《火线100天》2015中考英语 基础语法：主谓一致和倒装句

（十三）主谓一致和倒装句
01 命题趋势 考标导向化
主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。
02 定义 概念清晰化
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
语法一致原则
分类图解
使用情况 例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our duty.Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.
and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.The writer and teacher is coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.
both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken.Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
不定代词another, each o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here Something is wrong with my computer.I called last night,but nobody was in.
主语后面跟with, along ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。 This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.
特例清单
1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。
2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
【题组训练】
( )1.(2014·黔东南)Climbing hills _____ good for our health.
A.are B.is C.was D.were
( )2.(2014·咸宁)—What are you going to do this weekend
—I together with my classmates ____ going to climb Mount Qian.
A.is B.am C.are D.Were
( )3.(2014·达 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )州)—I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.
—Sorry，I with my parents______ at that time.
A.was shopping B.were shopping
C.are shopping D.went shopping
( )4.(2014·孝感)A number of volunteers ____ from far away cities.
A.is B.are
C.is come D.arc come
( )5.(2014· ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )白银)The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors ________ smaller and smaller.
A.become B.are becoming
C.is becoming D.have become
意义一致原则
分类图解
使用情况 例句
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。 His family isn’t la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rge.His family are fond of watching sports programs.
有些集合名词如people, po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lice, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really difficult for me
“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(of),ple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two pounds isn’t so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.
特例清单
1.某些以?s结尾的地理名称，如果是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。
The Niagara Falls a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。
2.none如果指量，动词用单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：
None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。
None of the student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：
Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。
【题组训练】
( )6.(2014·广东)—Do you need more time to complete the task
—Yes.Another ten days ______ enough.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
( )7.(2014·宜宾)Look! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The police _____ the food onto the bank of the river.
A.am carrying B.is carrying
C.are carrying D.are carried
( )8.(2013·广安)—Maths ______ my favorite subject.What about you
—Physics _______.I think it’s very interesting.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is
( )9.(2012·佛山 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Thanks to the organization，some money ______ given to the poor children.
A.was B.were C.are
( )10.(2012·自贡)—How soon can you finish this job
—Two days ____ enough for me to finish the work.I need a week.
A.isn’t B.aren’t C.is
就近一致原则
分类图解
使用情况 例句
由or, either…or…, no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Here are some books and paper for you.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
【题组训练】
( )11.(2014·广安)—Neither Tony nor I ____ interested in playing Weibo.
—You are out.
A.am B.is C.are
( )12.(2014·白银)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re ______ great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上电脑)in the last few years.
A.has been B.have been
C.has had D.have had
( )13.(2014·济宁)Acro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss from my home，_______ a shop which sells things from foreign countries.
A.it is B.it has
C.there is D.that is
( )14.(2014·重庆)There ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
( )15.(2013·安顺)Ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ither my sister nor I ______ been to America before.
A.have ever B.have never
C.has ever D.has never
倒装句
结构 例句
so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”) —Tom has ever been to China.汤姆曾经到过中国。—So has Mike.迈克也去过。
neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，表否定) —Li Ping wasn’t late for school this morning.李平今天上午没有上学迟到。—Neither was Tom.汤姆也没有。
so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人，意为“的确如此”) —He continued watch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing TV after the phone rang many times.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。—So he did.的确如此。
Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Here it is.它在这里。
【题组训练】
( )16.(2014·黄石)—Sorry Sir，I’ve made so many mistakes in this paper.
—It’s OK._____.This paper is very difficult.
A.So have other students
B.So do other students
C.Neither do other students
D.Neither have other students
( )17.(2014·南充)—He hasn’t seen that interesting film before.
—_________.
A.So have I B.Neither have I
C.Nor do I D.So do I
( )18.(2014·云南)—Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in.
—_________.The weather is pleasant.
A.So it is B.So is it
C.So it does D.So does it
( )19.(2014·遂宁)—Will you go to Peter’s party this Saturday evening
—I haven’t decided yet.If you don’t go，________.
A.so will I B.neither do I
C.neither will I
( )20.(2014·白银)—Has your mother been to London
—Yes，and _______ .We went together.
A.so have I B.so I have
C.neither have I D.neither I have
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A.has B.have
C.is D.are
( )2.This is my twi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I______ good at drawing.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
( )3.Ten minutes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ago, there _____ an eraser,a pen and some books on the desk.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
( )4.Linda,with h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er parents, ______ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.
A.have gone to B.has been to
C.have been to D.has gone to
( )5.In 1850,about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a third of the USA ______ covered with forests(森林).
A.were B.has been
C.are D.was
( )6.The population of the world ______ still _____ now.
A.has;grown B.will;grow
C.is;grown D.is;growing
( )7.As the saying goes, no news _______ good news.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
( )8.Most of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the boys who are good at playing basketball_____ in good health.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
( )9.—Have you got any water to drink
—Here you are.There ______still some in the bottle.
A.are B.has C.is D.have
( )10.Cindy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )together with her parents often _____ to the movies on weekends.
A.go B.goes
C.has gone D.have gone
( )11.—Which would you like,tea or coffee
—Either______ OK,but I prefer coffee _____ tea.
A.is;to B.are;with
C.is;with D.are;to
( )12.The whole family _______ enjoying the beautiful music now.
A.is all B.all is C.all are D.are all
( )13.—How much would you like to pay for the pair of shoes
—Twenty dollars _______ enough.
A.be B.is C.are D.am
( )14.—Physics _____ more difficult than math, do you think so
—Yes,I think so.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
( )15.Everyone _______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shanxi.
A.thinks B.don’t think
C.think D.doesn’t think
( )16.Each man and woman _____ the same rights(权利).
A.had B.has
C.have D.is having
( )17.Climbing hills ______ of great help to our health.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
( )18.Each of the girls here ________ to the West Lake twice.
A.have gone B.have been
C.has gone D.has been
( )19.Neither my fath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er nor my mother _____ rock music.They think it’s too _______.
A.likes;noisy B.likes;noise
C.like;noisy D.like;noise
( )20.______ of the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and in this district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifths;are B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifth;is D.Two fifths;is
( )21.Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.
A.has B.have
C.is D.are
( )22.Talking aloud on a mobile phone ____ impolite.
A.are B.seem C.is D.look
( )23.Everyon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e except Bill and Jim _______ there when the meeting began.
A.was B.is C.are D.were
( )24.Half of the students _____ made the suggestions.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
( )25.—How many classes do you usually have a day
—Six classes a day.And each of them ______ 45 minutes.
A.last B.lasts C.have D.are
参考答案：
(十三)主谓一致和倒装句
题组训练
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整合集训
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