牛津译林版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 1 Lights,camera,action! Grammar and usage课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Section B Grammar and usage
01
基础落实·必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. _______ n.丛林，密林
jungle
2. _____ n.名称，标题；称号；职位名称
title
3. _______ vt.将……认为，看待；注视
regard
4. ______ adj.极好的，了不起的，超级的
super
5. _____ prep.向，朝
onto
6. _______ n.系统；制度，体制
system
7. ______ vt.改编，改写；使适应 vi.适应→_________ adj.适合的；能适应的；可修
改的→__________ n.适应；改编；改编本，改写本
adapt
adaptable
adaptation
8. _______ n.经典作品，名著adj.经典的；古典的→________ adj.传统的;典型的
classic
classical
9. ________ n.解决方法，处理手段；答案→______ vt.解决；解答
solution
solve
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. ____________ 以……为基础
be based on
2. _________ 想要
feel like
3. __________ 伸出
reach out
4. _______________ 在……的帮助下
with the aid of
5. ______________ 被看成是；被认为是
be regarded as
6. ___________ 和……意见一致；同意
agree with
Ⅲ.重点句式
过去分词短语作状语______________________________________________ （它改编自
拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名作品）, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.
Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title
02
重难探究·能力素养全提升
重点词汇——讲练互动
1. adapt vt.改编，改写；使适应 vi.适应
●adapt （oneself） to使（自己）适应……
adapt to适合;适应
adapt...from...根据……改编……
adapt...for...为……改编
be adapted for为……而改写/改编
●adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
●adaptation n.改编本；适应
make adaptations进行调整
①All in all, I hope you can adapt yourself to the new environment and we can become good friends.总之，我希望你能适应新的环境，我们可以成为好朋友。
②In The Legend of Zhenhuan, one of the drama's most moving songs was adapted from a poem written by Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty.在《甄嬛传》中，该剧最感人的歌曲之一就是改编自唐代温庭筠的一首诗。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子
①Up to now, three novels of the writer have been adapted ____ television.
for
②I changed my attitude towards Tom and I soon learned that Tom was quite
_________（adapt）.
adaptable
③The English film is adapted ______ the novel written by David.
from
④We would still face the challenge of adapting ___ climate.
to
⑤理性的人让自己适应世界；非理性的人坚持让世界适应自己。
The reasonable man _________________ the world;the unreasonable one persists in
trying to _________________________.
adapts himself to;
adapt the world to himself
2. regard vt.将……认为，看待；注视
●regard...as...把……视作……
●with/in regard to关于
as regards关于，至于
in this/that regard在这/那方面
without regard to=regardless of不考虑……
give/send my regards （to sb）请代我问候（某人）
●regarding prep.关于
●regardless adv.不顾，不加理会
①Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact travel to undisturbed places.生态旅游通常被认为是前往未受（人类活动）干扰的地方进行（对环境）影响小的旅行。
②If you see Jim, give my regards to him.如果你看到吉姆，请代我问候他。
③With regard to reading, there is a saying that reading makes a wise man.说到读书，有句话叫“读书使人聪明”。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子
①__________（regard） your inquiry, I'm writing to share with you some relative
information.
Regarding
②The company's problems, ___ this regard, are certainly common.
in
③We'd like to send our best ________（regard） to your family.
regards
④Nobody has the right to spit in the street __________（regard） of their social
position or age.
regardless
⑤地震遗址应被当作悲伤的回忆，而不应沦为赚钱的工具。
Earthquake sites _____________________a sad memory rather than a tool to bring in
money.
should be regarded as
重点句式——多维剖析
过去分词短语作状语
【教材原句】Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.它（电影）改编自拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名作品，讲述了一个名叫毛克利的男孩的故事。
●过去分词（短语）作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分, 与谓语表示的动作
或状态几乎同时发生, 或是先于谓语动词的动作发生, 它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一
致。过去分词（短语）作状语时，一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开，常表示时间、条
件、原因、方式、伴随、让步等含义, 相当于一个状语从句。
●过去分词（短语）作状语时，有时为了强调, 前面可用when, while, if, though, as
if, unless, until等，以便使句意更清楚。
①Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a wine shop.韩干出生于初唐时期的一个贫苦家庭，年少时不得不在酒馆帮工来维持家庭生计。
②Not impressed with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them.对你们产品的质量印象不佳，我当然不会建议其他人购买。
③Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进入体育场。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①Deeply _______（move） by the movie, the children began to cry.
moved
②________（lock） up, he had no way to escape.
Locked
③She walked out of the house, _________（follow） by her little daughter.
followed
④The girl from London was attracted by the beauty and she decided to spend
another two days on the farm.
→______________________, the girl from London decided to spend another two days
on the farm.（过去分词短语作状语）
Attracted by the beauty
03
语法冲关·语言规则全理清
主谓一致
情景导入
Recently there has been a lot of discussion in your newspaper about preserving the past. Everyone is talking about how important it is to spend time and money preserving historical buildings and sites.
Well, I have one question. What about all the people living in the world who have no food to eat and no place to live They are more important than ancient civilizations that have disappeared. The money that has been given to researchers who explore ruins of the past could be better spent on helping poor people all around the world. What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present We should pay more attention to the problems that we have today and what kind of solutions we are going to find.
【语法感悟】
观察以上短文中的黑体部分可知，在英语句子里，谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
语法精讲
一、语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有益。
【温馨提示】
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数，则主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书。
2.and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both eggs and milk are good for your health.鸡蛋和牛奶都对你的健康有好处。
【温馨提示】
（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and doctor is speaking at the meeting.这位作家兼医生正在会上发言。
（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a （an）, many a（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Many a man and （many a） woman is working hard to raise a family.很多男人和女人都在努力工作来养家。
3.主语为单数名词或代词时，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等连接的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语用复数形式。
The teacher, together with many students, is playing basketball on the playground.这位老师和很多学生一起在操场上打篮球。
4.either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
【温馨提示】
（1）在口语中，当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。
（2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of us is/are entirely blameless in this matter.在这件事上，我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。
5.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
【温馨提示】
在定语从句中, 若先行词为“one of +复数名词”形式, 其定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。若先行词为“the only one of +复数名词”形式，则定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是通过这次考试唯一的学生。
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通过这次考试的学生之一。
【即学即练】完成句子
①父亲和他的三个孩子每个星期天下午都会去结冰的河面上滑冰。
The father as well as his three children ____________ on the frozen river every
Sunday afternoon.
goes skating
②举办奥运会对一个国家来说是一笔丰富的奖赏。
_____________________________ a rich prize for a country.
To hold the Olympic Games is
③许多大企业都是从小企业发展起来的。
Many a large and big business _________________ from small ones.
has been built up
④我们两个都没有接受过正规训练。
_________________ gone through regular training.
Neither of us has
⑤他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
Whether they would support us ______________.
was a problem
二、意义一致原则
意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1.表示度量（如：时间、重量、长度、价值等）时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie.当你在享受一部非常好的电影时, 两小时是很短的时间。
2.当主语是 news，mathematics, politics, physics 等一类词时，谓语动词要用单数形式；而当主语是goods, clothes, earnings, remains和belongings等一类词时, 谓语动词用复数，但如果这些名词前有a/the pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.政治常常是我们讨论的话题。
3.“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich in the past.过去, 穷人常被富人瞧不起。
4.what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来定。
All is silent on the island now.现在这个岛上一片寂静。
All are here.大家都到了。
5.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
My family means everything to me.对我来说，家庭意味着一切。
My family have lived in this house for generations.我家祖祖辈辈都住在这座房子里。
【温馨提示】
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately.警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。
6.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球上四分之三的地方被水覆盖。
The number of students in this school is increasing.这所学校的学生人数在增加。
A small number of people have applied for the job.有少数几个人申请了这份工作。
【即学即练】完成句子
①这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，大多数的市民是黑人。
One third of the country ____________________ and the majority of the citizens
________________.
is covered with trees
are black people
②这条裤子是我妹妹的。 我的正在洗。
This pair of trousers ___________________.Mine are being washed.
belongs to my sister
③许多游客喜欢参观中国的长城。A number of tourists ______________________ the
Great Wall of China.
like visiting/like to visit
④警方给提供有关那个失踪男孩信息的人提供悬赏。
The police ____________ a reward to anyone who can give information about the
lost boy.
are offering
⑤昨晚我到家时，我的家人在看电视。
When I got home last night, my family __________________.
were watching TV
三、就近原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also..., ... or ...连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常与离谓语动词较近的名词或代词的单复数形式保持一致。
Neither she nor I am going to the city.她和我都不打算去城里。
Not only my father but also all of us are looking forward to meeting my uncle.不仅我父亲, 而且我们所有人都盼望着见到我叔叔。
2.there be结构中如果有多个并列主语，那么be动词应与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a pen and several books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
【即学即练】完成句子
①不是你就是他来做这件事。
________________________ the work.
Either you or he is to do
②课桌上有一本书，几支钢笔和一盒粉笔。
________________, some pens and a box of chalk on the desk.
There is a book
③不是汤姆的父母而是汤姆想明天去钓鱼。
Not Tom's parents but Tom __________________ tomorrow.
wants to go fishing
④不光是你，汤姆上课也经常迟到。
_________________________________________ to class.
Not only you but also Tom often comes late
⑤他不对，你也不对。
__________________ are right.
Neither he nor you