Unit 7 Nobody wins Period 2 Words 词汇拓展延伸(共20张PPT) 2023-2024学年八年级英语上册同步精品课堂（牛津上海版）

(共20张PPT)
Unit7 Nobody wins（II）
Words
词汇拓展延伸
1. immediately adv.立即；马上
e. g. I recognized her immediately. 我立刻认出了她。
He came immediately when he heard the news. 他一听到这个消息，马上就来了。
【近义】at once立刻，马上 right now立刻 right away立刻
2. snore v. 打鼾
e. g. My father was snoring again. 我的父亲又在打呼噜了。
3. laser n. 激光
e. g. The laser beam cut a hole in the steel door in a few minutes.几分钟后激光束在钢门上开了个洞。
【常用搭配】a laser disc激光唱盘(LD)
4. torch n. 手电筒
e. g. My mother used a torch to see into the dark cupboard. 我母亲用一支手电筒照看黑暗的橱柜。
5. attract v. 吸引
e. g. Last night's concert was able to attract a big crowd. 昨晚的音乐会吸引了很多人。
【知识拓展】
attractive adj. 吸引人的；引人人胜的
e. g. She wears very attractive clothes. 她穿着漂亮的衣服。
attraction n. 吸引力，吸引人的事物
e. g. Purple Mount is one of the attractions in Nanjing. 紫金山是南京的名胜之一。
6. escape v. 逃脱；避开，溜走
e. g. The thief tried to escape from jail, but the police caught him. 那小偷试图要逃离监狱，但是警察逮住了他。
7. interrupt v. 打断；中断，妨碍
e. g. Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。
【知识拓展】interruption n. 阻断物，打扰
e. g. She spoke for 30 minutes without interruption. 她说了三十分钟，没有受到打扰。
8. weak adj. 虚弱的，无力的
e. g. Mary was weak after her illness. 玛莉病后很虚弱。
The light is so weak that you can't write here. 灯光太昏暗了，你不能在这里写东西。
【反义】strong adj. 强壮的，强大的
9. aim v. 对……瞄准
e. g. Mary aimed her camera at the bird and snapped the picture. 玛莉用相机对准了那只鸟，拍下了那个镜头。
【知识拓展】
aim n. 目标 v. 力求达到，旨在，针对
e. g. He went to London with the aim of finding a job. 他怀着找工作的目标去伦敦了。
You aim too high. 你太好高骛远了。
These approaches are aiming at improving their ability. 这些方法旨在提高他们的能力。
We aim to be there around six. 我们力求6点左右到达那里。
10. attack v. 进攻；攻击
e. g. The police dogs attacked the robber who fell to the ground. 警犬攻击那个跌倒在地上的劫匪。
11. damage v. 损害；伤害
e. g. The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
【知识拓展】damage n. 损坏，伤害
e. g. The storm didn't do much damage. 这场暴风雨没有造成很大损坏。
12. feel v. 摸，触，感觉，触摸
e. g. Feel this cloth. Is it made of silk or cotton 摸摸这块布，是丝制的还是棉制的？
【知识拓展】feeling n. 触觉，知觉，感觉 feeler n. 触角；触手
e. g. I can't understand why, but suddenly I had this feeling that something terrible was going to happen. 我说不清为什么，但我忽然预感到要出事了。
13. whisper v. 耳语；密谈
e. g. The two girls were whispering in the library. 这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。
【知识拓展】whisper n. 低语，耳语
e. g. She spoke in a whisper. 她低声说话。
14. panic v. (使)恐慌；（使）惊慌
e. g. The banks were panicked into selling dollars. 银行惊恐地抛售美元。
【友情提示】过去式和过去分词为panicked，现在分词为panicking。
【知识拓展】panic n. 惊恐
e. g. They were in a state of panic. 他们惊恐万状。
15. free adj. 自由的
e. g. Are you free tonight 你今晚有空吗？
【知识拓展】freedom n. 自由
e. g. The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays. 孩子们喜欢学校放假时的无拘无束。
16. finally adv. 最后；终于，
e. g. Our flight finally took off five hours later.我们的航班终于在五个小时后起飞了。
【知识拓展】final adj. 最后的
e. g. They are waiting for the final result. 他们正等着最后的结果。
17. maybe adv. 大概，或许
e. g. It’s clouding up. Maybe it'll rain this afternoon. 天阴了，今天下午也许有雨。
【指点迷津】maybe, may be
(1) maybe是副词，表示“大概，可能”的意思，在句中作状语，通常放在句首。
e. g. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket. 大概你把信放在衣服口袋里了吧！
(2)而may be是情态动词“may+系动词be”，may be是短语动词，是“可能是”的意思，在句中作谓语，通常放在句中。
e. g. You may be right. 你可能是对的。
18. figure n. 外形，轮廓
e. g. We could see a tall figure near the door. 我们可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。
Using
1．How (care) Jim was! He made another mistake.2．Mr. Green fell (sleep) quickly without eating dinner.3．A white car (hit) a little boy on the corner of the street last night.4．How (beauty) they are dancing on the stage! We are all impressed by their fantastic performance.5．It’s not right to make a (decide) without thinking.6．He is (lie) on the floor.7．Did you do (something) interesting on vacation 8．The girl on the ground to me. (lie)9．During the winter holidays, the children enjoyed their . (free)10．I want to watch something (education) in my free time, and I expect to learn something from it.11．John’s parents (decide) to travel to Nanjing yesterday.12．Did you go to the beautiful beach with (someone) last week 13．I couldn’t fall (sleep) because the bed was so uncomfortable.14．He made a (decide) to climb to the top of the mountain.15．Up to now, I to fish, while my parents have made a to dance. (decide)16．It’s cruel of them (kill) the wild animals.17．What a good you’ve given me! Thanks a lot. (suggest)18．How (excite) the children were when they got the second prize!19．There is (anything) for everyone at Greenwood Park.20．When Ben (fall) asleep, the wind was dying down.
Keys
1．careless【详解】句意：吉姆多么粗心啊！他又犯了一个错误。根据was可知，此空应填形容词；根据“He made another mistake.”可知，他太粗心了，careless“粗心的”，故填careless。
2．asleep【详解】句意：格林先生没吃晚饭就睡着了。sleep“睡觉”。结合语境和“fell”可知，fall asleep“入睡，睡着”，此处asleep“睡着的”为形容词作表语。故填asleep。
3．hit【详解】句意：昨晚，一辆白色小汽车在街角撞到一个小男孩。根据“last night”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词填过去式hit。故填hit。
4．beautifully【详解】句意：他们在舞台上跳得多美啊！他们的精彩表演给我们留下了深刻的印象。根据“How...(beauty) they are dancing on the stage!”可知，该句为感叹句，句式为“how+副词+主谓”，此空应是副词beautifully。故填beautifully。
5．decision【详解】句意：不经思考就做决定是不对的。make a decision“做决定”，是固定表达，故填decision。
6．lying【详解】句意：他躺在地板上。由“He is … (lie) on the floor”可知，句子描述的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，lying是其现在分词。故填lying。
7．anything【详解】句意：你假期做了什么有趣的事吗？根据标点可知此句为疑问句；something“某物，某事”，主要用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常用anything。故填anything。
8． lying lied【详解】句意：躺在地上的女孩对我撒了谎。根据“on the ground”可知第一空表示“躺”，此处应用现在分词作定语修饰名词girl；第二空是固定短语lie to sb“对某人撒谎”，结合语境可知动作已发生，应用一般过去时，故填lying；lied。
9．freedom
【详解】句意：寒假期间，孩子们享受着他们的自由。free“自由的”，是形容词，此处位于形容词性物主代词their后，应用名词freedom。故填freedom。
10．educational
【详解】句意：我想在空闲时间看一些有教育意义的东西，我希望从中学到一些东西。根据“I expect to learn something from it”可知是希望看一些有教育意义的东西；educational“有教育意义的”，形容词，修饰复合不定代词置于其后。故填educational。
11．decided
【详解】句意：昨天约翰的父母决定去南京旅行。decide“决定”，是动词，根据“yesterday”可知，此处用一般过去时，故填decided。
12．anyone
【详解】句意：上周你和某人一起去了美丽的海滩吗？根据“Did you go to the beautiful beach”和句尾的问号可知，本句是一般疑问句，someone“某人”常用于肯定句，在疑问句中要用anyone“任何人”。故填anyone。
13．asleep
【详解】句意：我睡不着，因为床太不舒服了。sleep“睡觉”，动词；fall asleep“睡着”，固定短语。故填asleep。
14．decision
【详解】句意：他决定爬上山顶。decide“决定”，动词。根据“He made a…to climb to the top of the mountain.”可知，make a decision to do sth.“下定决心做某事”，为固定短语，此处应填名词decision。故填decision。
15． have decide decision
【详解】句意：到目前为止，我已经决定去钓鱼，而我的父母已经决定去跳舞。根据“Up to now”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，主语为I，结构为have done；“做决定”make a decision，固定搭配。故填have decided；decision。
16．to kill
【详解】句意：他们杀害野生动物是残忍的。It’s+形容词+of sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”，为固定句型，故填to kill。
17．suggestion
【详解】句意：你给了我一个多好的建议！非常感谢。句子是感叹句，结构为what+a+adj+n+主谓，应用名词形式suggestion表示“建议”。故填suggestion。
18．excited
【详解】句意：当孩子们获得二等奖时，他们是多么兴奋啊！分析句子可知，此句为how引导的感叹句，结构为：How+形容词+主语+谓语。excite“使兴奋”，动词，其对应的形容词为exciting/excited；exciting修饰物，excited修饰人，主语是the children，表示人，因此使用excited。故填excited。
19．something
【详解】句意：格林伍德公园有适合每个人的东西。本句为肯定句，anything“任何东西”用于否定句和疑问句，something“一些东西”用于肯定句，故此句应填something，不定代词作表语，故填something。
20．fell
【详解】句意：当本睡着时, 风正渐渐小了。根据“the wind was dying down”可知从句时态用一般过去时，fall的过去式是fell。故填fell。
Using
after shoe they be go also brother try to cook
Jerry and his family lived in a small town near a city. One day, he went to a shopping center in the city to buy a new pair of trousers. There 21 too many people in the shop, so he didn’t want to try them on there.He went back home and 22 on the trousers in his bedroom. They were too long for him and he wanted to ask his mother or sister to shorten(剪短)them for him. He went to his mother first, but she was busy 23 lunch. He went to his sister, but she was washing the clothes and 24 . “The new trousers are too long. Can you help me to shorten 25 five centimeters(厘米) ” His mother and sister were busy，and they didn’t answer him. Jerry decided 26 out to fly kites with his friends Tom and Lily first. Jerry’s father was not busy, so he heard his son and helped Jerry to shorten the trousers. 27 Jerry’s mother finished cooking, she went to Jerry’s bedroom and helped him to shorten the trousers five centimeters, too. After an hour, Jerry’s sister remembered her 28 trousers. So she 29 helped her brother to shorten the trousers five centimeters.When Jerry came home after flying kites, 30 his surprise, his new trousers were 15 centimeters shorter than before!
Keys
21．were 22．tried 23．cooking 24．shoes 25．them 26．to go 27．After 28．brother’s 29．also 30．to
【导语】本文主要讲述了杰瑞买了一条裤子，他让他妈妈或姐姐把裤子剪短一些，但是她们太忙了，没有给他剪，他爸爸给他剪短了裤子，但是他妈妈和姐姐相继想起了这件事，也给他把裤子剪短了，他们一共把裤子剪短了15厘米。
21．句意：店里人太多了，所以他不想在那里试穿。根据下文“so he didn’t want to try them on there.”可知，上文是店里人太多，此处是there be句型，整篇短文是一般过去时态，此处是there be句型的一般过去时态，主语是too many people，是复数，be动词用were。故填were。
22．句意：他回到家，在卧室试穿了裤子。根据“the trousers in his bedroom.”可知，此处是在卧室试穿裤子，整篇短文是一般过去时态，此处是一般过去时态，短语try on“试穿”，是动词短语，try的过去式是tried。故填tried。
23．句意：他先去找他母亲，但她正忙着做午饭。短语be busy doing sth.“忙着做某事”，根据lunch可知，此处是忙着做午饭，cook“做饭”，是动词，此处用动名词。故填cooking。
24．句意：他去找他姐姐，但她正在洗衣服和刷鞋子。根据“but she was washing the clothes”可知，此处是忙着洗衣服和刷鞋子。shoe“鞋”，是名词，此处用复数形式，故填shoes。
25．句意：你能帮我把它们剪短五厘米吗？根据“The new trousers are too long.”可知，此处是把裤子缩短5厘米，此处指裤子，动词后加代词宾格，用they的宾格，them“他们”，是代词宾格。故填them。
26．句意：杰瑞决定先和他的朋友汤姆和莉莉一起出去放风筝。根据“fly kites with his friends Tom and Lily first.”可知，此处是决定出去放风筝，短语decide to do sth.“决定去做某事”，短语go out“出去”。故填to go。
27．句意：杰瑞的妈妈做完饭后，她去杰瑞的卧室帮他把裤子也剪短了五厘米。根据下文“she went to Jerry’s bedroom and helped him to shorten the trousers five centimeters, too.”可知，此处是杰瑞的妈妈做完饭后，after“在……之后”，是连词，注意首字母大写。故填After。
28．句意：一个小时后，杰瑞的姐姐想起了她弟弟的裤子。根据trousers是名词，空前是名词所有格，此处指她想起她弟弟的裤子，brother“弟弟”，是名词，用名词所有格，故填brother’s。
29．句意：所以她也帮弟弟把裤子剪短了五厘米。根据上文“she went to Jerry’s bedroom and helped him to shorten the trousers five centimeters, too.”可知，此处是杰瑞的姐姐也帮他把裤子剪短了。also“也”，是副词，故填also。
30．句意：令他惊讶的是，他的新裤子比以前短了15厘米！根据下文“his new trousers were 15centimeters shorter than before!”可知，此处是杰瑞感到很吃惊。短语to one’s surprise“使某人吃惊的是”。故填to。
Using
A．looks like B．near C． because D．spaceship E. costs F. takes
The moon is the nearest neighbour in space. It is our satellite (卫星) and men have visited it already. It is smaller than the earth. Plants can’t grow on the moon 31 there is no air or water on it.The moon doesn’t have its own light. It shines back the light of the sun. When the sun is shining on the side of the moon which faces us, it 32 a great ball. We can’t see the other side of the moon. Because that side never faces the earth.In fact, the moon isn’t as 33 as it looks. It is three hundred and eighty thousand kilometres away from the earth. Of course we can fly to the moon in a 34 . A spaceship flies very, very fast, and it flies at about eleven kilometres a second. So it only 35 more than three days to get there by spaceship.
Keys
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球的情况。
31．句意：植物不能在月球上生长，因为月球上没有空气或水。结合“Plants can’t grow on the moon...there is no air or water on it.”和备选词汇可知“because因为”符合语境，因前后两句为因果关系，because引导原因状语从句。故选C。
32．句意：当太阳照射在月球面向我们的一侧时，它看起来就像一个大球。结合“When the sun is shining on the side of the moon which faces us, it...a great ball.”和备选词汇可知“looks like看起来像……”符合语境，it为主语，时态是一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
33．句意：事实上，月球并不像看起来那么近。结合“In fact, the moon isn’t as...as it looks. It is three hundred and eighty thousand kilometres away from the earth.”和备选词汇可知“near近的，形容词”符合语境，月球离我们三十八万公里，离我们不如看起来的近，not+as+形容词原级+as表示“……不如……”。故选B。
34．句意：当然，我们可以乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球。结合“Of course we can fly to the moon in a... A spaceship flies very, very fast, and it flies at about eleven kilometres a second.”和备选词汇可知“spaceship宇宙飞船”符合语境，宇宙飞船飞的非常快，我们可以乘坐宇宙飞船去月球，不定冠词a后接首字母发音为辅音音素的可数名词单数形式。故选D。
35．句意：所以乘坐宇宙飞船只需要花费三天多的时间到达那里。结合“So it only...more than three days to get there by spaceship.”和备选词汇可知“takes花费（时间），动词第三人称单数形式”符合语境，It takes sb some time to do sth.表示“花费某人（多长）时间做某事”，“...more than three days ”应为花费三天多时间。故选F。
Using
A．third largest population B．one another C． set up D．set out E. their personal information
It has more than 845 million users worldwide. If it were a country, it would have the 36 in the world, behind China and India. This is Facebook, a popular website from the US.Mark Zuckerburg was born on May 14,1984. As a little kid, he loved creating(创造，创建) little fun computer programs. He 37 the network in February of 2004. He was then a second-year student at Harvard University. One day, he had the idea of building a website for Harvard students to get to know 38 . Then he created the Facebook website. Harvard students could share photos and 39 there. Soon the website became very famous. Zuckerberg decided to leave Harvard to run Facebook full time.
A．succeed B．further than C． great success D．checked E. take no risks
It was a big adventure(冒险)in his life and later brought him 40 . Now, the service is popular around the world. People can exchange messages and get the latest information of their friends on Facebook. Greetings such as “Have you 41 your Facebook page today ” became a part of young people’s everyday language in the US.What’s the young man’s secret to success Zuckerberg believes it’s important to have an open mind and be ready to try new things. “The riskiest thing is to 42 ,” he once said in an open letter. Sometimes the simplest ideas go the furthest. We hope Mark can go much further, maybe even 43 Bill Gates.
Keys
36．A 37．C 38．B 39．E 40．C 41．D 42．E 43．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了世界有名的社交软件Facebook创建者马克·扎克伯格的成功故事。
36．句意：它在全球拥有超过8.45亿用户。如果它是一个国家，它将拥有世界第三大人口，仅次于中国和印度。根据题干“If it were a country, it would have the…in the world, behind China and India.”可知是将用户数据与中国和印度的人口数量进行比较，所以此空应填形容词的最高级形式。结合备选词，“third largest population”符合句意。故选A。
37．句意：他在2004年2月建立了这个网站。根据题干“He…the network in February of 2004.”可知此空缺少谓语动词，此句时态是一般过去时；根据后文“One day, he had the idea of building a website for Harvard students.”可知有一天，他有了为哈佛学生建立一个网站的想法，可见2004年他创建了这个网站。结合备选词，“set up”符合句意。故选C。
38．句意：有一天，他有了一个想法，要为哈佛学生建立一个网站，让他们互相了解。根据后文“Harvard students could share photos and their personal information.”可知这个网站学生可以分享照片和他们的个人信息，可见建设这个网站可以让学生互相了解对方。结合备选词，“one another”符合句意。故选B。
39．句意：哈佛的学生可以在那分享照片和他们的个人信息。根据题干可知此处缺少宾语，由“and”可知此处需填名词；根据前文“Then he created the Facebook website.”可知他创建了Facebook网站，Facebook可以分享自己的个人信息等内容。结合备选词， “their personal information”符合句意。故选E。
40．句意：这是他生命中的一次大冒险，后来的成功给他带来了巨大的成功。根据“bring sb. sth.”给某人带来某物，可知此空需填名词，根据后文“Now, the service is popular around the world.”可知现在，这项服务在世界各地都很受欢迎。可见他创建的网站获得巨大成功。结合备选词，“great success”符合语境。故选C。
41．句意：像这样的问候：“你今天查看你的Facebook页面了吗 ”成为了美国年轻人日常用语的一部分。分析题干可知词句时态是现在完成时，缺少动词的过去分词；根据句意，结合备选词，“checked”符合语境。故选D。
42．句意：“最冒险的事情就是不冒险，”他曾在一封公开信中说。分析题干可知此空填动词原形，根据前句“Zuckerberg believes it’s important to have an open mind and be ready to try new things.”可知扎克伯格认为，重要的是要有一个开放思想，并准备好尝试新事物。可见他勇于尝试，不怕冒险。结合备选词，“take no risks”符合语境。故选E。
43．句意：我们希望马克能走得更远，甚至可能比比尔·盖茨走得更远。根据题干可知此处将Mark和Bill Gates作比较。结合备选词，“further than”符合语境。故选B。
Using
compare like earth be four name
Can you 44 all the planets in the solar system Most of us are very familiar with planets like Earth and Mars, but do you know which is the largest of all of them Jupiter, named after the god of sky and thunder and also the king of the gods in ancient Roman mythology, is the largest planet in the solar system. It is also the 45 brightest in a list that includes the Sun, Moon and Venus when viewed from earth. Exactly how large is Jupiter Having a diameter of 142,984 km. It is so wide that NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) estimates that more than 1000 46 can fit into one Jupiter.Although it is huge, Jupiter is mainly made up of gases such as hydrogen and helium. Therefore, it is sometimes known as the “gas giant”. Jupiter has a stripy appearance, with a visible red spot called the “Great Red Spot”. This red spot is like a giant hurricane, and it 47 on Jupiter for at least 350 years. Imagine a huge storm that hardly ever stops! If the storm were on earth, we would all be in big trouble.Jupiter rotates much faster than any other planet we know. 48 to earth, which takes 24 hours to make one rotation, Jupiter only needs about 10 hours. This means that a day on Jupiter is extremely short, lasting a mere 10 hours: However, it takes Jupiter about 12 Earth years to complete a revolution around the sun!Living on Jupiter one day is not 49 because the surface temperature of Jupiter is about -145℃, as compared to between -88℃ and 58℃ on earth. The core of Jupiter is even hotter, at about 35,700℃!So far, nine spacecrafts have been sent to the to Jupiter by NASA since 1972. The latest spacecraft named Juno arrived at Jupiter on 4 July 2016. The Juno team will upload all the images taken by JunoCam onto the website for the public to view.
Keys
44．name 45．fourth 46．earths 47．has been 48．Compared 49．likely
【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳系中最大的行星——木星，以及人类对木星的探索。
44．句意：你能说出太阳系中所有行星的名字吗？根据“all the planets in the solar system”可知问是否能说出太阳系中所有行星的名字，name“说出……的名称”，情态动词Can后接动词原形。故填name。
45．句意：从地球上看，它也是包括太阳、月亮和金星在内的第四亮行星。根据“that includes the Sun, Moon and Venus when viewed from earth”可知此处指第四亮，用four的序数词fourth修饰形容词最高级。故填fourth。
46．句意：它如此之广，以至于美国国家航空航天局（NASA）估计，一颗木星可以容纳1000多个地球。根据“It is so wide”可推出是和地球作对比，应是能容纳1000个地球，earth“地球”，1000后接其复数形式。故填earths。
47．句意：这个红斑就像一场巨大的飓风，它在木星上已经存在了至少350年。根据“for at least 350 years”可知用现在完成时，句子是主系表结构，谓语用be，主语“it”后接助动词has。故填has been。
48．句意：与地球相比，木星只需要10个小时，而地球需要24小时才能旋转一圈。此处是木星被用来与地球作比较，用过去分词compared。句子开头首字母大写。故填Compared。
49．句意：有一天生活在木星上是不可能的，因为木星的表面温度约为-145℃，而地球上的温度在-88℃到58℃之间。根据“because the surface temperature of Jupiter is about -145℃, as compared to between -88℃ and 58℃ on earth”可知生活在木星是不可能的，用like的形容词likely表示“可能的，有希望的”。故填likely。
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