2024届广东四校高三英语联考三评讲课件（附长难句分析）(共58张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届广东四校高三英语联考三评讲课件（附长难句分析）(共58张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-21 22:36:17 | ||
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(共58张PPT)
2023-2024学年第一学期四校联考三英语
第二部分 阅读
第一节 21-23 CBA 24-27 CAAB
28-31 DBCD 32-35 ACDB
第二节 36-40 CFABG
第三部分 语言知识运用
41-45 ACBBC 46-50 DDCDA 51-55 BAACD
56. in 57. jointly prehensive
59. declining 60. has emerged 61. which
62. higher 63. To restore 64. an
65. will be done
A篇词汇
on account of 因为;由于 probably 可能
level up提高 attractive mountains 引人入胜的群山
sound 听起来 terrifying 令人害怕的
on-road 路上的 car-free 无车的 loop 环线
scenic adj.风景优美的;场景布置的
adequate adj.足够的;合格的;合乎需要的 relatively adv.相当地;相对地
trouble-free adj.顺利的;没问题的
on Tuesday mornings 在每个周二上午
be rewarded with获得奖励
high-end accommodation 高端的住宿
a true wonder 一个真正的奇观
cover the shortest distance 占最短距离
second-to-none 举世无双的;首屈一指的
A
You've probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it's time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100km loop (环线)
It may sound terrifying, but Beijing's cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed. In reality, it's the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
This Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work. While it's not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes (车道) on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you'd like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance: 120km loop
It passes a café with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It's a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance: 70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC. It will be a fun ride here.
21. Why was the northern route named“Death Valley”
A. It has deadly loops for cars.
B. It is located in a distant place.
C. There is a large tomb on the route.
D. Numerous accidents had happened along the road.
22. Which of the following covers the shortest distance
A. Death Valley B. Tuesday / Thursday TTT
C. The Verse D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
23. What do the last two routes have in common
A. They both offer a view of historical sites.
B. They both have an adequate bike lanes.
C. They both pass a second-to-none café.
D. They both offer a downhill ride.
√
√
√
1. It may sound terrifying, but Beijing's cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed.
name + sth.+ n. 把...命名为...
She named her teddy bear Betty.
The government named the street after
因为
While it's not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes (车道) on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride.
=which makes .....
连接两个简单句
It's a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
因为
得到...的回报
A篇【导语】本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与自我。本文主要推荐了北京周边适合骑行的四条路线。
21．细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分的Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes可知，这条路线被命名为Death Valley是因为这条路线要经过一个大型坟墓。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据这四条路线的距离可知，Tuesday/Thursday TTT路线骑行距离最短。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据The Verse部分和Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分的内容可知，这两条骑行路线途中，骑行者分别能看到长城和一条历史悠久的大运河。即骑行这两条路线都会经过历史古迹。故选A。
B篇词汇
blow away 给…留下深刻印象;深深打动 on the historic Tea Horse Road 在茶马古道上 an unusual person 非凡的人
he talked to me with great excitement 他兴奋地告诉我 migration迁徙 region 区域 botanist 植物学家 hero-heroes英雄
accompany 陪伴 set out出发 woke up 起床 at sunrise在太阳升起时
set off 出发 in high spirits 兴致勃勃地 at sunset日落时
curious 好奇的 soul 灵魂 biodiversity 生物多样性
antique voices
slow journalism 慢新闻
look back on 回顾come to a realization 开始意识到
for one’s sake 为了…缘故;为…着想
have a knowledge of 了解…
acquaintance n.相识;相识的人 (make one’s acquaintance 结识某人)
build bonds with 与…建立联系
in high spirits 情绪高涨;兴致勃勃
reflect on 回忆;反思;认真考虑
advocate v.提倡;拥护;支持
B
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu- Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures.
24. How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan
A. Puzzled. B. Scared. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
√
25. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A. He had a knowledge of China. B. He was a western journalist.
C. He came to China several times. D. He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance.
26. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A. They built bonds with people. B. They satisfied the locals' curiosity.
C. They set off in high spirits. D. They honored the ancestors.
27. What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text
A. To suggest a new way of travel.
B. To share and reflect on a journey.
C. To advocate protection of biodiversity.
D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
√
√
√
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization.
looking的逻辑主语是I， 与主句一致
省略that
Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet.
A deep reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
=which shortens ....and shares....
We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
and 连接woke , set ,rest三个谓语。
=which drags....
B篇 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。
24．细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“I have to admit.. in the world"可知，作者不得不承认，当第一次听说Paul Salopek要用自己的双脚环游世界时，他被震撼了。他无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。据此可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。“be blown away”是一个英语短语,意思是被深深地震撼、感动或惊叹。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段Paul Salopek的说话内容可知，Paul Salopek是第一次来中国。跟作者讲起作者所在的中国地区的历史、迁移和发现时，Paul很激动。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17 世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马古道，以及20世纪初的美国植物学家Joseph Rock.他还谈到了玄奘。据此可推知，Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选A.
26．推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者和Paul Salopek在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围绕着他们，看着他们:有些人给他们指路:有些人邀请他们去他们家休息:有些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。他们遇见了许多美好的人，朴素的人和温暖的人。据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选A。
27．写作意图题。 通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek,于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者写作的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选B。
C篇词汇
element n.基本部分;要素;元素 unlike 不像
involuntary adj.无意识的;非自愿的 reflect 反映了
convey v.表达;传达;输送（...information）
distinct adj.清楚的,明白的;截然不同的;确实的,确切的
specific adj.明确的;具体的;特定的(...specific meanings)
controversial adj.有争议的
illustrate v.(用事例、图画等)说明/解释;加插图于
underlying adj.根本的;潜在的
intentionality n.意图性;目的性
long-held adj.长期持有的
insufficient adj.不充分的;不够的
C
One key element of human language is semantics(语义). Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, reflecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information. But over the last four decades, numerous studies have shown that various animals have distinct calls with specific meanings.
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking—and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
Two recent studies suggested that the order of some birds' vocalizations may impact their meaning. Though the idea is still controversial, this could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic "dog bites man" vs. "man bites dog" example.
Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds. Most animal communication research has focused on describing signals and behavior, which on the surface can look a lot like human behavior. Determining if the underlying cognitive(认知的) processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another
What was scientists’ long-held belief about animal vocalizations
They conveyed no emotion. B. They were semantically related.
C. They varied greatly with species. D. They expressed no intended meaning.
29. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By providing definition. D. By making comparison.
√
√
30. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. What birds’ vocalizations mean.
B. How rules govern human language.
C. What the two recent studies indicate.
D. How bird’s vocalizations are combined.
31. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. Shared aspects of human and birds’ languages.
B. Focus of most animal communication research.
C. Underlying cognitive processes of birds’ vocalizations.
D. Insufficient knowledge about birds’ communication intentionally.
√
√
Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely.
山雀
乌鸦
鸟声
C篇 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与自然。文章介绍了科学界对鸟类发出的声音是否具有意识的语义功能的研究。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中第二句 “Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, reflecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information.” 可知，科学家们一直以为动物发出的叫声是无意义的。故选D。
29．推理判断题。第二段中，作者通过举例来说明鸟类用不用的呼叫声来应对不同的情况。故选B。
30．代词猜词题。根据第三段第一句可知有两项研究表明鸟类发出的声音的顺序可能决定着其意义。尽管这种想法有争议，但是这相当于人类语言中的句法规则，结合上下文可知，这个“this”代指的是两项研究中所表明的“发生的顺序”与“意义”有关的这件事。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。本段主要告诉我们，因为对鸟类发声意图认知不足，难以了解鸟粪发声的真正原因，以及是否与人类语言真正相似。故选D。
D篇词汇
pace n.步伐;节奏;速度
lap n.(工作或行程中)的一段,环节;(跑道的)一圈;大腿部
video reply 录像回放
upcoming adj.即将来临的
(棒球比赛术语) safe-or-not 安全还是出局 home run calls 本垒打
referee v.仲裁;裁定
disqualify v.使不合格;取消(某人的)资格
对比: unqualified adj.不合格的;没资格的
call n.(比赛中的)裁判/判定
controversy n.争议 (controversial adj.有争议的)
purist n.纯粹主义者;正统主义者
crew n.(轮船/飞机上)全体工作人员
keep…on task 使…专注完成任务
definitely adv.肯定地;明确地 stress out 紧张;有压力
D
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It's called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you've been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it's not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport. But don't you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games I know I do.
Yes, it can slow the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keeping the officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
32. What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2
A. The video replay has been widely used.
B. League games have become competitive.
C. Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D. People are showing more interest in sports than before.
33. What does the underlined word “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Tricking. B. Promoting. C. Damaging. D. Restoring.
34. What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game
A. They relied a lot on the video replay. B. They cared too much about details.
C. They were definitely stressed out. D. They were terribly disqualified.
35. What would be the best title for the text
A. Video replays: high-end technology in sports
B. Is technology like VAR a blessing in sports
C. Officiating: a duty that requires honesty
D. What do qualified referees really mean
√
√
√
√
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase.
随着
Many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it's not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport.
D篇 【导语】本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与社会。文章讨论了：视频助理裁判员真的会让比赛更加公平公正吗？
32. 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，美国国家橄榄球联盟、美国职业棒球大联盟，FIFA世界杯以及肯塔基赛马中都在依靠视频回放作出裁决，由此推知，视频回放在体育赛事中已被广泛使用。故选A。
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境可知，许多纯粹主义者——那些希望人们认真遵守规则，以传统方式做事的人——尤其是在足球运动中，认为这不是这项运动的发明方式，由此可知，许多纯粹主义者对视频回放持否定态度，他们认为视频回放玷污了这项运动。因此，画线词与C项同义。故选C。
34. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls可知，视频回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个十分明显的传球干扰判罚，而这削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气；由此推知，新奥尔良圣徒队会认为这些裁判是不称职的。故选D。
35.标题归纳题。本文主要讨论了视频助理裁判是否真的有利于比赛的开展，故B项为最佳标题。故选B。
七选五词汇
nutritional adj.营养的
multivitamin n.多种维生素
pop a pill 吃一片药
somewhat adv.稍微;有点
take sth for granted 认为…理所当然
sunlight exposure 阳光暴晒
North Pole 北极
a well-functioning brain 运行良好的大脑
still adv.尽管如此;还,仍然;静止地,不动地
It pays to do sth 做某事是值得的
dietary adj.饮食的
Nutritional advice comes from every corner of our world. 36_______. Moreover, we are encouraged to take a multivitamin to fill in any gaps in our diet.
The subject of popping a pill to get the recommended daily allowance (定量) of the various vitamins essential to overall good health may be somewhat controversial. After all, different nutrients may be absorbed at different rates by our bodies. Surely we shouldn't expect one small pill to cover it all. 37________.
One vitamin that is vital for good health in so many ways but is too often taken for granted is vitamin D. 38_____ . So it can be easy to get into the misconception (误解) that Mother Nature is taking care of this aspect of our balanced nutrition.
It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.
Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.
We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.
Often attention to our nutritional balance can improve the situation.
It is essential for strong, healthy bones and a well-functioning brain.
Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.
There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.
C
F
A
While sunlight exposure is beneficial, not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level. Sun exposure near the equator (赤道) is far different from that an Eskimo might receive at the North Pole. 39________. Even in sun-rich areas of the world, people tend to spend much more time indoors to escape the uncomfortable heat produced in sunnier climates.
40 ________. You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver. But when you doubt whether your diet can meet your needs, a good multivitamin may be a good first step in supplying additional vitamins and minerals.
It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.
Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.
We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.
Often attention to our nutritional balance can improve the situation.
It is essential for strong, healthy bones and a well-functioning brain.
Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.
There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.
B
G
七选五
【导语】本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。本文主要向我们介绍了维生素D的功效和来源。
36. C。前一句中的Nutritional advice对应C项中的many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu，且C项与后一句存在递进关系。
37. F。F项与前一句存在让步关系。当然，我们不能指望一小片药就能包治百病。尽管如此，了解多种维生素在保持健康方面的作用还是值得的。
38. A。A项与后一句存在因果关系。它往往与暴露在阳光下有关。因此，我们很容易陷入一种误解，认为大自然正在照顾我们平衡营养的这一方面。A项中的It指代空前的vitamin D。
39. B。B项与前一句存在并列关系，解释空前提到的not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level。
40. G。根据空后的You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver可知，此处指除了大自然之外，还有许多膳食维生素D的来源，故选G项。
完形填空 【导语】本文是记叙文，主题语境人与自我。本文讲述了失明的Marion Sheppard教视力受损的老年人舞蹈，给他们灌输尊严和自立，鼓励他们勇敢面对生活中的挫折。
A 上文提到Sheppard在40多岁失明时哭了，空后提到她从小部分失聪，因此此处表示“难道她从小部分失聪还不够（enough）吗”desperate绝望的，不顾一切的；sorrowful悲伤的,悲痛的；abnormal不正常的,反常的。
C那种挣扎和通常伴随而来的偏见没有打败她，而是使她变得坚强。comment评论,批评; separation离别,分离；prejudice偏见,成见；sympathy同情
B 参见上题解析。tough坚强的;坚韧不拔的;棘手的;艰难的;强硬分;坚固的；sensitive 过敏的;敏感的;体贴的;容易生气的
B 根据上文中”enthusiastic”和“but now she was so scared”可知，以前Sheppard是一个充满热情的舞者，但那时失明让她感到如此害怕以至于她很少离开她的公寓。willingly愿意；rarely很少,不常；constantly持续不断地，经常地；occasionally偶尔,有时。
C 她担心自己在他人面前的形象，故应用“appear看来，露面”
完形填空
When Marion Sheppard was unable to see in her 40s, she cried. Wasn’t it 41 that she’d been partly deaf since childhood That struggle and the 42 that usually came with it didn’t defeat her, but made her 43 .
Sheppard had always been an enthusiastic dancer since childhood, but now she was so scared that she 44 left her apartment. She worried about the way she would 45 to the world. Hard as it was, Sheppard later 46 herself to go out.
A. enough B. desperate C. sorrowful D. abnormal
A. comment B. separation C. prejudice D. sympathy
A. different B. tough C. gently D. sensitive
A. willingly B. rarely C. constantly D. occasionally
A. sound B. relate C. appear D. reply
A. educated B. permitted C. reminded D. forced
√
√
√
√
√
√
At 61, Sheppard attended a camp organized by Visions for blind people, where she taught her first dancing class. She 47 to teach her class there after that. But she was 48 . She soon convinced Visions to let her teach on a 49 basis. About four years later, her classes won so much 50 that Visions hired her to be on staff. Sheppard’s students were mostly seniors whose eyesight had 51 as adults. With confidence-building praise, Sheppard also 52 dignity and independence into them.
A. guaranteed B. prepared C. plotted D. applied
A. interrupted B. evaluated C. declined D. abandoned
A. temporary B. regular C. weekly D. voluntary
A. popularity B. encouragement C. assistance D. advantage
A. recovered B. worsened C. improved D. adjusted
A. drilled B. pressed C. swept D. made
√
√
√
√
√
√
As a way to combine movements with her faith, Sheppard 53 a group called The Blind Sisterhood. What is her 54 for maintaining both physical and mental health despite 55 life throws at her “Keep it moving!”
A. set up B. opened up C. took on D. put on
A. purpose B. wish C. recipe D. effort
A. rewards B. blessings C. surprises D. barriers
√
√
√
46.D 尽管很难，但Sheppard随后强迫自己走出去。educate教导，训练；permit允许，准许；remind提醒， 使想起；force强迫；迫使
47.D 根据语境可知，在那之后，她向Visions申请（applied）在那里授课。guarantee保证，担保；plot v.密谋; 暗中策划 n.情节。
48.C 根据下文中“About four years later...... Visions hired her to be on staff”
可知,这次她被拒绝了。interrupt使中断,打扰；evaluate评估,评价；
decline谢绝,婉拒;下降,衰退；abandon抛弃。
49.D 根据下文可知，此处表示她志愿在那里授课。on a voluntary basis自愿地；temporary暂时的；regular定期的；weekly每周的
50.A 根据下文中的“Visions hired her to be on staff”可知，因为她的课非常受欢迎，所以Visions让她成为一名正式员工。popularity受欢迎,普及,流行；encouragement鼓舞，鼓励；assistance帮助
51.B Sheppard的大多数学生都是老年人,他们的视力在成年时恶化。
worsen变得更糟，恶化；improve改善,改进；adjust调整,适应
52.A drill sth. into sb向某人灌输…… 符合语境
53.A 为了将活动与她的理念结合起来，Sheppard成立了“盲人姐妹会”。
set up设立,建立；open up开门,营业；take on承担(责任);雇佣;呈现
put on穿上;带上;上演;涂抹(化妆品);增加(体重)；打开(开关)。
54.C 面对生活中的重重阻碍，她保持身心健康的诀窍是什么？“保持前进！”purpose目的,意图；recipe方法,秘诀,诀窍; 食谱。
D 参见上题解析。reward奖赏；blessing好事,有益之事;祝福；barrier障碍
语法填空
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国加大了保护和修复长江流域环境的政策力度，采取措施治理工农业污染物，保护草地和湿地。
in 考查介词。句意：put sth in place = put in place sth实施;实现;把…放到合适的位置，故填in。
jointly 考查副词。分析成分，可知released为非谓语动词作定语，前用副词修饰。故填jointly (adv.共同地)
comprehensive 考查词形变化。此处用形容词修饰名词way。故填comprehensive综合的,全面的。
declining 考查现在分词作定语, declining biodiversity不断下降的生物多样性
has emerged 考查谓语动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知此处用现在完成时。emerge: v.出现,浮现;显露;暴露;幸存下来
which 考查非限定性定语从句。分析句子结构，可知此处是引导定语从句，先行词a systemic approach在从句中作主语，故填which。
62.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据上文tighter，可知此处空格应填形容词比较级。故填higher。
63.To restore 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处应填不定式表示目的。“为了恢复长江水生生物多样性”
64.an 考查冠词。make an action plan制定行动计划。故填an
65.will be done 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分，可知that more work 65. _______(do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers 为says的第二个宾语从句。work与do之间是被动关系，根据第一个宾语从句that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make an action plan to save them的时态，第二个宾语从句也应用将来时，故填will be done。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，正在组织题为“My Career, My Life”的生涯规划研讨会。得知你校外教 David有相关工作经验，想邀请他来做一个主题讲座。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
讲座时间和地点；
2. 讲座目的和内容;
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。
参考词汇：研讨会seminar
应用文写作
Dear David,
We are organizing a seminar on career planning for students，with the theme of “My Career, My life". Learning that you have relevant work experience in career planning, I’m writing to earnestly invite you to deliver a lecture for the upcoming seminar.
As scheduled, the event will take place in the lecture hall from 2 pm to 4 pm next Friday. To offer guidance on career planning, you are expected to share practical advice and typical examples that will help students do self-analysis, set realistic goals, and decide on possible paths to achieve their aspirations. We wonder if you could share with us some practical experience concerning how to set short-term and long-term goals and determine the careers most suitable for ourselves. Your precious experience and advice, ranging from assessing individual competences to examining occupational values will be highly appreciated.
We would appreciate it greatly if you could come and offer professional guidance to us.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was an extremely shy girl in primary school and couldn't make friends easily.
My teacher, Mr. Doocy, called my mother and explained that I hadn’t spoken a single word in class.
I watched the free and happy interaction of my classmates with envy.
Mom tried to excuse my behavior as something that I would outgrow. But Mr. Doocy was still quite concerned about me.
谓1 and 谓2
同位语
主语
谓1 and 谓2 +that 宾语从句
主语 +谓语 + 宾语 +状语
辩解，解释
He asked Mom if I had something at home that I liked.
He said he would arrange a show-and-tell activity for the class if I brought it to school.
My mom told him about my cat who had given birth to several baby cats about three weeks earlier.
I was crazy about those baby cats.
if宾语从句
something是先行词，that引导定语从句
He said (that)+宾语从句
if条件状语从句
先行词是cat,who引导定语从句
非常喜欢
Then Mr. Doocy suggested I bring the baby cats to school the next day and introduce them to my classmates.
It seemed that Mom didn’t think this show-and-tell activity would help me and hoped to discourage Mr. Doocy.
She explained that I would have to bring the mother cat along with the six baby cats because they were too young to be separated from their mother.
She probably thought this would put an end to the plan.
Sb. suggest (that宾语从句) I (should) do....and do...
it seemed that...句型
think (that宾语从句)....
explain that宾语从句....
thought (that)宾语从句....
But Mr. Doocy said that was fine.
I normally walked to school, but my mother drove me the next morning along with a big brown cardboard box.
I struggled to walk toward the classroom with the heavy load.
In no time, the group of baby cats caught the attention of my classmates.
Their eyes lit up in wonder when they caught sight of my tiny treasures.
sb.said that宾语从句
伴有，带有
带有，伴有
吃惊地
时间状语
My heart beat quickly against my chest as pride swelled within me.
I had never felt so important in my entire nine years of life!
Mr. Doocy instructed me to sit on the steps outside the classroom so everyone could get a good look inside the container. “Can I hold one ” a little girl said aloud with excitement. Then all the other children chimed in like a choir, begging to hold one of the baby cats.
当
激动地，兴奋滴
instruct sb,to do..指导某人做某事
主语+谓语，非谓语（doing）
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I nodded and said, “Yes.”
Mr. Doocy glanced at me and reminded me to say something about my cats.
what did I do ( I handed the kittens to...)
what did the classmates do ( They gently held kittens, petting(抚摸) them gently and observing them....Mr. Doocy also...)
What happened next (, after which, Mr. Doocy walked me to the steps...)
Mr. Doocy glanced at me and reminded me to say something about my cats.
What did I do
What did I feel
What did the classmates do
What happened next
Standing in front of the class, I really had butterflies in my stomach, not knowing where to begin....
My classmates were all staring at me and listening attentively....
A surge of pride and confidence rose inside me, I raised my voice.
After that class, I proudly sat among my classmates with a new sense of achievement.
第二节 读后续写
I nodded and said, “Yes.” Then I, with great caution, handed the baby cats one by one to my expectant and excited classmates. They gently held kittens in turn cautiously, as if they were holding the most delicate find art in the world, petting(抚摸) them gently and observing them. Soon, the school bell rang. But all of us turned a deaf ear to it and no one moved or wanted to enter the classroom,— even Mr. Doocy! He allowed us to sit there until each student had a turn holding the cats. Then, he walked me to the front of the classroom and waited for the students to come in and sit down. Still excited, my classmates like chirping birds were exchanging ideas about the lovely kittens until Mr. Doocy hushed(使安静下来) them.
With everyone sitting in the classroom, Mr. Doocy invited me to say something about my cats. Standing in front of the class, I really had butterflies in my stomach, palms sweaty, no knowing where to start. Mr. Doocy began to ask some questions and I began to tell how the mother cat loved and looked after her babies, what kind of “home” I designed for them, etc. My classmates were all staring at me and listening attentively, dancing in their eyes were the admiration that I had never expected. A surge of pride and confidence rose inside me, I raised my voice. After that class, I proudly sat among my classmates with a new sense of achievement. And my interaction with other kids increased. How much I appreciated the help of Mr. Doocy and my lovely cats! But for them, I would probably still be that inordinately shy girl I used to be.
2023-2024学年第一学期四校联考三英语
第二部分 阅读
第一节 21-23 CBA 24-27 CAAB
28-31 DBCD 32-35 ACDB
第二节 36-40 CFABG
第三部分 语言知识运用
41-45 ACBBC 46-50 DDCDA 51-55 BAACD
56. in 57. jointly prehensive
59. declining 60. has emerged 61. which
62. higher 63. To restore 64. an
65. will be done
A篇词汇
on account of 因为;由于 probably 可能
level up提高 attractive mountains 引人入胜的群山
sound 听起来 terrifying 令人害怕的
on-road 路上的 car-free 无车的 loop 环线
scenic adj.风景优美的;场景布置的
adequate adj.足够的;合格的;合乎需要的 relatively adv.相当地;相对地
trouble-free adj.顺利的;没问题的
on Tuesday mornings 在每个周二上午
be rewarded with获得奖励
high-end accommodation 高端的住宿
a true wonder 一个真正的奇观
cover the shortest distance 占最短距离
second-to-none 举世无双的;首屈一指的
A
You've probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it's time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100km loop (环线)
It may sound terrifying, but Beijing's cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed. In reality, it's the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
This Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work. While it's not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes (车道) on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you'd like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance: 120km loop
It passes a café with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It's a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance: 70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC. It will be a fun ride here.
21. Why was the northern route named“Death Valley”
A. It has deadly loops for cars.
B. It is located in a distant place.
C. There is a large tomb on the route.
D. Numerous accidents had happened along the road.
22. Which of the following covers the shortest distance
A. Death Valley B. Tuesday / Thursday TTT
C. The Verse D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
23. What do the last two routes have in common
A. They both offer a view of historical sites.
B. They both have an adequate bike lanes.
C. They both pass a second-to-none café.
D. They both offer a downhill ride.
√
√
√
1. It may sound terrifying, but Beijing's cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed.
name + sth.+ n. 把...命名为...
She named her teddy bear Betty.
The government named the street after
因为
While it's not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes (车道) on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride.
=which makes .....
连接两个简单句
It's a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
因为
得到...的回报
A篇【导语】本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与自我。本文主要推荐了北京周边适合骑行的四条路线。
21．细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分的Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes可知，这条路线被命名为Death Valley是因为这条路线要经过一个大型坟墓。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据这四条路线的距离可知，Tuesday/Thursday TTT路线骑行距离最短。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据The Verse部分和Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分的内容可知，这两条骑行路线途中，骑行者分别能看到长城和一条历史悠久的大运河。即骑行这两条路线都会经过历史古迹。故选A。
B篇词汇
blow away 给…留下深刻印象;深深打动 on the historic Tea Horse Road 在茶马古道上 an unusual person 非凡的人
he talked to me with great excitement 他兴奋地告诉我 migration迁徙 region 区域 botanist 植物学家 hero-heroes英雄
accompany 陪伴 set out出发 woke up 起床 at sunrise在太阳升起时
set off 出发 in high spirits 兴致勃勃地 at sunset日落时
curious 好奇的 soul 灵魂 biodiversity 生物多样性
antique voices
slow journalism 慢新闻
look back on 回顾come to a realization 开始意识到
for one’s sake 为了…缘故;为…着想
have a knowledge of 了解…
acquaintance n.相识;相识的人 (make one’s acquaintance 结识某人)
build bonds with 与…建立联系
in high spirits 情绪高涨;兴致勃勃
reflect on 回忆;反思;认真考虑
advocate v.提倡;拥护;支持
B
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu- Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures.
24. How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan
A. Puzzled. B. Scared. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
√
25. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A. He had a knowledge of China. B. He was a western journalist.
C. He came to China several times. D. He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance.
26. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A. They built bonds with people. B. They satisfied the locals' curiosity.
C. They set off in high spirits. D. They honored the ancestors.
27. What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text
A. To suggest a new way of travel.
B. To share and reflect on a journey.
C. To advocate protection of biodiversity.
D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
√
√
√
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization.
looking的逻辑主语是I， 与主句一致
省略that
Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet.
A deep reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
=which shortens ....and shares....
We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
and 连接woke , set ,rest三个谓语。
=which drags....
B篇 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。
24．细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“I have to admit.. in the world"可知，作者不得不承认，当第一次听说Paul Salopek要用自己的双脚环游世界时，他被震撼了。他无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。据此可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。“be blown away”是一个英语短语,意思是被深深地震撼、感动或惊叹。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段Paul Salopek的说话内容可知，Paul Salopek是第一次来中国。跟作者讲起作者所在的中国地区的历史、迁移和发现时，Paul很激动。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17 世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马古道，以及20世纪初的美国植物学家Joseph Rock.他还谈到了玄奘。据此可推知，Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选A.
26．推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者和Paul Salopek在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围绕着他们，看着他们:有些人给他们指路:有些人邀请他们去他们家休息:有些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。他们遇见了许多美好的人，朴素的人和温暖的人。据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选A。
27．写作意图题。 通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek,于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者写作的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选B。
C篇词汇
element n.基本部分;要素;元素 unlike 不像
involuntary adj.无意识的;非自愿的 reflect 反映了
convey v.表达;传达;输送（...information）
distinct adj.清楚的,明白的;截然不同的;确实的,确切的
specific adj.明确的;具体的;特定的(...specific meanings)
controversial adj.有争议的
illustrate v.(用事例、图画等)说明/解释;加插图于
underlying adj.根本的;潜在的
intentionality n.意图性;目的性
long-held adj.长期持有的
insufficient adj.不充分的;不够的
C
One key element of human language is semantics(语义). Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, reflecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information. But over the last four decades, numerous studies have shown that various animals have distinct calls with specific meanings.
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking—and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
Two recent studies suggested that the order of some birds' vocalizations may impact their meaning. Though the idea is still controversial, this could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic "dog bites man" vs. "man bites dog" example.
Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds. Most animal communication research has focused on describing signals and behavior, which on the surface can look a lot like human behavior. Determining if the underlying cognitive(认知的) processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another
What was scientists’ long-held belief about animal vocalizations
They conveyed no emotion. B. They were semantically related.
C. They varied greatly with species. D. They expressed no intended meaning.
29. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By providing definition. D. By making comparison.
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√
30. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. What birds’ vocalizations mean.
B. How rules govern human language.
C. What the two recent studies indicate.
D. How bird’s vocalizations are combined.
31. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. Shared aspects of human and birds’ languages.
B. Focus of most animal communication research.
C. Underlying cognitive processes of birds’ vocalizations.
D. Insufficient knowledge about birds’ communication intentionally.
√
√
Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely.
山雀
乌鸦
鸟声
C篇 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与自然。文章介绍了科学界对鸟类发出的声音是否具有意识的语义功能的研究。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中第二句 “Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, reflecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information.” 可知，科学家们一直以为动物发出的叫声是无意义的。故选D。
29．推理判断题。第二段中，作者通过举例来说明鸟类用不用的呼叫声来应对不同的情况。故选B。
30．代词猜词题。根据第三段第一句可知有两项研究表明鸟类发出的声音的顺序可能决定着其意义。尽管这种想法有争议，但是这相当于人类语言中的句法规则，结合上下文可知，这个“this”代指的是两项研究中所表明的“发生的顺序”与“意义”有关的这件事。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。本段主要告诉我们，因为对鸟类发声意图认知不足，难以了解鸟粪发声的真正原因，以及是否与人类语言真正相似。故选D。
D篇词汇
pace n.步伐;节奏;速度
lap n.(工作或行程中)的一段,环节;(跑道的)一圈;大腿部
video reply 录像回放
upcoming adj.即将来临的
(棒球比赛术语) safe-or-not 安全还是出局 home run calls 本垒打
referee v.仲裁;裁定
disqualify v.使不合格;取消(某人的)资格
对比: unqualified adj.不合格的;没资格的
call n.(比赛中的)裁判/判定
controversy n.争议 (controversial adj.有争议的)
purist n.纯粹主义者;正统主义者
crew n.(轮船/飞机上)全体工作人员
keep…on task 使…专注完成任务
definitely adv.肯定地;明确地 stress out 紧张;有压力
D
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It's called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you've been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it's not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport. But don't you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games I know I do.
Yes, it can slow the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keeping the officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
32. What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2
A. The video replay has been widely used.
B. League games have become competitive.
C. Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D. People are showing more interest in sports than before.
33. What does the underlined word “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Tricking. B. Promoting. C. Damaging. D. Restoring.
34. What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game
A. They relied a lot on the video replay. B. They cared too much about details.
C. They were definitely stressed out. D. They were terribly disqualified.
35. What would be the best title for the text
A. Video replays: high-end technology in sports
B. Is technology like VAR a blessing in sports
C. Officiating: a duty that requires honesty
D. What do qualified referees really mean
√
√
√
√
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase.
随着
Many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it's not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport.
D篇 【导语】本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与社会。文章讨论了：视频助理裁判员真的会让比赛更加公平公正吗？
32. 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，美国国家橄榄球联盟、美国职业棒球大联盟，FIFA世界杯以及肯塔基赛马中都在依靠视频回放作出裁决，由此推知，视频回放在体育赛事中已被广泛使用。故选A。
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境可知，许多纯粹主义者——那些希望人们认真遵守规则，以传统方式做事的人——尤其是在足球运动中，认为这不是这项运动的发明方式，由此可知，许多纯粹主义者对视频回放持否定态度，他们认为视频回放玷污了这项运动。因此，画线词与C项同义。故选C。
34. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls可知，视频回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个十分明显的传球干扰判罚，而这削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气；由此推知，新奥尔良圣徒队会认为这些裁判是不称职的。故选D。
35.标题归纳题。本文主要讨论了视频助理裁判是否真的有利于比赛的开展，故B项为最佳标题。故选B。
七选五词汇
nutritional adj.营养的
multivitamin n.多种维生素
pop a pill 吃一片药
somewhat adv.稍微;有点
take sth for granted 认为…理所当然
sunlight exposure 阳光暴晒
North Pole 北极
a well-functioning brain 运行良好的大脑
still adv.尽管如此;还,仍然;静止地,不动地
It pays to do sth 做某事是值得的
dietary adj.饮食的
Nutritional advice comes from every corner of our world. 36_______. Moreover, we are encouraged to take a multivitamin to fill in any gaps in our diet.
The subject of popping a pill to get the recommended daily allowance (定量) of the various vitamins essential to overall good health may be somewhat controversial. After all, different nutrients may be absorbed at different rates by our bodies. Surely we shouldn't expect one small pill to cover it all. 37________.
One vitamin that is vital for good health in so many ways but is too often taken for granted is vitamin D. 38_____ . So it can be easy to get into the misconception (误解) that Mother Nature is taking care of this aspect of our balanced nutrition.
It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.
Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.
We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.
Often attention to our nutritional balance can improve the situation.
It is essential for strong, healthy bones and a well-functioning brain.
Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.
There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.
C
F
A
While sunlight exposure is beneficial, not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level. Sun exposure near the equator (赤道) is far different from that an Eskimo might receive at the North Pole. 39________. Even in sun-rich areas of the world, people tend to spend much more time indoors to escape the uncomfortable heat produced in sunnier climates.
40 ________. You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver. But when you doubt whether your diet can meet your needs, a good multivitamin may be a good first step in supplying additional vitamins and minerals.
It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.
Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.
We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.
Often attention to our nutritional balance can improve the situation.
It is essential for strong, healthy bones and a well-functioning brain.
Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.
There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.
B
G
七选五
【导语】本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。本文主要向我们介绍了维生素D的功效和来源。
36. C。前一句中的Nutritional advice对应C项中的many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu，且C项与后一句存在递进关系。
37. F。F项与前一句存在让步关系。当然，我们不能指望一小片药就能包治百病。尽管如此，了解多种维生素在保持健康方面的作用还是值得的。
38. A。A项与后一句存在因果关系。它往往与暴露在阳光下有关。因此，我们很容易陷入一种误解，认为大自然正在照顾我们平衡营养的这一方面。A项中的It指代空前的vitamin D。
39. B。B项与前一句存在并列关系，解释空前提到的not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level。
40. G。根据空后的You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver可知，此处指除了大自然之外，还有许多膳食维生素D的来源，故选G项。
完形填空 【导语】本文是记叙文，主题语境人与自我。本文讲述了失明的Marion Sheppard教视力受损的老年人舞蹈，给他们灌输尊严和自立，鼓励他们勇敢面对生活中的挫折。
A 上文提到Sheppard在40多岁失明时哭了，空后提到她从小部分失聪，因此此处表示“难道她从小部分失聪还不够（enough）吗”desperate绝望的，不顾一切的；sorrowful悲伤的,悲痛的；abnormal不正常的,反常的。
C那种挣扎和通常伴随而来的偏见没有打败她，而是使她变得坚强。comment评论,批评; separation离别,分离；prejudice偏见,成见；sympathy同情
B 参见上题解析。tough坚强的;坚韧不拔的;棘手的;艰难的;强硬分;坚固的；sensitive 过敏的;敏感的;体贴的;容易生气的
B 根据上文中”enthusiastic”和“but now she was so scared”可知，以前Sheppard是一个充满热情的舞者，但那时失明让她感到如此害怕以至于她很少离开她的公寓。willingly愿意；rarely很少,不常；constantly持续不断地，经常地；occasionally偶尔,有时。
C 她担心自己在他人面前的形象，故应用“appear看来，露面”
完形填空
When Marion Sheppard was unable to see in her 40s, she cried. Wasn’t it 41 that she’d been partly deaf since childhood That struggle and the 42 that usually came with it didn’t defeat her, but made her 43 .
Sheppard had always been an enthusiastic dancer since childhood, but now she was so scared that she 44 left her apartment. She worried about the way she would 45 to the world. Hard as it was, Sheppard later 46 herself to go out.
A. enough B. desperate C. sorrowful D. abnormal
A. comment B. separation C. prejudice D. sympathy
A. different B. tough C. gently D. sensitive
A. willingly B. rarely C. constantly D. occasionally
A. sound B. relate C. appear D. reply
A. educated B. permitted C. reminded D. forced
√
√
√
√
√
√
At 61, Sheppard attended a camp organized by Visions for blind people, where she taught her first dancing class. She 47 to teach her class there after that. But she was 48 . She soon convinced Visions to let her teach on a 49 basis. About four years later, her classes won so much 50 that Visions hired her to be on staff. Sheppard’s students were mostly seniors whose eyesight had 51 as adults. With confidence-building praise, Sheppard also 52 dignity and independence into them.
A. guaranteed B. prepared C. plotted D. applied
A. interrupted B. evaluated C. declined D. abandoned
A. temporary B. regular C. weekly D. voluntary
A. popularity B. encouragement C. assistance D. advantage
A. recovered B. worsened C. improved D. adjusted
A. drilled B. pressed C. swept D. made
√
√
√
√
√
√
As a way to combine movements with her faith, Sheppard 53 a group called The Blind Sisterhood. What is her 54 for maintaining both physical and mental health despite 55 life throws at her “Keep it moving!”
A. set up B. opened up C. took on D. put on
A. purpose B. wish C. recipe D. effort
A. rewards B. blessings C. surprises D. barriers
√
√
√
46.D 尽管很难，但Sheppard随后强迫自己走出去。educate教导，训练；permit允许，准许；remind提醒， 使想起；force强迫；迫使
47.D 根据语境可知，在那之后，她向Visions申请（applied）在那里授课。guarantee保证，担保；plot v.密谋; 暗中策划 n.情节。
48.C 根据下文中“About four years later...... Visions hired her to be on staff”
可知,这次她被拒绝了。interrupt使中断,打扰；evaluate评估,评价；
decline谢绝,婉拒;下降,衰退；abandon抛弃。
49.D 根据下文可知，此处表示她志愿在那里授课。on a voluntary basis自愿地；temporary暂时的；regular定期的；weekly每周的
50.A 根据下文中的“Visions hired her to be on staff”可知，因为她的课非常受欢迎，所以Visions让她成为一名正式员工。popularity受欢迎,普及,流行；encouragement鼓舞，鼓励；assistance帮助
51.B Sheppard的大多数学生都是老年人,他们的视力在成年时恶化。
worsen变得更糟，恶化；improve改善,改进；adjust调整,适应
52.A drill sth. into sb向某人灌输…… 符合语境
53.A 为了将活动与她的理念结合起来，Sheppard成立了“盲人姐妹会”。
set up设立,建立；open up开门,营业；take on承担(责任);雇佣;呈现
put on穿上;带上;上演;涂抹(化妆品);增加(体重)；打开(开关)。
54.C 面对生活中的重重阻碍，她保持身心健康的诀窍是什么？“保持前进！”purpose目的,意图；recipe方法,秘诀,诀窍; 食谱。
D 参见上题解析。reward奖赏；blessing好事,有益之事;祝福；barrier障碍
语法填空
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国加大了保护和修复长江流域环境的政策力度，采取措施治理工农业污染物，保护草地和湿地。
in 考查介词。句意：put sth in place = put in place sth实施;实现;把…放到合适的位置，故填in。
jointly 考查副词。分析成分，可知released为非谓语动词作定语，前用副词修饰。故填jointly (adv.共同地)
comprehensive 考查词形变化。此处用形容词修饰名词way。故填comprehensive综合的,全面的。
declining 考查现在分词作定语, declining biodiversity不断下降的生物多样性
has emerged 考查谓语动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知此处用现在完成时。emerge: v.出现,浮现;显露;暴露;幸存下来
which 考查非限定性定语从句。分析句子结构，可知此处是引导定语从句，先行词a systemic approach在从句中作主语，故填which。
62.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据上文tighter，可知此处空格应填形容词比较级。故填higher。
63.To restore 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处应填不定式表示目的。“为了恢复长江水生生物多样性”
64.an 考查冠词。make an action plan制定行动计划。故填an
65.will be done 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分，可知that more work 65. _______(do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers 为says的第二个宾语从句。work与do之间是被动关系，根据第一个宾语从句that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make an action plan to save them的时态，第二个宾语从句也应用将来时，故填will be done。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，正在组织题为“My Career, My Life”的生涯规划研讨会。得知你校外教 David有相关工作经验，想邀请他来做一个主题讲座。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
讲座时间和地点；
2. 讲座目的和内容;
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。
参考词汇：研讨会seminar
应用文写作
Dear David,
We are organizing a seminar on career planning for students，with the theme of “My Career, My life". Learning that you have relevant work experience in career planning, I’m writing to earnestly invite you to deliver a lecture for the upcoming seminar.
As scheduled, the event will take place in the lecture hall from 2 pm to 4 pm next Friday. To offer guidance on career planning, you are expected to share practical advice and typical examples that will help students do self-analysis, set realistic goals, and decide on possible paths to achieve their aspirations. We wonder if you could share with us some practical experience concerning how to set short-term and long-term goals and determine the careers most suitable for ourselves. Your precious experience and advice, ranging from assessing individual competences to examining occupational values will be highly appreciated.
We would appreciate it greatly if you could come and offer professional guidance to us.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was an extremely shy girl in primary school and couldn't make friends easily.
My teacher, Mr. Doocy, called my mother and explained that I hadn’t spoken a single word in class.
I watched the free and happy interaction of my classmates with envy.
Mom tried to excuse my behavior as something that I would outgrow. But Mr. Doocy was still quite concerned about me.
谓1 and 谓2
同位语
主语
谓1 and 谓2 +that 宾语从句
主语 +谓语 + 宾语 +状语
辩解，解释
He asked Mom if I had something at home that I liked.
He said he would arrange a show-and-tell activity for the class if I brought it to school.
My mom told him about my cat who had given birth to several baby cats about three weeks earlier.
I was crazy about those baby cats.
if宾语从句
something是先行词，that引导定语从句
He said (that)+宾语从句
if条件状语从句
先行词是cat,who引导定语从句
非常喜欢
Then Mr. Doocy suggested I bring the baby cats to school the next day and introduce them to my classmates.
It seemed that Mom didn’t think this show-and-tell activity would help me and hoped to discourage Mr. Doocy.
She explained that I would have to bring the mother cat along with the six baby cats because they were too young to be separated from their mother.
She probably thought this would put an end to the plan.
Sb. suggest (that宾语从句) I (should) do....and do...
it seemed that...句型
think (that宾语从句)....
explain that宾语从句....
thought (that)宾语从句....
But Mr. Doocy said that was fine.
I normally walked to school, but my mother drove me the next morning along with a big brown cardboard box.
I struggled to walk toward the classroom with the heavy load.
In no time, the group of baby cats caught the attention of my classmates.
Their eyes lit up in wonder when they caught sight of my tiny treasures.
sb.said that宾语从句
伴有，带有
带有，伴有
吃惊地
时间状语
My heart beat quickly against my chest as pride swelled within me.
I had never felt so important in my entire nine years of life!
Mr. Doocy instructed me to sit on the steps outside the classroom so everyone could get a good look inside the container. “Can I hold one ” a little girl said aloud with excitement. Then all the other children chimed in like a choir, begging to hold one of the baby cats.
当
激动地，兴奋滴
instruct sb,to do..指导某人做某事
主语+谓语，非谓语（doing）
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I nodded and said, “Yes.”
Mr. Doocy glanced at me and reminded me to say something about my cats.
what did I do ( I handed the kittens to...)
what did the classmates do ( They gently held kittens, petting(抚摸) them gently and observing them....Mr. Doocy also...)
What happened next (, after which, Mr. Doocy walked me to the steps...)
Mr. Doocy glanced at me and reminded me to say something about my cats.
What did I do
What did I feel
What did the classmates do
What happened next
Standing in front of the class, I really had butterflies in my stomach, not knowing where to begin....
My classmates were all staring at me and listening attentively....
A surge of pride and confidence rose inside me, I raised my voice.
After that class, I proudly sat among my classmates with a new sense of achievement.
第二节 读后续写
I nodded and said, “Yes.” Then I, with great caution, handed the baby cats one by one to my expectant and excited classmates. They gently held kittens in turn cautiously, as if they were holding the most delicate find art in the world, petting(抚摸) them gently and observing them. Soon, the school bell rang. But all of us turned a deaf ear to it and no one moved or wanted to enter the classroom,— even Mr. Doocy! He allowed us to sit there until each student had a turn holding the cats. Then, he walked me to the front of the classroom and waited for the students to come in and sit down. Still excited, my classmates like chirping birds were exchanging ideas about the lovely kittens until Mr. Doocy hushed(使安静下来) them.
With everyone sitting in the classroom, Mr. Doocy invited me to say something about my cats. Standing in front of the class, I really had butterflies in my stomach, palms sweaty, no knowing where to start. Mr. Doocy began to ask some questions and I began to tell how the mother cat loved and looked after her babies, what kind of “home” I designed for them, etc. My classmates were all staring at me and listening attentively, dancing in their eyes were the admiration that I had never expected. A surge of pride and confidence rose inside me, I raised my voice. After that class, I proudly sat among my classmates with a new sense of achievement. And my interaction with other kids increased. How much I appreciated the help of Mr. Doocy and my lovely cats! But for them, I would probably still be that inordinately shy girl I used to be.
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