《火线100天》2015中考英语 基础语法：动词的分类

（八）动词的分类
01 命题趋势 考标导向化
近年来对动词的考查主要是动词的种类及各类 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词的基本区别，动词的基本变化形式，常见的动词的词义辨析及短语动词的辨析，其中，动词和短语动词的辨析以及动词的基本变化形式是考查的重点和热点。预计2015年动词考查的趋势将是：在具体的语言环境中考查基础动词及其短语动词的辨析。
02 定义 概念清晰化
动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
动词的种类
分类图解
类别 功能及用法 例子
行为动词 及物动词vt. 本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 可以接宾语 afford,buy,enjoy,keep
不及物动词vi. 不可以直接接宾语 arrive,cry,die,fall
连系动词 本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 be,smell,look,taste
助动词 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 do,does,will,shall
情态动词 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。 may, must,can, need
特例清单
1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如：
The baby is smiling at us.小孩正对着我们笑呢。
He died of hunger.他死于饥饿。
Please listen to the teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲课。
2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去，由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语。
◆能接以to引导的间接宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,write等。如：
Could you lend your dictionary to me 请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？
She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。
◆能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的有：bring,build,buy,cook,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write等。如：
Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。
I’ll fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一个凳子。
【题组训练】
( )1.(2014·眉山)—Who _____ the tennis game yesterday
—Jack，he _____ all the others.
A.beat;won B.won;won
C.beat;beat D.won;beat
( )2.(2014·河南)Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oosing the right circle of friends will ____ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.
A.save B.share C.keep D.bring
( )3.(2014·十堰)—Smart phones are more and more popular now.
—So they are.But they still _____ too much.
A.pay B .cost C.take D.spend
( )4.(2014·山西)Du ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring the World Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil.It has _____ a great place for fans to have fun.
A.made B.kept C.become
( )5.(2014·宿迁)—Tom is an honest boy，_______ he
—Yes.We trust him all the time.
A.isn’t B.is C.does D.doesn’t
常见连系动词的用法
分类图解
常用连系动词 词义 例句
be 是 I’m a girl with short hair.
become 成为，变得 Mike becomes interested in Chinese.
turn 变得 Mr. White’s face turned red.
get 变得 The weather is getting bad.
smell 闻起来 The flowers smell nice.
sound 听起来 The plan sounds good.
taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious.
stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8 pm.
grow 成长，变得 Her hair is growing white.
keep 保持 The girl keeps silent all the time.
feel 感到，摸起来 The coat feels very soft
look 看起来 My mother looks very young.
注意 1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等。
【题组训练】
( )6.(2014·眉山)—Shall we go for a walk
— ______great.
A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks
( )7.(2014·荆州)—Do you like swimming in winter
—Of course.The water _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.
A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks
( )8.(2014·河北)Mom is making dinner. It_____ so nice!
A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds
( )9.(2014·宿迁)—Your trainers _____ colourful.
—Yes.And they are popular among young people.
A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look
( )10.(2014·乐山)—I can’t stand the smell of the stinking tofu.
—Would you like to have a try It _____ quite delicious!
A.looks B.sounds C.tastes
情态动词的用法
分类图解
情态动词 意义及用法 例句
may 表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。 —May I go out and play football —No,you mustn’t.　
表推测，意思是“可能”。 Mr.Li may be at home.
can(could) 表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。 Mike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。 Could you tell me something about your school
表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan.
can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to可以用于各种时态。 He can spell these words.He has been able to draw pictures already.
must 表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn’t，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。 You must be careful next time.You mustn’t take photos here.
表示推测，意为“必定”。 He must be in the room.
表示说话人的主观看法。 I must go home now.
must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have to；否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to。 —Must I finish the homework today —No,you needn’t/you don’t have to.
need　 表示“需要”，多用于否定句。 He needn’t worry about it.
作实义动词，后接动词不定式。 I’m very tired and I need to have a rest.
【题组训练】
( )11.(2014·台州)—Are you interested in shopping online
——Not so much. We_____see real products but pictures.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
( )12.(2014·威海)—Bob，Where is Linda
—She ________ be in the library.But I am not sure.
A.must B.may C.need D.has to
( )13.(2014·菏泽)—Look，someone left a book.
—Oh，yeah…This ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) book_____ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of books.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
( )14.(2014·福州)—Lisa，hurry up! The bus is coming.
—Oh，no. We ____ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.should
( )15.(2014·江西)Last year I ______ drive.I used to take the bus.
A.could B.couldn’t
C.should D.shouldn’t
短语动词
分类图解
类别 实例 汉义
动词+副词 add up 加起来
break out 爆发
carry on 坚持下去；继续下去
change into 转换成；变成
clean up 清除；收拾干净
clear up 整理，收拾；(天气)放晴
come back 回来；想起来
come down 落下来
come in 进入，进来
cut down 砍倒
cut off 切断
cut up 切碎
eat up 吃光，吃完
fall behind 落在……后面；输给别人
find out 发现；查明
get along 取得进展
get together 聚会，联欢
get up 起床
give away 分发；赠送
give back 归还,送回
give in 屈服
give out 分发；用完，耗尽
give up 放弃
go ahead 继续
go away 走开，离去
go on 继续
grow up 长大成人，成长
hand in 上交；交纳
hand out 分发
hold on 坚持；(打电话)别挂断
keep on 继续(进行)
let in 让……进来，放进
look ahead 向前看
look up 查找
pay back 偿还(借款等)
pick up 拾起，捡起；开车接；学会
point out 指出，标明
put off 推迟
put on 穿；戴上；上演
put up 举起；张贴
start off 出发
stay up 熬夜
take off 脱下；起飞
turn down 声音调小
turn in 上交
turn off 关闭
wake up 唤醒，醒来
watch out 当心
work out 计算出动
词+介词 agree with 赞同，同意(某人的看法)
arrive at/in 到达
ask for 请求；询问
base on 以……为依据
belong to 属于
break into 破门而入
call for 需要；呼吁
care for 在乎，关心
come from 来自……
deal with 处理；对付
depend on/upon 依靠；相信；依赖
get over 克服
get to 到达……
go by 走过，经过
go over 仔细检查；复习
knock at 敲
laugh at 嘲笑……
learn from 向……学习
look after 照顾
look at 看……，观看……
look for 寻找
look like 看起来像
pass by 经过
point to 指向……
quarrel with (和某人)争吵
stand for 代表(某事物)；支持
stick to 坚持
talk about 谈论，议论
think about 考虑
think of 想起，想出；认为
wait for 等待
动词+副词+介词 add up to 加起来总计
catch up with 赶上
come up with 想出
get along with 相处
go on with 继续进行
keep away from 远离
keep up with 跟上；和……保持联系
look down on/upon 看不起
look forward to 盼望
look out of 朝……外看
make up of 由……组成，构成
run out of 耗尽
注意:
对于动词+副词类的短语， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：
He turned off all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。
【题组训练】
( )16.(2014·咸宁)—When will your new book _______
—It has not been decided yet.
A.find out B.come out
C.look up D.set up
( )17.(2014·山西)—Mum.I did best in our group discussion today.
—Well done! I _________ you.
A.am mad at B.am patient with
C.am proud of
( )18.(2014·河南)Thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s bus doesn’t go to the train station.I’m afraid you’ll have to ______ at the library and take the A52.
A.take off B.put off
C.get off D.turn off
( )19.(2014·十堰)—Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e song Where did the time go _____ the old days and the love of family.
—Sure.It’s my favorite song.
A.helps us out B.reminds us of
C.lets us down D.regards us as
( )20.(2014·安徽)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s time _______，you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.
A.goes by B.runs out
C.takes off D.turns up
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.—Can I borrow your English book,please
—Sure.But you must ______ it to me soon.
A.keep B.buy
C.return D.hold
( )2.—Have you ever listened to the song Baby
—Yes,it _____ wonderful.All of us like it very much.
A.smells B.sounds C.looks D.tastes
( )3.—How about the silk skirt
—It ______ soft!I’ll take it.
A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels
( )4.After the seri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ous illness,he finally _____ how important health is.
A.realized B.meant
C.added D.impressed
( )5.The old man’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s eyesight isn’t very good.He often ______ Tim for Jim.
A.regards B.treats
C.mistakes D.thinks
( )6.—Why is Lily so popular among the students
—Because she often_____us with help and care.
A.gives B.offers
C.provides D.supports
( )7.—Do you think Houston Rockets will beat Lakers
—Yes.They have better players,so I ______ them to win.
A.hope B.think C.depend D.expect
( )8.—How long do you think the terrible weather will______
—Why not listen to the weather report
A.appear B.last C.change D.discover
( )9.Listen! The w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hole class is quiet now. It _____ that everyone falls asleep.
A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.gets
( )10.The children are making too much noise.I can’t ____ it.
A.stand B.hear C.consider D.know
( )11.Wow,the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dish _____ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it
A.keeps B.tastes C.sounds D.feels
( )12.—Why does Zhang Lei look unhappy
—Because her best friend didn’t _____ her to go on a picnic.
A.make B.let
C.invite D.refuse
( )13.David _______ his friend’s invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest.
A.expected B.refused
C.received D.told
( )14.—Who’s that boy in the red coat
—He is my new friend.Let me ______him to you.
A.introduce B.tell
C.promise D.say
( )15.—What about the picture over there
—It ________ nice.
A.tastes B.gets C.looks D.sounds
( )16.—May I go to the cinema,Mum
—Certainly.But you _____ be back by 11 o’clock.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
( )17.— ____I speak to May,please
—I’m sorry she ____ come to the phone because she is busy now.
A.Might;won’t B.Can;mustn’t
C.May;can’t D.Could;shouldn’t
( )18.—I want to know if I ______ smoke here.
—No,you_______ .Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there
A.can;needn’t B.must;can’t
C.shall;won’t D.can;mustn’t
( )19.My wife never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )remembers my telephone number. She always _______ look it up.
A.must B.should C.would D.has to
( )20.—_____ you pass me the dictionary,please
—Sure.Here you are.
A.Could B.Need C.Must D.Might
( )21.—Must I go there with you
—No,you____ .David ______ go with me.
A.mustn’t;can B.can’t;must
C.don’t;should D.needn’t;may
( )22.You ______ be careful when crossing the road—the traffic lights aren’t working.
A.might B.should C.could D.may
( )23.—Could I borrow your ruler
—Yes,of course you _______.
A.will B.should C.can D.need
( )24.—I’ve taken someone else’ s green sweater by mistake.
—It _______ Henry’s.He always wears green.
A.has to be B.will be
C.mustn’t be D.could be
( )25.The fire spr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ead through the hotel very quickly but luckily everyone _______ get out.
A.had to B.would
C.was able to D.could
( )26.—Is Paul coming by train
—He should,but he _______.He likes driving his car.
A.can’t B.needn’t
C.may not D.mustn’t
( )27.—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there
—No,it _______ be him.I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A.can’t B.must not C.won’ t D.may not
( )28.Susan,you __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.may not
( )29.—Listen!Someo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne is singing in the next room. Who____ it be Is it Zhu Lei
—No.It ______ be her.She is at school now.
A.will;may not B.must;mustn’t
C.may;can’t D.may;won’t
( )30.Susan’s parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _______ be very expensive.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
( )31.—Do you know if he is still living
—I’m not sure.I think he _______die in a battle in 1943.
A.have to B.should
C.must D.might
( )32.—You can sit and read the books here if you _____.
—Thank you very much.
A.can B.will C.may D.must
( )33.—Must I wash all the clothes this afternoon
—No,you_______.
A.don’t have to B.mustn’t
C.can’t D.may not
( )34.—_______ the work be finished by the end of this week
—Yes,it must.
A.Will B.Shall C.Need D.Can
( )35.—_______ I go there at once
—No,I don’t think you ____ now.It’s still early.
A.Can;have to B.Do;need to
C.Need;must D.May;would
( )36.—Tom,it’s cold outside. _______your coat when you go out.
—OK,Mum.
A.Take off B.Take away
C.Put away D.Put on
( )37.I work very hard because I don’t want to______ .
A.let my parents down
B.let down my parents
C.let my parents to be disappointed
D.let my parents go
( )38.—When will Han Han’s new book ________
—Sorry,I don’t know.Im looking forward to his new book,too.
A.come on B.come out
C.come in D.come over
( )39.—Great changes have taken place in this city.
—Right.Many modern buildings have been _______ these days.
A.turned up B.put up
C.shown up D.fixed up
( )40.Dont worry! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Im sure you’ll _______ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.
A.catch up with B.agree with
C.get along well with D.make friends with
参考答案：
(八)动词的分类
题组训练
1—5DABCA6—10BAADC11—15BBBAB
16—20BCCBA
整合集训
1—5CBDAC6—10CDBAA11—15BCBAC
16—20CCDDA21—25DBCDC26—30CABCA
31—35DBACC36—40DABBC