外研版（2019）选修一Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger Starting out & Understanding ideas同步练习(含答案)
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Unit 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas同步练习-2023-2024学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单词拼写
1、The ________ (协会) gives a free handbook to all new members.
2、Like most boys, Tim likes to ________ (弹跳) up and down.
3、In order to make strong ________ (击球), a player must be able to hold racket very hard.
4、I am amazed to see a beggar step into a ___________ (闪亮的) new car.
5、Her ________ (哲学) of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself.
6、They fear they'll be let down by their ________ (队友).
7、Don't set your ________ (期望) too high—you aren't going to become fluent in a couple of months, for example.
8、I hope this course will help me ________ (使提高) my computer skills.
9、Now it is February in North China where the spring's________ (脚步) comes near.
10、It is hard to drive on this ________ (泥泞的) road.
二、选词填空
11、选词填空。
a far cry from, give way, attach... to..., follow in one's footsteps, carry on, beyond one's expectations, in a row, set out to (do)
1. Now it has been raining ____________ for three weeks.
2. My father is extremely proud that I ____________ and became a doctor.
3. Today's China is ____________ what it was 100 years ago.
4. Many houses ____________ in the storm which happened last week.
5. We ____________ paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
6. Our plan has succeeded ________________.
7. You just have to ____________ as if nothing had happened.
8. ____________ a recent photograph ____________ your application form.
三、语法填空
12、If you don't know what you want, you might end up ____________ (get) something you don't want.
13、With a label ______ (attach)to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognize their own luggage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14、Most horses are happy to drink _____ (mud) water from a puddle because it has a natural smell.
15、I never ____________ (expect) that an earthquake would occur here. But it did happen.
16、There are many serious health problems which are ____________ (associate) with smoking.
17、Li Ping's attitude towards learning is a far cry _____ that of the past.
18、Though he was badly ill, her story has given him the will to carry _____ with his life and his work.
四、短文填空
19、 Stephen's grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole along a narrow dirt road, ① _____ is near the small town of Grottoes. Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this ②_____ (mud) court like his father, where he learned to be creative and flexible. The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions, ③ _____which Stephen learned to know where the ball ④_____ (go) and shoot with great accuracy.
⑤_____, Stephen was thought by many people to be too weak and short ⑥_____ (follow) in his father's footsteps. But he didn't give up because ⑦_____ (play) basketball was his dream. He finally ended up playing college ball at a small, little-known school. His ⑧_____ (create) and perseverance made him Davidson's star player.
He performed beyond everyone's ⑨_____ (expect) with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. After receiving the Most Valuable Player award, Stephen explained his philosophy: What he wanted to do was just be himself. Inspiring others to believe in ⑩_____ (they), he showed that anything is possible with his self-belief, hard work and perseverance.
五、阅读理解
In the past 70 years, physical activity in America has transformed from a necessity of daily life into an often-expensive leisure (闲暇) activity, and has reformed itself as the basis of people’s social position. "In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed；it had to develop—because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks, " Shelly McKenzie, the author of Getting Physical：The Rise of Fitness Culture in America, told me.
With new middle-class needs coming into new marketing, Jack LaLanne’s instructional exercise TV show introduced much of the country to the active pursuit of physical fitness in 1951, paving the way for workout tapes from fitness superstars such as Richard Simmons and Jane Fonda. In the 1970s, exercise began to leave the home, both through the popularization of jogging and weightlifting and in more organized ways, such as Jazzercise classes.
No matter how they package it, these businesses aren’t just selling physical activity；they’re providing people with a way to stick to expectations that the industry itself helped set. "Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue," Marc Stern wrote in 2008. "In return for the effort, gym-goers attain (获得) the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them. "
That these physical standards are difficult to achieve is the point. "We live in a culture in which being diligent is highly praised," Petrzela, the New School professor, who is working on a book about fitness’s place in American culture, told me.
"Many people want to be regarded as people who value exercise, because it shows they’re committed to (致力于) self-improvement, and to hard work."Above and beyond movement itself, part of the satisfaction of gym-going comes from performing those values around other people who share them, and from achieving what that community regards as success.
20、Why did exercise develop in the 1950s and 1960s
A. Exercise was a necessity in daily life.
B. People realized the importance of body health.
C. Exercise was an often-expensive leisure activity.
D. People regarded exercise as the foundation of people’s social position.
21、Why do many people like going to the gym according to Marc Stern
A. To keep healthy. B. To gain good body shape.
C. To show their good character. D. To prove their social position.
22、What does NOT make people gain satisfaction from going to the gym
A. Seeing some superstars in the gym.
B. The same values around other people.
C. Achieving success defined by that group of people.
D. Being regarded as people who’re committed to self-improvement.
23、What is the text mainly about
A. How to keep healthy.
B. Why American people want to gain virtue.
C. Why physical activity developed in America.
D. How physical activity developed in America.
六、七选五
24、Benefits of Sports
Doing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It's a great way for children to take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have proven to improve overall well-being.
The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're involved. ①______ Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions.
②______ Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A pat on the back, high-five from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a child's confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. ③______ So after a game, it's a better idea to ask "Did you enjoy the game " rather than "Did you win "
Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. ④______ Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.
Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics. ⑤______
There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go Pick one and get moving!
A. It's not just your body that benefits from sports.
B. Therefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.
C. But remember, a child's self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.
D. If you play group sports, you'll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.
E. Nearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitive.
F. Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.
G. Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field.
参考答案
1、答案：association
解析：考查名词。句意：协会免费发给所有新会员一本手册。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词association，作主语，由谓语动词gives可知，应用名词单数形式。故填association。
2、答案：bounce
解析：考查动词。句意：像大多数男孩一样，蒂姆喜欢上蹿下跳。like to do sth,此处为动词原形，根据提示的汉语可知，表示“弹跳”应为bounce，与逻辑主语Tom之间为主动关系。故填bounce。
3、答案：shots
解析：考查名词。句意：为了打出有力的击球，球员必须能够非常用力地握拍。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为复数名词shots“击球”，满足句意要求。故填shots。
4、答案：shiny
解析：根据括号内词义，“闪亮的”可译为shiny。分析句子，形容词修饰名词，设空处应用形容词修饰名词car。故填：shiny。
5、答案：philosophy
解析：本题考查词汇，哲学：philosophy，由后面的is可知，philosophy用单数形式，所以答案是philosophy。
6、答案：teammates
解析：根据句意和所给汉语提示，可知此处应为“队友”，teammate：队友，可数名词，由句意可知此处队友不止一个，所以应用复数形式teammates,故答案为teammates。
7、答案：expectations
解析：根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，此处应填入单词expectation(期望），可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故答案为expectations。
8、答案：sharpen
解析：由help me可知使用动词短语help sb.do sth."帮助某人做某事"，因此使用sharp的动词形式sharpen"提高"。故答案为：sharpen.
9、答案：footstep
解析：考查名词。句意：现在是中国北方的二月，春天的脚步临近了。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词footstep“脚步”，满足句意要求，根据谓语动词comes判断主语为单数。故填footstep。
10、答案：muddy
解析：考查形容词。句意：在这条小路上开车很困难。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语，表示“泥泞的”应为muddy。故填muddy。
11、答案：1. in a row 2.followed in his footsteps 3.a far cry from 4. gave way 5.set out to 6.beyond our expectations 7. carry on 8.Attach; to
12、答案：getting
解析：考查固定短语。end up 固定短语，意为"最终到达，到头来"。end up doing something 固定短语，意为“最后做某事”。get动词，获得，动名词形式getting。根据句意：如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。故答案为：getting。
13、答案：attached
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:每件行李上都贴上了标签,乘客辨认自己的行李就容易了。该题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，逻辑主语a label和attach之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
14、答案：muddy
解析：考查形容词。句意：大多数马喜欢喝水坑里的浑水，因为它有一种自然的气味。表示"泥泞的，浑的"用形容词muddy，作定语，修饰water。
15、答案：expected
解析：我从没想到这里会发生地震，但它确实发生了.答案：expected 考查单词填空.根据句意及句子结构，要填入expected,指发生地震之前的动作，要用一般过去时态。
16、答案：associated
解析：根据句意和提示词可知这里使用短语be associated with意为"和……有联系"。
17、答案：from
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：李萍现在的学习态度与以前大不相同。表示"大不相同"用a far cry from。
18、答案：on
解析：考查动词短语。句意：尽管他病得很厉害，但是她的故事激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。表示"继续"用动词短语carry on。
19、答案：①which ②muddy ③by ④would go ⑤However ⑥to follow ⑦playing ⑧creativity ⑨expectations ⑩themselves
解析：①考查关系词。根据句子结构可知，此处用which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰road，which在从句中作主语。
②考查形容词。根据句意可知，表示"像他父亲一样，在泥泞的简易篮球场上拼搏"，故用muddy作定语修饰court。
③考查介词。表示"通过这样的方式，斯蒂芬了解到……"。用by which引导非限制性定语从句。
④考查动词时态。根据句意可知，表示"了解到篮球的运动方向和准确地投篮"，且事情发生在过去，故用过去将来时would go。
⑤考查副词。根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系可知，此处表示转折，且与句子之间用逗号隔开，故用副词however。
⑥考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为too...to结构，不定式在句中作结果状语。
⑦考查非谓语动词。根据空前的because和空后的句子结构可知，because引导原因状语从句，从句应该用动名词短语作主语。
⑧考查名词。句意：他的创造性和和毅力使他成为了戴维森的明星球员。作主语应用名词。
⑨考查名词复数。根据句子结构可知，空格处作介词beyond的宾语，且表示所有人的预期，故用复数形式。
⑩考查反身代词。根据句意可知，表示"激励人们要相信自己"，believe in oneself 结构中的反身代词用复数形式，指代"人们"。
20、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“‘In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed；it had to develop—because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks, ’...”可知, 运动在20世纪50年代和60年代得到发展是因为人们意识到身体健康的重要性。
21、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“‘Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue, ’Marc Stern wrote in 2008.‘In return for the effort, gym-goers attain the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them.’”可知, 运动可以显示出思想、情感、甚至精神上的健康和美德。由此可知Marc Stern认为很多人喜欢去健身房是为了表现出他们良好的品格。
22、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 选项B、C、D是能够使人们从去健身房中获得满足的因素, 故选A项。
23、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句讲述了体育活动在美国的发展, 第二句讲述了这种发展背后的原因。接下来的段落都在讲述原因。所以文章主要是关于体育活动在美国发展起来的原因的。
24、答案：EACFG
解析：① 细节句。根据空后一句可知,篮球运动员注重力量训练,足球运动员注重速度训练,而田径运动员则通过长跑训练。由此可推断,几乎每一项运动都需要体力活动和具有竞争力的技能。故选E。
②主旨句。根据空后一句可知,运动有助于心理健康,有助于增强信心和提高自我价值。由此可推断,从运动中受益的不仅仅是你的身体。故选A。
③过渡句。C项中的self-worth是前一句中的原词复现,且victory or a loss与后一句中的“Did you win ”呼应,因此C项符合语境。故选C。
④过渡句。根据空前一句可知,参加体育运动的孩子也可能从社交方面受益,感觉自己是群体的一部分,建立责任感和增强领导力;根据空后一句可知,团队合作既包括当一个可靠的队友,又包括学会依靠你的队友来取得一个积极的结果。由此可推断,设空处应承上启下。F项“其中,作为团队的一员学习如何发挥作用是最重要的好处”符合语境。故选F。
⑤细节句。根据本段第一、二句可知,本段主要介绍与纪律相关的内容,这里对本段进行总结,只有遵守严格的纪律,你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功。故选G。
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单词拼写
1、The ________ (协会) gives a free handbook to all new members.
2、Like most boys, Tim likes to ________ (弹跳) up and down.
3、In order to make strong ________ (击球), a player must be able to hold racket very hard.
4、I am amazed to see a beggar step into a ___________ (闪亮的) new car.
5、Her ________ (哲学) of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself.
6、They fear they'll be let down by their ________ (队友).
7、Don't set your ________ (期望) too high—you aren't going to become fluent in a couple of months, for example.
8、I hope this course will help me ________ (使提高) my computer skills.
9、Now it is February in North China where the spring's________ (脚步) comes near.
10、It is hard to drive on this ________ (泥泞的) road.
二、选词填空
11、选词填空。
a far cry from, give way, attach... to..., follow in one's footsteps, carry on, beyond one's expectations, in a row, set out to (do)
1. Now it has been raining ____________ for three weeks.
2. My father is extremely proud that I ____________ and became a doctor.
3. Today's China is ____________ what it was 100 years ago.
4. Many houses ____________ in the storm which happened last week.
5. We ____________ paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
6. Our plan has succeeded ________________.
7. You just have to ____________ as if nothing had happened.
8. ____________ a recent photograph ____________ your application form.
三、语法填空
12、If you don't know what you want, you might end up ____________ (get) something you don't want.
13、With a label ______ (attach)to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognize their own luggage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14、Most horses are happy to drink _____ (mud) water from a puddle because it has a natural smell.
15、I never ____________ (expect) that an earthquake would occur here. But it did happen.
16、There are many serious health problems which are ____________ (associate) with smoking.
17、Li Ping's attitude towards learning is a far cry _____ that of the past.
18、Though he was badly ill, her story has given him the will to carry _____ with his life and his work.
四、短文填空
19、 Stephen's grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole along a narrow dirt road, ① _____ is near the small town of Grottoes. Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this ②_____ (mud) court like his father, where he learned to be creative and flexible. The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions, ③ _____which Stephen learned to know where the ball ④_____ (go) and shoot with great accuracy.
⑤_____, Stephen was thought by many people to be too weak and short ⑥_____ (follow) in his father's footsteps. But he didn't give up because ⑦_____ (play) basketball was his dream. He finally ended up playing college ball at a small, little-known school. His ⑧_____ (create) and perseverance made him Davidson's star player.
He performed beyond everyone's ⑨_____ (expect) with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. After receiving the Most Valuable Player award, Stephen explained his philosophy: What he wanted to do was just be himself. Inspiring others to believe in ⑩_____ (they), he showed that anything is possible with his self-belief, hard work and perseverance.
五、阅读理解
In the past 70 years, physical activity in America has transformed from a necessity of daily life into an often-expensive leisure (闲暇) activity, and has reformed itself as the basis of people’s social position. "In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed；it had to develop—because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks, " Shelly McKenzie, the author of Getting Physical：The Rise of Fitness Culture in America, told me.
With new middle-class needs coming into new marketing, Jack LaLanne’s instructional exercise TV show introduced much of the country to the active pursuit of physical fitness in 1951, paving the way for workout tapes from fitness superstars such as Richard Simmons and Jane Fonda. In the 1970s, exercise began to leave the home, both through the popularization of jogging and weightlifting and in more organized ways, such as Jazzercise classes.
No matter how they package it, these businesses aren’t just selling physical activity；they’re providing people with a way to stick to expectations that the industry itself helped set. "Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue," Marc Stern wrote in 2008. "In return for the effort, gym-goers attain (获得) the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them. "
That these physical standards are difficult to achieve is the point. "We live in a culture in which being diligent is highly praised," Petrzela, the New School professor, who is working on a book about fitness’s place in American culture, told me.
"Many people want to be regarded as people who value exercise, because it shows they’re committed to (致力于) self-improvement, and to hard work."Above and beyond movement itself, part of the satisfaction of gym-going comes from performing those values around other people who share them, and from achieving what that community regards as success.
20、Why did exercise develop in the 1950s and 1960s
A. Exercise was a necessity in daily life.
B. People realized the importance of body health.
C. Exercise was an often-expensive leisure activity.
D. People regarded exercise as the foundation of people’s social position.
21、Why do many people like going to the gym according to Marc Stern
A. To keep healthy. B. To gain good body shape.
C. To show their good character. D. To prove their social position.
22、What does NOT make people gain satisfaction from going to the gym
A. Seeing some superstars in the gym.
B. The same values around other people.
C. Achieving success defined by that group of people.
D. Being regarded as people who’re committed to self-improvement.
23、What is the text mainly about
A. How to keep healthy.
B. Why American people want to gain virtue.
C. Why physical activity developed in America.
D. How physical activity developed in America.
六、七选五
24、Benefits of Sports
Doing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It's a great way for children to take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have proven to improve overall well-being.
The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're involved. ①______ Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions.
②______ Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A pat on the back, high-five from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a child's confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. ③______ So after a game, it's a better idea to ask "Did you enjoy the game " rather than "Did you win "
Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. ④______ Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.
Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics. ⑤______
There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go Pick one and get moving!
A. It's not just your body that benefits from sports.
B. Therefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.
C. But remember, a child's self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.
D. If you play group sports, you'll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.
E. Nearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitive.
F. Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.
G. Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field.
参考答案
1、答案：association
解析：考查名词。句意：协会免费发给所有新会员一本手册。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词association，作主语，由谓语动词gives可知，应用名词单数形式。故填association。
2、答案：bounce
解析：考查动词。句意：像大多数男孩一样，蒂姆喜欢上蹿下跳。like to do sth,此处为动词原形，根据提示的汉语可知，表示“弹跳”应为bounce，与逻辑主语Tom之间为主动关系。故填bounce。
3、答案：shots
解析：考查名词。句意：为了打出有力的击球，球员必须能够非常用力地握拍。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为复数名词shots“击球”，满足句意要求。故填shots。
4、答案：shiny
解析：根据括号内词义，“闪亮的”可译为shiny。分析句子，形容词修饰名词，设空处应用形容词修饰名词car。故填：shiny。
5、答案：philosophy
解析：本题考查词汇，哲学：philosophy，由后面的is可知，philosophy用单数形式，所以答案是philosophy。
6、答案：teammates
解析：根据句意和所给汉语提示，可知此处应为“队友”，teammate：队友，可数名词，由句意可知此处队友不止一个，所以应用复数形式teammates,故答案为teammates。
7、答案：expectations
解析：根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，此处应填入单词expectation(期望），可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故答案为expectations。
8、答案：sharpen
解析：由help me可知使用动词短语help sb.do sth."帮助某人做某事"，因此使用sharp的动词形式sharpen"提高"。故答案为：sharpen.
9、答案：footstep
解析：考查名词。句意：现在是中国北方的二月，春天的脚步临近了。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词footstep“脚步”，满足句意要求，根据谓语动词comes判断主语为单数。故填footstep。
10、答案：muddy
解析：考查形容词。句意：在这条小路上开车很困难。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语，表示“泥泞的”应为muddy。故填muddy。
11、答案：1. in a row 2.followed in his footsteps 3.a far cry from 4. gave way 5.set out to 6.beyond our expectations 7. carry on 8.Attach; to
12、答案：getting
解析：考查固定短语。end up 固定短语，意为"最终到达，到头来"。end up doing something 固定短语，意为“最后做某事”。get动词，获得，动名词形式getting。根据句意：如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。故答案为：getting。
13、答案：attached
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:每件行李上都贴上了标签,乘客辨认自己的行李就容易了。该题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，逻辑主语a label和attach之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
14、答案：muddy
解析：考查形容词。句意：大多数马喜欢喝水坑里的浑水，因为它有一种自然的气味。表示"泥泞的，浑的"用形容词muddy，作定语，修饰water。
15、答案：expected
解析：我从没想到这里会发生地震，但它确实发生了.答案：expected 考查单词填空.根据句意及句子结构，要填入expected,指发生地震之前的动作，要用一般过去时态。
16、答案：associated
解析：根据句意和提示词可知这里使用短语be associated with意为"和……有联系"。
17、答案：from
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：李萍现在的学习态度与以前大不相同。表示"大不相同"用a far cry from。
18、答案：on
解析：考查动词短语。句意：尽管他病得很厉害，但是她的故事激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。表示"继续"用动词短语carry on。
19、答案：①which ②muddy ③by ④would go ⑤However ⑥to follow ⑦playing ⑧creativity ⑨expectations ⑩themselves
解析：①考查关系词。根据句子结构可知，此处用which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰road，which在从句中作主语。
②考查形容词。根据句意可知，表示"像他父亲一样，在泥泞的简易篮球场上拼搏"，故用muddy作定语修饰court。
③考查介词。表示"通过这样的方式，斯蒂芬了解到……"。用by which引导非限制性定语从句。
④考查动词时态。根据句意可知，表示"了解到篮球的运动方向和准确地投篮"，且事情发生在过去，故用过去将来时would go。
⑤考查副词。根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系可知，此处表示转折，且与句子之间用逗号隔开，故用副词however。
⑥考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为too...to结构，不定式在句中作结果状语。
⑦考查非谓语动词。根据空前的because和空后的句子结构可知，because引导原因状语从句，从句应该用动名词短语作主语。
⑧考查名词。句意：他的创造性和和毅力使他成为了戴维森的明星球员。作主语应用名词。
⑨考查名词复数。根据句子结构可知，空格处作介词beyond的宾语，且表示所有人的预期，故用复数形式。
⑩考查反身代词。根据句意可知，表示"激励人们要相信自己"，believe in oneself 结构中的反身代词用复数形式，指代"人们"。
20、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“‘In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed；it had to develop—because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks, ’...”可知, 运动在20世纪50年代和60年代得到发展是因为人们意识到身体健康的重要性。
21、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“‘Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue, ’Marc Stern wrote in 2008.‘In return for the effort, gym-goers attain the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them.’”可知, 运动可以显示出思想、情感、甚至精神上的健康和美德。由此可知Marc Stern认为很多人喜欢去健身房是为了表现出他们良好的品格。
22、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 选项B、C、D是能够使人们从去健身房中获得满足的因素, 故选A项。
23、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句讲述了体育活动在美国的发展, 第二句讲述了这种发展背后的原因。接下来的段落都在讲述原因。所以文章主要是关于体育活动在美国发展起来的原因的。
24、答案：EACFG
解析：① 细节句。根据空后一句可知,篮球运动员注重力量训练,足球运动员注重速度训练,而田径运动员则通过长跑训练。由此可推断,几乎每一项运动都需要体力活动和具有竞争力的技能。故选E。
②主旨句。根据空后一句可知,运动有助于心理健康,有助于增强信心和提高自我价值。由此可推断,从运动中受益的不仅仅是你的身体。故选A。
③过渡句。C项中的self-worth是前一句中的原词复现,且victory or a loss与后一句中的“Did you win ”呼应,因此C项符合语境。故选C。
④过渡句。根据空前一句可知,参加体育运动的孩子也可能从社交方面受益,感觉自己是群体的一部分,建立责任感和增强领导力;根据空后一句可知,团队合作既包括当一个可靠的队友,又包括学会依靠你的队友来取得一个积极的结果。由此可推断,设空处应承上启下。F项“其中,作为团队的一员学习如何发挥作用是最重要的好处”符合语境。故选F。
⑤细节句。根据本段第一、二句可知,本段主要介绍与纪律相关的内容,这里对本段进行总结,只有遵守严格的纪律,你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功。故选G。