利润÷成本×100%＝(售出价÷成本－1)×100%
涨跌金额＝本金×涨跌百分比
折扣＝实际售价÷原售价×100%(折扣＜1)
利息＝本金×利率×时间
税后利息＝本金×利率×时间×(1－20%)
单位间进率
1公里＝1千米 1千米＝1000 米
1米＝10分米 1分米＝10厘米 1厘米＝10毫米
1平方米＝100平方分米 1平方分米＝100平方厘米 1平方厘米＝100平方毫米
1立方米＝1000立方分米 1立方分米＝1000立方厘米 1立方厘米＝1000立方毫米
1吨＝1000千克 1千克= 1000克= 1公斤= 1市斤
1公顷＝10000平方米 1亩＝666.666平方米
1升＝1立方分米＝1000毫升 1毫升＝1立方厘米
面积单位换算
1平方千米=100公顷
1公顷=10000平方米
1平方米=100平方分米
1平方分米=100平方厘米
1平方厘米=100平方毫米
体(容)积单位换算
1立方米=1000立方分米
1立方分米=1000立方厘米
1立方分米=1升
1立方厘米=1毫升
1立方米=1000升
重量单位换算
1吨=1000 千克
1千克=1000克
1千克=1公斤
人民币单位换算
1元=10角
1角=10分
1元=100分
时间单位换算
1世纪=100年 1年=12月
大月(31天)有:1\3\5\7\8\10\12月
小月(30天)的有:4\6\9\11月
平年2月28天, 闰年2月29天
平年全年365天, 闰年全年366天
1日=24小时 1时=60分
1分=60秒 1时=3600秒
几何形体周长面积体积计算公式
1、长方形的周长=（长+宽）×2 C=(a+b)×2
2、正方形的周长=边长×4 C=4a
3、长方形的面积=长×宽 S=ab
4、正方形的面积=边长×边长 S=a.a= a
5、三角形的面积=底×高÷2 S=ah÷2
6、平行四边形的面积=底×高 S=ah
7、梯形的面积=（上底+下底）×高÷2 S=（a＋b）h÷2
8、直径=半径×2 d=2r 半径=直径÷2 r= d÷2
9、圆的周长=圆周率×直径=圆周率×半径×2 c=πd =2πr
10、圆的面积=圆周率×半径×半径
11、长方体的表面积＝（长×宽＋长×高＋宽×高） ×2 公式：S=（a×b+a×c+b×c）×2
12、长方体的体积＝长×宽×高公式：V = abh
13、正方体的表面积＝棱长×棱长×6 公式： S=6a2
14、长方体（或正方体）的体积＝底面积×高公式：V = abh
15、正方体的体积＝棱长×棱长×棱长公式：V = a3
16、圆柱的表（侧）面积：圆柱的表（侧）面积等于底面的周长乘高。公式：S=ch=πdh＝2πrh
17、圆柱的表面积：圆柱的表面积等于底面的周长乘高再加上两头的圆的面积。公式：S=ch+2s=ch+2πr2
18、圆柱的体积：圆柱的体积等于底面积乘高。公式：V=Sh
19、圆锥的体积＝1/3底面×积高。公式：V=1/3Sh
《窗》(钱钟书)教案
《窗》(钱钟书)教案
PAGE / NUMPAGES
《窗》(钱钟书)教案
《窗》（钱钟书）教案
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
［教学对象分析］
《窗》是（广东版）普通高中课程标准实验教科书（必修2）的第三单元的一篇议论散文，这类文章高一学生在初中时没有接触过，初中时学生只是对叙事散文和抒情散文有初步的了解，对议论散文的特点不是很了解，加上本文是钱钟书先生所写，语言虽不是很晦涩，但文中所蕴含的意义理解起来还是有一定的难度的，所以应给学生讲清议论散文特点，帮助学生学会感受和鉴赏阅读优秀作品，思考和领悟大自然中的普通事物所蕴涵的深刻哲理，陶冶性情，追求高尚情趣，提高道德修养。
［教学内容分析］
本单元为散文单元，先要把的散文的概念要弄清，学习本文，要注重从景中悟理，在理中染景，仔细体会景理交融的艺术特点。
在本文中，钱钟书先生由“春天”入笔，写“春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的”，道出“窗”的作用，总领全文。接着在第二段对比了门和窗对于人的不同意义，自然引出“窗打通了大自然和人的隔膜” 这一中心论点。在第三段中进一步谈“窗”之余人的意义是人对自然的精神上的胜利。最后总结全文，用 “窗可算是房屋的眼睛” 这一形象的比喻，道出窗对于屋内与屋外人的意义。最后一句“因为只是春天，还留着残冷，窗子也不能镇天镇夜不关的” 完美地照应了开头。全文语言深邃，引经据典，旁征博引，饱涵哲理，读起来愈咀嚼愈觉得满口余香，意味深长。
［教学方法］
感受·鉴赏 ·思考·领悟
［教学目标］
1.知识和能力目标：欣赏课文精彩的语言，引导学生体会课文的深刻的思想和哲理。学凡中见深意的观察方法和思想方法。
2.过程和方法目标：反复朗读，提高诵读水平，感受文章的优美语言。
阅读作品，品味语言，感受其思想、艺术魅力，发展想像力和审美力。
3.情感态度和价值观目标： 学习议论散文应以自我的情感体验、观察理解为基础，书写个人的见解和感受的方法。学会从新的角度、用新的眼光去观察事物、思考问题，从熟悉的事物和现象中去发现新颖的东西，体会出不一样的情感，得出不一般的认识。
［教学重点和难点］
1. 理解作者在对比门和窗之于人的不同意义时所阐发的独到见解。
2. 比较阅读。使学生体会对于同一事物，可以从不同的角度去看和感受，从而得出不同的认识。
3. 掌握议论散文的特点，领悟鉴赏议论散文的方法。
［教学过程］
说明：因本文的重点在鉴赏和领悟，所以本教学设计侧重在教学思路的引导上，而不体现具体的课堂教学过程细节，拟用两课时完成本文的教学。
一．课前准备：学生初读课文，感受全文，理清文章脉络，搜集钱钟书先生的有关资料。（上新课前检查并补充有关知识）
1.散文的知识：一般来说，广义的散文包括叙事散文、议论（哲理）散文和抒情散文等，狭义的散文只指抒情散文。议论性散文具有抒情性、形象性和哲理性的特点，它给读者一种富于理性的形象和情感，从而提供一个广阔的思索和联想的空间。它往往蕴含深邃的哲理，熔情感、哲理、形象于一炉。
2.钱钟书先生资料参考：钱钟书(1910----1998)字默存，号槐聚。江苏无锡人。1933年于清华大学外国语文系毕业后，在上海光华大学任教。1935年与杨绛结婚，同赴英国留学。1937年毕业于英国牛津大学，获副博士学位。又赴法国巴黎大学进修法国文学。1938年秋归国，先后任昆明西南联大外文系教授、湖南蓝田国立师范学院英文系主任。1941年回家探亲时，因沦陷而羁居上海，写了长篇小说《围城》、短篇小说集《人·兽·鬼》、散文集《写在人生边上》、文论《谈艺录》。1953年后，在北京大学文学研究所任研究员。著有文论《管锥编》，对中国著名的经史子古籍进行考释，并从中西文化和文学的比较上阐发、辨析。
3.文章脉络见教学内容分析。
二. 默读课文，学生质疑问难，老师帮助学生鉴赏反映行文线索、集中体现作者感悟句子的含义，体会作者对生活的思考。
1. 第一自然段：“春天从窗外进来，人在屋里坐不住，就从门里出去。不过屋子外的春天太贱了！” “太贱了”具体指什么？为什么要这样说？
明确：“太贱了”是指阳光太多；风懒洋洋的，没有生气；鸟语琐碎而单薄。这样说的好处是表意准确，用语新颖传神，且为下文揭示窗的作用和意义作好了铺垫 。
2. 第一自然段： 作者为什么说“春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的”呢？为什么又用“画配了框子”来作比喻呢？
明确：因为作者认为屋外的春天太贱了，只有通过窗子的取舍，把室外又杂又乱的景物舍掉，去粗取精，阳光看起来才明亮，风才觉得有生气，鸟语听起来才更动人。
3.第二自然段：“门和窗有不同的意义”、“门许我们追求，表示欲望，窗子许我们占领，表示享受。”
明确：门，打开的是人的世俗社会；窗打开的是人的精神世界，通向人的精神世界存在。
4.第三自然段：“窗比门代表更高的人类进化阶段。” “门是住屋子者的需要,窗多少是一种奢侈。“
明确：门满足了人的物质需要，窗子满足了人的精神需要。
5. 第四自然段：“窗可以算房屋的眼睛。”
明确：眼睛是灵魂的窗户，我们看见外界，同时也让人看到了我们的内心。
6. 第四自然段：“《晚歌》起句所谓‘双瞳如小窗，佳景收历历。’同样地只说了一半。”句中的“一半”具体指什么，另“一半”具体指什么？
明确：“一半”指窗和眼睛一样都可以看到外面，另“一半”指窗也和眼睛一样，从外面也可以看到里面的东西。
三、诵读课文，体会本文语言的特点。
1. 语言精炼。
示例：“太贱了”具体指阳光太多；风懒洋洋的，没有生气；鸟语琐碎而单薄。表意准确,新颖传神，为下文揭示窗的作用和意义作好了铺垫。
“镶嵌”逼真生动地揭示了春天和窗子的关系。
延伸：“山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。” 《济南的冬天》.
2.语言的哲理性。
示例：门许我们追求，表示欲望，窗子许我们占领，表示享受。门是住屋子者的需要，窗多少是一种奢侈。
3.语言的幽默性。
示例：“一个外来者，打门请进，有所要求，有所询问，他至多是个客人，一切要等主人来决定。反过来说，一个钻窗子进来的人，不管是偷东西还是偷情，早已决心来替你做个暂时的主人，顾不到你的欢迎和拒绝了。”
4.语言多用修辞。
对比：门许我们追求，表示欲望；窗子许我们占领，表示享受。
引用：①陶渊明的诗《归去来辞》 “倚南窗以寄傲，审容膝之易安。” “夏月虚闲，高卧北窗之下，清风飒至，自谓羲皇上人。” ②缪塞（Musset）在《少女做的是什么梦》那首诗剧里，有句妙语，略谓父亲开了门，请进了物质上的丈夫（matérielépoux），但是理想的爱人（idéal），总是从窗子出进的。③刘熙译名说：“窗，聪也；于内窥外，为聪明也。”正和凯罗（GottfriedKeller）《晚歌》（Abendlied）起
北师大版七年级数学下册第一章第六节《完全平方公式》说课 课件
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片
一、教材：
红细胞是中间在一个“亮点”的，为什么？因为成熟的红细胞的没有细胞核的，中间薄，周沿厚的两面凹的圆饼状的结构，在显微镜下看，中间的透光度大，而周沿的相对小，所以红细胞是中间在一个“亮点”的。白细胞是有细胞核的，而细胞一般的装片里，是被染成蓝色的，所以我们在显微镜下在细胞里蓝点的是白细胞，因为血小板又是没有细胞核的，而血小板的形状不一。
二、教法：熟练使用显微镜，找到要观察到的细胞。
三、学生：
学生已经掌握了显微镜的使用方法，但本实验对显微镜的使用提出了较高的要求，教师应该注意引导学生仔细调好显微镜。 四、实验前的准备： 人血的永久涂片，显微镜 。 五、实验内容：用显微镜观察人血细胞涂片。
六、实验目的 认识红细胞和白细胞。
七、实验重点：认识红细胞和白细胞
实验难点：认识红细胞和白细胞
八、教学方法：实验法。
九、实验仪器和用品：人血的永久涂片，显微镜。
十、实验过程：
把人血的永久涂片，放在低倍显微镜下进行观察，并对照彩图四，认识红细胞。白细胞，比较它们的形态和数量。 十一、实验小结： 人体内的红细胞，白细胞和血小板，可由红骨髓内的细胞演变而来；也可由脾脏和淋巴结负责制造。 血细胞也有一定的寿命，红细胞的平均寿命约120天，白细胞寿命不等，约13天，血小板的平均寿命是7天。由于白细胞和血小板的寿命短，所以在血库中贮存的血液基本上 只有红细胞。在4℃，加一定的保护剂的条件下，也只能保存6～7周。而需要补充白细胞和血小板时，则要给病人输新鲜的血。
十二、作业：探究实验报告单。
新概念英语第三册摘要写作答案
新概念英语第三册摘要写作答案
PAGE / NUMPAGES
新概念英语第三册摘要写作答案
新概念英语第三册摘要写作范文示例
Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
The reports received by London Zoo that a puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London were similar in nature. A woman picking blackberries saw it first, but the puma moved from place to place,leaving a trail of dead deer and small animals. Paw prints and puma fur were found as well. ‘Cat-like noises’were heard at night and the animal was seen up a tree. Now experts were convinced that the animal really was a puma. (79 words)
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
At one o'clock in the morning, the church clock striking the hours woke the vicar up as it struck thirteen times. The vicar went into the clock tower, taking a torch with him. He saw Bill Wilkins, the local grocer there and Bill explained he was trying to repair the clock but hadn't succeeded because at one o'clock it struck thirteen times. However, the vicar was pleased the bell was working and offered the grocer a cap of tea. (79 words)
Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神
Archaeologists found clay fragments in an ancient temple. These represented the fifteen statues of goddesses which had once been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains from the fifteenth century B.C. while its head was found among remains from the fifth century B.C. When the Unit 1 Lesson 3 fragments were reconstructed, they turned out to be a goddess which stood three feet high. Her hands rested on her hips and she was wearing a full-length skirt. Her identity is unknown. (80 words)
Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs 阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
When he got married, Alfred Bloggs told his wife he worked for the Corporation. Though he dressed in a smart black suit every morning, he changed into overalls at work and spent the day working as a dustman. Then he took a shower and changed back into his suit at night. This lasted for two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. His wife will never learn the truth because her husband will be an office worker in future. (80 words )
Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字
Though the journalist immediately set out to get the facts after receiving instructions from his editor, he did not send them at once. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, so he sent three faxes, finally threatening to fire the journalist. When the last fax was unanswered, the article was published in its original form. The journalist sent the editor a fax a week later explaining he had been imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall. (80 words)
Lesson 6 Smash-and grab 砸橱窗抢劫
A large car entered an arcade near Piccadilly and stopped outside a jeweller's. Two thieves got out and smashed the shop window. The owner of the shop was upstairs at the time, so he threw furniture at thethieves hitting one of them with a heavy statue. The raid lasted only three minutes and the thieves drove away. Running after them, the owner threw ashtrays and vases, but the thieves got away, stealing thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
(79 words)
Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
John Butlin runs a successful furniture business and after a very good day, he put his wallet containing ￡3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and his fianc6e, Jane, went horse-riding, after which Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven only to find to their dismay that the money had been destroyed. John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains to the Mutilated Ladies department who identified the remains and returned the money. (79 words)
Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院
The St. Bernard's Pass is visited by thousands of people in summer, who cross the Pass in cars. Because there are so many people about, the dogs are kept in a special enclosure. As the temperature in winter falls to -30°, there are few visitors, so the monks prefer this season. The dogs are also free to wander outside their enclosure. Parties of young skiers regularly visit the monastery in winter, during Christmas and Easter when they are warmly welcomed.(80 words )
Lesson 9 Flying cats 飞猫
The New York Animal Medical Centre recently made a study of 132 cats. All these cats had one thing in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight had died from shock or injuries. One cat,Sabrina, had fallen 32 storeys but only suffered from a broken tooth. When falling at speeds up to 60 miles per hour, cats stretch out their legs which increases their air－resistance and reduces the shock of impact on hitting the ground. (79 words)
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没
The Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic when an iceberg was spotted by a lookout. After the alarm was given, the ship turned sharply and sailed alongside it. Suddenly, a faint noise was heard from below, so the captain went down to investigate, only to find that five of the sixteen compartments had been flooded. On hearing the order to abandon ship, people jumped overboard, but 1,500 drowned because there were not enough lifeboats. (79 words)
Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
Though the writer had nothing to declare, the Customs Officer made him unlock his case. Searching the case carefully, the Officer found a small bottle, which he thought was perfume. The writer told the Customs Officer that it was hair gel, which he had made himself. As the Officer did not believe this, the writer encouraged him to try it. The unpleasant smell convinced him the writer was telling the truth, so he let him pass through Customs. (70 words)
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活
As the two men's boat was damaged, they were taking it to Miami when on the way it began to sink. After loading a rubber dinghy with food, matches and beer, the two men rowed a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There they collected rainwater in the dinghy and caught fish and lobster with a spear gun. For five days, they‘ate like kings’ until they were rescued by a passing tanker. (80 words)
Lesson 13 ‘It’s only me’ “是我，别害怕”
Mrs. Richards had dressed up as a ghost and was just going into the dining room when there was a knock on the door. Thinking it was the baker, she hid in the storeroom under the stairs. She heard footsteps in the hall and then the man from the Electricity Board opened the storeroom door. Though she said ‘It's only me’, he got a bad fright. When she walked towards him, he fled, slamming the front door behind him. (79 words )
Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
After Sir John Hawkwood settled near Florence six hundred years ago, he hired soldiers to the princes of city-states in times of war. In times of peace he threatened to destroy a city-state unless protection money was paid. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. Sir John was eighty when he died and the Florentines not only gave him a state funeral but had a picture painted of him, dedicated to his memory. (79 words)
Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦
George was going to the sweet shop when he lost fifty pence down a drain. After removing his jacket, he put his arm through the drain cover. He couldn't find his money and couldn't get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter. She failed to free him, but two firemen succeeded with a special type of grease. The sweet shop owner presented George with a large box of chocolates. (80 words )
Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头小羔羊
When Dimitri came home, Mary told him that her white lamb had been stolen. On learning that his neighbour, Aleko, had acquired a lamb, Dimitri went to Aleko's house and accused him of stealing it. When Aleko showed his lamb, Dimitri saw it was black, so he apologized. After staying in Aleko's house for a while because it had begun to rain, Dimitri got a surprise outside when he found the lamb was almost white. It had been dyed black! (80 words)
Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长的吊桥
The Verrazano Bridge, which joins Brooklyn to Staten Island, has a span of 4,260 feet. Its two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on platforms made of steel and concrete, extending over 100 feet under the sea and rising nearly 700 feet above the surface of the water. The bridge is suspended from four huge cables, each of which contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It is not only very strong, but simple and elegant as well. (80 words)
Lesson 18 Electric currents in modern art 现代艺术中的电流
On entering the art gallery, the writer saw a notice which forbade people to touch the exhibits because they were dangerous. The exhibition consisted of pieces of moving sculpture.Against a wall, the writer saw long thin wires attached to metal spheres which attracted and repelled each other. In the centre of the hall were tall structures containing coloured lights which went on and off. Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off. (79 words)
Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一只贵重的宝贝猫
Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter three days after her cat's disappearance.The writer of the letter demaded ￡1,000 for the return of the cat,and warned she would never see him again if she went to the police.She had to put the money in a cardboard box and leave it outside her door. After drawing ￡1,000 from her band,she acted on the kidnapper's instructions.The money disappeared the following morning,and Rastus returned at seven o'clock that evening. (80 words)
Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
Bleriot and Latham arrived in Calais on July 21st, 1909. Though it looked as if there would be a race on July 25th, Latham didn't take part, because he didn't get up early enough. After making a short test flight,Bleriot crossed the Channel in thirty-seven minutes. A policeman greeted him when he arrived in Dover.Latham got within half a mile of Dover the following week, having to land on the sea a second time because his engine failed. (80 words)
Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔 门多萨
When the two men quarrelled, they settled the argument by a fight. This took place at Stilton. It lasted an hour and Humphries won. When they met again, Mendoza lost again, but in their third match in 1790,Mendoza finally beat Humphries to become Champion of England. He founded a successful boxing Academy and earned a lot of money, but was so extravagant he was always in debt. He was finally sent to prison and died in poverty in 1836. (80 words)
Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
The aristocrat was sitting in his cell when the gaoler entered and handed him the letter----a blank sheet of paper. The aristocrat looked at it, squinted and said: ‘The light is dim. Read me the letter.’ He handed the letter back to the gaoler, who said: ‘The light is indeed dim. I'll get my glasses.’ He left the stage and returned with a pair of glasses and the real letter, which he read to the prisoner. (79 words)
Lesson 23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison 各有所爱
The writer collected several dozen snails, put them in a paper bag and took them to Robert who was delighted to see him, and pleased with the snails. The writer left the bag in the hall and he and Robert went into the living room and talked for a couple of hours. He had forgotten the snails until Robert invited him to dinner, and he followed Robert into the hall to find snails everywhere. They had escaped from the bag.
Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”
The writer started to unpack and put his shirts and underclothes into drawers and then decided to hang a suit in the cupboard. He opened the cupboard and stood petrified: there, dangling in front of him, was a skeleton. It was swaying and ready to leap out at him. He dropped his suit and dashed downstairs to tell George. George was unsympathetic and told the writer it was Sebastian, a skeleton he had when he was a medical student. (79 words)
Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂萨克”号帆船
The Thermopylae reached Java first, but the Cutty Sark took the lead on the Indian Ocean. When the Cutty Sark was struck by a storm, her rudder was torn away. A temporary rudder was made and fitted, but the ship lost the lead. After crossing the Equator, they called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted.
Even with a new rudder, the Cutty Sark arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae, which was 500 miles ahead. (80 words)
Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 征购大饼干筒
A biscuit company asked its customers to bake biscuits and send them to the factory. As a prize, they offered ＄10 a pound for the biggest biscuit they received. The response was tremendous, with one biscuit weighing 500 pounds and another weighing 713 pounds. They thought that was the winner until a lorry delivered one which weighed 2,400 pounds baked by a college student. A crane lifted it from the lorry and the manufacturers paid the student ＄24,000.
(80 words)
Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不买
Unlike beggars, real tramps have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. Although they seek independence, they will not sacrifice their human dignity. They choose their own way of life and are aware of the consequences. They may not know where the next meal is coming from, but they do not have the worries that others have. They can travel easily because they have few possessions and when they sleep in the open, they are close to nature. (79 words)
Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑太贵
The next man who approached him was selling watches and pens, and when the writer looked at one, it looked genuine. The man said it was worth ￡50 but the writer could have it for ￡30. The writer offered him ￡5 and waited. Eventually, as the writer was walking away, the man agreed and took ￡5. The writer was very pleased----until he was back on board. The pen was impossible to fill. It has never written a word since. (80 words)
Lesson 29 Funny or not 是否可笑？
A man broke his right leg just before Christmas and was taken to hospital. He wanted to know when he could go home. On Christmas Day he was still in hospital with his leg in plaster, but there was a good chance of leaving hospital for the New Year. In fact, he was out in time to go to a New Year's Eve party where he drank too much, slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg. (80 words)
Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死
Eric joined the army during the Second World War, but hated army life, so he deserted. He returned to the farm where his father hid him until the end of the war, and he remained in hiding after the war. His father told everyone that he had been killed in action. Joe and Bob kept the secret, so Eric lived as a recluse. He slept during the day and worked at night, so he became the ‘ghost of Endley’.(79 words)
Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人
Dickie had been caught in a heavy shower when he walked into an expensive shop. He wanted a ￡300 watch for his wife, but he was so bedraggled the assistant refused to serve him. He left the shop and returned with a heavy cloth bag which he dumped on the counter. Dickie asked for the manager. When he was given the watch, he gave the assistant the bag which contained ￡300 in pennies, which the assistant had to count. (80 words)
Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船
The chest containing the personal belongings of Alan Fielding told them a lot, and there were other items of interest. A heavy gun proved the ship was a cruiser. Another chest belonging to a ship's officer contained an unfinished letter dated March 14th, 1943, from which they learnt the ship's name. The most valuable find was the ship's log book, which told them the Karen had been sailing in convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.(80 words )
Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
When the driver behind braked, his wife was thrown forward and the large cake on her lap flew through the windscreen and landed on the road. A lorry had to pull up suddenly and hundreds of empty beer bottles slid off onto the road. The traffic piled up so that it took the police an hour to get it on the move again. The lorry driver swept up the glass and two stray dogs ate the remains of the cake.(80 words )
Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
While visiting an antique shop one Saturday, Frank was about to leave when he saw a large packing case. He asked the dealer to open it but the contents were disappointing until he lifted some crockery and noticed a miniature painting at the bottom. He had already decided to buy it when the dealer told him it was ￡50. Frank was excited because this was a real discovery. The painting was an unknown masterpiece worth hundreds of thousands of pounds. (80 words)
Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
A girl in the jewellery store heard muffled cries coming from behind a wall. When she heard the cry again, she went and told the manager who rang the fire brigade. When they arrived, the fire fighters found the right chimney by tapping the walls and listening. They chipped through a thick wall and found the man who could not move because the chimney was so narrow. They finally freed him by cutting a large hole in the wall. (79 words )
Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇
Hans had been wounded towards the end of the war, taken to hospital and separated from his unit. When the hospital had been bombed, he had returned to West Germany on foot. Meantime, his unit had been lost and all records of him destroyed. He returned to the family home to find the house bombed. Assuming all his family were dead, he settled in a village 50 miles away where he had lived until he met Franz and his wife. (80 words)
Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
When many local people boarded the train with the writer, he was not surprised. Nor was he surprised when the train stopped at Widley. But when it stopped at each station, he began to wonder why it was going so slowly. Finally, when the train reached Westhaven, the writer spoke to the station master who denied the existence of an express. They argued and the writer was shown this timetable footnote, which said:‘ This service has been suspended.’(79 words)
Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
Historians have long been puzzled by prehistoric markings on walls, bones and tusks. The people who made the markings were nomads during the last Ice Age. Finally historians have managed to read this difficult code and realized that they depict the passing of the days and phases of the moon. They are in fact a primitive calendar. There is a connection between the pictures of hunting scenes and the markings with them. (71 words )
Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
When the boulders disappeared, there was a wide plain covered with clumps of bushes. Ahead was a huge fissure and Bruce stopped. We examined it and found it was fifty yards long, two feet wide and four feet deep. Without thinking, Bruce raced the car along it and then we were back on the plain. The village was 15 miles away and the next obstacle was a very wide shallow pool. Bruce charged in and stopped in the middle. (79 words)
Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨
When a policeman arrived, he asked the workmen to go away. Later four more policemen arrived. The workmen still refused to stop and the police threatened to confiscate their pneumatic drill. One workman then threatened to call the police, which was silly because they were already under arrest. When another workman asked to make a telephone call, a policeman accompanied him to a phone. The workman actually rang the police and they realized they had been victims of a hoax. (80 words )
Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
You never have to travel miles to see friends because they live nearby. Nor do you have to worry about catching the last train home after the theatre. The latest exhibitions, films and plays are all a bus ride away. Shopping is a pleasure, too. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. The city can be beautiful and peaceful, too ---- beautiful with the glow of neon advertisements, and peaceful at weekends. (79 words )
Lesson 42 Modern cavemen 现代洞穴人
On entering a narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down and reached a narrow corridor. They edged their way along and came to a waterfall which dropped to an underground lake. They plunged into the lake in special rubber suits and let the current take them to the other side. On squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, they discovered an enormous cavern where they saw massive stalagmites and stalactites. All they could hear was water dripping from above. (80 words)
Lesson 43 Fully insured 全保险
The divers found the dish, but it was difficult to haul out of the water. The sides were so smooth it was almost impossible to attach chains to it Eventually chains were attached and they pulled the dish to the canal bank on a winch. Unfortunately it overbalanced and slid back. They then fixed clamps to both sides and fastened chains to lift it vertically. With a winch they hauled the dish above the surface and on to dry land. (80 words)
Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适
Nothing matches a plane for speed and comfort. An aeroplane reaches its destination rapidly. You travel in complete comfort, often watching a film or sipping champagne. You have a breathtaking view of the world and you can really appreciate the landscape. When you are above the clouds, the sight of cloud plains is extraordinary. The journey is so smooth that it is easy to read or sleep, and you always arrive fresh and uncrumpled at the end of the flight. (80 words )
Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力
Immediately the news got out, a plane arrived with reporters and photographers. The family's rise to fame was swift and soon the media had told the whole country. Newspapers and magazines offered huge sums of money for exclusive rights to the story, while gifts poured in from baby products manufacturers. 'The family's old farmhouse was replaced by a new home, while lawyers were employed as spokesmen. The parents paid the price for fame: they would never again lead normal lives. (80 words)
Lesson 46 Do it yourself 自己动手
The author looked at his machine and reckoned that only a minor adjustment was needed. After adjusting a few things, the mower still refused to work, so he dismantled it and traced the cause of the trouble: there was a broken link in the drive chain. After buying a new chain and reassembling the mower, it still did not work. However, he was not really surprised because there were bits left that did not fit anywhere ---- so he gave up. (80 words)
Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价太高
Noise constantly invades our daily lives. According to a recent survey, the worst noise is dogs barking at night, although the noise of lawn mowers, late-night parties, noisy neighbours, vehicles, planes and helicopters and large radios all adds. While the use of mobile phones in public places, it seems, is annoying, the survey revealed that one ‘old-fashioned’ source of noise is snoring, with men the worst offenders: only a small percentage of women snore, but they suffer most.(80 words)
Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄
The village contained one street and looked forbidding. Apart from a goat, it seemed deserted, so they sat down and had a picnic. Looking up, they suddenly found themselves surrounded by children in rags. The children were silent and motionless. As they walked down the street followed by the children, the village came alive with faces in windows and people watching them silently from doorways. The visitors were clearly unwelcome. They hurried back down to the stream and the boatman.
Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人
On her return with a party of guests, Aunt Harriet asked Bessie to prepare dinner. Not only was the meal below standard, Bessie could not walk steadily, and she bumped into furniture and mumbled at the guests. When she brought in the pudding, she tripped and the pudding crashed onto the dining table.While the guests were very amused, Aunt Harriet was horrified. She realized Bessie was drunk and dismissed her immediately. (72 words)
Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心
The writer exercised early in the morning for two days before anyone found out. When he sat at breakfast the second day, his condition betrayed him. His enthusiasm waned so that by January 10th, things were back to normal. However, he decided to keep his mind fresh for reading. He read on his own until one evening he went down and sat in front of the television, but he dozed off. He has now bought a book on speed reading! (80 words)
Lesson 51 Predicting the future 预测未来
According to Bagrit, computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, and they would be able to provide information about traffic jams and suggest alternative routes. They would be used to help doctors diagnose illnesses, and in business would relieve office workers of dull, repetitive work. However, he failed to predict the use of the Internet as a vehicle of communication or a source of information. But as predicted, computers have become smaller, more powerful and cheaper. (79 words )
Lesson 52 Mud is mud 实事求是
The assistant promised to order the‘ Myrolite ’Harry bad already asked for, so he then said he wantedperfumed mud. This time her eyes lit up and she immediately fetched several bottles which she put onthe counter. Harry picked up the smallest bottle, and when he learned the price ( ￡20 ), he paid and leftwith the bottle under his arm. This curious bottle, now in his study, was his first and last purchase of rarecosmetics. (77 words)
Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益
On receiving a complaint from a foreigner about police ill - treatment, the Ombudsman wrote to the Chiefof Police asking for a record of the case. As there was no official record and the Chief denied theaccusation, no action was possible. But When there was another similar complaint, the Ombudsman senta lawyer to investigate. He ascertained the truth of the accusations, the policeman was severelyreprimanded and warned that if there were further complaints he would be prosecuted. (80 words)
Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness 是本能还是机智
The writer saw thousands of ants crawling up his peach tree. Then he noticed the leaves of the tree were withering and found there were aphids under the leaves. They were being visited by the ants. In an effort to stop them, he bound the base of the tree with sticky tape and of course they couldn't cross it. By the next morning, however, they had solved the problem: they were climbing onto the leaves from the house wall.
Lesson 55 From the earth: Greetings 来自地球的问候
Finding life on other planets with earth based telescopes is impossible because of the heat of our planet and the dust particles throughout the solar System. A telescope would need to be as far away as Jupiter. Even then, the problem will be how to blot out the light from a planet's sun to study it. The most likely forms of life will be plants and bacteria. Even the discovery of lowly life forms would change our view of ourselves. (80 words)
Lesson 57 Back in the old country 重返故里
In the place of the village there was only a lake. Had he taken the wrong turning He went back to town and retraced his route, only to finish up at the same spot. The lake was not marked. When a man on horse back appeared, the author asked the way tothe old village. The horseman told him there was no village and pointed to the lake: it had been submerged with the whole valley under a man-made reservoir. (80 words)
Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点儿小麻烦
The old lady and the potter went through the flat, careful not to touch anything. Later, a police inspector looked for fingerprints while a constable checked the front door locks. There were no fingerprints, but the inspector found a bundle of jewellery suggesting this was not the burglars' first job that day. The inspector asked the lady to check what was missing and advised her not to stay in the flat. Eventually she rang her daughter to ask for help. (80 words)
Lesson 59 Collecting 收藏
Collecting provides hours of relaxation for looking at your treasures is a joy. If you have a collection at home, why go out There is always something to do, from finding the right place for the latest addition to verifying facts in reference books. Collecting is educational, too, and through meeting people, increases your circle of friends. The hobby can lead to travel, national and international. You may become an authority on the subject and be asked to give talks. (80 words)
Lesson 60 Too early and too late 太早和太晚
The girl entered the railway station twenty minutes early, but the porter said she was two hours too soon.
When she showed him the details of the journey, he agreed it was correct, but said it was a mail train, not a passenger train. When she demanded to see a timetable, the station master came and pointed out that the train only stopped for mail. The train came in but the girl was still not allowed to get on. (79 words )
中班诗歌教案《家》
中班诗歌教案《家》
PAGE / NUMPAGES
中班诗歌教案《家》
活动目标：
1、通过说说、看看、听听理解诗歌内容，感受诗歌优美的意境。
2、学习仿编诗歌，尝试用多种方式表现自己对诗歌的理解。
3、愿意参与诗歌听赏活动，在同伴面前大胆表达。
活动准备：
家的背景图；白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友的贴绒；各种动物头饰。
活动过程：
一、观察背景图，熟悉诗歌内容。
1、利用背景图导入，学习诗歌的规范词汇。
师：今天老师带来了一幅美丽的图画，我们一起来看看图画上有些什么？
（出示背景图）师：请小朋友来说一说，你看到了什么？
幼1：我看到了（天空）。
师：看到了什么样的（天空）？
幼1：我看到了（蓝蓝的天空）。
师：你还看到了什么？
幼2：我还看到了…………..
2、以师点幼读的形式，帮助幼儿进一步熟悉诗歌中的主要词汇。
师：老师觉得加上了这些好听的词语，这幅画更漂亮了，我们一起来学一学。
（蓝蓝的天空、密密的树林、绿绿的草地、青青的河水、红红的花朵、快乐的幼儿园）师：接下来，老师想和小朋友们玩个游戏，老师指到哪个你们就要马上说出来，可以吗？
3、猜测诗歌具体内容师：刚才，我们说的蓝蓝的天空、密密的树林、绿绿的草地、青青的河水、红红的花朵、快乐的幼儿园可都是一个个家呢？那么，它们都是谁的家呢？老师请来了很多小客人，看看它们是谁？
（出示白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友）4、给贴绒动物找家师：现在要请小朋友来给这些小客人找家，一边找一边要说出谁是谁的家。
（幼儿操作）二、完整倾听、朗诵诗歌师：小客人都找到了家，它们好开心啊，老师告诉你们把这里所有的"家"连起来就是一首好听的诗歌了，我们一起来听一听。
（师配乐念诗歌）师：这首诗歌非常好听，我们一起来学一学吧。
（幼儿和老师念诗歌）师：老师发现~~~念的特别好，我知道他也在为小客人们高兴呢，我们一起再来一遍，读的时候要连贯、整齐。
（第二遍念诗歌）师：老师发现叮当猫队的小朋友读得最好了，我们一起来听听他们是怎么读的。
（小组形式念诗歌）师：老师相信我们中四班其他小朋友也能读得和他们一样棒，我们一起再来一遍，读的时候要有感情，是高兴的，还要连贯，整齐。
（第4遍念诗歌）师：这首诗歌还可以配上好听的音乐呢，那我们试着配上音乐再来一遍吧。
二、结合诗歌原有模式进行仿编师：中四班的小朋友都非常的聪明，那接下来，老师要考考你们了，"蓝蓝的天空还会是谁的家呢？"（拿掉白云，请幼儿回答）师：那密密的树林还是谁的家呢？
（拿掉小鸟，请幼儿回答）师：绿绿的草地还是谁的家呢？
（拿掉小羊，请幼儿回答）师：青青的河水、红红的花朵、快乐的幼儿园还是谁的家呢？请小朋友们先自己想一想，也可以和旁边的好朋友讨论一下。
（请幼儿回答）…….
师：真棒，小朋友们都很聪明，又编出了一首新的诗歌，我们一起看着图片来学一学。
三、延伸活动师：等一下，小朋友们可以选择一种自己喜欢的形式再来仿编新的诗歌。
蓝蓝的天空是白云的家，密密的树林是小鸟的家，绿绿的草地是小羊的家，清清的河水是小鱼的家，红红的花儿是蝴蝶的家，快乐的幼儿园是小朋友的家诗歌分析：
《家》这首诗歌结构工整而统一，语言优美而不乏生动，它以拟人化的形式，描绘出了自然界万物之间亲密的联系，这首诗歌的模式，也易于孩子们在生活中进行再创编活动。根据本班幼儿在语言方面的发展水平，我做了一些前期经验准备，而且本次活动运用到的教具：白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶和小朋友，都是很贴近幼儿生活的东西，所以我选择了这个很适合中班幼儿进行欣赏学习和仿编的内容。
、
活动目标：
1、幼儿理解诗歌内容，感受诗歌的画面美和语言美。
2、尝试仿编诗歌，培养幼儿的想象力、创造力。
3、热爱地球，培养幼儿环保意识。
活动准备：
1、画有蓝天、树林、草地、河水、花儿、幼儿园大幅背景图。
2、制作好的白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友贴绒学具。
3、小卡片人手一份、根据内容制作的头饰若干。
活动过程：
一、分组活动，利用卡片创编诗歌。
1、今天老师给小朋友带来了很多漂亮的小卡片，因为小卡片它们出去玩，给迷路了，找不到自己的家了，所以老师把它们带来，请小朋友帮小卡片找家，看看它们的家在哪里？好不好？（幼儿操作给卡片配对找家--规则：请小朋友从绿色盘子里拿一样，看看拿的是什么？再从白色盘子里去给它找家，找到的小朋友把手举起来。）
2、幼儿配对好后，师：刚才我们都帮小卡片找到了家，小朋友们真棒！下面我们要用"什么是什么的家"说一句话。（示范：比如：蓝蓝的天空是白云的家。）引导幼儿根据自己配对好的卡片，用同样的句型跟旁边的小朋友说一说。（2分钟左右）
3、师：刚才老师听到有些小朋友说得真好，现在我要请这几个小朋友把卡片带上来说给大家听，其他小朋友把卡片放回盘子，回到位子上坐好。幼儿集中，6个幼儿按诗歌内容排好，提问：你拿到了什么？按什么是什么的家说一句话。其他小朋友跟念两遍。
二、出示挂图，引导幼儿理解诗歌内容。
1、现在，老师要把刚才小朋友们说出来的句子，组编成一首好听的诗歌叫--家。（播放音乐，老师有感情地朗诵诗歌）
2、出示背景图，幼儿学习诗歌。
幼儿学习诗歌，跟念2-3遍。
师：为什么小羊喜欢住在绿绿的草地啊？为什么小鱼住在河水里呢？。。。（幼儿答）
师：小朋友们说得都很对，动物出生的地方、喜欢去玩耍的地方、有它喜欢的食物的地方，都能让它快乐，让它有家的感觉！
3、小朋友们你们现在都会了吗？跟着老师用最好听的声音、最美的动作把诗歌的内容表现出来。
三、培养幼儿发散性思维，引导幼儿仿编诗歌。
1、师：蓝蓝的天空除了可以是白云的家，还可以是谁的家呀？
师：说的很好！小朋友们我们一起来说说：蓝蓝的天空是太阳的家。。。
师：那密密的树林除了小鸟的家，还可以是谁的家？
师：好的那我们来一起说说，密密的树林是蝴蝶的家，密密的树林是兔子的家。。。
师：绿绿的草地除了是小羊的家还可以是谁的家呀？
师：对了，绿绿的草地是小牛的家。。。
师：那清清的河水除了小鱼的家，还有谁的家呢？（做鸭子的动作）
师：清清的河水是小鸭的家。。。
师：红红的花儿和快乐的幼儿园又是谁的家呢？（蜜蜂、老师）
师：小朋友们，真厉害呀，都会自己编诗歌，学了这首好听的诗歌后，我们知道了，每一种动物、植物和我们都有自己的家。而且世界上所有的动物、植物和人类，都有一个共同的家，小朋友们想一想，这个家是什么呢？
师：对，就是我们赖以生存的地球。所以我们要热爱自己的家，保护好地球，不能去破坏它。老师也编了一句诗，放在这首诗的最后：美丽的地球是我们共同的家，我们大家要爱护它！（幼儿跟念2遍）
2、现在就用我们最好听！最响亮的声音最后来一次，表达我们对地球妈妈的爱！
四、游戏：《找家》
下面请小朋友来玩找家的游戏。（幼儿出来扮演什么站好了，老师说明游戏规则并示范）
玩法：每组分别请三个小朋友围成圈来扮演天空、树林、草地、花儿，六个小朋友来扮演白云、小鸟、小羊、小鱼、蝴蝶、小朋友，并蹲在地上，等音乐一停，就赶紧去找自己的家。如果没有找到家的，说明它的家不在这里，要等下一个游戏再找，以此类推。
小结：根据游戏结果，对找错家或没找到家的幼儿进行点评。分析为什么找错家或没找到家。
五、活动延伸
师：小朋友们，我们今天学会编是诗歌了，真棒！那晚上回家也可以和爸爸妈妈一起编更多的诗歌哦！
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图例子
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图例子
PAGE / NUMPAGES
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图例子
辽 C2 - 0
共 页 第 页
编号：
压 力 容 器 产 品 工 艺 文 件
产品名称 冷却器
图 号 4M8(52).63-00
容器类别 二 类
制造编号 E11-130
产品编号 E11-130
编制： 2011 年 3 月 8 日 审核： 2011 年 月 8 日压 力 容 器 工 艺 文 件 目 次 表
辽C 2 - 1
共 页 第 页
序号工 艺 文 件 名 称表、卡编号份 数共 页备注 1压力容器产品工艺文件辽C2-012压力容器工艺文件目次表辽C2-113压力容器图样、技术文件发放记录辽C2-214压力容器图样设计、工艺性审查记录辽A2-315压力容器工艺流程图辽B2-426压力容器壳体排板图辽B2-527 工艺过程卡辽B2-6.178 工艺过程卡（续页）辽B2-6.2—9热处理工艺卡辽B2-7—10成型工艺卡辽B2-8—11锻造工艺卡辽B2-9—12压力容器材料工艺消耗定额明细表辽C2-10—13压力容器外购件明细表辽C2-11—14技术联系单辽C2-12—15压力容器工艺装备验证卡辽C2-14—
压力容器图样、技术文件发放记录
辽C 2—2
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器图 号4M8(52).63-00产 品 编 号E11-130制 造 编 号E11-130容 器 类 别二类设 计 单 位沈阳鼓风机集团压力容器有限公司订 货 单 位台 数一台序
号图 样 及 技 术 文 件 发 放 明 细 表资 料 回 收备 注名 称分 发 单 位 及 部 门图 样表 卡领取人日 期回收
数量日 期经办人份张份张年 月 日年 月 日1装配图容器车间 质检科22邸洪宾
邸春红2011.3.122零件图容器车间 质检科22邸洪宾
邸春红2011.3.12
压力容器图样设计、工艺性审查记录
辽A 2—3
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器图 号4M8(52).63-00制 造 编 号E11-130产 品 编 号E11-130工 作 压 力0.44MPa工 作 温 度40 ℃介 质CO容 器 类 别二类容 积0.317m3设 计 压 力0.52MPa设 计 温 度100 ℃焊 缝 系 数1.0主 体 材 料Q345R 腐 蚀 裕 度1.5 mm设 计 单 位沈阳鼓风机集团压力容器有限公司制 造 标 准GB150—1998 存在问题：
无
处理结果：
无审核： 年 月 日 编制： 年 月 日
压 力 容 器 工 艺 流 程 图
辽B2 - 4
共 页 第 页
编号：
产 品 名 称换热器图 号YT091201-10-1产 品 编 号PTL10—34制 造 编 号PTL10—34圆筒
H W E W E E H E
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植—切割—组对—卷筒—检查—焊接—检查—校圆—RT探伤 H E
封头
H W E W E 组对—检查—焊接—检查 —RT探伤
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植—切割—热压成型—检查—坡口加工
H E 开孔划线
检查
法兰
H W E W E W
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植—机加工—检查—标记移植--- E E
—组对—检查—焊接—检查—
接管
H W E W
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植 —切割
补强圈
H.W.E W
—材料确认—划线—检尺—标记移植 —切割——压弧——攻丝
裙座
E E
—材料确认—划线 —检尺—标记移植—切割—卷筒—组对—检查—焊接—检查—校圆——组对—检查—焊接—检查—
组对
检查
焊接
H.W.E
出厂—喷漆—压力验试验 检验
审核： 年 月 日 编制： 年 月 日
试 板 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号Q345R制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8(52).63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
容器
检查科
外协铆工
铆工
焊工
检查员
无损检测
理化
下料
切割
组对
焊接
检查
RT探伤
理化
1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.组对，点固焊。
5.在短节延长部位与短节一起连续施焊，按焊接工艺规程执行。
6.外观检查。
7.外协进行无损检测，RT探伤比例按委托单执行。
8.外协进行理化试验，SA2试板还需与管箱一起进行热处理。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
封 头 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号16MnR制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
外协
检查科
容器铆工
火焊
外协
检查员
火焊
下料
切割
成型
检查
切割
1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.热压成型。
5.用旋长等于封头内径的内样板检查封头内表面的形状偏差其最大间隙不得大于10mm，检查时应使样板垂直于待测表面，检测封头厚度，看是否在规定的范围内。
6.齐边。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
筒 体 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号16MnR制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
容器
检查科
容器
检查科
容器
外协
铆工
火焊
铆工
检查员
焊工
检查员
铆工
无损检测
下料
切割
滚圆
检查
焊接
检查
校圆
RT探伤1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.滚圆，组对
5.检查，对口错边量b≤3，棱角度E≤3.2。
6.焊接，按焊接工艺规程执行，焊缝上的熔渣和两侧的飞溅物必须清除。
7.外观检查，焊缝表面不得有裂纹，未熔合、表面气孔，弧坑、未填满和肉眼可见的缺陷
8.校圆。用自制样板进行检查，圆度应不大于8mm，自制样板
9.外协进行RT探伤，探伤比例按委托单执行。
审核： 2008年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
管板 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号Q345R制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
机加
检查科
铆工
火焊
车工
划钻
检查员
下料
切割
加工
加工
检查
1.首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.按图纸要求尺寸进行加工。
5.划线，钻孔。
6.按图纸要求进行检查，合格后进行标记移植。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
法兰、接管 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
技术
外协
检查科
机加
检查科
计划
外协
检查员
车工
划钻
检查员
计划
采购
检查
加工
划钻
检查
1.按图纸规定的材质、规格、尺寸、数量提出计划。
2.按所提计划进行锻件采购。
3.检查所购锻件的材质、规格、尺寸、数量是否符合要求。
4.按图纸要求尺寸进行加工。
5.按图纸要求进行划线、钻孔。
6.按图纸要求进行检查，合格后进行标记移植。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
折流板 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
检查科
铆工
火焊
划钻
火焊
检查员
下料
切割
划钻
切割
检查1. 首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2. 根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割，
4.按图纸要求的尺寸进行划线、钻孔。
5.外形加工。
6.对照图纸进行尺寸、数量检查。
审核： 2008年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
换热管、定距管 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号20制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
容器
检查科
铆工
切割
焊工
检查员
下料
切割
除锈
检查1. 首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2. 根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割，
4.对换热管两端进行除锈，确保焊后质量。
5.按图纸要求进行尺寸及数量检查。
审核： 年 月 日 编制： 年 月 日
支座、拉杆 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8容器
检查科铆工
切割
铆工
划钻
铆工
焊工
钳工
检查员下料
切割
压弧
划钻
组对
焊接
套扣
检查1. 首先对所领材料的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2. 根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割，需采用半自动切割机切割。
4.对支座垫板进行压弧，其弧度要与圆筒弧度一致。
5.支座底板螺栓孔划线，钻孔，尺寸按图纸的规定。
6.按图纸的规格进行组对并检查。
7.焊接，按焊接工艺规程执行。
8.拉杆两端按图纸规格套扣。
9.规格、形状、尺寸、数量检查。审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
法兰、接管组对 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
2
3
4
5
容器
检查科铆工
切割
铆工
焊工
检查员
下料
切割
组对
焊接
检查
1.首先对所领接管的材质、规格进行确认，无误后凭领料单领料。
2.根据图纸尺寸进行划线，检查无误后进行标记移植。
3.按线切割。
4.开坡口。
5.检查法兰加工是否符合图纸要求，合格进行组对。
6.焊接，按焊接工艺规程执行。
7.外观检查。
审核： 2008 年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
整 体 组 装 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8（52）.63-00数 量1材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时容器
铆工
组装
1.首先要检查密封尺寸是否符合图纸要求，螺栓长短是否合适，检查垫片和两侧密封面是否干净、光滑，无任何划痕等缺陷，确认密封面尺寸无误，干净光滑无缺陷后方可组装。
2.组装时垫片要放平，紧固螺栓要对角进行，严禁沿周向顺序紧固。
审核： 2008年 月 日 编制： 2008 年 月 日
水压试验 喷漆 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8(52).62-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
容器
打压工液压试验1.检查试压泵等试压设备是否处于完好状态，处于完好状态方可使用，同时检查各连接部位及试压管路应密封良好。
2.准备2块相同的压力表，其量程在0～2Mpa之间，表盘直径不小于100mm,精度不低于1.5级，且在有效检定期内。
3.向容器内注水，水温为目前环境温度即可，顶部放排气孔，滞留在容器内的气体必须排净，容器外表面保持干燥。
4.当确认容器内充满水后，紧固所有连接螺栓，不得少装螺栓，待壁温与水温接近时，缓慢开压至0.72Mpa，保持30min,然后将压力将至0.576 Mpa，保持足够长时间，以便对全部焊接接头和连接部位进行检查，整个试验过程保持容器表面的干燥。
5.盘管试压，缓慢升至0.72 Mpa，保压30min，然后将至0.576 Mpa，保持足够长时间，以便对盘管各处及接头的检查，确认无渗漏后，搽干水迹。审核： 2011年02月20日 编制： 2011年02月20日
水压试验 喷漆 工艺过程卡
辽B2-6.1
编号： 共 页第 页
产 品 名 称冷却器零（部）件件号材 料 牌 号制 造 编 号E11-130图 号4M8(52).62-00数 量材 料 规 格产 品 编 号E11-130序号车间工种或
设 备工 序工 艺 内 容 及 技 术 要 求单件工时1
容器
打压工液压试验6.若有泄漏应泄压后修补，并重新试验，不得带压紧固螺栓，也不许用连续加压的办法保持压力不变。
7.试压过程中，容器无渗漏，无异常声响，无可见异常变形为合格。
8.水压试验结束后，排净容器内所有集水，使容器表面保持干燥。
9.喷二遍防锈漆。审核： 2011年02月20日 编制： 2011年02月20日
人教版小学数学概念及公式大全
人教版小学数学概念及公式大全
PAGE / NUMPAGES
人教版小学数学概念及公式大全
【考试必备】小学数学概念及公式大全（完整版）
概 念
1、加法交换律：两数相加交换加数的位置，和不变。
2、加法结合律：三个数相加，先把前两个数相加，或先把后两个数相加，再同第三个数相加，和不变。
3、乘法交换律：两数相乘，交换因数的位置，积不变。
4、乘法结合律：三个数相乘，先把前两个数相乘，或先把后两个数相乘，再和第三个数相乘，它们的积不变。
5、乘法分配律：两个数的和同一个数相乘，可以把两个加数分别同这个数相乘，再把两个积相加，结果不变。如：（2+4）×5＝2×5+4×5
6、除法的性质：在除法里，被除数和除数同时扩大（或缩小）相同的倍数，商不变。 O除以任何不是O的数都得O。
简便乘法：被乘数、乘数末尾有O的乘法，可以先把O前面的相乘，零不参加运算，有几个零都落下，添在积的末尾。
7、么叫等式？等号左边的数值与等号右边的数值相等的式子叫做等式。
等式的基本性质：等式两边同时乘以（或除以）一个相同的数，等式仍然成立。
8、什么叫方程式？答：含有未知数的等式叫方程式。
9、 什么叫一元一次方程式？答：含有一个未知数，并且未知数的次数是一次的等式叫做一元一次方程式。学会一元一次方程式的例法及计算。即例出代有χ的算式并计算。
10、分数：把单位“1”平均分成若干份，表示这样的一份或几分的数,叫做分数。
11、分数的加减法则：同分母的分数相加减，只把分子相加减，分母不变。异分母的分数相加减，先通分，然后再加减。
12、分数大小的比较：同分母的分数相比较，分子大的大，分子小的小。异分母的分数相比较，先通分然后再比较；若分子相同，分母大的反而小。
13、分数乘整数，用分数的分子和整数相乘的积作分子，分母不变。
14、分数乘分数，用分子相乘的积作分子，分母相乘的积作为分母。
15、分数除以整数（0除外），等于分数乘以这个整数的倒数。
16、真分数：分子比分母小的分数叫做真分数。
17、假分数：分子比分母大或者分子和分母相等的分数叫做假分数。假分数大于或等于1。
18、带分数：把假分数写成整数和真分数的形式，叫做带分数。
19、分数的基本性质：分数的分子和分母同时乘以或除以同一个数（0除外），分数的大小不变。
20、一个数除以分数，等于这个数乘以分数的倒数。
21、甲数除以乙数（0除外），等于甲数乘以乙数的倒数。
分数的加、减法则：同分母的分数相加减，只把分子相加减，分母不变。异分母的分数相加减，先通分，然后再加减。
分数的乘法则：用分子的积做分子，用分母的积做分母。
22、什么叫比：两个数相除就叫做两个数的比。如：2÷5或3:6或1/3，比的前项和后项同时乘以或除以一个相同的数（0除外），比值不变。
23、什么叫比例：表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例。如3:6＝9:18
24、比例的基本性质：在比例里，两外项之积等于两内项之积。
25、解比例：求比例中的未知项，叫做解比例。如3:χ＝9:18
26、正比例：两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着化，如果这两种量中相对应的的比值（也就是商k）一定，这两种量就叫做成正比例的量，它们的关系就叫做正比例关系。如：y/x=k( k一定)或kx=y
27、反比例：两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定，这两种量就叫做成反比例的量，它们的关系就叫做反比例关系。 如：x×y = k( k一定)或k / x = y
28、百分数：表示一个数是另一个数的百分之几的数，叫做百分数。百分数也叫做百分率或百分比。
29、把小数化成百分数，只要把小数点向右移动两位，同时在后面添上百分号。其实，把小数化成百分数，只要把这个小数乘以100％就行了。
30、把百分数化成小数，只要把百分号去掉，同时把小数点向左移动两位。
31、把分数化成百分数，通常先把分数化成小数（除不尽时，通常保留三位小数），再把小数化成百分数。其实，把分数化成百分数，要先把分数化成小数后，再乘以100％就行了。
32、把百分数化成分数，先把百分数改写成分数，能约分的要约成最简分数。
33、要学会把小数化成分数和把分数化成小数的化发。
34、最大公约数：几个数都能被同一个数一次性整除，这个数就叫做这几个数的最大公约数。（或几个数公有的约数，叫做这几个数的公约数。其中最大的一个，叫做最大公约数。）
35、互质数：公约数只有1的两个数，叫做互质数。
36、最小公倍数：几个数公有的倍数，叫做这几个数的公倍数，其中最小的一个叫做这几个数的最小公倍数。
37、通分：把异分母分数的分别化成和原来分数相等的同分母的分数，叫做通分。（通分用最小公倍数）
38、约分：把一个分数化成同它相等，但分子、分母都比较小的分数，叫做约分。（约分用最大公约数）
39、最简分数：分子、分母是互质数的分数，叫做最简分数。
40、分数计算到最后，得数必须化成最简分数。
41、个位上是0、2、4、6、8的数，都能被2整除，即能用2进行
42、约分。个位上是0或者5的数，都能被5整除，即能用5进行约分。在约分时应注意利用。
43、偶数和奇数：能被2整除的数叫做偶数。不能被2整除的数叫做奇数。
44、质数（素数）：一个数，如果只有1和它本身两个约数，这样的数叫做质数（或素数）。
45、合数：一个数，如果除了1和它本身还有别的约数，这样的数叫做合数。1不是质数，也不是合数。
46、利息＝本金×利率×时间（时间一般以年或月为单位，应与利率的单位相对应）
47、利率：利息与本金的比值叫做利率。一年的利息与本金的比值叫做年利率。一月的利息与本金的比值叫做月利率。
48、自然数：用来表示物体个数的整数，叫做自然数。0也是自然数。
49、循环小数：一个小数，从小数部分的某一位起，一个数字或几个数字依次不断的重复出现，这样的小数叫做循环小数。如3. 141414
50、不循环小数：一个小数，从小数部分起，没有一个数字或几个数字依次不断的重复出现，这样的小数叫做不循环小数。如圆周率：3. 141592654
51、无限不循环小数：一个小数，从小数部分起到无限位数，没有一个数字或几个数字依次不断的重复出现，这样的小数叫做无限不循环小数。如3. 141592654……
52、什么叫代数 代数就是用字母代替数。
53、什么叫代数式 用字母表示的式子叫做代数式。如：3x =ab+c
关系表达式
1、每份数×份数＝总数总数÷每份数＝份数总数÷份数＝每份数
2、 1倍数×倍数＝几倍数几倍数÷1倍数＝倍数几倍数÷倍数＝1倍数 3、速度×时间＝路程路程÷速度＝时间路程÷时间＝速度
4、单价×数量＝总价总价÷单价＝数量总价÷数量＝单价
5、工作效率×工作时间＝工作总量工作总量÷工作效率＝工作时间工作总量÷工作时间＝工作效率
6、加数＋加数＝和和－一个加数＝另一个加数
7、被减数－减数＝差被减数－差＝减数差＋减数＝被减数
8、因数×因数＝积积÷一个因数＝另一个因数
9、被除数÷除数＝商被除数÷商＝除数商×除数＝被除数
总数÷总份数＝平均数
和差问题的公式
(和＋差)÷2＝大数
(和－差)÷2＝小数
和倍问题
和÷(倍数－1)＝小数
小数×倍数＝大数
(或者和－小数＝大数)
差倍问题
差÷(倍数－1)＝小数
小数×倍数＝大数
(或小数＋差＝大数)
植树问题
1 非封闭线路上的植树问题主要可分为以下三种情形:
⑴如果在非封闭线路的两端都要植树,那么:
株数＝段数＋1＝全长÷株距－1
全长＝株距×(株数－1)
株距＝全长÷(株数－1)
⑵如果在非封闭线路的一端要植树,另一端不要植树,那么:
株数＝段数＝全长÷株距
全长＝株距×株数
株距＝全长÷株数
⑶如果在非封闭线路的两端都不要植树,那么:
株数＝段数－1＝全长÷株距－1
全长＝株距×(株数＋1)
株距＝全长÷(株数＋1)
2 封闭线路上的植树问题的数量关系如下
株数＝段数＝全长÷株距
全长＝株距×株数
株距＝全长÷株数
盈亏问题
(盈＋亏)÷两次分配量之差＝参加分配的份数
(大盈－小盈)÷两次分配量之差＝参加分配的份数
(大亏－小亏)÷两次分配量之差＝参加分配的份数
相遇问题
相遇路程＝速度和×相遇时间
相遇时间＝相遇路程÷速度和
速度和＝相遇路程÷相遇时间
追及问题
追及距离＝速度差×追及时间
追及时间＝追及距离÷速度差
速度差＝追及距离÷追及时间
流水问题
顺流速度＝静水速度＋水流速度
逆流速度＝静水速度－水流速度
静水速度＝(顺流速度＋逆流速度)÷2
水流速度＝(顺流速度－逆流速度)÷2
浓度问题
溶质的重量＋溶剂的重量＝溶液的重量
溶质的重量÷溶液的重量×100%＝浓度
溶液的重量×浓度＝溶质的重量
溶质的重量÷浓度＝溶液的重量
利润与折扣问题
利润＝售出价－成本
利润率＝利润÷成本×100%＝(售出价÷成本－1)×100%
涨跌金额＝本金×涨跌百分比
折扣＝实际售价÷原售价×100%(折扣＜1)
利息＝本金×利率×时间
税后利息＝本金×利率×时间×(1－20%)
单位间进率
1公里＝1千米 1千米＝1000 米
1米＝10分米 1分米＝10厘米 1厘米＝10毫米
1平方米＝100平方分米 1平方分米＝100平方厘米 1平方厘米＝100平方毫米
1立方米＝1000立方分米 1立方分米＝1000立方厘米 1立方厘米＝1000立方毫米
1吨＝1000千克 1千克= 1000克= 1公斤= 1市斤
1公顷＝10000平方米 1亩＝666.666平方米
1升＝1立方分米＝1000毫升 1毫升＝1立方厘米
面积单位换算
1平方千米=100公顷
1公顷=10000平方米
1平方米=100平方分米
1平方分米=100平方厘米
1平方厘米=100平方毫米
体(容)积单位换算
1立方米=1000立方分米
1立方分米=1000立方厘米
1立方分米=1升
1立方厘米=1毫升
1立方米=1000升
重量单位换算
1吨=1000 千克
1千克=1000克
1千克=1公斤
人民币单位换算
1元=10角
1角=10分
1元=100分
时间单位换算
1世纪=100年 1年=12月
大月(31天)有:1\3\5\7\8\10\12月
小月(30天)的有:4\6\9\11月
平年2月28天, 闰年2月29天
平年全年365天, 闰年全年366天
1日=24小时 1时=60分
1分=60秒 1时=3600秒
几何形体周长面积体积计算公式
1、长方形的周长=（长+宽）×2 C=(a+b)×2
2、正方形的周长=边长×4 C=4a
3、长方形的面积=长×宽 S=ab
4、正方形的面积=边长×边长 S=a.a= a
5、三角形的面积=底×高÷2 S=ah÷2
6、平行四边形的面积=底×高 S=ah
7、梯形的面积=（上底+下底）×高÷2 S=（a＋b）h÷2
8、直径=半径×2 d=2r 半径=直径÷2 r= d÷2
9、圆的周长=圆周率×直径=圆周率×半径×2 c=πd =2πr
10、圆的面积=圆周率×半径×半径
11、长方体的表面积＝（长×宽＋长×高＋宽×高） ×2 公式：S=（a×b+a×c+b×c）×2
12、长方体的体积＝长×宽×高公式：V = abh
13、正方体的表面积＝棱长×棱长×6 公式： S=6a2
14、长方体（或正方体）的体积＝底面积×高公式：V = abh
15、正方体的体积＝棱长×棱长×棱长公式：V = a3
16、圆柱的表（侧）面积：圆柱的表（侧）面积等于底面的周长乘高。公式：S=ch=πdh＝2πrh
17、圆柱的表面积：圆柱的表面积等于底面的周长乘高再加上两头的圆的面积。公式：S=ch+2s=ch+2πr2
18、圆柱的体积：圆柱的体积等于底面积乘高。公式：V=Sh
19、圆锥的体积＝1/3底面×积高。公式：V=1/3Sh
《窗》(钱钟书)教案
《窗》(钱钟书)教案
PAGE / NUMPAGES
《窗》(钱钟书)教案
《窗》（钱钟书）教案
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
［教学对象分析］
《窗》是（广东版）普通高中课程标准实验教科书（必修2）的第三单元的一篇议论散文，这类文章高一学生在初中时没有接触过，初中时学生只是对叙事散文和抒情散文有初步的了解，对议论散文的特点不是很了解，加上本文是钱钟书先生所写，语言虽不是很晦涩，但文中所蕴含的意义理解起来还是有一定的难度的，所以应给学生讲清议论散文特点，帮助学生学会感受和鉴赏阅读优秀作品，思考和领悟大自然中的普通事物所蕴涵的深刻哲理，陶冶性情，追求高尚情趣，提高道德修养。
［教学内容分析］
本单元为散文单元，先要把的散文的概念要弄清，学习本文，要注重从景中悟理，在理中染景，仔细体会景理交融的艺术特点。
在本文中，钱钟书先生由“春天”入笔，写“春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的”，道出“窗”的作用，总领全文。接着在第二段对比了门和窗对于人的不同意义，自然引出“窗打通了大自然和人的隔膜” 这一中心论点。在第三段中进一步谈“窗”之余人的意义是人对自然的精神上的胜利。最后总结全文，用 “窗可算是房屋的眼睛” 这一形象的比喻，道出窗对于屋内与屋外人的意义。最后一句“因为只是春天，还留着残冷，窗子也不能镇天镇夜不关的” 完美地照应了开头。全文语言深邃，引经据典，旁征博引，饱涵哲理，读起来愈咀嚼愈觉得满口余香，意味深长。
［教学方法］
感受·鉴赏 ·思考·领悟
［教学目标］
1.知识和能力目标：欣赏课文精彩的语言，引导学生体会课文的深刻的思想和哲理。学凡中见深意的观察方法和思想方法。
2.过程和方法目标：反复朗读，提高诵读水平，感受文章的优美语言。
阅读作品，品味语言，感受其思想、艺术魅力，发展想像力和审美力。
3.情感态度和价值观目标： 学习议论散文应以自我的情感体验、观察理解为基础，书写个人的见解和感受的方法。学会从新的角度、用新的眼光去观察事物、思考问题，从熟悉的事物和现象中去发现新颖的东西，体会出不一样的情感，得出不一般的认识。
［教学重点和难点］
1. 理解作者在对比门和窗之于人的不同意义时所阐发的独到见解。
2. 比较阅读。使学生体会对于同一事物，可以从不同的角度去看和感受，从而得出不同的认识。
3. 掌握议论散文的特点，领悟鉴赏议论散文的方法。
［教学过程］
说明：因本文的重点在鉴赏和领悟，所以本教学设计侧重在教学思路的引导上，而不体现具体的课堂教学过程细节，拟用两课时完成本文的教学。
一．课前准备：学生初读课文，感受全文，理清文章脉络，搜集钱钟书先生的有关资料。（上新课前检查并补充有关知识）
1.散文的知识：一般来说，广义的散文包括叙事散文、议论（哲理）散文和抒情散文等，狭义的散文只指抒情散文。议论性散文具有抒情性、形象性和哲理性的特点，它给读者一种富于理性的形象和情感，从而提供一个广阔的思索和联想的空间。它往往蕴含深邃的哲理，熔情感、哲理、形象于一炉。
2.钱钟书先生资料参考：钱钟书(1910----1998)字默存，号槐聚。江苏无锡人。1933年于清华大学外国语文系毕业后，在上海光华大学任教。1935年与杨绛结婚，同赴英国留学。1937年毕业于英国牛津大学，获副博士学位。又赴法国巴黎大学进修法国文学。1938年秋归国，先后任昆明西南联大外文系教授、湖南蓝田国立师范学院英文系主任。1941年回家探亲时，因沦陷而羁居上海，写了长篇小说《围城》、短篇小说集《人·兽·鬼》、散文集《写在人生边上》、文论《谈艺录》。1953年后，在北京大学文学研究所任研究员。著有文论《管锥编》，对中国著名的经史子古籍进行考释，并从中西文化和文学的比较上阐发、辨析。
3.文章脉络见教学内容分析。
二. 默读课文，学生质疑问难，老师帮助学生鉴赏反映行文线索、集中体现作者感悟句子的含义，体会作者对生活的思考。
1. 第一自然段：“春天从窗外进来，人在屋里坐不住，就从门里出去。不过屋子外的春天太贱了！” “太贱了”具体指什么？为什么要这样说？
明确：“太贱了”是指阳光太多；风懒洋洋的，没有生气；鸟语琐碎而单薄。这样说的好处是表意准确，用语新颖传神，且为下文揭示窗的作用和意义作好了铺垫 。
2. 第一自然段： 作者为什么说“春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的”呢？为什么又用“画配了框子”来作比喻呢？
明确：因为作者认为屋外的春天太贱了，只有通过窗子的取舍，把室外又杂又乱的景物舍掉，去粗取精，阳光看起来才明亮，风才觉得有生气，鸟语听起来才更动人。
3.第二自然段：“门和窗有不同的意义”、“门许我们追求，表示欲望，窗子许我们占领，表示享受。”
明确：门，打开的是人的世俗社会；窗打开的是人的精神世界，通向人的精神世界存在。
4.第三自然段：“窗比门代表更高的人类进化阶段。” “门是住屋子者的需要,窗多少是一种奢侈。“
明确：门满足了人的物质需要，窗子满足了人的精神需要。
5. 第四自然段：“窗可以算房屋的眼睛。”
明确：眼睛是灵魂的窗户，我们看见外界，同时也让人看到了我们的内心。
6. 第四自然段：“《晚歌》起句所谓‘双瞳如小窗，佳景收历历。’同样地只说了一半。”句中的“一半”具体指什么，另“一半”具体指什么？
明确：“一半”指窗和眼睛一样都可以看到外面，另“一半”指窗也和眼睛一样，从外面也可以看到里面的东西。
三、诵读课文，体会本文语言的特点。
1. 语言精炼。
示例：“太贱了”具体指阳光太多；风懒洋洋的，没有生气；鸟语琐碎而单薄。表意准确,新颖传神，为下文揭示窗的作用和意义作好了铺垫。
“镶嵌”逼真生动地揭示了春天和窗子的关系。
延伸：“山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。” 《济南的冬天》.
2.语言的哲理性。
示例：门许我们追求，表示欲望，窗子许我们占领，表示享受。门是住屋子者的需要，窗多少是一种奢侈。
3.语言的幽默性。
示例：“一个外来者，打门请进，有所要求，有所询问，他至多是个客人，一切要等主人来决定。反过来说，一个钻窗子进来的人，不管是偷东西还是偷情，早已决心来替你做个暂时的主人，顾不到你的欢迎和拒绝了。”
4.语言多用修辞。
对比：门许我们追求，表示欲望；窗子许我们占领，表示享受。
引用：①陶渊明的诗《归去来辞》 “倚南窗以寄傲，审容膝之易安。” “夏月虚闲，高卧北窗之下，清风飒至，自谓羲皇上人。” ②缪塞（Musset）在《少女做的是什么梦》那首诗剧里，有句妙语，略谓父亲开了门，请进了物质上的丈夫（matérielépoux），但是理想的爱人（idéal），总是从窗子出进的。③刘熙译名说：“窗，聪也；于内窥外，为聪明也。”正和凯罗（GottfriedKeller）《晚歌》（Abendlied）起
同课章节目录
- 第一章 整式的乘除
- 1 同底数幂的乘法
- 2 幂的乘方与积的乘方
- 3 同底数幂的除法
- 4 整式的乘法
- 5 平方差公式
- 6 完全平方公式
- 7 整式的除法
- 第二章 相交线与平行线
- 1 两条直线的位置关系
- 2 探索直线平行的条件
- 3 平行线的性质
- 4 用尺规作角
- 第三章 变量之间的关系
- 1 用表格表示的变量间关系
- 2 用关系式表示的变量间关系
- 3 用图象表示的变量间关系
- 第四章 三角形
- 1 认识三角形
- 2 图形的全等
- 3 探索三角形全等的条件
- 4 用尺规作三角形
- 5 利用三角形全等测距离
- 第五章 生活中的轴对称
- 1 轴对称现象
- 2 探索轴对称的性质
- 3 简单的轴对称图形
- 4 利用轴对称进行设计
- 第六章 概率初步
- 1 感受可能性
- 2 频率的稳定性
- 3 等可能事件的概率