牛津译林版（2019） 必修 第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature课件(共141张PPT)

(共141张PPT)
Unit 4
Exploring literature
In this unit, you are going to:
read an article about the wonder of literature
write a letter to recommend books to the school library
read an excerpt from a classic work of literature
make a poster about a famous writer
Welcome to the unit
Classics can stand the test of time. Read the excerpts below from two famous works of literature and discuss the following questions in pairs.
经典经得起时间的考验。阅读以下两部著名文学作品的节选，并成对讨论以下问题。
My meaning simply is, that whatever I have tried to do in life, I have tried with all my heart to do well; that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely; that in great aims and in small, I have always been thoroughly in earnest.
David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens
我的意思很简单，无论我在生活中试图做什么，我都全心全意地努力做好；无论我投入了什么，我都完全投入了；无论目标是大还是小，我都非常认真。查尔斯·狄更斯的《大卫·科波菲尔》
You can never have too much sky. You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad. Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky.
你永远不会有太多的天空。你们可以在天空中睡着，也可以醉醺醺地醒来，当你们悲伤的时候，天空可以保护你们的安全。这里有太多的悲伤，却没有足够的天空。
Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful. Still, we take what we can get and make the best of it. The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros
蝴蝶也很少，花和大多数美丽的东西也是如此。尽管如此，我们还是会尽我们所能，充分利用它。
Sandra Cisneros的《芒果街上的房子》
1 Which of the excerpts makes you feel like reading the whole book Why
以下哪一段节选让你觉得想读完整本书？为什么？
2 What is your favourite work of literature Why
你最喜欢的文学作品是什么？为什么？
Reading
Literature leads us into a new world full of imagination, The article below describes the wonder of literature. Before you read the article, think about the following questions:文学把我们带入了一个充满想象的新世界。下面的文章描述了文学的奇迹。在阅读本文之前，请思考以下问题：
What qualities do you think a great work of literature should have
你认为一部伟大的文学作品应该具备哪些品质？
What are some of the benefits of reading literature
阅读文学有哪些好处？
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. Suddenly he heard strange, low, musical sounds.
一个孩子和一个男人在海滩上散步时，孩子发现了一个贝壳，并把它放在耳边。突然，他听到奇怪的、低沉的音乐声。
These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them with wonder. Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange, and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears. What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.
这些声音被认为来自另一个世界，孩子惊讶地听着。然后，这名男子解释说，孩子没有听到任何奇怪的声音，炮弹发出的一系列声音对人来说太微弱了。让孩子惊讶的不是一个新世界，而是古老的音乐。
Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature. Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic.
当我们开始研究文学时，我们会有一些这样的经验。让一首小曲打动耳朵，让一本好书打动心灵，我们就会发现一个新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔法的世界。
To enter and enjoy this new world, we need to love literature, and make an effort to explain it. Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
要进入并享受这个新世界，我们需要热爱文学，并努力解释它。每本书的背后都是一个男人，男人的背后是种族，种族的背后是自然和社会环境。
We must know all these, if the book is to speak its whole message. In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.
如果这本书要传达它的全部信息，我们必须知道所有这些。总之，我们现在已经到了一个希望欣赏和理解文学的地步。第一步是确定它的一些重要品质。
The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty.
文学的第一个品质是对真与美的描写。
Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.
一些真相和美丽一直被忽视，直到一个敏感的人类灵魂引起我们的注意，就像外壳反映出未被注意的声音一样。
A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass; but a poet stops, looks deeper, sees truth and beauty, and writes, “Yesterday's flowers am I.”
一百个人走过一片田野，看到的只是枯草；但诗人停下来，看得更深，看到了真理和美丽，并写道：“昨天的花是我。”
One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.
读过它的人能够看到以前隐藏在眼睛之外的美丽。
The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says.
文学的第二个品质是它对我们的情感和想象力的吸引力。它的吸引力更多地在于它唤醒我们的东西，而不是它所说的。
When Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen, “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships ”
克里斯托弗·马洛饰演的浮士德医生当着海伦的面问道：“这是发射一千艘船的脸吗？”
he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
他打开了一扇门，让我们的想象力进入一个新的世界，一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的世界。
The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its permanence.
文学的第三个品质，来自于另外两个品质，是它的永恒性。
To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.
要做到这一点，它应该包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。
Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature--love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope.
好的文学反映了人性最基本的东西——爱与恨、快乐与悲伤、恐惧与希望。
It also takes on a personal style--no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
它也具有个人风格——没有一个作家能够在描述人类生活时不反映自己的生活和经历。
In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul
总之，文学是以真与美的形式表现生活的，是人类思想感情的书面记录，是人类灵魂的历史
(Adapted from William J. Long's English Literature: Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English-Speaking World)
（改编自威廉·J·朗的《英语文学：它的历史及其对英语世界生活的意义》）
A Understanding the text
A1 Read the article and complete the chart below about the three qualities of literature.
阅读这篇文章，并完成下面关于文学的三个品质的图表。
A2 Read the article again carefully and answer the following questions.
仔细再读一遍这篇文章，并回答以下问题。
1 What does “them" in line 3 refer to
________________________________________
2 What do we need to do in order to enter and enjoy the new world mentioned in the second paragraph
________________________________________
3 Why does the author give the example of a poet
________________________________________
4 What is universal about good literature according to the author
________________________________________
A3 In pairs, discuss the following questions.
两人一组，讨论以下问题。
1.How is the story of the child and the man related to the topic of literature
孩子和男人的故事与文学主题有什么关系？
2 Judge your favourite Chinese work of literature by the three qualities in the article. How does it measure up
根据文章中的三个特点来判断你最喜欢的中国文学作品。它的尺寸如何？
B Building your language
B1 The passage below is about a classic work of plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
下面这段话讲的是一部经典的文学作品。用下面方框中单词和短语的正确形式完成文章。
One important feature of classic literature is that it often (1)____________ author's own experiences and can therefore help us understand the important issues of his or her time.
This is one reason why the best works of literature still (2)____________ readers long after they were written. Cao Xueqin's A Dream of an Red Mansions, one of the most (3) ____________ novels in Chinese literature, is a good example of this.
Its storyline follows the fall of a large wealthy family much like the author's own. No doubt drawing on his own experiences, Cao Xueqin gives a detailed (4) __________ of what life was like at that time.
The novel a great number of details such as what the upper class wore an date. It also describes the social relations in 18th-century China.
小说中有很多细节，比如上流社会约会时穿的衣服。它还描述了18世纪中国的社会关系。
As a result, readers (6) __________ better understanding the gap between rich and poor, men and women, the learned and the uneducated in the historical context.
Cultural and historical (7) __________ like these make A Dream of Red Mansions a timeless classic.
(8) ____________, we can learn much about a specific period in history from classic literature.
B2 The article uses several synonyms (words with the same or nearly the same meaning)and antonyms (words with opposite meanings).
这篇文章使用了几个同义词（意思相同或几乎相同的词）和反义词（意思相反的词）。
Find more pairs of synonyms and antonyms in the article and think of more on your own.
在文章中找到更多的同义词和反义词，并自己思考更多。
B3 The article gives examples to explain ideas more clearly to the reader. Find the examples in the article and give an example to support the idea below.
这篇文章列举了一些例子，以便更清楚地向读者解释观点。找到文章中的例子，并给出一个例子来支持下面的想法。
Learn this
Examples are useful in that they support your argument or help explain an idea that may be difficult for the reader to understand.
例子很有用，因为它们支持你的论点或有助于解释读者可能难以理解的想法。
Try to give proper examples when you express an opinion.
当你表达观点时，试着举出恰当的例子。
Some people believe that classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today. However, this is not true.
有些人认为经典是古老而无聊的，与今天的生活无关。然而，事实并非如此。
Grammar and usage
Modal verbs
A Exploring the rules
Below is a website article about how to choose books. Find the sentences that use modal verbs and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.
“What shall I read ” You might have asked yourself this question more than once. If you are not sure what to read, you can get ideas from different sources, but it is also important to develop your own taste.
“我该读什么？”你可能不止一次问自己这个问题。如果你不确定该读什么，你可以从不同的来源获得想法，但培养自己的品味也很重要。
To start with, ask your friends, parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read. Most people will be happy to share their favourite books with others.
首先，请你的朋友、父母和老师推荐你应该读的书。大多数人都乐于与他人分享他们最喜欢的书。
Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
老师们尤其可以为在图书馆或书店很容易找到的有趣的读物提供建议。
You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
你也可以在报纸、杂志或网上阅读书评。书评经常能告诉你一本书是否值得一读。
These ideas should point you in the right direction. However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
这些想法应该为你指明正确的方向。然而，你也必须自己决定读什么样的书。
You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.
你不必因为每个人都推荐一本书就去读。
Instead, look for books on topics that interest you. Take time to look through the collections in different sections of your local library, and you are likely to come across books you love to read.
相反，找一些你感兴趣的书。花点时间浏览一下当地图书馆不同区域的藏书，你很可能会发现你喜欢读的书。
Over time, you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more.
随着时间的推移，你可能会发现自己能够更好地找到符合自己口味的书，并更加喜欢阅读。
Working out the rules
Modal verbs can express ability or necessity. They can also make suggestions or describe the probability of an event. The same modal verb can have different functions.
情态动词可以表达能力或必要性。他们还可以提出建议或描述事件发生的概率。同一个情态动词可以有不同的功能。
Modal verbs can be followed by____________________
*You can choose more than one answer for the blank.
B Applying the rules
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
对于以下三组句子，勾选与其他两组不同的语气动词使用的句子。
B2 Below is an entry in a student's reading plete the entry with the correct modal verbs in the brackets.
下面是学生阅读日记中的一个条目。用括号中正确的情态动词填空。
When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol,
I thought, “I(1)____________(can't/shouldn't) read this!
It (2)_________________(has to/must) be very boring!” Surprisingly, it turned out the exact opposite.
I (3)_________________((could/might) not stop turning the pages!
The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. He hates all kinds of celebrations.
On Christmas Eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. In the end, he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes.
Then he decides that he (4) _____________(might/must) change himself. On Christmas morning, he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner. He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them.
There is something that (5) ___________ (can/must) be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we (6) ___________ (should/may) treat others with kindness, generosity and love. I think everyone (7) ___________would/ought to) read this book.
B3 In pairs, make rules for your school library using modal verbs. Use the following examples to help you.
两人一组，用情态动词为学校图书馆制定规则。使用以下示例来帮助您。
Examples
You must not bring food or drinks.
你不能带食物或饮料。
You cannot take the books out of the reading room.
你不能把书带出阅览室。
Integrated skills
Recommending books to the school library
A The president of the school Book Club, Gary, is introducing some popular types of literature. Read the PPT slides below and try to understand the features of each type.
学校读书俱乐部主席加里正在介绍一些流行的文学作品。阅读下面的PPT幻灯片，试着理解每种类型的特点。
B After Gary's introduction, the school librarian asked the Book Club members to recommend some books. Watch the video and finish the exercises below.
经过加里的介绍，学校的图书管理员请读书俱乐部的成员推荐一些书。观看视频并完成下面的练习。
B1 Watch the video and complete the chart below. You may write more than one type in each blank.
观看视频并完成下面的图表。你可以在每个空白处写多个类型。
B2 Watch the video again and complete the notes below.
再次观看视频并完成下面的笔记。
C In pairs, talk about the types of books that you think the school library should buy. Use the following ideas and expressions to help you.
两人一组，讨论你认为学校图书馆应该购买的书籍类型。使用以下想法和表达方式来帮助您。
Types of books you want the library to buy
您希望图书馆购买的书籍类型
Reasons for recommending each type
推荐每种类型的原因
Examples of each type of book
每种类型书籍的示例
Expressions
Making recommendations
I'd recommend/suggest ..
If you ask me, I'd pick/choose/go for ...
I believe ... would be a better choice.
I think ... would be better/more effective than ...
My favourite books are ..., to name a few.
D Write a letter to the school library to recommend books. Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.
给学校图书馆写封推荐书。利用你在C部分的想法以及A和B部分的信息来帮助你。
Planning your writing计划写作
Learning about the structure了解结构
When writing a formal letter to recommend books, you can follow the structure below:
当你写一封正式的推荐信时，你可以按照下面的结构：
Begin by clearly stating the purpose of the letter.
首先明确说明信件的目的。
Explain what types of books you want to recommend and the reasons.
解释一下你想推荐什么类型的书以及推荐的原因。
End the letter by stating the result you wish to see.
在信的结尾说明你希望看到的结果。
Learning about the format
When you write a formal letter, you should begin with Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Mr/Miss/Mrs/Ms ... and end with Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely.
Learning about the language
学习语言
Use formal language instead of spoken language.
使用正式语言而不是口语
Avoid using contracted forms like I'm and he's.
避免像我和他那样使用合同形式。
Checking your writing 检查你的写作
Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner. Pay attention to the following aspects:
记得在你写完后检查你的写作，并在你和你的搭档之间交换草稿。注意以下几个方面：
Extended reading
Read the introduction to Ernest Hemingway and his novel The Old Man and the Sea. Then read the excerpt from the novel.
阅读欧内斯特·海明威及其小说《老人与海》的简介。然后阅读小说节选。
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), an American writer of novels and short stories, is well thought of for his unique writing style. 欧内斯特·海明威（1899—1961），美国小说和短篇小说作家，以其独特的创作风格而闻名于世。
He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”
他非常善于描述硬汉的冒险经历，他认为这些硬汉“可以被摧毁，但不能被击败”
The Old Man and the Sea, one of his most important novels, tells the story of a fisherman named Santiago.
他最重要的小说之一《老人与海》告诉了一个名叫圣地亚哥的渔夫的故事。
After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days. Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.
在空手而归八十四天后。圣地亚哥试图抓一条巨大的鱼。
The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving. The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.
这条鱼正绕着他的圈子游来，现在看起来平静而美丽，只有它的大尾巴在动。老人竭尽全力把他拉近。
For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he straightened himself and began another circle.
就在那一刻，那条鱼有点侧着身子。然后他挺直腰杆，又转了一圈。
“I moved him” the old man said.“I moved him then.”
“我感动了他”老人说。“我当时感动了他。”
He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could I moved him, he thought.
他现在又觉得昏倒了，但他尽全力抓住了那条大鱼。
Maybe this time I can get him over. Pull, hands, he thought. Hold up, legs. Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went. This time I’ll pull him over.
也许这次我能把他救回来。拉，手，他想。站起来，腿。最后，头。对我来说是最后一次。你从来没有去过。这次我要把他拉过来。
But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.
但当他竭尽全力，在鱼靠近并用尽全力拉动之前就开始了，鱼拉了一半，然后扶正并游走了。
“Fish," the old man said. “Fish, you are going to have to die anyway. Do you have to kill me too ”
“鱼，”老人说，“鱼，你无论如何都得死。你也得杀了我吗？”
That way nothing is accomplished, he thought. His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.
他想，那样什么也做不成。他的嘴太干了，说不出话来，但他现在够不到水了。
I must get him alongside this time, he thought. I am not good for many more turns. Yes you are, he told himself. You're good for ever.
他想，这次我一定要把他带到身边。我不适合再转很多圈。是的，你是，他告诉自己。你永远都是好人。
On the next turn, he nearly had him. But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.
在下一个转弯处，他差点把他撞倒。但是鱼又一次挺直了身子，慢慢地游走了。
You are killing me, fish, the old man thought. But you have a right to. Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, e on and kill me I do not care who kills who.
你在杀我，鱼，老人想。但你有权利。我从来没有见过比你更伟大、更美丽、更平静、更高尚的东西，兄弟。来吧，杀了我，我不在乎谁杀了谁。
Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. You must keep your head clear. Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man. Or a fish, he thought.
他想，你现在脑子里都乱了。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持头脑清醒，知道如何像男人或鱼一样受苦，他想。
“Clear up, head,” he said in a voice he could hardly hear. “Clear up.”
“醒醒，头，”他用几乎听不见的声音说。“清理一下。”
Twice more it was the same on the turns.
两次转弯时都是一样的。
I do not know, the old man thought. He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time. I do not know. But I will try it once more.
我不知道，老人想。他每次都觉得自己快要走投无路了。我不知道。但我会再试一次。
He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish. The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
他又试了一次，当他把鱼翻过来的时候，他感觉自己快要死了。鱼挺直身子，又慢慢地游了出去，大尾巴在空中摆动。
I'll try it again, the old man promised, although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.
“我会再试一次，”老人保证道，尽管他的手现在很软，只能在闪光中看得很清楚。
He tried it again and it was the same. So he thought, and he felt himself going before he started; I will try it once again.
他又试了一次，结果还是一样。他这样想，在出发之前就感觉自己在走；我会再试一次。
A In pairs, discuss the following questions.
1 How would you describe the old man's character Support your view with details from the excerpt.
你如何描述这位老人的性格？用摘录中的详细信息支持您的观点。
2 What do you think of Hemingway's writing style Use examples from the excerpt to support your view.
你觉得海明威的写作风格怎么样？使用摘录中的例子来支持你的观点。
B Hemingway writes in The Old Man and the Sea, “A man can be destroyed but not defeated." How do you understand this sentence
海明威在《老人与海》中写道：“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。”你怎么理解这句话？
Project
Making a poster about a writer
A As a class, discuss some ancient or modern Chinese writers and writers of other countries. Then in groups, choose a writer to research.
作为一个课堂，讨论一些中国古代或现代作家和其他国家的作家。然后分组，选择一位作家进行研究。
B As a group, research your chosen writer. Use the ideas below to help you
Life story Most popular works
Achievements Famous sayings
C As a group, put together your information to make your poster. Use the example below to help you. Then present your poster to the class.
作为一个小组，把你的信息放在一起制作你的海报。使用下面的示例来帮助您。然后向全班同学展示你的海报。
Assessment
A In pairs, rank your performance level in the following areas from 1 to 5.
A两人一组，从1到5对你在以下方面的表现水平进行排名。
Write down your own assessment in the column "Me" and ask your partner to write down his/her assessment of your performance in the column "Partner".
在“我”栏中写下你自己的评估，并让你的伴侣在“伴侣”栏中记下他/她对你表现的评估。
B If improvement is required for some of the areas above, make an action plan.
如果上述某些方面需要改进，请制定行动计划。
Further study
The Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to an excellent author from any country almost every year since 1901.
自1901年以来，诺贝尔文学奖几乎每年都颁发给来自世界各地的优秀作家。
Browse the official website of the Nobel Prize and learn more about past winners and their works.
浏览诺贝尔奖的官方网站，了解更多关于过去获奖者及其作品的信息。
William Shakespeare is known as one of the greatest writers in English literature, whose many plays appeal to a variety of readers to this day.
威廉·莎士比亚被誉为英国文学中最伟大的作家之一，他的许多戏剧至今仍吸引着各种各样的读者。
Adaptations of his classic plays can be found in easy-to-read English for anyone to enjoy.
他的经典剧目的改编本可以用易读的英语找到，任何人都可以欣赏。
Find and read your favourite Shakespeare comedies or tragedies to learn about the stories and develop your interest in English literature.
找到并阅读你最喜欢的莎士比亚喜剧或悲剧，了解这些故事，培养你对英国文学的兴趣。