9.1动物的运动课件（共28张PPT） 京改版生物八年级上册

(共28张PPT)
动物的运动
animal locomotion
第一节
骨的结构
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骨与骨之间通过什么相连？
骨连结
骨连结
skeletal muscle
04
骨连结
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骨连结
不活动连结
半活动连结
活动连结
关节
骨连结
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不活动连结
骨密质
骨松质
骨密质
骨缝
颅骨
骨与骨之间非常紧密的连结在一起，不能活动。
特点：稳定性好
骨连结
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半活动连结
椎骨
骨与骨之间不直接相连，活动范围比较小
特点：
具备一定的支撑性与灵活性
骨连结
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活动连结
关节
特点：灵活性高
关节
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关节囊
关节窝
关节头
关节软骨
关节腔
韧带
关节
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韧带
可加强关节的稳固性。
限制关节活动方向及活动范围。
关节
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关节囊
是坚韧的结缔组织，使关节牢固连接。
关节
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滑液
由关节腔内面的滑膜分泌的具有黏性的液体。
保持关节良好的润滑。
关节
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关节窝
关节头
关节面
保持牢固性
关节
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关节软骨
透明软骨，表面光滑有良好的润滑作用。
与骨结合紧密，当受到压力时，有少许的变形，起到缓冲压力的作用。
关节面上覆盖。
关节
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关节的结构如何保证了牢固性与灵活性？
牢固性
灵活性
关节面的吻合
韧带的坚韧
关节囊的包裹
关节软骨
滑液
韧带的伸展性
关节
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关节囊
关节窝
关节头
关节腔
关节软骨
骨骼肌
skeletal muscle
05
骨骼肌
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骨骼肌
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运动的产生需要肌肉的参与。
骨骼肌
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人体共600多块骨骼肌。
根据其所在位置可分为：
头颈肌
躯干肌
四肢肌
骨骼肌
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肌腱
肌腱
肌腹
由结缔组织构成
由肌肉细胞构成，里面含有血管和神经
骨骼肌
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骨和肌肉间有什么联系呢？
01.
02.
骨和骨通过关节相连，肌肉附着在骨上，肌肉牵动骨绕关节活动产生运动。
√
骨骼肌
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关节中的杠杆原理
在运动中，提供动力的是 。
在运动中起支点作用的是 。
在运动中起杠杆作用的是 。
肌肉
关节
骨
骨骼肌
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肱二头肌
肱三头肌
肘关节
骨骼肌
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屈肘
肱二头肌 ：
肱三头肌 ：
伸肘
肱二头肌 ：
肱三头肌 ：
收缩
舒张
舒张
收缩
需要神经系统参与
练习
In the future, we need to work together to be creative, to be brave, to persist, to be persistent,
1.在骨骼肌的两端有较细的乳白色的部分是（ ）
A.神经 B.脂肪 C.关节 D.肌腱
2.少先队员行队礼时，上臂肌肉的状态( )
A.肱二头肌收缩，肱三头肌舒张
B.肱二头肌舒张，肱三头肌收缩
C.肱二头肌收缩，肱三头肌收缩
D.肱二头肌舒张，肱三头肌舒张
D
A
练习
In the future, we need to work together to be creative, to be brave, to persist, to be persistent,
3.有人狂笑时用力过猛，使上下颌不能合拢，这是由于（ ）
A.关节头从关节囊中脱出 B.关节囊收缩
C.关节头从关节窝中脱出 D.关节软骨从关节囊中脱出
4.关于骨的作用的叙述不正确的是（ ）
A.骨位置的变化产生运动
B.骨本身是可以运动的
C.骨的运动要靠骨骼肌的牵拉
D.骨在肌肉收缩牵引下围绕关节运动
C
B
练习
In the future, we need to work together to be creative, to be brave, to persist, to be persistent,
5.“鸟宿池边树，僧推月下门”这句诗描述了僧人在月光下轻轻推开寺门的美妙情景。该僧人在推门的过程中，其肱二头肌和肱三头肌所发生的变化分别是（ ）
A.收缩-舒张、收缩-舒张 B.舒张-收缩、收缩-舒张
C.收缩-舒张、舒张-收缩 D.舒张-收缩、舒张-收缩
C
练习
In the future, we need to work together to be creative, to be brave, to persist, to be persistent,
6.某位老人走路时经常会出现膝盖疼痛的现象，经检查确诊后，医生在他的膝关节腔内注射了玻璃酸钠，症状很快得到缓解，请你判断注射的玻璃酸钠的作用相当于关节内的（ ）
A.滑液 B.软骨 C.韧带 D.关节囊
A