UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE
主题语境 单元语法 单元写作
人与自我——青少年生活 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语 建议信
语言知识 语音知识 掌握al, ay, ai, ei, are, ar, er, ir, or, ur, ee, ea, ear, oa, ow, ou, ore, ere, eer, air字母组合的发音及其规律
单词巧记 movement, suitable, confusing, confused, obviously, responsibility, attraction, editor, survival, adventurous, generation, actually, addicted, greenhouse
高频单词 volunteer, debate, prefer, content, suitable, challenge, confusing, graduate, recommend, advanced, quit, responsible, prepare, schedule, practice, survival, expert, anxious, behaviour, attract, addicted, concentrate, since
重点短语 clean up, sign up, hand out, be/get used to, try out for, focus on
常用句式 ①动名词作主语 ②so that引导目的状语从句 ③it作形式主语和形式宾语 ④表原因的句型 ⑤too... to...句型 ⑥含有time的状语从句的引导词
[导语]新学期对于每一个学生来说，都是一个挑战，特别是刚刚转到一所新学校的Joemar来说。
Like any new ninth-grader on the first day of school，Joemar Class had ninth-grader emotion(情绪). He's not used to school in Hartford. He's used to going to school in his hometown of Florida, used to seeing his friends, used to having class in Spanish.
“Nervioso，”he said in Spanish.
We first met Joemar in mid-October in the San Juan Airport. His father, Guillermo Class, had sold his car to buy plane tickets to get his kids and fly them up from Puerto Rico. The island was almost destroyed(毁坏) by the deadly storm—Hurricane(飓风) Maria.
Now, they are settling into their new home in Hartford's South End. A week later, and, using his wife's car, Class drove 16-year-old Joemar to his first day at Bulkeley High School. After a short ride, he got out in front of his new school. Inside, he met Gretchen Levitz—the school's program director.
“I see you have a new uniform，” Levitz said.“You look great. Are you ready for a good first day？”
Then he met a couple of teachers.
“Hello，”they each said in Spanish. They asked where he's from, and told him they were happy to see him. Then, Levitz took him on a quick tour of the school before classes began—to her office, the school store, the library, and the dining hall.
A total of 19 languages are spoken in Bulkeley High School.“We have so many new students coming here from other countries every single day，” Levitz said.“So it's not like he's the only one who has that feeling.”
“You could tell he's a little worried，” Guillermo said as we left.“But, at the same time, he's looking forward to it.”
1．What kind of feeling did Joemar have on his first day of school？ C
A．Angry. B．Excited.
C．Nervous. D．Relaxed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Joemar Class had ninth-grader emotion”以及第二句“He's not used to school in Hartford.”可知， Joemar作为九年级的新生第一天在Hartford上学，肯定不习惯这个陌生的环境，像所有的这个年龄段的孩子一样，表现出“紧张”的情绪。
2．Why did Joemar leave Florida？ D
A．His old school closed down.
B．He wanted to see his mother.
C．He expected to have a new life.
D．His town was hit by a terrible storm.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The island was almost destroyed by the deadly storm—Hurricane Maria.”可知， Joemar之所以离开Florida是因为当地遭受飓风的破坏。
3．What did Joemar do before he walked into his new classroom？ D
A．He had a long talk with his father.
B．He learned some simple Spanish words.
C．He said hello to some of his classmates.
D．He had a short look around his new school.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Then, Levitz took him on a quick tour of the school before classes began—to her office, the school store, the library, and the dining hall.”可知， Joemar在进入新教室前，在Levitz的引导下，简单地看了看学校。
4．What can we learn about Bulkeley High School？ B
A．It has no library.
B．It is an international school.
C．It plans to open Spanish classes.
D．It requires all students to wear uniforms.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“A total of 19 languages are spoken in Bulkeley High School.‘We have so many new students coming here from other countries every single day’”可知，在 Bulkeley High School学校有19种语言，并且每天都有来自其他国家的新生。故可推知，该校为国际化学校。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． teenage adj.十几岁的(指13至19岁)；青少年的→ teenager n．(13至19岁之间的)青少年
2． ballet n.芭蕾舞
3． volunteer n.志愿者
4． debate n.辩论；争论 vt.& vi.辩论；争论
5． prefer vt.较喜欢
6． content n.内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题adj.满意的；满足的 vt.使满意
7． movement n.动作；运动；活动→ move vt.& vi.移动；搬动 vi.行动；搬家；进展；(机器等)活动
8． greenhouse n.温室；暖房
9． suitable adj.合适的；适用的→ suit vt.& vi.适合；合身；适宜 n．西装；套装
10． actually adv.事实上；的确
11． challenge n.挑战；艰巨任务 vt.怀疑；向……挑战
12． title n.(书、诗歌等的)名称；标题；职称；头衔
13． topic n.话题；标题
14． confusing adj.难以理解的；不清楚的→ confused adj.糊涂的；迷惑的→ confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑
15． fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→ fluently adv.流利地；流畅地
16． graduate vt.& vi.毕业；获得学位 n．毕业生
17． recommend vt.建议；推荐；介绍
18． advanced adj.高级的；高等的；先进的→ advance n.前进；发展 vi.前进；发展 vt.发展；促进
19． literature n.文学；文学作品
20． extra adj.额外的；附加的
21． obviously adv.显然；明显地→ obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的
22． quit vt.& vi.停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)
23． responsible adj.负责的；有责任的→ responsibility n.责任；义务
24． solution n.解决方法；答案→ solve v.解决；解答
25． schedule n.工作计划；日程安排 vt.安排；预定
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be interested in ...对……感兴趣
2．clean up 打扫干净
3．be suitable for ...对……适合的
4．prepare for ...为……做准备
5．think about 考虑
6．sign up (for sth.)报名(参加课程)
7．be good at 擅长
8． on one's own独自地；独立地；靠自己的力量
9． so that以便；为了；结果
10．hand out 取出；把……拿出来；分发；施舍
11．get used to 习惯于；适应
12．be responsible for ...对……负责
13．be worried about ...担心；为……忧虑
14．keep up with 跟上；赶上
15．deal with 处理；对待；对付
Ⅲ.重点句型
1． Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
从初中过渡到高中真的是一项巨大的挑战。
2．I'm a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it will be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.
我有点担心跟不上高级班的其他学生，而且很难适应所有的作业。
3．I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.
我会找到一个让自己提高球技的方法，这样明年我就能加入球队了。
Ⅳ.课文预读
(Ⅰ)Reading for the main idea.
1．The text mainly tells us C .
A．the importance of taking courses
B．why Adam joined a volunteer club
C．how Adam dealt with the freshman challenge
D．Adam is worried about his advanced course
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph. CADB
Para.1 A．With the help of the adviser, Adam chose his courses.
Para.2 B．Adam describes his present study and his ambition.
Pars.3 C．Adam, a freshman, faces a really big challenge in the first week.
Para.4 D．Adam chose his extra-curricular activities.
(Ⅱ)Reading for the details.
1．What does Adam feel in his first week at school？ A
A．Confused. B．Angry.
C．Happy. D．Worried.
2．What extra-curricular activity does Adam choose？ D
A．The school football team.
B．The music club.
C．The nature club.
D．The volunteer club.
3．What does Adam think of students in the senior high school？ A
A．They work hard and are independent.
B．They take care of themselves.
C．They have little homework.
D．They live a hard life.
4．What can you infer from the last paragraph？ C
A．The senior high school is boring.
B．The school life is difficult.
C．The school is both challenging and fun.
D．Adam grows up step by step.
核 心 单 词
1.volunteer n．志愿者
①Schools need volunteers to help children to read.
学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
②During the emergency many staff volunteered to work through the weekend.
在紧急情况下，许多员工自愿在周末工作。
③The hospital has asked various voluntary organizations to help raise money for the new operating theatre.
医院已经请求不同的志愿组织为新手术室募集资金。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I volunteered my services as a driver.
②Helen volunteered to have (have) Thanks giving at her house this year.
③In her spare time she does voluntary (volunteer) work.
翻译句子
④我想为展览会做一些志愿工作；所以我写这封信，要求成为一名志愿者。
I would like to do some voluntary work for the exhibition；so，I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.
2.debate n．辩论；争论 vt.&vi.辩论；争论
①Even though the bill is under debate now, it will be passed soon.
尽管这个法案仍在被讨论，但是它将很快被通过。
②The whole class will debate whether the mobile phones should be banned at school.
整个班级将讨论是否应该禁止在学校使用手机。
③He said it was beyond debate that the climate had changed markedly over the last century.
毋庸置疑，在过去的一个世纪中，气候的确发生了显著的变化。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Whether to build a third airport is still under debate.
②During group study，students listen to their fellow students' opinions and debate with them if there is a disagreement.
翻译句子
③There has been considerable debate about the way forward for education.
关于教育的发展方向有相当多的争论。
3.prefer vt.较喜欢
①I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.
在下个月的欢迎仪式上，比起中国传统服装，我更喜欢校服。
②I prefer watching TV to going out.
＝I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.
我宁愿看电视也不出去。
③A teacher should not have a preference for any one of his pupils.
教师不应偏爱任何一个学生。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① Airlines would prefer to update (update) rather than retrain crews.
②She is very traditional; she prefers dressing (dress)formally to wearing sports clothes.
③I prefer talk shows to movies.
翻译句子
④这个青少年宁愿打扫温室也不愿去上芭蕾课。
The teenager prefers to clean up the greenhouse rather than take a ballet course.
⑤她更喜欢脱稿演讲。
She preferred/prefers speaking without reading to referring to her note.
4.content n．内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题
①She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its contents.
她没有看过那封信，所以对其内容一无所知。
②If you are content with the present life, you'll feel happy.
如果你满足于目前的生活，你就会感到幸福。
③We should never content ourselves with book knowledge.
我们应该永远不满足于书本知识。
④I cannot describe the feeling of contentment that was with me at that time.
我无法形容我当时的满足感。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He didn't need to open the letter because he already knew the contents (content)．
②They were content with second-hand clothes.
③I'm perfectly content just to lie (lie) in the sun.
翻译句子
④马丁娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。
Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup.
⑤但她对自己的所作所为并不满意，她希望能做得更多。
But she is not content with what she has done and hopes to do more.
5.suitable adj.合适的；适用的
①You are covered with sweat. It's not suitable to bathe right away.
你浑身都是汗。不适合现在去洗澡。
②The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.
该课程适合初学者和高阶学生。
③Corn is grown in this area—the soil seems to suit it very well.
这个地区种了很多玉米，土壤似乎很适合它。
④He was dressed in a dark grey suit.
他穿着深灰色的西装。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable for the job.
② The book lists plants suitable (suit) for the British flower garden, among them many new introductions.
翻译句子
③Could you do me a favor and tell me some topics that are suitable for small talk
你帮个忙告诉我一些适合聊天的话题好吗？
④如果你做的话，我想我会跟着做的。
If you do it, I think I'll follow suit.
6.challenge n．挑战；艰巨任务 vt.怀疑；向……挑战
①Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself” .
紧张地面对挑战，我知道我会悄悄告诉自己这两个简单的词“做自己”。
②Mike challenged me to (play) another tennis game.
迈克向我挑战再打一场网球比赛。
③When challenged, they will do their best.
受到挑战时，他们会做得更好。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·浙江高考)He avoided taking on new challenges (challenge)．
②He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging detectives to catch (catch) him.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emma says it’s challenging (challenge) to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.
翻译句子
④登山是一个挑战自我的好机会。
Climbing the mountain is a great chance to challenge yourself.
7.confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑
①I can't see how anyone could confuse you with another!
我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing world.
作者认为读小说是摆脱混乱世界的一种方式。
③I'm confused—say all that again.
我被搞糊涂了，把那件事从头到尾再说一遍吧。
④She looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.
她困窘地看着我，没有回答这个问题。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① Grandfather gets quite confused (confuse) sometimes, and doesn't even know what day it is.
② There's still confusion about/over the number of students.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Also, people aren’t willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much confusing (confuse)information online.
翻译句子
④The reason why I love my Chinese teacher is that whenever I have any confusion，he is always ready to help me.
我喜爱我的语文老师的原因是无论何时我有疑惑不解的事情，他都能随时给我提供帮助。
8.graduate vi.&vt.毕业；获得学位 n．毕业生
①Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.
很快我就会毕业，成为现实世界的一部分。
②He graduated from York with a degree in Psychology.
他毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。
③Only thirty students graduated in Chinese last year.
去年只有三十名学生获得汉语学士学位。
④After his graduation from high school, Herriot made up his mind to be a vet, especially for dogs.
高中毕业后，赫里奥特决定做一名兽医，尤其是为狗狗治病。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①When the boys graduated from high school, Ann moved to a small town in Vermont.
② Graduation (graduate) ceremonies are held in early May.
③Tom has just graduated with first-class honours in psychology.
翻译句子
④I decide that after I graduate from high school, I will join the Army.
我决定高中毕业后去参军。
9.recommend vt.建议；推荐；介绍
①He recommended me as monitor in our class.
他推荐我做我们班的班长。
②He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。
③It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
强烈建议每年一定把机器检修一次。
④I should be most grateful if you would consider my recommendation.
如果您考虑我的推荐，我将不胜感激。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①We'd recommend you to book (book) your flight early.
②We strongly recommend reporting (report) the incident to the police.
③I recommend (that) he (should) see (see) a lawyer.
④I got the job on the strength of your recommendation (recommend)．
翻译句子
⑤The best way of finding a lawyer is through personal recommendation.
找律师的最好方法是通过个人推荐。
10.advance n．前进；发展 vi.前进；发展 vt.发展；促进
①We have made great advances in developing our shipbuilding industry.
我们在发展造船工业方面有了很大的进步。
②They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.
夜幕降临时，他们已前进了20英里。
③There were only three of us on the advanced course.
只有我们三人学高级课程。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① (2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
② This is the most advanced (advance)type of engine available.
翻译句子
③你不必预付票款。
You don't have to pay for the tickets in advance.
11.quit vi.& vt.停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)
①The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting.
任务太艰巨了，史蒂夫又生气又失望，说他要辞职。
②He quit school at 16 and left home.
他16岁辍学后就离开了家乡。
③Quit wasting my time!
别浪费我的时间！
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Despite opposition from his family, he quit/quitted (quit) and became an actor.
②Quit laughing (laugh) at your brother like that.
翻译句子
③He quit the show last year because of bad health.
去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。
④胜利者永远不会放弃。
A winner will never quit.
12.responsible adj.负责的；有责任的
①Even when parents no longer live together，they each continue to be responsible for their children.
即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。
②We need to take responsibility for our own health.
我们必须对自己的健康负责。
③This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.
这将有助于帮助他们从小建立一种责任感。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The airline is legally responsible for the safety of its passengers.
②(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a responsibility (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
翻译句子
③Learning to take the responsibility as an adult is the biggest reward for me and it has many positive influences on my life.
作为一个成年人，学会承担责任对我来说是最大的奖励，它对我的生活有许多积极的影响。
13.schedule n．工作计划；日程安排 vt.安排；预定
①Do something every day as you planned, and you will finish your task on schedule or even ahead of schedule.
每天按照计划做一些事情，你就会按时完成任务，甚至提前完成任务。
②An activity is scheduled to take place in our school next Friday.
下周五我们学校有个活动。
③The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow afternoon.
会议安排在明天下午。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①We are already behind schedule and we haven't even started yet.
②If you don't want to miss the boat, the auction is scheduled (schedule) for 2?30 p．m. on June 26.
③The flight is scheduled to arrive (arrive) at 8?45, but it's running 20 minutes late.
翻译句子
④这项工作比预计时间推迟了22周。
The work is 22 weeks behind schedule.
⑤The club is scheduled to be open in Room 302 in our Science Building next Friday at 4?00 p．m.
俱乐部定于下周五下午4点，在我们科学大楼的302室开业。
必 备 短 语
1.clean up打扫(或清除)干净
①Who's going to clean up this mess
这么又脏又乱的，谁来清理？
②All the equipment should be cleaned down regularly.
所有设备都应该定期彻底打扫。
③I cleaned the mud off my shoes.
我刷掉了鞋子上的泥。
④Mr. Wall asked if I would help him clean out the barrels.
沃尔先生问我能否帮他把桶彻底清扫了。
⑤It is your responsibility to keep the room clean and tidy.
保持房间整洁是你的职责。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I'm always having to clean up after the children.
②Clean out the bathtub when you are done.
翻译句子
③I usually help mum clean up after dinner.
晚饭后，我经常帮妈妈收拾。
2.sign up (for sth.)报名(参加课程)
①I highly recommend that you should sign up for this course.
我强烈推荐你报名参加这个课程。
②All visitors must sign in the moment they arrive.
所有访客必须一到达就签到。
③Sign out before you exit the building.
离开大楼前签名登记离开。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
多面sign
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①At this point, you can continue shopping or sign out .
②You just sign up to be on the team of whoever you can gather.
翻译句子
③因为喜欢英语，我已报名参加英语角。
I have signed up for English Corner because I am fond of English.
3.hand out把……拿出来；分发；施舍
①All the students seated, the papers were handed out.
所有的学生坐好之后，试卷就发了下来。
②The applicants must hand in their applications first if they want to apply for the job.
如果申请人想申请这份工作，就必须先上交申请书。
③Now she feels the time has come to hand over to someone else.
现在她感觉到了移交权力的时候了。
④When I am in trouble, they always give a hand to me.
当我遇到困难的时候，他们总是给我帮助。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It is my duty to hand out the textbooks to all the freshmen.
②Your homework must be handed (hand) in before the class is over.
③They would just catch the thieves and hand them over to the police.
④The job wasn't very interesting，but on the other hand, it was well-paid.
4.get/be used to习惯于
①When Samantha got used to the accent she began to understand it.
当萨曼莎习惯了这个口音之后，她就开始理解了。
②(2020·江苏)We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms, and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters.
我们过去常常认为昆虫是最小的生物，没有任何生物能够生活在600米以下。
③Wood is used to make paper.
木材被用来造纸。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Wood can be used to make (make) chopsticks.
②Life here is much easier than it used to be (be)．
③I've lived in Paris for six years now, so I'm quite used to living (live) here.
重 点 句 型
1.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.(P14)
从初中到高中的确是一个大的挑战。
J 句型剖析
本句是简单句，主语是 Going from junior high school to senior high school，即动名词短语作主语。
①Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.
把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是一个痛苦的经历。
②Shopping online has become more and more popular.
网购已经变得越来越流行。
③Smoking and drinking do harm to our health.
吸烟和喝酒对我们的健康有害。
④It's a waste of time wandering around the street.
在街上闲逛(纯属)浪费时间。
G 归纳拓展
动名词注意事项：
功能 动名词(短语)作主语表示经常、习惯性的动作
谓语的数 如果是一个动名词(短语)，谓语动词用单数；如果是两个或以上，谓语动词用复数
位置 动名词(短语)可位于句首或句末；位于句末时常用it作形式主语
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2019·课标全国Ⅰ)Being liked creates (create) opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage.
② Eating (eat) too many snacks leads to fatness and illness.
③Walking and swimming are (be) good for our health.
完成句子
④骑自行车是环保的交通方式。(用动名词作主语)
Riding a bike is an environmentally-friendly means of transport.
2.I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.(P14)
我将找到提高我自己的方法，以便明年我能加入球队。
J 句型剖析
so that I can make the team是so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中通常有情态动词can或者will等。而so/such... that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
①He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
他斜移了椅子，以便坐着观察她。
②He was so ill that he couldn't go to school today.
他病得很厉害，今天无法上学。
③It was such delicious food that I'll never forget its taste.
这是如此美味的食物，我永远不会忘记它的味道。
④Such is the elegance of this typeface that it is still a favourite of designers.
这种字体很优美，至今仍深受设计人员喜欢。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·浙江高考)My mother was so touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store.
②This is something where you can earn such a lot of money that there is not any risk that you will lose it.
翻译句子
③We'll learn the knowledge of photography so that we can record the beauty around us in a better way.
我们将学习摄影的知识，以便我们能更好地记录我们周围的美。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The various environmental challenges (challenge) are significant but the efforts made seem to be paying off.
2．This confusing (confuse) question made me so confused (confuse) that I couldn't concentrate on my study.
3．We all quit working (work) after four pictures and went off to the country.
4．The new comers speak the language of their home country fluently (fluent)．
5．After graduating/graduation (graduate)，Bruce left his family and began to live on his own.
6．There were only three of us who took the advanced (advance) course.
7．We think it's our responsibility (responsible) to help those homeless people.
8．We expect to see further improvement (improve) over the coming year.
9． Obviously (obvious), the freshmen are curious about everything on campus.
10．He felt proud that he answered the teacher's question correctly (correct)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He has made a decision to finish the work before Saturday.
2．Before you sign up for advanced classes, you should first register your information.
3．I learned something every time I prepared for an exam.
4．Don't be shy.You'll quickly get used to starting conversations with people.
5．If you can't finish the work on your own ，just call me.
6．The poor boy had to hand out advertisements after school.
7．The storm is thought to be responsible for as many as four deaths.
8．Because of his illness，Peter couldn't keep up with the rest of the class and fell badly behind.
9．He will not be able to return from Shanghai on schedule because of the bad weather.
10．I think that this house will be suitable for the needs of your family.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Adam is a freshman at senior high school. 1.Going (go) from junior high school to senior high school is 2.a really big challenge to him.The first week was a little confusing.First, he had to think very carefully about which courses he wanted to take. 3.With the help of the school 4.adviser (advise) he chose the suitable ones.Chinese is a very difficult language, 5.but he hopes to be fluent when he graduates. As for extra-curricular 6.activities (activity), he tried to join the school football team, but the coach refused because of his poor performance. 7.Obviously (obvious), he was unhappy, but he won't quit.He joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, he works at a soup kitchen and 8.hands (hand) out food to homeless people in the community.He is happy to be here, though he is worried about keeping up with the other students in his 9.advanced (advance) course and it'll be quite difficult 10.to get (get) used to all the homework.He will be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
Grammar——短语
语法导图
语法讲练
短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。
一、名词短语的定义、组成和功能
D 典例呈现
①Going from junior high school to senior high school
名词短语，作宾语 名词短语，作宾语
is a really big challenge.
名词短语，作表语
②The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones.
名词短语，作主语 名词短语，作宾语
③Mount Huang is one important tourist attraction of our country.
名词短语，作表语
J 即学即练1
写出句中的名词短语并判断其句子成分
①I had to choose extra-curricular activities, too.
extra-curricular activities，宾语
②What Jack wants to join is a volunteer club instead.
a volunteer club，表语
③We often work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community.
a soup kitchen，宾语； homeless people in the community，宾语
④Anne Frank made her diary her best friend.
her diary，宾语； her best friend，宾语补足语
二、形容词短语的定义、组成和功能
D 典例呈现
①The first week was a little confusing.
(a little＋adj.)形容词短语，作表语
②I think your answer correct and proper.
(adj.＋and＋adj.)形容词短语，作宾语补足语
③I don't think English is hard to learn.
(adj.＋不定式)形容词短语，作表语
④The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
(adv.＋adj.)形容词短语，作表语
⑤She was deeply upset about the way her father treated her.
(adv.＋adj.＋prep.)形容词短语，作表语
⑥Much interested, he agreed to have a try.
(adv.＋adj.)形容词短语，作状语
J 即学即练2
写出句中的形容词短语并判断其句子成分
①The room is awfully dirty.
awfully dirty，表语
②I found my teachers and classmates friendly and helpful.
friendly and helpful，宾语补足语
③After the war, the soldiers returned home, safe and sound.
safe and sound，状语
④Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others.
always ready to help others，定语
三、副词短语的定义、组成和功能
D 典例呈现
①First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.
(very＋ adv.)副词短语，修饰动词
②I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
(adv.＋ enough)副词短语，修饰动词
③The dress was rather too small for her.
(adv.＋ adv.)副词短语，修饰形容词
④He is running much too fast in the match.
(adv.＋ adv.)副词短语，修饰副词
J 即学即练3
写出句中的副词短语并判断其修饰什么成分
①She types quickly and correctly.
quickly and correctly，修饰动词
②He spoke far too fast.
far too，修饰副词
③He eats too much food, so he is much too fat.
much too，修饰形容词
W 温馨提示
1．在短语的“组成”中，括号里的成分是可选项。
2．在名词短语的“组成”中，限定词包括以下词类：
3．副词enough在修饰形容词或者副词构成形容词短语或者副词短语时，一般放在所修饰词的后面。
专项练习
标出下面文章中的名词/形容词/副词短语并判断它们的句法功能
I decided to take a gap year after senior year.After the year, I was quite completely ready for college.I remembered that there were many adventures to explore and many people and places to discover. It was really meaningful for me to be able to communicate with people on different views and values.I met people in my gap year that now inspires me to be a better person, and not to stop adventuring.
答案：Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． editor n.主编；编辑；编者
2． plate n.盘子；碟子
3． adventure n.冒险；奇遇
4． youth n.青年时期；青春
5． expert n.专家；行家 adj.熟练的；内行的；专家的
6． behaviour n.行为；举止→ behave v.表现得体；表现
7． generation n.一代(人)
8． attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)
9． focus vt.& vi.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n．中心；重点；焦点
10． addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的→ addict n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人 v．使上瘾
11． adult n．成年人 adj.成年的；成熟的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．do well in 擅长；在……方面做得好
2．try out for 参加……的选拔；争取成为(团队等的一员)
3．make a fire生火
4．give a speech发表演讲
5．have fun 玩得开心
6．be attracted to 喜爱
7．focus on 集中；特别关注
8．encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事
9．feel lonely 感到孤独
10． after school放学后
11． in order整齐；有条理
12．fall behind 落后于
13．work out 计算出
14． the number of……的数量
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
但是花太多的时间上网是不健康的，让你很难集中精力于生活中的其他事情上。
2．I am sure he will listen to you， since you are his good friend.
我确信他一定会听你的，因为你是他的好朋友。
Ⅳ.课文预读
Read the passage on Page 18 and then choose the best answers.
1．What is the letter's main purpose？ A
A．To give advice.
B．To ask for advice.
C．To make a promise.
D．To keep a promise.
2．What is Worried Friend's trouble？ C
A．He became addicted to playing computer games.
B．He was anxious because he has no time to play.
C．His friend often spent too much time online.
D．His friend cannot concentrate on schoolwork.
3．Which one is Ms Luo's advice？ C
A．To make new friends.
B．To ask parents for help.
C．To talk to the friend.
D．Don't care too much.
核 心 单 词
1.expert n．专家；行家 adj.熟练的；内行的；专家的
①He is an expert on modern literature.
他是现代文学研究专家。
②The police are expert at handling situations like this in strict confidence.
警方擅长处理这类情况，可以绝对保密。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The roads were icy but she stopped the car expertly (expert)．
② The Japanese are expert at/in lowering manufacturing costs.
③(2021·浙江高考)Why should you listen to experts (expert) according to the speaker
翻译句子
④There is a lecture on stress management，in which an expert will be invited to offer us practical tips on that topic.
有一个关于压力管理的讲座，在讲座中将邀请一位专家为我们提供有关这个主题的实用技巧。
2.behaviour n．行为；举止
①There's no excuse for behaviour like that.
像那样的行为毫无道理。
②It's not right for you to behave badly to the customers.
你对顾客态度差是不对的。
③Behave yourself and keep quiet for a while!
规矩点，安安静静地待着！
④I do not want to be a so-called well-behaved child.
我并不想做一个所谓的乖孩子。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① Her behaviour (behave) last night was completely out of character.
②I hope Nicholas behaved himself (him)at the party.
翻译句子
③Behaving well at the table is what we should do whenever we are having a dinner.
我们吃饭时应该注意餐桌礼仪。
3.attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)
①She gave a little cough to attract my attention.
她轻轻地咳了一声以引起我的注意。
②Young birds are often attracted to the warm road surface and get killed by the traffic.
幼鸟经常被温暖的路面吸引，然后被车辆撞死。
③What's the attraction of your going on the stage
是什么吸引你登上舞台的？
④She found the job less and less attractive.
她发觉那工作越来越没意思。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)They have become tourist attractions (attract)．
② What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
翻译句子
③除了中学生，这次活动也吸引了很多老师。
Besides the middle school students, this activity attracts many teachers too.
必 备 短 语
1.try out for参加……选拔/试演
①The idea sounds fine，but we need to try it out in practice.
这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
②Try on clothing and shoes to make sure they fit.
试穿一下衣服和鞋子，以确保它们合适。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Susan could hardly wait to try out the new mobile phone her mother bought for her birthday.
②I'd like to try on that blue coat to see if it matches my shirt.
③The university attracts me a lot because there is a great basketball team and I can try out for it.
2.focus on集中；特别关注
①The coach is able to focus on the kids.
教练可以把注意力集中在孩子们身上。
②The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。
③In some of the pictures the subjects are out of focus while the background is sharp.
在一些照片中，主体对焦不准，背景反而很清晰。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·全国甲卷) They focus on snow-covered forests.
②How do you stay focused (focus) through the entire hour
③We want to keep the real issues in focus.
翻译句子
④每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
3.addicted to对……很入迷
①Many scientists disagree about what the differences are between the alcohol addict and social drinker.
许多科学家对于嗜酒成瘾者和社交型饮酒者之间的区别有不同的看法。
②As far as I'm concerned，it's not wise for us to be addicted to playing with smartphones.
就我个人而言，迷恋于玩智能手机是不明智的。
③Betting can be as addictive as drinking or smoking.
赌博像酗酒和抽烟一样会上瘾。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① He's addicted to computer games.
②The problem with video games is that they're addictive (addict)．
翻译句子
③(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)因为学生们缺乏自律，他们更容易迷上网上聊天或者打网络游戏。
Because of the students' lack of self-discipline， they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games .
重 点 句 型
1.But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.(P18)
但是花费太多时间上网有害健康，并且很难集中精力于生活中的其他事情。
J 句型剖析
makes it very difficult to focus on为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中it是形式宾语，very difficult是形容词短语作宾语补足语，不定式短语to focus on...是真正的宾语。
①The man made it clear that he wouldn't accept the task.
这个人说得很清楚，他不会接受这个任务。
②We made him captain of our team.
我们让他当队长。
③Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
网络使我们的生活变得容易且方便。
④What he said made all of us laugh.
＝All of us were made to laugh by what he said.
他的话让我们都大笑起来。
⑤She couldn't make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.
车辆噪音很大，人们无法听到她的声音。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting，it's not difficult to make yourself interesting (interest) at a dinner party.
②(2021·浙江高考) That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
③Paul doesn't have to be made to learn (learn)because he always works hard.
④He made his journey plan known (know) in the whole class.
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce (produce) labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
翻译句子
⑥Most importantly，I am fluent in English，making it possible for me to finish the work.
最重要的是，我的英语流利，这使我完成这项工作成为可能。
2.I guess it's because they're adults and can't understand me.(P19)
我猜是因为他们是成年人，不理解我。
J 句型剖析
本句是复合句，I guess是主句，后面是省略that的宾语从句，在这个从句中，because引导的从句在系动词的后面，叫作表语从句。
①Tom failed the exam. It was because he didn't study hard before.
汤姆考试没及格。这是因为他以前没有努力学习。
②This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.
这就是为什么有这个谚语：如果你想做某事，请忙碌的人去做。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Many people were affected with cholera.The reason was that they were exposed to polluted water.
②The reason why many people were affected with cholera was the polluted water.
③He was late for work yesterday. This is because his car broke down.
④His car broke down and this is why he was late for work yesterday.
3.There is a girl I like in my class，but I'm too shy to talk to her.(P19)
在班里，有个我喜欢的女孩，但是我太害羞而不敢和她谈话。
J 句型剖析
本句是并列句。but连接两个分句；在第一个分句中I like in my class是定语从句。在第二个分句中too shy to talk to her是固定句式，too... to do...意为“太……而不能做……”。
①That bed is too small to sleep on.
那床太小了，无法在上面睡。
②He walks too slowly to get there on time.
他走得太慢，不能按时到达那儿。
③You can never be too careful to do your homework.
你做作业越仔细越好。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
英汉互译
①这本书太难了，我们读不了。
The book is too difficult for us to read .
②You can never be too careful to drive on the road.
在开车上路的时候，你越小心越好。
③It's never too late to learn.
活到老学到老。
4.So the next time you feel like you do not want to do boring，difficult homework or go to class, think about the children who don't have the chance to get a good education.(P20)
因此，下一次你感到不想做枯燥、困难的作业或者上课时，就想想那些没有机会接受良好教育的孩子们。
J 句型剖析
本句是复合句。由the next time作连词，引导时间状语从句。主句是一个祈使句句型，且主句中包含一个who引导的定语从句。
①Do look me up the next time you're in London.
你下次到伦敦，务必来找我。
②The first time I came here，I had the best night's sleep for months.
我第一次来到这里就睡了数月来最好的一觉。
③Every time she travels on the bus it's delayed by at least three hours.
每次她乘公共汽车出行都至少耽搁3个小时。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
完成句子
①You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings .
用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。
②The company struck out the first time it tried to manufacture personal computers.
该公司初次尝试生产个人电脑时就失败了。
③ Next time you go shopping , throw in a few extra vegetables.
下次你去买东西，多买点蔬菜。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We feel very confident in the face of adventures (冒险)and challenges.
2．My uncle is an expert (专家) in repairing smart phones and runs a small shop well.
3．The brave engineer spent his youth (青年时期) in the north.
4．The new film has attracted lots of teenagers (青少年)during the spring vacation.
5．I often see some teenagers clean up the greenhouse.It's good behaviour (行为)．
6．The younger generation (一代) look forward to new exciting experiences.
7．We should do our best to develop the adult (成年人) education.
8．Hundreds of children are attracted (吸引) to this new children's park.
9．The new film star has become the focus (焦点) of everyone's attention at the party.
10．The young generation should be addicted (沉溺于) to science.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It's a big surprise that my uncle is addicted/attracted to fishing.
2．His eyes were so tired that he had difficulty focusing on his reading.
3．He can't spend too much time debating with you about this matter.
4．My grandfather is attracted/addicted to gardening and grows many kinds of green vegetables in the garden.
5．All his family are worried about his health problem because of his heavy smoking.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Worried Friend，
You wrote that you are very 1.worried (worry) about your friend, Chen Lei.I understand quite well that you are anxious and feel terrible.You think that your friend 2.plays (play) computer games too often and spends too much time online.
I recommend that you talk to your friend about his 3.behavior (behave)．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation 4.to be attracted (attract) to computer games and the online world.But 5.spending (spend) too much time online is unhealthy and makes 6.it very difficult to focus on other things in life.Some students even become addicted 7.to the Internet 8.and cannot concentrate on school and family life.I think you should encourage your friend 9.to try (try) new hobbies.Why not discuss the problem together I am sure he will listen to you, since you are 10.his (he) good friend.
All the best，
Susan LuoSection Ⅳ 写作指导
写一封有关学校生活的建议信
写作储备
阅读教材P18建议信，提炼建议信的写作特点：
Ⅰ.常用写作格式
1．齐头式，即日期、正文和署名全在左边顶格写。教材中就采用了这种格式。
2．空格式：日期、署名在右边，正文每段开头空两格。
Ⅱ.黄金写作模板
Ⅲ.写作语言特点
1．建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。
2．提出的理由要入情入理，语气一定要礼貌当先。
Ⅳ.写作常用词汇
1．have trouble in...在……有些麻烦
2．communicate with...与……交流
3．feel lonely感到孤独
4．ask for advice on...就……征求建议
5．suggestion n．建议
6．overcome v．克服
7．get along well with...和……相处很好
8．make it做到
9．make friends交朋友
10．as far as I am concerned/in my opinion就我而言/在我看来
Ⅴ.写作常用句型
1．建议信开头常用句式：
(1)I know you are now having trouble communicating with others, and you may often feel lonely.
我知道你现在在与人交流方面有些麻烦，你也可能经常感到孤独。
(2)I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...
我很高兴收到你就……征求建议的来信。
(3)Here are some tips/a few suggestions to help you.
这里有帮助你的一些建议。
(4)I think you can make it if you follow the advice below.
如果你听从以下建议，我认为你会做到的。
2．表达建议常用句式：
(1)First(ly), why not join a club If you do this, you can make friends.
首先，为什么不参加一个俱乐部？如果你这样做的话，就会交到朋友。
(2)Second(ly)，you should/can try to talk with others.Then/That way, you will feel better.
其次，你应该尽力与人交谈。这样，你会感觉好点。
(3)Third(ly), it would be a good idea if you read a book or listen to music.By doing this, you will calm yourself down.
第三，如果你看书或听音乐将会是个不错的主意。通过这样做，你会使自己平静下来。
3．建议信结尾常用句式：
(1)I hope you will find these ideas useful.
我希望你会发现这些办法有用。
(2)As time goes on, people will know you better and will like to make friends with you if you can follow the advice above.
如果你遵从以上建议，随着时间的推移，人们会更加理解你，会愿意和你交朋友的。
(3)I believe that if you follow my advice, you'll get along well with your classmates.
我相信，如果你听从我的建议，你会和同学们相处好的。
典例剖析
假如你是李华，你的好朋友苏茹在交友方面存在着一些困难，请根据下面的提示给她写一封信。
1．要交朋友首先要做一个朋友；
2．要和朋友同甘共苦；患难之中的朋友才是真正的朋友；
3．友谊需要时间和投入(effort)。
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.定框架→好的开始，成功的一半
体裁 建议信
人称 第二人称为主
时态 主要使用一般现在时
框架 第一段：点出写信的目的：交朋友存在困难第二段：正文列出所提的建议：做一个朋友；和朋友同甘共苦；需要时间和投入最后一段：写信人的希望
Ⅱ.定要点、关键词及动词时态→打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：知道你在交友方面有麻烦，我很抱歉。(宾语从句)
I am sorry to know that you are having trouble in making friends .
要点二：如果你采纳我的建议，改变这种处境是很容易的。(be＋adj.＋to do)
The situation is easy to change if you take my advice.
要点三：要交朋友首先要做一个朋友。(主谓结构)
If you want to make friends, you should be a friend first .
要点四：你要和朋友同甘共苦。
You should share happiness and sorrow with your friends .
要点五：患难之中的朋友才是真正的朋友。
A friend in need is a friend indeed .
要点六：友谊需要时间和投入。(主谓宾结构)
Friendship calls for/needs time and effort .
Ⅲ.词汇、句式升级→创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用why not改写要点三
If you want to make friends, why not be a friend first？
升级句式二：用wouldn't it be a good idea if...改写要点四
Wouldn't it be a good idea if you share happiness and sorrow with your friends？
升级句式三：用just as a saying goes来丰富要点五
Just as a saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
Ⅳ.组建极优作文→水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
参考范文：
Dear Su Ru，
I am sorry to know that you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice.Here are some tips to help you.
To begin with, why not be a friend if you want to make friends In addition, wouldn't it be a good idea if you share happiness and sorrow with your friends Just as a saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”Last but not least, you are supposed to put your heart into making friends. It is well known to us all that friendship calls for time and effort.
I hope you will find these ideas useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
J 即学即练
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tony来信告诉你最近他沉迷于电子游戏，影响了学习和健康，希望你能就如何戒掉电子游戏给他提出建议。要点包括：
①写信的目的；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
③你的祝愿。
注意：
①词数80左右；
②内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Tony，
Hearing that you're addicted to video games，which does harm to your health and study, I'm writing to give you some advice on how to get rid of it.
Above all, it would be a good idea to focus on some other activities.For example，sign up for some volunteer organisations or join in some meaningful or relaxing extracurricular activities when you feel bored, like reading or doing sports.What's more，I feel it significant to limit the time you spend playing video games and focus more on study so that you can keep a balance between schoolwork and games.Additionally, I recommend that you should try to get into a good routine and make a schedule，which is beneficial to your health.Try to be responsible for yourself.
I hope you'll find the advice helpful.As time goes by, I'm convinced that, although it is a great challenge for you, you'll get rid of the addiction successfully.
Yours，
Li Hua
