UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However, Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common？ C
A．Doing teaching jobs.
B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.
D．Being banned from medicine.
解析： 细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.(她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.(Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？ A
A．She wrote a book.
B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.
D．She had formal education.
解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.(Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree？ D
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析： 细节理解题。通过文章第四部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.(四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体高一联考)
How to Change the World
There are so many things you can do at home or in your community to make the world a better place.Even the smallest things can lead to bigger changes, so don't be afraid to get out there and start helping. 1.C No matter where you are or whom you meet, give them a warm smile when you're around them.When you smile, you make the other person feel good and encourage them to smile too.
You've probably felt warm when someone says something nice about you, so why not return the favor Say something that shows your appreciation for how they handle themselves emotionally or treat other people.Make sure you act sincerely when you give your praise so you come across as a truthful person. 2.B
It can be really easy to get jealous (妒忌的) of other people when they succeed, but it's a lot more rewarding to share their excitement.Avoid comparing yourself to other people and thinking of ways you can be better than them. 3.F Even though being kind to someone doesn't seem like you're making a big change, your kindness will continue to spread through them.Real kindness involves being friendly and considerate no matter what the circumstances were. 4.D For example, if you see someone struggling to carry groceries, you can offer to help them to their vehicle.
When people litter, the rubbish ends up in the environment and damages the natural wildlife. 5.G You may end up picking rubbish up from a beach, cleaning up around highways, or collecting waste from public parks.
A．But do things because you're actually interested in them.
B．Even a few small kind words can have a huge effect on them.
C．Even flashing a quick smile can brighten someone else's day.
D．Stay aware of the people around you and look for opportunities to help them.
E．Remember to treat yourself kindly as well so you take good care of your mental health.
F．Instead, really look at what they've accomplished and appreciate the work they've done.
G．Search online to see if there are clean-up programs in your city and work as a volunteer.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们可以改变世界的几件小事。
解析：
1. 根据下文“No matter where you ...around them.(无论你在哪里，碰到谁，当你在他们周围时，给他们一个热情的微笑。)”可知，作者建议人们微笑。C项(甚至是快速的一个微笑也会让他人高兴一天。)引出下文。故选C。
2. 根据上文“You've probably felt warm ...return the favor？(当某个人跟你说一些善意的话时，你可能感到很温暖，那么，为什么不回报别人呢？)”可知，作者建议人们多说善意的话。B项(甚至几句善意的话就能对他们有很大的影响。)承接上文。故选B。
3. 根据上文“It can ...share their excitement.(当别人成功时，很容易会妒忌，但是分享他们的兴奋会更有意义。)”可知，作者是在建议要学会分享别人的成功。F项(相反，要真正的看到他们的成就并且欣赏他们的工作。)承接上文。故选F。
4. 根据下文“For example, if you ...to their vehicle.(比如，如果你看到某个人拿东西很吃力，你可以帮忙把东西拿到他们的车上。)”可知，作者建议人们要帮助身边人。D项(要多关注你周围的人并且找机会帮助他们。)引出下文。故选D。
5. 根据下文“You may end up picking ...public parks.(最后你也许会从沙滩上捡垃圾，清理道路或者在公园里收集废弃物。)”可知，此处讲的是垃圾清理工作。G项(上网看看，你的城市是否有清理项目，并且去做一名志愿者。)引出下文。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·山东省济南市高一下学期联合考试)
Spreading Kindness, Rock by Rock
“Mom！I found one！I found a rock！”
I 1.C those words again and again last summer as I sat on the porch of my home, which faces a park in the small town where I live.
The Kindness Rocks Project, which was started a few years ago by a mom in Massachusetts, has 2.D around the world. 3.B , families, and adults of all ages are taking part—painting rocks, hiding rocks, and finding painted rocks all over the place.Some 4.C photos of the rocks on social media, and others simply move the rocks for someone else to find.Some take the rocks home and then 5.A them with new ones that they create and hide.
Nine-year-old twins Harry and Hannah DeVrieze have 6.C hundreds of rocks with their parents.Most evenings, the family and their small dog walk around with a wagon full of 7.B that they hide as they walk.
“It's a fun 8.D activity，” Hannah says.
“We will do it in the winter too，”Harry 9.A .Ben Burinsky, aged nine, and his brother, Luke, aged seven, were visiting relatives when they 10.B their first painted rock in a park.They were so 11.C that they went home and painted their own rocks, then 12.A them for others to find.
“My boys loved finding the rock in the park, 13.D since it was a superhero，”their mother, Judy Burinsky, says.“I love how something so 14.B can bring a smile to my children's faces.In return, they learn the 15.C of giving back to others.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位妈妈创建了“爱心石头工程”，让人们通过彩绘石头、藏石头和找石头，为自己和别人带来了欢乐。
1．A.whispered B．cried
C．heard D．said
解析： 根据上文“Mom！I found one！I found a rock！”可知，作者是一遍又一遍地听着这些话。故选C。
2．A.founded B．investigated
C．claimed D．spread
解析： 根据下文“around the world”可知，这项工程在全世界传播开来。故选D。
3．A.Girls B．Kids
C．Boys D．Parents
解析： 根据下文“adults”可知，此处要提到孩子们。故选B。
4．A.take B．enjoy
C．post D．purchase
解析： 根据下文“photos of the rocks on social media”可知，有些人在社交媒体上发布了岩石的照片。故选C。
5．A.replace B．provide
C．cover D．throw
解析： 根据下文“with new ones”可知，这些人是用他们创造的新石头代替原来的石头。故选A。
6．A.collected B．spotted
C．painted D．appreciated
解析： 根据上文“painting rocks”可知，本文讲述的是这些人在石头上画画的事情，所以Harry(哈利)和Hannah(汉娜)是和他们的父母一起画石头。故选C。
7．A.goods B．rocks
C．belongings D．sand
解析： 根据上文“hundreds of rocks”以及下文“that they hide as they walk”可知，此处指他们画的石头。故选B。
8．A.child B．adult
C．teenager D．family
解析： 根据上文“Nine-year-old twins Harry and Hannah DeVrieze have 6 hundreds of rocks with their parents.”可知，这是他们一家人一起做的事情，所以是家庭活动。故选D。
9．A.adds B．declares
C．explains D．complains
解析： 根据上文“‘It's a fun 8 activity，’ Hannah says.”可知，此句是Harry在Hannah说过之后又说的话，即补充说。故选A。
10．A.placed B．found
C．returned D．sought
解析： 根据下文“their first painted rock in a park”可知，9岁的Ben Burinsky(本·布林斯基)和他7岁的弟弟Luke(卢克)在公园里发现了他们画的第一块石头。故选B。
11．A.discouraged B．surprised
C．excited D．disappointed
解析： Ben Burinsky和Luke在拜访亲戚的时候在公园里发现了Harry和Hannah画的第一块石头，所以他们应该是很兴奋的。故选C。
12．A.hid B．kept
C．supplied D．expected
解析： 根据下文“for others to find”可知，他们让别人去找，所以他们应该是把石头藏起来了。故选A。
13．A.apparently B．confidently
C．definitely D．especially
解析： 句意：他们的妈妈朱迪·布林斯基说：“我的孩子喜欢在公园找岩石，尤其是它上面是超人。”前后两分句之间是递进的关系，表示强调，意为“尤其”。故选D。
14．A.diverse B．small
C．usual D．common
解析： 此处指作者喜欢这些小事情给孩子们带去快乐。故选B。
15．A.award B．cost
C．value D．reward
解析： 根据上文“learn”以及下文“giving back to others”可知，此处指孩子们从这件事中学会了回报他人的重要性。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1.being (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 2.which she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 3.finally (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene 4.declared (declare) she had no plans 5.to retire (retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6.have made (make) over the years.I work not because I have to， 7.but because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 8.saying (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9.a joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It's 10.wonderful (wonder)．”
文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语。故填being。
2. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语。故填which。
3. 考查副词。根据空处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”。故填finally。
4. 考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态。故填declared。
5. 考查非谓语动词。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”。故填to retire。
6. 考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
7. 考查连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意。故填but。
8．考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系。故填saying。
9. 考查冠词。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指。故填a。
10．考查形容词。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语。故填wonderful。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2023·重庆市璧山中学高一下阶段检测)
假如你是李华。上周，你校学生会组织了“冬日暖衣(Warm Clothes For Winter)”活动，为贫困山区儿童献爱心。请你为校英语报写一篇相关报道。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动内容；
3．活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Warm Clothes, Warm Heart
Last week, the Student Union in our school organized an activity named “Warm Clothes for Winter” to show love and care to the children in the poverty-stricken mountainous areas.
Nearly all the students took an active part in this special activity, donating clothes, gloves and so on to help the less fortunate live through the freezing winter.The activity was welcomed by both the students and the poor children far away.
Unquestionably, students find such an activity quite rewarding.Not only do they know that they have improved the lives of others, but also they feel a strong sense of achievement.It is giving that makes the difference.UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However, Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common？
A．Doing teaching jobs.
B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.
D．Being banned from medicine.
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？
A．She wrote a book.
B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.
D．She had formal education.
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree？
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体高一联考)
How to Change the World
There are so many things you can do at home or in your community to make the world a better place.Even the smallest things can lead to bigger changes, so don't be afraid to get out there and start helping. 1. No matter where you are or whom you meet, give them a warm smile when you're around them.When you smile, you make the other person feel good and encourage them to smile too.
You've probably felt warm when someone says something nice about you, so why not return the favor Say something that shows your appreciation for how they handle themselves emotionally or treat other people.Make sure you act sincerely when you give your praise so you come across as a truthful person. 2.
It can be really easy to get jealous (妒忌的) of other people when they succeed, but it's a lot more rewarding to share their excitement.Avoid comparing yourself to other people and thinking of ways you can be better than them. 3. Even though being kind to someone doesn't seem like you're making a big change, your kindness will continue to spread through them.Real kindness involves being friendly and considerate no matter what the circumstances were. 4. For example, if you see someone struggling to carry groceries, you can offer to help them to their vehicle.
When people litter, the rubbish ends up in the environment and damages the natural wildlife. 5. You may end up picking rubbish up from a beach, cleaning up around highways, or collecting waste from public parks.
A．But do things because you're actually interested in them.
B．Even a few small kind words can have a huge effect on them.
C．Even flashing a quick smile can brighten someone else's day.
D．Stay aware of the people around you and look for opportunities to help them.
E．Remember to treat yourself kindly as well so you take good care of your mental health.
F．Instead, really look at what they've accomplished and appreciate the work they've done.
G．Search online to see if there are clean-up programs in your city and work as a volunteer.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们可以改变世界的几件小事。
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·山东省济南市高一下学期联合考试)
Spreading Kindness, Rock by Rock
“Mom！I found one！I found a rock！”
I 1. those words again and again last summer as I sat on the porch of my home, which faces a park in the small town where I live.
The Kindness Rocks Project, which was started a few years ago by a mom in Massachusetts, has 2. around the world. 3. , families, and adults of all ages are taking part—painting rocks, hiding rocks, and finding painted rocks all over the place.Some 4. photos of the rocks on social media, and others simply move the rocks for someone else to find.Some take the rocks home and then 5. them with new ones that they create and hide.
Nine-year-old twins Harry and Hannah DeVrieze have 6. hundreds of rocks with their parents.Most evenings, the family and their small dog walk around with a wagon full of 7. that they hide as they walk.
“It's a fun 8. activity，” Hannah says.
“We will do it in the winter too，”Harry 9. .Ben Burinsky, aged nine, and his brother, Luke, aged seven, were visiting relatives when they 10. their first painted rock in a park.They were so 11. that they went home and painted their own rocks, then 12. them for others to find.
“My boys loved finding the rock in the park, 13. since it was a superhero，”their mother, Judy Burinsky, says.“I love how something so 14. can bring a smile to my children's faces.In return, they learn the 15. of giving back to others.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位妈妈创建了“爱心石头工程”，让人们通过彩绘石头、藏石头和找石头，为自己和别人带来了欢乐。
1．A.whispered B．cried
C．heard D．said
2．A.founded B．investigated
C．claimed D．spread
3．A.Girls B．Kids
C．Boys D．Parents
4．A.take B．enjoy
C．post D．purchase
5．A.replace B．provide
C．cover D．throw
6．A.collected B．spotted
C．painted D．appreciated
7．A.goods B．rocks
C．belongings D．sand
8．A.child B．adult
C．teenager D．family
9．A.adds B．declares
C．explains D．complains
10．A.placed B．found
C．returned D．sought
11．A.discouraged B．surprised
C．excited D．disappointed
12．A.hid B．kept
C．supplied D．expected
13．A.apparently B．confidently
C．definitely D．especially
14．A.diverse B．small
C．usual D．common
15．A.award B．cost
C．value D．reward
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1. (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 2. she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 3. (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene 4. (declare) she had no plans 5. (retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6. (make) over the years.I work not because I have to， 7. because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 8. (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9. joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It's 10. (wonder)．”
文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2023·重庆市璧山中学高一下阶段检测)
假如你是李华。上周，你校学生会组织了“冬日暖衣(Warm Clothes For Winter)”活动，为贫困山区儿童献爱心。请你为校英语报写一篇相关报道。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动内容；
3．活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
