2024届高考英语阅读理解专题研究调查报告类说明文课件(共23张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语阅读理解专题研究调查报告类说明文课件(共23张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 798.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-21 15:51:25 | ||
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文档简介
(共23张PPT)
考点二研究调查报告类
阅读理解专题
large vocabulary
long and complicated
sentences
abstract concepts
new topics
高考说明文难在哪儿？
研究调查报告阅读方法及解题技巧：
Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等）
Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。
Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。
2. 现象----原因----进一步推进----如何做到----进一步推进----总结
3.结论--实验--总结
1. 提出问题----（各类观点/背景信息）----实验发现----解决问题
命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？
干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有或张冠李戴，偷换概念。
注意：即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。
结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来。
科普研究类文本结构
总的结构：研究的问题，对象，内容----研究的方法，过程---研究的结果，发现
4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句
3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词
1. 把握首段/尾段/及段落主题句（段首句）
2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构
3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词
4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句
2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构
高考说明文阅读技巧
说明文阅读方法及解题技巧：
Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等）
Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。
Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。
把握说明方法，抓准关键词
阅读中重要的信息位置（需圈画或关注）：
1.首段尾段 2.段首句 3.转折处 4.引语处
5.因果处 6.目的状语 7.特殊标点符号处，如破折号
说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。
圈画标志性的用词，关注研究发现的结果：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/for example/
for instance/define/compare/cause
表示上下文逻辑关系的词
例证关系 For example, for instance, in fact/ as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/ that is to say…
转折关系 But, however, yet, or/otherwise, instead, still, while/though/although, on the contrary, nevertheless(然而), in contrast/ comparison,
by comparison
因果关系 So, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such…that…,
so that…
递进关系 Besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,
not only…but also…, even, as well
并列关系 And, first, then/ next, to begin with, some…others…,
for one thing, for another…
常见设题
1. 与研究结论有关的题目
研究结论是此类文章的必考内容。考查形式主要有两种：研究发现和最佳标题。研究结论通常在某些固定句型之后，比如：
Experts say ... 专家说…… Scientists reported that ... 科学家有报告称……
Scientists have found that ... 科学家已经发现……
Researchers suggested that ... 研究人员表明……
The researchers noted that ... 研究人员注意到……
The researchers found that ... 研究人员发现……
Research revealed that ... 研究表明……
A new report found ... 一份新的报告发现……
A new study shows that ... 一项新的研究表明……
Data shows that ... 数据说明……
The report data shows that ... 报告数据显示……
some data in the report shows that...and indicates that ... 报告中的一些数据表明……并显示……
One of his first findings was that ... 他的第一个发现是……
According to the reports key findings ... 根据报告的主要发现……
[例1] （2019全国Ⅲ卷D篇）
After running hundreds of tests， the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time， indicating that they were performing a calculation， not just memorizing the value of each combination.
34. What did Livings tones team find about the monkeys？
A. They could perform basic addition.
B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily.
D. They could hold their attention for long.
解析：该题问的是“关于猴子，Livingstone团队发现了什么信息？”其实就是在考查这个团队对猴子的研究结论。文章的前半部分主要在讲实验的内容、方法和过程。第四段用the researchers noted that ... indicating that ... 介绍了研究者的发现和结论：猴子走向（触摸）数值更大的那一侧（屏幕）的次数超过一半，这表明了他们在进行加法运算，故选A项。
[例2] （2018年全国Ⅱ卷D篇）
But the next time you find yourself among strangers， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
35. What is the best title for the text？
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence
解析：该题要求选择最佳标题，所以必须找到并正确理解研究结论。本文第一段通过描写一些常见社会现象来引出话题：陌生人之间往往缺乏交流。第二段就呈现了专家针对这个问题的研究结论：跟陌生人闲聊是能带来很多好处的宝贵的社会实践。故选C项。
[例3]11月联考卷D篇
People in long-term pain are often offered antidepressants, but a review has found little evidence to support using most such drugs in this way.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Antidepressants rarely ease pain
B. The painkilling effect of antidepressants
C. How to tackle long-term painful conditions
D. Antidepressants: “magic bullets” for chronic pain
2、与研究目的有关的题目
研究目的题关注不定式，包括to do， in order to do， so as to do，be designed to ; 也可能用以下句式：The purpose / aim is ...
[例1] （2018全国Ⅰ卷D篇）
To figure out how much power these devices are using， Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
33. Why did Bobbitt’s team conduct the research？
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
解析：本题问Babbitt 的团队为什么要进行这项研究。文章第二段第一句用动词不定式明确告知了研究的目的：为了弄清这些设备的耗电量。故选D项。
[例2] （2017全国Ⅲ卷D篇）
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older drivers problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
解析：该题问DriveLAB（汽车实验室）的目的。文章第一段中的in order to是关键信息，可以帮助我们快速找到答案依据：DriveLAB的目的是找到老年司机所面临的问题。故选C项。
3.与研究方法和过程有关的题目
这类题目属于细节题。解题的关键在于带着题干中的关键词在文中快速定位，找到答案依据。注意长难句的分析，圈画结构词，尤其是比较结构。
长难句分析：一划 (二括) “三会意”
划 trunk(主干部分): 主S.+谓V.+宾(O.)…
括modifiers 修饰语部分：介短，从句，非谓语
圈画结构词，并列结构and/or, 转折but, 比较compare…with/to…，more …than…, as/so…as…, 范围from… to…
[例1]（2019年全国Ⅲ卷D篇）
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined— or added — the symbols to get the reward.
Hers how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone， who led the team， described the experiment： In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen， a symbol would appear， and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example， the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle， they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them？
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment？
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
4. 与文章出处有关的题目
这类题目实际上是送分题，因为科研报告多数选自报刊杂志等的科学栏目（column)。
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Entertainment. B. Health.
C. Education. D. Science.
解析：该题问的是本文可能出现在报纸的那个栏目。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍的是研究人员对猴子进行实验的过程以及实验的结论，所以属于科研报告类。这样的文章当然最有可能出现在报纸的科学栏目，故选D项。
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
9. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
10. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
11. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically.
12. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
细节理解题
段落主旨概括题
研究结果题
文章主旨题
It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay＄5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情），but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character —we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance (符合)with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice：“We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ’’
5 According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to______.
A. determine one’s behavior
B. reflect one’s taste
C. influence one’s surroundings
D. result from one’s habits
6. Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
7. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
8. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
观点理解题
研究发现理解题
语境推断题
篇章主旨题
阅读中重要的信息位置：
1.首段尾段
2.段落首句
3.转折处
4.引语处
5.因果处
6.目的状语
7.特殊标点符号处
非常重要
态度：认真刷好每套试卷CD篇阅读
考点二研究调查报告类
阅读理解专题
large vocabulary
long and complicated
sentences
abstract concepts
new topics
高考说明文难在哪儿？
研究调查报告阅读方法及解题技巧：
Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等）
Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。
Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。
2. 现象----原因----进一步推进----如何做到----进一步推进----总结
3.结论--实验--总结
1. 提出问题----（各类观点/背景信息）----实验发现----解决问题
命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？
干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有或张冠李戴，偷换概念。
注意：即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。
结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来。
科普研究类文本结构
总的结构：研究的问题，对象，内容----研究的方法，过程---研究的结果，发现
4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句
3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词
1. 把握首段/尾段/及段落主题句（段首句）
2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构
3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词
4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句
2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构
高考说明文阅读技巧
说明文阅读方法及解题技巧：
Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等）
Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。
Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。
把握说明方法，抓准关键词
阅读中重要的信息位置（需圈画或关注）：
1.首段尾段 2.段首句 3.转折处 4.引语处
5.因果处 6.目的状语 7.特殊标点符号处，如破折号
说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。
圈画标志性的用词，关注研究发现的结果：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/for example/
for instance/define/compare/cause
表示上下文逻辑关系的词
例证关系 For example, for instance, in fact/ as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/ that is to say…
转折关系 But, however, yet, or/otherwise, instead, still, while/though/although, on the contrary, nevertheless(然而), in contrast/ comparison,
by comparison
因果关系 So, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such…that…,
so that…
递进关系 Besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,
not only…but also…, even, as well
并列关系 And, first, then/ next, to begin with, some…others…,
for one thing, for another…
常见设题
1. 与研究结论有关的题目
研究结论是此类文章的必考内容。考查形式主要有两种：研究发现和最佳标题。研究结论通常在某些固定句型之后，比如：
Experts say ... 专家说…… Scientists reported that ... 科学家有报告称……
Scientists have found that ... 科学家已经发现……
Researchers suggested that ... 研究人员表明……
The researchers noted that ... 研究人员注意到……
The researchers found that ... 研究人员发现……
Research revealed that ... 研究表明……
A new report found ... 一份新的报告发现……
A new study shows that ... 一项新的研究表明……
Data shows that ... 数据说明……
The report data shows that ... 报告数据显示……
some data in the report shows that...and indicates that ... 报告中的一些数据表明……并显示……
One of his first findings was that ... 他的第一个发现是……
According to the reports key findings ... 根据报告的主要发现……
[例1] （2019全国Ⅲ卷D篇）
After running hundreds of tests， the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time， indicating that they were performing a calculation， not just memorizing the value of each combination.
34. What did Livings tones team find about the monkeys？
A. They could perform basic addition.
B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily.
D. They could hold their attention for long.
解析：该题问的是“关于猴子，Livingstone团队发现了什么信息？”其实就是在考查这个团队对猴子的研究结论。文章的前半部分主要在讲实验的内容、方法和过程。第四段用the researchers noted that ... indicating that ... 介绍了研究者的发现和结论：猴子走向（触摸）数值更大的那一侧（屏幕）的次数超过一半，这表明了他们在进行加法运算，故选A项。
[例2] （2018年全国Ⅱ卷D篇）
But the next time you find yourself among strangers， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
35. What is the best title for the text？
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence
解析：该题要求选择最佳标题，所以必须找到并正确理解研究结论。本文第一段通过描写一些常见社会现象来引出话题：陌生人之间往往缺乏交流。第二段就呈现了专家针对这个问题的研究结论：跟陌生人闲聊是能带来很多好处的宝贵的社会实践。故选C项。
[例3]11月联考卷D篇
People in long-term pain are often offered antidepressants, but a review has found little evidence to support using most such drugs in this way.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Antidepressants rarely ease pain
B. The painkilling effect of antidepressants
C. How to tackle long-term painful conditions
D. Antidepressants: “magic bullets” for chronic pain
2、与研究目的有关的题目
研究目的题关注不定式，包括to do， in order to do， so as to do，be designed to ; 也可能用以下句式：The purpose / aim is ...
[例1] （2018全国Ⅰ卷D篇）
To figure out how much power these devices are using， Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
33. Why did Bobbitt’s team conduct the research？
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
解析：本题问Babbitt 的团队为什么要进行这项研究。文章第二段第一句用动词不定式明确告知了研究的目的：为了弄清这些设备的耗电量。故选D项。
[例2] （2017全国Ⅲ卷D篇）
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older drivers problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
解析：该题问DriveLAB（汽车实验室）的目的。文章第一段中的in order to是关键信息，可以帮助我们快速找到答案依据：DriveLAB的目的是找到老年司机所面临的问题。故选C项。
3.与研究方法和过程有关的题目
这类题目属于细节题。解题的关键在于带着题干中的关键词在文中快速定位，找到答案依据。注意长难句的分析，圈画结构词，尤其是比较结构。
长难句分析：一划 (二括) “三会意”
划 trunk(主干部分): 主S.+谓V.+宾(O.)…
括modifiers 修饰语部分：介短，从句，非谓语
圈画结构词，并列结构and/or, 转折but, 比较compare…with/to…，more …than…, as/so…as…, 范围from… to…
[例1]（2019年全国Ⅲ卷D篇）
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined— or added — the symbols to get the reward.
Hers how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone， who led the team， described the experiment： In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen， a symbol would appear， and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example， the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle， they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them？
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment？
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
4. 与文章出处有关的题目
这类题目实际上是送分题，因为科研报告多数选自报刊杂志等的科学栏目（column)。
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Entertainment. B. Health.
C. Education. D. Science.
解析：该题问的是本文可能出现在报纸的那个栏目。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍的是研究人员对猴子进行实验的过程以及实验的结论，所以属于科研报告类。这样的文章当然最有可能出现在报纸的科学栏目，故选D项。
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
9. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
10. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
11. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically.
12. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
细节理解题
段落主旨概括题
研究结果题
文章主旨题
It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay＄5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情），but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character —we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance (符合)with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice：“We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ’’
5 According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to______.
A. determine one’s behavior
B. reflect one’s taste
C. influence one’s surroundings
D. result from one’s habits
6. Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
7. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
8. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
观点理解题
研究发现理解题
语境推断题
篇章主旨题
阅读中重要的信息位置：
1.首段尾段
2.段落首句
3.转折处
4.引语处
5.因果处
6.目的状语
7.特殊标点符号处
非常重要
态度：认真刷好每套试卷CD篇阅读