人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture单词学案（含答案）
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Book2 Unit 3 Food and Culture
1.prior adj. 先前的，优先的 priority n.[U]优先权;[C]优先事项
prior to (doing) sth. =previous to (doing) sth. 在(做)某事之前
prior warning/notice/discussion预先警告/通知/讨论
prior agreement/arrangement 事先协议/安排
give priority to 优先考虑
近义词：previous;before
拓展：用to来表示“比…”的其他搭配
be senior to比…年长/职位高 be junior to比…年轻/职位低
be superior to优于 be inferior to 次于/劣于
1)Education is a top _______(prior).
2)Prior to _________ (work) in London, I got my PHD in the Computer Science at Stanford.
2. consist vi. 组成，构成；在于
consist of = be made up of = be composed of 由……组成（或构成）
注意：consist of不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态。
consist in =lie in 在于；存在于
consist with 与……一致；相符
consistent adj. 一致的；连续的
be consistent with ... 与……一致
consistency n. 一致性，连贯性
1)Life mainly consists ______happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist____ struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist ____ the reality.
2)The medical team, _________(consist) of 8 doctors and 16 nurses, is making its way to the stricken area.
3. bold adj.①大胆自信的/敢于冒险的；②粗体/黑体的
bold flavour重口味
boldly adv.大胆地； 敢于冒险地
It was a bold move on their part to open a business in France.
在法国开业是他们的一个大胆行动。
Highlight the important words in bold type. 用黑体突出重要词语
4.stuff [U]n.东西；物品 vt.填满；把……塞进
stuffed adj.吃饱的；填制的 stuffing n.填料；填充物
stuff …with… 用…填/装/塞满…
be stuffed with=be filled with / be full of充满/装满
stuff... into...把……塞进……
1)Luffy and Joba stuff their mouths _____ tasty food.
2)The rooms ________(stuff) with priceless treasures.
3)She stuffed the coins _______ her pocket.
5. slice n. (切下的食物)薄片 vt. 把…切成薄片
a slice of 一片……
slice...off 切下
sliced adj.（食物）已切成薄片的
1)When the oil is hot, add the ________ (slice) onion.
2)For breakfast I had a slice ______ bread.
6.exceptional adj特别的，罕见的；杰出的，优秀的
exceptionally adv.罕见，非常；例外地
exception n.例外；例外的事务
without exception一律；无一例外
with the exception of 除…以外；不包括…在内
except prep.除…之外
This deadline will be extended only in exceptional circumstances.
The quality of the recording is quite exceptional.
1)At the age of five he showed _________ (except) talent as a musician.
2)All students without _________(except) must take the English examination.
7. minimum n. 最小值；最少量；最低限度 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
at a minimum 至少= at least
a minimum of... 至/最少...
keep/bring…to a minimum. 把…保持在/减少到最低限度
a minimum charge/price最低收费/价格
minimize vt.使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低
maximum n.最大量;最大/高限度adj.最高的;最多的; 最大极限的
maximize vt.使增加到最大限度；充分利用
1)The class needs a minimum ______ six students to continue.
2)_____ a minimum, we must recruit two new teachers.
8.consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
consumer n.消费者；顾客
consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费
consume sb with sth 使某人充满(某种感情)
be consumed with 某人满怀（某种感情）
1) Linda was (consume) with guilt.
2)He was advised to reduce his alcohol _______ (consume).
3)Before he died he (consume) a large quantity of alcohol.
4)The electricity industry (consume) large amounts of fossil fuels.
9. temper n.脾气;火气
have a bad/hot temper 脾气暴躁
a violent / short / quick temper
烈性子/急性子/火性子
lose one’s temper (with sb) (对某人)发脾气
good-tempered / bad- tempered 脾气好的/ 脾气坏的
stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的；沉稳的
unstable adj.不稳定的；易变的 stably adv. 稳定地; 坚固地; 坚定地
stability n. 稳定（性）；稳固（性）stabilize v.（使）稳定，稳固
1)It can guarantee electric system safely, _______ (stable) and economically.
2)The requirements for the _______ (stable) of power supply become higher and higher in the modern society.
11.somewhat adv.有点;稍微
It’s somewhat (a little bit) cold today.
辨别somewhat/somehow
somewhat意为“有点;稍微;有几分”，相当于a little bit
somehow意为“以某种方式，由于某种未知的原因，不知怎么地”
1)She felt uncomfortable.
2)Don’t worry, we can get the lost money back .
12. association n.
①协会，社团，联盟
the Football Association 足球协会
NBA(National Basketball Association) 美国职业篮球联赛
②联合；关联
in association with. . . 与……联合
③associate v. 联想; 联系; 交往 adj.副的
an associate editor副主编
associate...with... 把...与...联系起来
associated adj. 有关联的；相关的；有联系的
be associated with...与...有关
表示“与……有联系”的短语还有be connected with, be related/linked to等
1)As a result, she says, some of the injuries _________ (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
2) I have never associated you _______ this place.
3) He belongs to a trade ___________ (associate).
13. regardless of 不管；不顾
同义词组：despite /in spite of + 名词(短语)
with/in regard to 关/至于(=as for)
regard…as把…视为
1)Many people regard life _________ a game: you win some, and you lose some.
2)He went ahead and did it, __________ (regard) of the consequences.
3)With regard ________ the operation tomorrow, it is postponed.
14.quantity n.数量；数额；大量/大批
a (large) quantity of =(enormous/vast/huge) quantities of 大量的 (修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词)
注意：quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语都用复数；a quantity of+可数名词复数，谓语用复数；a quantity of+不可数名词，谓语用单数。
in large quantities =in quantity 大量地 （副词短语）
1)A large quantity of clothing ____________(steal) from the shop.
2)Huge quantities of oil ________________(spill) into the sea yesterday.
3)It is cheaper to buy goods ______ quantity.
15 ideal ideally adv.理想地
①adj.完美的；理想的
She is the ideal candidate for the job.
②adj.想象的；不切实际的
In an ideal world there would be no poverty and disease.
③n.理想；完美的人（或事务）
Political ideals 政治理想
It’s my ideal of what a family home should be.这是我心目中完美的家庭住宅。
16.fundamental adj. 根本/基础/基本的 n. 基本规律；根本法则
be fundamental to ..... 对......是必要/根本的
a fundamental key to healthy eating 健康饮食的基本要诀
fundamentally adv. 基础地; 根本地; 从根本上
chew chewing gum 口香糖
①vi/vt 咀嚼；嚼碎
After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.
②n.咀嚼；口香糖；供嚼用的烟草
modest adj. modesty n.谦虚；谦逊；朴素
①些许的；不太大的
The research was carried out on a modest scale.
②谦虚的；谦逊的
She’s very modest about her success.
③庄重的；朴素的
a modest dress 端庄的连衣裙
trick
①n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
fall for one’s trick 落入某人的圈套
The trick is to... 诀窍在于...
②vt.欺骗；欺诈
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物
1)We are playing a trick _____ a man who keeps bothering me.
2)Just like creating new habits, the trick is ______(start) small.
3) He was tricked into ______(invest) money to the company.
20.overall
①adv.总体上；大致上；全部；总计
Overall, this is a very useful book.
The company will invest $1.6million overall in new equipment.
②adj.全面的；综合的
When she finished painting, she stepped back to admire the overall effect.
教材佳句
1.Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.（过去完成时的被动）
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。
2.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.（过去分词作后置定语）
例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
3.Tired, hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.（形容词作状语）
又累又饿，也不认识一个汉字，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。
4.At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.（what引导的宾语从句）
至少，当地人消费的食物种类能让我们知道他们在当地种什么，过什么样的生活以及他们的爱憎。
5.However,there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. (there is evidence that…有证据表明)
然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。
6.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. (recommend that+(should) +v)
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。
7.Besides this，it is also important to have some meat, beans，or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. (as引导原因状语从句)
此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
8.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.（what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句）
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
答案
1. priority; working 2. of, in, with; consisting 4. with; are stuffed; into 5.sliced; of
6. exceptional; exception 7 of; at 8.consumed; consumption; had consumed; consumes 10.stably; stability 11. somewhat; somehow 12. associated; with; association 13. as; regardless; to
14. was stolen; were spilled/spilt; in 19. on; to start; investing
1.prior adj. 先前的，优先的 priority n.[U]优先权;[C]优先事项
prior to (doing) sth. =previous to (doing) sth. 在(做)某事之前
prior warning/notice/discussion预先警告/通知/讨论
prior agreement/arrangement 事先协议/安排
give priority to 优先考虑
近义词：previous;before
拓展：用to来表示“比…”的其他搭配
be senior to比…年长/职位高 be junior to比…年轻/职位低
be superior to优于 be inferior to 次于/劣于
1)Education is a top _______(prior).
2)Prior to _________ (work) in London, I got my PHD in the Computer Science at Stanford.
2. consist vi. 组成，构成；在于
consist of = be made up of = be composed of 由……组成（或构成）
注意：consist of不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态。
consist in =lie in 在于；存在于
consist with 与……一致；相符
consistent adj. 一致的；连续的
be consistent with ... 与……一致
consistency n. 一致性，连贯性
1)Life mainly consists ______happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist____ struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist ____ the reality.
2)The medical team, _________(consist) of 8 doctors and 16 nurses, is making its way to the stricken area.
3. bold adj.①大胆自信的/敢于冒险的；②粗体/黑体的
bold flavour重口味
boldly adv.大胆地； 敢于冒险地
It was a bold move on their part to open a business in France.
在法国开业是他们的一个大胆行动。
Highlight the important words in bold type. 用黑体突出重要词语
4.stuff [U]n.东西；物品 vt.填满；把……塞进
stuffed adj.吃饱的；填制的 stuffing n.填料；填充物
stuff …with… 用…填/装/塞满…
be stuffed with=be filled with / be full of充满/装满
stuff... into...把……塞进……
1)Luffy and Joba stuff their mouths _____ tasty food.
2)The rooms ________(stuff) with priceless treasures.
3)She stuffed the coins _______ her pocket.
5. slice n. (切下的食物)薄片 vt. 把…切成薄片
a slice of 一片……
slice...off 切下
sliced adj.（食物）已切成薄片的
1)When the oil is hot, add the ________ (slice) onion.
2)For breakfast I had a slice ______ bread.
6.exceptional adj特别的，罕见的；杰出的，优秀的
exceptionally adv.罕见，非常；例外地
exception n.例外；例外的事务
without exception一律；无一例外
with the exception of 除…以外；不包括…在内
except prep.除…之外
This deadline will be extended only in exceptional circumstances.
The quality of the recording is quite exceptional.
1)At the age of five he showed _________ (except) talent as a musician.
2)All students without _________(except) must take the English examination.
7. minimum n. 最小值；最少量；最低限度 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
at a minimum 至少= at least
a minimum of... 至/最少...
keep/bring…to a minimum. 把…保持在/减少到最低限度
a minimum charge/price最低收费/价格
minimize vt.使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低
maximum n.最大量;最大/高限度adj.最高的;最多的; 最大极限的
maximize vt.使增加到最大限度；充分利用
1)The class needs a minimum ______ six students to continue.
2)_____ a minimum, we must recruit two new teachers.
8.consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
consumer n.消费者；顾客
consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费
consume sb with sth 使某人充满(某种感情)
be consumed with 某人满怀（某种感情）
1) Linda was (consume) with guilt.
2)He was advised to reduce his alcohol _______ (consume).
3)Before he died he (consume) a large quantity of alcohol.
4)The electricity industry (consume) large amounts of fossil fuels.
9. temper n.脾气;火气
have a bad/hot temper 脾气暴躁
a violent / short / quick temper
烈性子/急性子/火性子
lose one’s temper (with sb) (对某人)发脾气
good-tempered / bad- tempered 脾气好的/ 脾气坏的
stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的；沉稳的
unstable adj.不稳定的；易变的 stably adv. 稳定地; 坚固地; 坚定地
stability n. 稳定（性）；稳固（性）stabilize v.（使）稳定，稳固
1)It can guarantee electric system safely, _______ (stable) and economically.
2)The requirements for the _______ (stable) of power supply become higher and higher in the modern society.
11.somewhat adv.有点;稍微
It’s somewhat (a little bit) cold today.
辨别somewhat/somehow
somewhat意为“有点;稍微;有几分”，相当于a little bit
somehow意为“以某种方式，由于某种未知的原因，不知怎么地”
1)She felt uncomfortable.
2)Don’t worry, we can get the lost money back .
12. association n.
①协会，社团，联盟
the Football Association 足球协会
NBA(National Basketball Association) 美国职业篮球联赛
②联合；关联
in association with. . . 与……联合
③associate v. 联想; 联系; 交往 adj.副的
an associate editor副主编
associate...with... 把...与...联系起来
associated adj. 有关联的；相关的；有联系的
be associated with...与...有关
表示“与……有联系”的短语还有be connected with, be related/linked to等
1)As a result, she says, some of the injuries _________ (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
2) I have never associated you _______ this place.
3) He belongs to a trade ___________ (associate).
13. regardless of 不管；不顾
同义词组：despite /in spite of + 名词(短语)
with/in regard to 关/至于(=as for)
regard…as把…视为
1)Many people regard life _________ a game: you win some, and you lose some.
2)He went ahead and did it, __________ (regard) of the consequences.
3)With regard ________ the operation tomorrow, it is postponed.
14.quantity n.数量；数额；大量/大批
a (large) quantity of =(enormous/vast/huge) quantities of 大量的 (修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词)
注意：quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语都用复数；a quantity of+可数名词复数，谓语用复数；a quantity of+不可数名词，谓语用单数。
in large quantities =in quantity 大量地 （副词短语）
1)A large quantity of clothing ____________(steal) from the shop.
2)Huge quantities of oil ________________(spill) into the sea yesterday.
3)It is cheaper to buy goods ______ quantity.
15 ideal ideally adv.理想地
①adj.完美的；理想的
She is the ideal candidate for the job.
②adj.想象的；不切实际的
In an ideal world there would be no poverty and disease.
③n.理想；完美的人（或事务）
Political ideals 政治理想
It’s my ideal of what a family home should be.这是我心目中完美的家庭住宅。
16.fundamental adj. 根本/基础/基本的 n. 基本规律；根本法则
be fundamental to ..... 对......是必要/根本的
a fundamental key to healthy eating 健康饮食的基本要诀
fundamentally adv. 基础地; 根本地; 从根本上
chew chewing gum 口香糖
①vi/vt 咀嚼；嚼碎
After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.
②n.咀嚼；口香糖；供嚼用的烟草
modest adj. modesty n.谦虚；谦逊；朴素
①些许的；不太大的
The research was carried out on a modest scale.
②谦虚的；谦逊的
She’s very modest about her success.
③庄重的；朴素的
a modest dress 端庄的连衣裙
trick
①n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
fall for one’s trick 落入某人的圈套
The trick is to... 诀窍在于...
②vt.欺骗；欺诈
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物
1)We are playing a trick _____ a man who keeps bothering me.
2)Just like creating new habits, the trick is ______(start) small.
3) He was tricked into ______(invest) money to the company.
20.overall
①adv.总体上；大致上；全部；总计
Overall, this is a very useful book.
The company will invest $1.6million overall in new equipment.
②adj.全面的；综合的
When she finished painting, she stepped back to admire the overall effect.
教材佳句
1.Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.（过去完成时的被动）
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。
2.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.（过去分词作后置定语）
例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
3.Tired, hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.（形容词作状语）
又累又饿，也不认识一个汉字，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。
4.At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.（what引导的宾语从句）
至少，当地人消费的食物种类能让我们知道他们在当地种什么，过什么样的生活以及他们的爱憎。
5.However,there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. (there is evidence that…有证据表明)
然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。
6.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. (recommend that+(should) +v)
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。
7.Besides this，it is also important to have some meat, beans，or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. (as引导原因状语从句)
此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
8.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.（what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句）
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
答案
1. priority; working 2. of, in, with; consisting 4. with; are stuffed; into 5.sliced; of
6. exceptional; exception 7 of; at 8.consumed; consumption; had consumed; consumes 10.stably; stability 11. somewhat; somehow 12. associated; with; association 13. as; regardless; to
14. was stolen; were spilled/spilt; in 19. on; to start; investing