外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 3 On the move Using language 教案
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Unit 3 On the move
Using language教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can understand and use various tenses in context.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点：
教学重点：How to understand and use various tenses in context.
教学难点：How to make students have a better understanding of the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师提问。
What basic knowledge should you know to-infinitive about as attributive and adverbial of result
二、While-class
Using Language
1. 学生活动：
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 1 in page 29.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
(Suggested answers:
1. “To play” serves as attributive in sentence (a). It is used to give description.
2. “To attract” serves as adverbial of result in sentence (b). It is used to show result.
3. The first group of sentences uses to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result, while the second group uses attributive and adverbial clauses.
4. Because using to-infinitive makes sentences more concise.)
2. 学生活动：
Fill in the blanks.
1. The position of this table is adjustable ________ (meet) your needs. You can have a try.
2. Since 1978, the amount of money available ________ (buy) books has fallen by 17%.
3. The girls seem ________ (skip) on the playground now. They are training for the match.
4. This watch also involves a voice control setting that enables you ________ (stay) hands-free.
5. Its band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable ________ (wear).
(Suggested answers:
1. to meet 2. to buy 3. to be skipping 4. to stay 5. to wear)
3. 教师活动：语法讲解
一、动词不定式
动词不定式是英语语法的一个重要项目，属于非谓语动词。除了不
能单独作谓语外，动词不定式可用来作句子的主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。本单元语法重点讲解不定式作定语和结果状语。
to是不定式符号，但有时候不带 ,有时候可以省略to。不定式无人称和数的变化,虽然不能单独作句子的谓语,但它具备动词的基本特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语，
有时态和语态的变化。
不定式具有动词特征,因此有一般式、完成式、进行式等时态形式，以及主动式、被动式两种语态形式。
它的各种形式如下表所示(以动词 do 为例)：
时态形式 语态形式
主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing ——
否定形式在不定式符号to前面加not
（一）不定式的一般式(一般体)
不定式的一般式用得最多,通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。但在很多情况下,不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后。
I am very glad to meet you here again.
在这儿再次见到你我非常高兴。
He decided to buy a new car.
他决定买一辆新汽车。
（二）不定式的完成式(完成体)
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,强调动作的先后顺序。
The fire was thought to have started in an upstairs room.
火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。
（三）不定式的完成式(完成体)
不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
She seems to be worrying about something. (= It seems that she is worrying about something.)
她似乎正在担心什么事。
Don't pretend to be working hard. Just do what you should.
不要假装在努力工作。只做你该做的事。
提示：不定式与谓语动词表示的时间关系分析
1. 一般式：It seems to rain this afternoon.
一般式往往表示其动作在谓语动词之后发生。例句说明，“今天下午看起来要下雨”,rain应在seem之后发生。
2. 进行式:It seems to be raining outside.
进行式往往表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生例句说明，“外面好像正在下雨”(指在室内听见外面有下雨的声音或迹象),rain和seem同时发生。
3. 完成式:It seems to have rained last night.
完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例句说明，“昨晚好像下了雨”(指早晨起床后发现地面潮湿,有下雨的迹象,才做出如此判断),rain 发生在seem之前。
（四）不定式的被动式
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时要用其被动形式。分别举例如下：
1. The students want to be sent to work in the countryside. (与主语是被动关系)
2. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. (与宾语是被动关系)
3. He is a man to be trusted. (与表语是被动关系)
4. I'm sorry for you to have been injured in the accident. (与不定式逻辑主语 you 是被动关系)
（五）不定式的否定式
通常情况下,不定式的否定式是在to之前加not。
I've already told you not to come over.
我已经告诉你别过来了。
They took a vote and decided not to do it.
他们进行了表决，决定不做这件事。
（六）不定式复合结构和逻辑主语
不定式都有自己的逻辑主语,它可能是句子的主语宾语或表语。如果都不是,则用 for 引出新的逻辑主语,即for sb.to do sth.。这类带有逻辑主语的不定式,称为“不定式复合结构”。
1. 逻辑主语是句子中的某个成分。
I have several e-mails to send today. (to send的逻辑主语是I)
今天我有些电子邮件要发。
The teacher encourages the boy student to study harder.
老师鼓励那位男生更加努力地学习。(to study的逻辑主语为the boy student)
2. 由for引出不定式的逻辑主语。
It's common for leaves to fall from the trees in autumn. (作主语)
在秋季树叶从树上落下来,这是很平常的。
This decision is for you to make. (作表语)
这个决定由你来做。
There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. (作定语)
有许多困难等待我们去克服。
He put the newspaper on the desk for you to read. (作目的状语)
他把报纸放在桌子上让你看。
3. 由of引出不定式的逻辑主语。
在It is +adj.+ to do sth.结构中，如果形容词描述逻辑主语的性质、品质、特征，用of引出逻辑主语。这时，逻辑主语与前面的形容词存在主表关系。
It is kind of you to help us. (= You are kind to help us.)
你帮助我们真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man. (= You were silly to trust such a man.)
你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。
It is selfish of him not to do anything for the orphans. (= He is selfish not to do anything for the orphans.)
他很自私,不愿为孤儿们做点事。
It's unfair of you to say such things about her. (= You are unfair to say such things about her)
你这样说她太不公平了。
二、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式的主要语法作用是作句子的主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。下面着重讲解不定式作定语。
动词不定式作定语，须用在名词或代词之后。不定式和被修饰词存在几种逻辑关系，主要有以下四种:
1. Mary was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系)
2. John said he had an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系)
3. He hopes to be offered a job to drive for a boss. (同位关系)
4. This is the best way to solve the problem. (动状关系)
以上 4 句,不定式虽然都是作定语,但与被修饰词之间的关系却不尽相同。
第一句: the first girl和 to work out the problem 是“主谓关系”--“女孩解决问题”。
She is always the first person to come and the last to leave.
她总是第一个来,最后一个走。
第二句:to attend和an important meeting是“动宾关系”--“参加会议”。
Have you got anything to do this evening
今晚你有事情做吗
第三句: to drive for a boss和a job是一种“同位关系”。在这种关系中，不定式描述被修饰词的内容，可以转换为主语和表语的关系: To drive for a boss is a job. “为老板开车是一项工作。”
Her dream to go to college has come true at last.
她的上大学的梦想终于实现了。
第四句:to solve the problem 和the best way是“动状关系”。所谓动状关系，意思是不定式动作的实施借助the best way这个方式，即to solve the problem in the best way。常见的可跟动词不定式作定语的这类名词还有 time, place, reason, decision, chance, opportunity, attempt, effort, right, ability 等。
This is a suitable place to live.
这是一个适合居住的地方。
1. 在动宾关系中,如果不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词,且不可省略。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗家有一所舒服的房子住。
Here is some paper for you to write on.
这儿有些纸，你可以在上面写。
2. 不定式作定语,虽然被修饰词与不定式存在被动关系，但是，句子的另一个成分与不定式有主谓关系,这时,不定式要用主动形式,不用被动形式。
The travellers had nothing to eat that day. (正)
The travellers had nothing to be eaten that day. (误)
I'll give you an interesting book to read. (正)
I'll give you an interesting book to be read. (误)
Would you bring me some paper to write on (正)
Would you bring me some paper to be written on (误)
3. 有时候，如果把不定式的主动形式改为被动形式，意思会发生很大变化。
There is nothing to do.无事可做。(暗示“无聊感”)
There is nothing to be done.不能做什么了。(暗示“束手无策”)
There is nothing to see.没有值得看的东西。
There is nothing to be seen.什么东西也看不见。
I will find something to eat.我要找点吃的。(自己吃)
I will find something to be eaten.我要找点吃的。(自己或别人吃)
三、动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作状语,主要表示原因、目的、结果、条件等,还可以作评论性状语。
不定式作结果状语，常用于 too...to..., enough...to..., so...as to..., such...as to...结构中。
1. too...to... 太……而不……
She is too excited to say anything.
她激动得说不出话来
The bag is too heavy for me to carry.
这个袋子太重了，我提不动。
2. enough...to... 足够……而能够……
Is that room big enough to seat all of us
那个房间足够大能容得下我们所有的人吗
She was brave enough to do what she wanted to.
她足够勇敢以至于做了她想做的事情。
3. so...as to... 如此……以至于……
We have got so much food as to treat our guests.
我们有如此充裕的食物,足以招待我们的客人。
He was so brave as to do what he did.
他如此勇敢以至于做了此事。
4. such...as to... 如此……以至于……
She was such a brave woman as to do what she did.
她是如此勇敢的人以至于做了此事。
She is such a timid woman as to be afraid of mice.
她是个如此胆小的人,以至于害怕老鼠。
5. 如果表示出人意料的结果，不定式前常有only
She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.
她匆忙赶到车站却被告知火车已经走了。
She raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed.
她飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。
6. 表示谓语动词的动作发生后产生的结果
She woke up in the night to find her dark room lit by flashing lights.
她夜里醒来,发现黑暗的房间被闪烁的灯光照亮了。
The driver looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across the road.
司机向两边看了看，结果没有发现什么东西过来，然后就开车过了马路。
4. 学生活动：完成练习
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 3 in page 29.
DX Sports Watch
Are you looking for a sports watch that can help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress
Whether you're a professional athlete or keen sportsperson, DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for you. It has a digital display that records your steps, speed and distance, as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt. It also has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear.
DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today!
(Suggested answers:
that can help you keep track of ---- to help you keep track of
that records your steps, speed and distance ---- to record your steps, speed and distance
that enables you to stay hands-free ---- to enable you to stay hands-free
so that it is comfortable to wear ---- to be comfortable to wear)
5. 学生活动：完成练习。
1. Get the students to look at the pictures and match the descriptions to the exercises in Activity 4 on Page 30.
2. Get the students to show their answers and correct with them.
(Answers:
1-c 2-a 3-d 4-b)
三、After-class
Work in pairs. Retell the passage using the to-infinitive form as many as possible.
四、Summary
重点词汇：available, balance, involve, response
重点语法：动词不定式作定语和结果状语
五、Homework
After class, draw a mind map about to-infinitive about as attributive and adverbial of result.
2
Using language教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can understand and use various tenses in context.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点：
教学重点：How to understand and use various tenses in context.
教学难点：How to make students have a better understanding of the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师提问。
What basic knowledge should you know to-infinitive about as attributive and adverbial of result
二、While-class
Using Language
1. 学生活动：
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 1 in page 29.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
(Suggested answers:
1. “To play” serves as attributive in sentence (a). It is used to give description.
2. “To attract” serves as adverbial of result in sentence (b). It is used to show result.
3. The first group of sentences uses to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result, while the second group uses attributive and adverbial clauses.
4. Because using to-infinitive makes sentences more concise.)
2. 学生活动：
Fill in the blanks.
1. The position of this table is adjustable ________ (meet) your needs. You can have a try.
2. Since 1978, the amount of money available ________ (buy) books has fallen by 17%.
3. The girls seem ________ (skip) on the playground now. They are training for the match.
4. This watch also involves a voice control setting that enables you ________ (stay) hands-free.
5. Its band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable ________ (wear).
(Suggested answers:
1. to meet 2. to buy 3. to be skipping 4. to stay 5. to wear)
3. 教师活动：语法讲解
一、动词不定式
动词不定式是英语语法的一个重要项目，属于非谓语动词。除了不
能单独作谓语外，动词不定式可用来作句子的主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。本单元语法重点讲解不定式作定语和结果状语。
to是不定式符号，但有时候不带 ,有时候可以省略to。不定式无人称和数的变化,虽然不能单独作句子的谓语,但它具备动词的基本特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语，
有时态和语态的变化。
不定式具有动词特征,因此有一般式、完成式、进行式等时态形式，以及主动式、被动式两种语态形式。
它的各种形式如下表所示(以动词 do 为例)：
时态形式 语态形式
主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing ——
否定形式在不定式符号to前面加not
（一）不定式的一般式(一般体)
不定式的一般式用得最多,通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。但在很多情况下,不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后。
I am very glad to meet you here again.
在这儿再次见到你我非常高兴。
He decided to buy a new car.
他决定买一辆新汽车。
（二）不定式的完成式(完成体)
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,强调动作的先后顺序。
The fire was thought to have started in an upstairs room.
火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。
（三）不定式的完成式(完成体)
不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
She seems to be worrying about something. (= It seems that she is worrying about something.)
她似乎正在担心什么事。
Don't pretend to be working hard. Just do what you should.
不要假装在努力工作。只做你该做的事。
提示：不定式与谓语动词表示的时间关系分析
1. 一般式：It seems to rain this afternoon.
一般式往往表示其动作在谓语动词之后发生。例句说明，“今天下午看起来要下雨”,rain应在seem之后发生。
2. 进行式:It seems to be raining outside.
进行式往往表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生例句说明，“外面好像正在下雨”(指在室内听见外面有下雨的声音或迹象),rain和seem同时发生。
3. 完成式:It seems to have rained last night.
完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例句说明，“昨晚好像下了雨”(指早晨起床后发现地面潮湿,有下雨的迹象,才做出如此判断),rain 发生在seem之前。
（四）不定式的被动式
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时要用其被动形式。分别举例如下：
1. The students want to be sent to work in the countryside. (与主语是被动关系)
2. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. (与宾语是被动关系)
3. He is a man to be trusted. (与表语是被动关系)
4. I'm sorry for you to have been injured in the accident. (与不定式逻辑主语 you 是被动关系)
（五）不定式的否定式
通常情况下,不定式的否定式是在to之前加not。
I've already told you not to come over.
我已经告诉你别过来了。
They took a vote and decided not to do it.
他们进行了表决，决定不做这件事。
（六）不定式复合结构和逻辑主语
不定式都有自己的逻辑主语,它可能是句子的主语宾语或表语。如果都不是,则用 for 引出新的逻辑主语,即for sb.to do sth.。这类带有逻辑主语的不定式,称为“不定式复合结构”。
1. 逻辑主语是句子中的某个成分。
I have several e-mails to send today. (to send的逻辑主语是I)
今天我有些电子邮件要发。
The teacher encourages the boy student to study harder.
老师鼓励那位男生更加努力地学习。(to study的逻辑主语为the boy student)
2. 由for引出不定式的逻辑主语。
It's common for leaves to fall from the trees in autumn. (作主语)
在秋季树叶从树上落下来,这是很平常的。
This decision is for you to make. (作表语)
这个决定由你来做。
There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. (作定语)
有许多困难等待我们去克服。
He put the newspaper on the desk for you to read. (作目的状语)
他把报纸放在桌子上让你看。
3. 由of引出不定式的逻辑主语。
在It is +adj.+ to do sth.结构中，如果形容词描述逻辑主语的性质、品质、特征，用of引出逻辑主语。这时，逻辑主语与前面的形容词存在主表关系。
It is kind of you to help us. (= You are kind to help us.)
你帮助我们真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man. (= You were silly to trust such a man.)
你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。
It is selfish of him not to do anything for the orphans. (= He is selfish not to do anything for the orphans.)
他很自私,不愿为孤儿们做点事。
It's unfair of you to say such things about her. (= You are unfair to say such things about her)
你这样说她太不公平了。
二、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式的主要语法作用是作句子的主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。下面着重讲解不定式作定语。
动词不定式作定语，须用在名词或代词之后。不定式和被修饰词存在几种逻辑关系，主要有以下四种:
1. Mary was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系)
2. John said he had an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系)
3. He hopes to be offered a job to drive for a boss. (同位关系)
4. This is the best way to solve the problem. (动状关系)
以上 4 句,不定式虽然都是作定语,但与被修饰词之间的关系却不尽相同。
第一句: the first girl和 to work out the problem 是“主谓关系”--“女孩解决问题”。
She is always the first person to come and the last to leave.
她总是第一个来,最后一个走。
第二句:to attend和an important meeting是“动宾关系”--“参加会议”。
Have you got anything to do this evening
今晚你有事情做吗
第三句: to drive for a boss和a job是一种“同位关系”。在这种关系中，不定式描述被修饰词的内容，可以转换为主语和表语的关系: To drive for a boss is a job. “为老板开车是一项工作。”
Her dream to go to college has come true at last.
她的上大学的梦想终于实现了。
第四句:to solve the problem 和the best way是“动状关系”。所谓动状关系，意思是不定式动作的实施借助the best way这个方式，即to solve the problem in the best way。常见的可跟动词不定式作定语的这类名词还有 time, place, reason, decision, chance, opportunity, attempt, effort, right, ability 等。
This is a suitable place to live.
这是一个适合居住的地方。
1. 在动宾关系中,如果不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词,且不可省略。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗家有一所舒服的房子住。
Here is some paper for you to write on.
这儿有些纸，你可以在上面写。
2. 不定式作定语,虽然被修饰词与不定式存在被动关系，但是，句子的另一个成分与不定式有主谓关系,这时,不定式要用主动形式,不用被动形式。
The travellers had nothing to eat that day. (正)
The travellers had nothing to be eaten that day. (误)
I'll give you an interesting book to read. (正)
I'll give you an interesting book to be read. (误)
Would you bring me some paper to write on (正)
Would you bring me some paper to be written on (误)
3. 有时候，如果把不定式的主动形式改为被动形式，意思会发生很大变化。
There is nothing to do.无事可做。(暗示“无聊感”)
There is nothing to be done.不能做什么了。(暗示“束手无策”)
There is nothing to see.没有值得看的东西。
There is nothing to be seen.什么东西也看不见。
I will find something to eat.我要找点吃的。(自己吃)
I will find something to be eaten.我要找点吃的。(自己或别人吃)
三、动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作状语,主要表示原因、目的、结果、条件等,还可以作评论性状语。
不定式作结果状语，常用于 too...to..., enough...to..., so...as to..., such...as to...结构中。
1. too...to... 太……而不……
She is too excited to say anything.
她激动得说不出话来
The bag is too heavy for me to carry.
这个袋子太重了，我提不动。
2. enough...to... 足够……而能够……
Is that room big enough to seat all of us
那个房间足够大能容得下我们所有的人吗
She was brave enough to do what she wanted to.
她足够勇敢以至于做了她想做的事情。
3. so...as to... 如此……以至于……
We have got so much food as to treat our guests.
我们有如此充裕的食物,足以招待我们的客人。
He was so brave as to do what he did.
他如此勇敢以至于做了此事。
4. such...as to... 如此……以至于……
She was such a brave woman as to do what she did.
她是如此勇敢的人以至于做了此事。
She is such a timid woman as to be afraid of mice.
她是个如此胆小的人,以至于害怕老鼠。
5. 如果表示出人意料的结果，不定式前常有only
She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.
她匆忙赶到车站却被告知火车已经走了。
She raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed.
她飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。
6. 表示谓语动词的动作发生后产生的结果
She woke up in the night to find her dark room lit by flashing lights.
她夜里醒来,发现黑暗的房间被闪烁的灯光照亮了。
The driver looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across the road.
司机向两边看了看，结果没有发现什么东西过来，然后就开车过了马路。
4. 学生活动：完成练习
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 3 in page 29.
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(Suggested answers:
that can help you keep track of ---- to help you keep track of
that records your steps, speed and distance ---- to record your steps, speed and distance
that enables you to stay hands-free ---- to enable you to stay hands-free
so that it is comfortable to wear ---- to be comfortable to wear)
5. 学生活动：完成练习。
1. Get the students to look at the pictures and match the descriptions to the exercises in Activity 4 on Page 30.
2. Get the students to show their answers and correct with them.
(Answers:
1-c 2-a 3-d 4-b)
三、After-class
Work in pairs. Retell the passage using the to-infinitive form as many as possible.
四、Summary
重点词汇：available, balance, involve, response
重点语法：动词不定式作定语和结果状语
五、Homework
After class, draw a mind map about to-infinitive about as attributive and adverbial of result.
2