定语从句

课件47张PPT。GrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause一、朗读下列句子, 注意体会从句的用法。
1. This is the man who/that helped me yesterday.
2. The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.
3. I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.
4. This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.
5. He has a book whose cover is very beautiful.
6. I met a boy whose father was a astronaut.
7. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
8. The school where I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.
9. The reason why he was late was that he missed his train. 二、定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一_____或________的从句叫定语从句，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫___________。引导定语从句的词叫__________。关系词有 _________和_________。归纳总结名词代词关系词先行词关系代词关系副词who/thatwhich/thatwho(m)/thatwhosewhose/of whichwhenwherewhythat/in which/--2. 关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A、引导定语从句；
B、指代先行词；
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3. 选择关系词的两条重要依据：
① 先行词是人还是物？
② 在从句中作何种句子成分？三、定语从句中要注意的几个知识点：
Task 1: 当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that 而不用which:
① All that can be done has been done.
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.
当先行词是指物的不定代词 all，little，few， much，any，anything，everything， nothing，none，the one时, 或先行词被all，little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时；② This is the best that has been used against pollution.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the only，the very等修饰时；③ They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.
先行词包括人和物时；④ Shanghai isn't the city that it used to be 60 years ago.
→ He is no longer the man ______ he used to be.
⑤ Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 当先行词是系动词be后面表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时that当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时注意： 先行词是one, ones或anyone时;先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时Task 2: “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等, 且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时, 一般可用“介词+which” 替代when, where, why来引导定语从句, 其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。
I still remember the day when ( ______ which ) I first came to school.
This is the reason why ( _____ which) he was late.
The school where (______ which) he once studied is very famous.介词的正确选择: 1). 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择2). 根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。3). 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系onforin2. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
先行词指人时只能用_______, 先行词指物时只能用 ______, 关系代词是所有格时用whose
1）The man (who/whom/—)my father is talking with now is a policeman.
= The man ______ _______ my father is talking now is a policeman.
2）Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ _______ you asked.whomwhichwhomwithforwhich3）The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
= The manager ______ ______company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
inwhose注意： 1）. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.
2). “不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。
① China has a lot of islands, one of _______ is Diaoyu.
② There are a lot of students here, none of _______ like the film. (正) （误）whichwhom3). “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。
① I saw some trees, the leaves of _______ (= whose leaves ) were black with disease.
② He mentioned a book, the title of _______(= whose title) I’ve forgotten. whichwhichTask3: 关系代词与关系副词的选择
比较以下三组句子：
A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.
I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.
C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.
This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.特别提醒： 当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时, 不一定填关系副词when, where, why, 只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时, 才会用关系副词, 否则要用关系代词。The news _____ our team won the game was true.
The news _____ he told me yesterday was true.
同位语从句定语从句解释说明无义无份
但不能省略修饰限制可作主、宾、表语，
作宾语时可省略∧Task4: 定语从句与同位语从句thatthat I have a hope that all of you will go to college.
2. I hate the fact that he told me.
3. I hate the fact that he always tells lies.
4. I will never forget the day when I saw the movie.
5.I have no idea when the movie was on.同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句判断下列同位语从句和定语从句1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ were built close to each other.
2. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _______ life has developed gradually.
thatwhere3. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.where灵活运用
4. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.
that5. I’ll never forget the day _____ I spent my holiday in Hawaii.
6. I’ll never forget the day ___________ I spent there. when(which/that)7. The school _______ I learned English was very large.
where8. The school _________ I visited yesterday was very large.
which/that9. The reason __________ he gave for not coming was that his mother didn’t allow him to.
10. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _______ uses it somewhat differently.
which/thatwhich11. The newly built café, the walls of ______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.which12. The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.whom
13. She was educated at Beijing university, ______which she went to have her advanced study abroad. after14. Water is very important for us, ________ which we can’t live.without15. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ___ whom she could turn for help.to16. He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose the control over his car.
当先行词为case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where.
17. She was pleased with the way ___________ he had accepted her criticism.
18. She has two brothers ______ are working in the city.
19. She has two brothers, _____are working in the city.whowho当
先行词
为
case
，
condition
，
situation
，
position
，
point
，
stage
等名词，表示情况、
方面、处境时用关系副词
where.wherein which/that/ 非限制性定语从句构成：+,+先行词She has two brothers, (who are working in the city).+其他部分起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词 /
整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开有that 无that 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略不可以省略关系词的指代关系√√主语 宾语主语 宾语定语√√√宾语指代整个主句关系副词(where, when)的指代关系√√时间状语地点状语that, why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tipAs引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首, 指代整个的主句。常译为“正如”。介词+whichTask1: which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1. As is known to us all, Tai Wang Island is part of China. (不可用which)
2. David, as you know, is a photographer. (不可用which)
3. He is honest, as/which we can see.
which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。4. Li Ming was late, which(=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. (不可用as)
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。
as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。
5. He married her, which was unexpected. (不可用as)
as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但 which 不受此限制。
as
在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有
be
或别的系动词，但
which
不受此限制。
as常用于固定搭配中：
as is often the case (这是常有的事),
as we expected(不出所料);
as often happens(正如经常发生的那样);
as is known to all (众所周知);
as has been said before (如上所述);
as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。Task2: as引导定语从句，多与such和the same连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。 1).Such people as you describe are rare
nowadays.
2).Let’s discuss only such questions as
concern every one of us.
3).Would you please buy me the same novel
as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum?
比较：
She wore the same dress that she wore at
Marry’s wedding. This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.
A. as B. that
C.the one D. A&B
比较：
...the same pen as I lost.
... the same pen that I lost.
Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______ Greek letters.
A. as, are B. as, is
C. that, are D. that, is表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 . 主从复合句是广东高考语法填空的必考点，也是写作中必用的表达手段。
解题方法: 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子), 且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，应填关联词; 若其中一个句子是作整个句子的一个成分，如定语、状语(如时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等)，或者主语、宾语、表语、同位语等时，就要填引导从句的关联词。
根据一个句子在整个句子中所作句子成分确定从句类型后, 就根据该类从句的关联词的使用特点确定具体的关联词。主从复合句与广东高考一、请根据以上所学, 完成以下历年高考试题。
1. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away ______ there was a garage. 07
2. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. 08
3. Jane paused in front of a counter _______ some attractive ties were on display. 09
4. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher. 10wherethatwherewho5. Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, ... 11
6. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _______ made her feel like a star . 12
7. Nick’s guests, ______ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 13
8. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _______ we watched some people play volleyball. 14whichwhowherewhom1. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _______ it will keep for two or three weeks. where2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset.which3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream.when二、灵活运用：4. The school shop, _______ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.whose5. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather.which6. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
7. ___is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 8. The result of the experiment was very good, ______ we hadn’t expected.AsAswhich 三、语篇运用
It was the summer of 2012, ________［1］ I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, ________［2］ I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of _______［3］ looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason ________［4］ I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my classmates here, two of _______［5］ are my best friends. Jack, ______［6］ comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among ________［7］he likes running very much. whenwherewhichwhywhomwhowhich He will run 5 kilometers every day, ________［8］ makes him look strong. Nick, _______［9］ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things ______［10］ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food _______［11］ is made in our canteen. The teacher ________［12］ he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.whichwhosethatthatwhom四、定语从句在写作中的简单应用
1. 类型： 娱乐节目 entertainment program
来自：湖南卫视TV station播出 （broadcast）
内容：星爸和萌娃一起旅行
影响： 深受全国人民欢迎“ where are we going, Dad?” is an entertainment program.
The program is broadcast in Hunan TV station.
In the program, star fathers and children travel around the country.
The program is popular with all people.
“Dad, where are we going?” which is an entertainment program is broadcast in Hunan TV station.
In the program, which is popular with people，
star fathers and their children travel around the country。 “Dad, where are we going” an entertainment program broadcast in Hunan TV station is popular with people, in which star fathers and their children travel around the world.2. 根据下列内容,运用定语从句写一篇五句话的文章介绍中国.
①.众所周知,中国面积广阔,是世界第三大国.
②. 中国有56个民族,其中汉族人(the Han Ethnic) 占94%
③.中国有许多大河流,其中长江,黄河是最重要的河流.
④ 曾有一段时间,中国的经济落后于世界许多国家.
⑤. 随着经济的增长,中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返,所有中国人都为此感到自豪.1.众所周知,中国面积广阔,是世界第三大国.As is known to all, China with a large area, is the third largest country in the world. 2. 中国有56个民族,其中汉族人(the Han Ethnic) 占94%The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities, 94% of which are the Han Ethnic Group.3.中国有许多大河流,其中长江,黄河是最重要的河流. There are many big rivers in China, the most important of which are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
4.曾有一段时间,中国的经济落后于世界许多国家.There was a time when Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world. With the development of the economy, the days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon, which all Chinese are proud of.
5. 随着经济的增长,中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返,所有中国人都为此感到自豪.