【中考夺分译林牛津版】2015英语中考夺分课件 语法精点击-专题12简单句

课件58张PPT。专题12 简单句 　专题12 　简单句┃考点直击 ┃●1　陈述句
陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子，包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：
1．be 动词的否定式： 在be动词后面加否定词not。如： We aren't classmates. 我们不是同班同学。
2．情态动词的否定式： 在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如：
I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。
3．实义动词的否定式： 借助助动词do/does/did构成。一般现在时的句子的否定结构为“主语＋doesn‘t/don’t＋动词原形＋其他”。如：He doesn't do exercise every day.
他不是每天都做锻炼。 专题12 　简单句●2　疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。疑问句分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
1．一般疑问句： 通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如：
—Are you tired? 你累吗？
—Yes, I am. 是的，我累。专题12 　简单句2．选择疑问句： 提出两个或两个以上的可能答案供对方选择。如：
Shall we go home or stay here for the night?
我们回家还是待在这里过夜？
3．特殊疑问句： 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如：
What do you like most? 你最喜欢什么？专题12 　简单句4．反意疑问句： 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述部分)，后一部分是简短的提问(即问句部分)，中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要保持一致。
中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下：专题12 　简单句(1)陈述部分为“Let us…”时，问句部分习惯上用“will you？”；陈述部分为“Let's…”时，问句部分习惯上用“shall we？”。如：
Let us go to the cinema, will you?
让我们去看电影好吗？
Let's go to the cinema, shall we?
咱们去看电影，好吗？专题12 　简单句(2)陈述部分为“There (Here)＋ be ＋主语”时，问句部分用“be＋not＋there (here)？”形式。如：
There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?
盘子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？
(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
She seldom goes swimming, does she?
她很少去游泳，是吗？专题12 　简单句(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如：
Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?
那台电脑出问题了，不是吗？
(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they保持一致。如：
Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he?
有人在敲门，不是吗？专题12 　简单句(6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) don't think (believe, suppose, consider等)＋that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：
I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he?
我认为他没有按时完成工作，不是吗？专题12 　简单句(7)陈述部分含有由un-， im-， in-， dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：
It is unfair, isn't it?
这不公平，不是吗？专题12 　简单句(8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，问句部分可用“will you/won't you？”； 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，问句部分只能用“will you？”。 如：
Don't make any noise, will you?
不要制造噪声，好吗？专题12 　简单句●3　祈使句
祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。其否定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：
1．动词原形＋其他。如：
Be careful. 小心。
2．Do＋动词原形(加强语气)。如：
Do be careful next time. 下次要小心。
3．加please的祈使句(语气更加客气和礼貌)。如：
Open the door, please. 请打开门。专题12 　简单句●4　感叹句
感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！如：
What a difficult question it is!
多么难的一个问题啊！
(2)What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：What useful information！多有用的信息啊！专题12 　简单句2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How kind they are！他们多和蔼啊！
(2)How＋陈述句(主语＋谓语)！如：
How time flies！时间飞逝！专题12 　简单句3．what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如：
What a good girl！＝How good the girl is!
多好的女孩啊！专题12 　简单句●5　倒装句
1．副词位于句首时。here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时句子要倒装，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等。这种倒装结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词时则不能完全倒装。如：
Here he comes. 他来了。专题12 　简单句2．only在句首强调状语时。如：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。专题12 　简单句3．以so/neither/nor开头的句子。说明前面的内容也适用于后者时用倒装句“so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。如：
John can't swim, neither can I.
约翰不会游泳，我也不会。专题12 　简单句┃考点过关┃
●　基础过关
句型转换
1．Our school is beautiful.(改为感叹句)
________ ________ our school is!
2．Diana made great success in her research because she put her effort into it. (改为简单句)
Diana made great success in her research ________ ________ her effort.beautiful　 Howof because3．The children have never done that before.(改为反意疑问句)
The children have never done that before, _____ ______？
4．There are fifty students in our class. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ students are there in your class?
5．Chen Ping received an email last Friday. (改为否定句)
Chen Ping________ ________ an email last Friday. 专题12 　简单句they　 havemany Howreceivedidn't专题12 　简单句(　　)1.[2014·青岛] —________ is it from your home to school?
—It‘s three miles.　　　　　　　　
A．How far B．How long
C．How big D．How high●　中考透视A考查疑问词辨析。句意：“从你家到学校多远？”“三英里。”how far意为“多远”，询问距离的远近；how long意为“多长”，询问时间或者物体的长短；how big意为“多大”，询问物体的体积大小；how high意为“多高”，询问高矮。由答语可知是对距离提问，故选A。专题12 　简单句(　　)2.[2014·乌鲁木齐] —He's already come back to Australia, ________？
—Yes. We watched a movie together last night.
A．isn't he B．doesn't he
C．hasn't he D．has heC考查反意疑问句。问句中的's，是现在完成时态中has的缩写形式；根据反意疑问句“前肯后否”的原则可知选C。专题12 　简单句(　　)3.[2014·黄石] —I'm leaving for Xisai Mountain this afternoon..
—________ you have packed everything.
A．To be sure B．Been sure
C．Being sure D．Be sureD考查祈使句。句意：“今天下午我要去西赛山。”“确保已经打包好所有东西了。”祈使句以动词原形开头，故选D。 专题12 　简单句(　　)4.[2014·随州] —Your sister doesn't get up early, does she?
—________. But she gets up late on weekends.
A．No, she doesn't
B．Yes, she does
C．No, she does
D．Yes, she doesn'tB专题12 　简单句(　　)5.[2014·咸宁] —________ sweet music!
—And I really like the Voice of China TV programmes.
A．What B．What a
C．How D．How aA考查感叹句的用法。句意：“多么优美的音乐啊！”“我是真的喜欢《中国好声音》这档电视节目。”本句的感叹中心词music是不可数名词，故用what引导感叹句。 专题12 　简单句(　　)6.[2014·平凉] —Has your mother ever been to London?
—Yes, and ________．We went together.
A．so have I B．so I have
C．neither have I D．neither I haveA考查倒装句的用法。句意：“你母亲曾经去过伦敦吗？”“是的，我也去过。我们一起去的。”由“We went together”可知“我”也去了。故选A。┃语法专练┃
专题12 　简单句(　　)1.I don't think she will pass the exam, ________？
A．won't she B．will she
C．does she D．doesn't sheB专题12 　简单句(　　)2.—Mr Wang's never been to Canada, has he?
—________. He went there on business last week.
A．No, he hasn't B．Yes, he has
C．No, he has D．Yes, he hasn'tB专题12 　简单句(　　)3.Don't make so much noise, ________？
A．do you B．don't you
C．will you D．won't youC专题12 　简单句(　　)4.You've just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part, ________？
A．shall we B．will you
C．do you D．are youB专题12 　简单句(　　)5.[2014·昆明] —Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going, Dad?
—________. I think it's quite moving and funny.
A．Yes, I have B．No, I haven't
C．Yes, he has D．No, she hasn'tA本题考查情景交际。句意：“你看过节目《爸爸去哪儿》吗？”“看过。我认为它很感人，很有趣。”根据主语you可知用I回答；根据情景可知已经看过了，故选A。 专题12 　简单句(　　)6.[2014·绵阳] —________ do you write an English article for our school newspaper?
—Sometimes.
A．How long B．How often
C．How much D．How farB考查疑问词组的词义辨析。句意：“你多久为我们的校报写一篇英文文章？”“有时。”how long意为“多久；多长”；how often意为“多久一次”；how much意为“多少；多少钱”；how far意为“多远”。sometimes是频度副词，对其提问应用how often。专题12 　简单句(　　)7.—There is nothing else to do, ________？
—No, there isn't. We can have a rest.
A．is there B．isn't there
C．is it D．isn't itA专题12 　简单句(　　)8.[2014·内江] He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ________？
A．does he B．isn't he
C．can't he D．can heD考查反意疑问句的用法。 反意疑问句的规则是“前肯后否”或者是“前否后肯”。题干中的hardly具有否定意义，所以选“前否后肯”，选 D。专题12 　简单句(　　)9.There are more and more foreigners learning Chinese, ________？
A．are there B．aren't there
C．are they D．aren't theyB专题12 　简单句(　　)10.[2014·梅州] ________ play with fire. ________ with fire is dangerous.
A．Don't; Playing
B．Not; Playing
C．Don't; Play
D．Not to; To playA考查否定祈使句和动名词作主语的用法。句意：不要玩火。玩火是危险的。前一句否定祈使句由“Don't＋动词原形”构成；后一句中动词play放在句首充当句子主语，可以用动名词playing或不定式to play的形式，故选A。 专题12 　简单句(　　)11.Nothing is more important than life，________？
A．is it B．isn't it
C．are they D．aren't theyA专题12 　简单句(　　)12.—________ late for school again, Tom.
—Sorry, I promise that I ________.
A．Don't; won't B．Don't be; won't
C．Don't be; don't D．Don't; willB专题12 　简单句(　　)13.________this kind of peach, and you will like it.
A. To try B．Trying
C．Try D．TriedC专题12 　简单句(　　)14.________， because it's bad for your health.
A．Don't to eat too much
B．No eat too much
C．Never eat too much
D．Never eating too muchC专题12 　简单句(　　)15.—________afraid of making mistakes.Failure is the mother of success.
—Thanks for encouraging me.
A．Don't B．Don't be
C．Not be D．Be notB专题12 　简单句(　　)16.[2014·上海] The robot can help me sweep the floor. ________ smart invention it is!
A．What B．What a
C．What an D．HowB考查感叹句的用法。invention是可数名词单数，smart是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此，感叹句使用what a来引导。专题12 　简单句(　　)17.[2014·南京] —________ brave Zhang Hua is!
—Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs Sun, out of the fire.
A．What a B．How
C．How a D．WhatB考查感叹句的用法。句意：张华多么勇敢啊！此处强调形容词brave，用how。专题12 　简单句(　　)18.—________？
—The one on the stage.
A．Who are boys B．Where's the boy
C．Who's that boy D．Which boyD专题12 　简单句(　　)19.—Have you watered the trees?
—________. I'm too busy and forget it.
A．Yes, I did B．Yes, I have
C．No, I didn't D．No, I haven'tD专题12 　简单句(　　)20.________ wonderful news report hewrote! All of us were proud of him.
A．What a B．What
C．How D．How aA专题12 　简单句(　　)21.[2014·黔东南] —________ will your parents come back?
—In a month.
A．How long B．When
C．How soon D．What timeC专题12 　简单句(　　)22.[2014·济南] —________ does Linda want to be when she grows up?
—A tennis player like Li Na.
A．How B．When
C．What D．WhereC考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：“琳达长大后想当什么？”“一名像李娜一样的网球运动员。”根据答语可知，问句是对职业提问。故选C。专题12 　简单句(　　)23.—Look! ________ dirty the water is!
—Yes, we should really take action to deal with it.
A．What a B．What
C．How D．How aC专题12 　简单句(　　)24.—Two________died in the accident.
—________ terrible it is!
A．policemen; How
B．policeman; What
C．police; What
D．policemans; HowA专题12 　简单句(　　)25.—Dad, do you like my picture?
—________！ It's the nicest one I've ever seen!
A．What beautiful
B．How careful
C．How wonderful
D. What wonderful pictureC专题12 　简单句(　　)26.—I have changed my job.
—________.
A．So do I B．So have I
C．So I do D．So I haveB专题12 　简单句(　　)27.—Tom had got high marks in the last exam.
—________， and so did I.
A．So he had B．So had he
C．So he did D．So did heA用“so ＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，的确”。专题12 　简单句(　　)28.If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so ________ I.
A．do　B．am　 C．will　D．shouldC专题12 　简单句(　　)29.Hey, Nick. ________ comes the last bus! Hurry up, or we'll have to walk home.
A．This B．There
C．That D．ItB考查以here/there开头的倒装句。 专题12 　简单句(　　)30.John can't swim, ________ I.
A．so can B．nor can
C．neither can't D．so do B说明前面的否定内容也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。 专题12 　简单句(　　)31.—Would you like to go fishing?
—If Li Ping doesn't go, ________.
A．so do I B．neither I do
C．neither do I D．neither will ID专题12 　简单句(　　)32.Only by taking more exercise________keep healthy.
A．can you B．you can
C．are you D．you areA