中考英语二轮专题复习：句子成分和五大基本句型 课件

(共31张PPT)
英语句子成分和五大基本句型
2023年11月11日
1.今天有好多事情要做。
Have a try
1.今天有好多事情要做。
Today has a lot of things to do.
I have a lot of things to do today.

英语重结构，汉语重语义
“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。”
--王力
思考：英语句子是词按照一定的语法结构组成的，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。包括：主语/谓语/表语/宾语/宾语补足语/定语/状语
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
定语
补语
表语
句子的成分
学习目标：
1.了解英语主要句子成分和五大基本句型。
2.分析句子成分并能辨别五大基本句型，会简单的英汉互译。
表示句子所说的是
“什么人”或“什么事物”
主 语
Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies.
Three is enough.
Doing the work is hard for him.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
-名词
-代词
-数词
-动名词
-不定式
-主语从句
主语在哪里
The young should respect the old.
Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
What he has said is true.
Seeing is believing.
说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”, 谓语通常是动词。
主谓要一致
谓 语
We love China.
He has a bad cold.
We have finished reading this book.
谓语在哪里
They can speak English well.
助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语
He looked after two boys.
They enjoyed playing computer games.
表示动作, 行为的对象
说明主语“做什么”
宾 语
Can I ask some questions
He is looking at the dog.
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后
宾 语
He gave me two books.
Tom teaches us English.
双宾语
人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语
My brother hasn’t done his homework. A B C D
宾语在哪里
I bought a computer last week.
A B C D
说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 位于系动词之后
表 语
Her mother is a teacher.
The food tastes delicious.
找出表语
Every thing looks nice.
His face turned red.
He is happy.
修饰名词或代词
定 语
She’s a good basketball player.
What’s your name
The girl with long hair is my sister.
找出定语
Some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
The man over there was trying to sleep.　　
A B C D
区分表语和定语
She is outgoing.
She is an outgoing girl.
修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。
状 语
The students followed Uncle Wang
to see the other machines.
He sat there quietly.
找出状语
He began writing when he was eleven.　　　 A B C D
There was a big smile on her face.
　A B C D
用来补充说明宾语的情况
宾语
补足语
We called him Bob.
He asked her to take the boy out of school.
I saw Mr. Wang getting on the bus. A B C D
They call me Lily sometimes.
　A B C D
找出宾补
Summary
句子成分
2
谓语 “做什么” 或“怎么样”，描述主语的动作或状态
3
宾语 动作行为的对象，一般位于动词或介词后面
主语 “什么人”或“什么事”说明谓语所表示的状态或动作的执行者
1
表语“是什么”,”怎么样”，和前面的系动词一起构成谓语
4
5
定语 用来修饰名词或代词
6
状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。表示时间地点方式原因目的结果等。
7
宾补 用来补充说明宾语的情况
练习 分析下列句子结构
Everybody laughed

2.He looks fine.

3.Mary lent me her car.

4.They make him their monitor

5.They stayed in a hotel.

I recognized him just as he got off the bus
He said that learning a foreign language is very important.
The man whom we visited last Sunday is a famous writer.
4.In summer , my parents often ask my younger brother, Jack, not to swim.
5.The boy interested in pop music was sitting there just now .
五大基本句型
1.主+谓 Class begins.
2.主+系+表 This is a book.
3.主+谓+宾 I like English.
4.主+谓+间宾+直宾 He gave me a picture.
5.主+谓+宾+宾补 We keep the classroom clean.
1.鸟会飞。
Birds can fly.
2.他昨晚读了一本有趣的书。
He read an interesting book last night.
3.那听起来有趣。
That sounds interesting/fun.
4.我给我父母买了一些特别的东西。
I bought my parents something special.
5.她总让我开心。
She always makes me happy.
translate
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分
1.The students got on the school bus happily.
主语 定语
2.I bought a nice present for my sister.
宾语
3.His job is to teach the students Chinese.
表语
4.If I have enough money, I will travel around the world.
条件状语
5.The boy has finished his homework.
谓语
判断下列句子类型
Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t beat children.
4. He gave his sister the piano.
5. I found the book easy.
主谓 S+V
主系表S+V+P
主谓宾 S+V+O
主谓宾 S+V+IO+DO
主谓宾宾补 S+V+O+OC
1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
Exercises
Thank you for your listening!