Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
Grammar——附加(反意)疑问句
语法导图
语法讲练
一、附加疑问句的定义
附加疑问句也叫反义疑问句，它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方赞同或证实。
D 典例呈现
①It's a beautiful day, isn't it
今天是个好天气，是不是？
②This isn't your first time here, is it
这不是你第一次来这儿，是吗？
二、附加疑问句的种类与结构
D 典例呈现
①She was ill yesterday肯定句， wasn't she否定问句？(前肯后否)
她昨天生病了，是不是？(前后句子人称都是she，时态都是一般过去时)
②Mary doesn't often go skiing否定句，does she肯定问句？(前否后肯)
玛丽不经常去滑雪，是吗？(前后句子人称Mary和she是一致的，时态都是一般现在时)
J 即学即练1
用附加疑问句的适当形式填空
①That's an interesting book, isn't it
②He didn't finish his homework yesterday，did he
③The tall man over there is our new teacher, isn't he
三、附加疑问句的变化形式
1．一般情况
D 典例呈现
①Li Ming was injured in the boxing, wasn't he
李明在拳击赛事中受伤了，是不是？
②Mr. White didn't attend the meeting yesterday，did he
怀特先生昨天没有去开会，是不是？
③Give me a coffee，will you/won't you
给我一杯咖啡，行不行？
④Don't lose heart，will you
不要灰心，行不行？
⑤Let's play badminton this afternoon, shall we
今天下午让我们一起去打羽毛球，好吗？
⑥Let us go out for a rest, will you
让我们出去休息一下，行不行？
⑦What a clever boy, isn't he
多么聪明的孩子，不是吗？
J 即学即练2
用附加疑问句的适当形式填空
①She doesn't have any money in her pocket, does she
②The old boy was honest then, wasn't he
③Let's work out on the playground, shall we
④What a lovely day, isn't it
⑤Don't close the door, will you
2．特殊情况
D 典例呈现
①Few people know him, do they
没有几个人认识他，是不是？
②Tom dislikes history, doesn't he
汤姆不喜欢历史，是不是？
③Everything is ready, isn't it
一切都准备好了，是吗？
④Learning how to repair cars takes a long time，doesn't it
学修汽车要花费很长时间，不是吗？
⑤Everyone knows the answer, don't they
大家都知道答案，不是吗？
⑥He must be a doctor, isn't he
他一定是位医生，是吗？(表示经常性的动作或状态，附加疑问部分要用一般现在时)
⑦You must have studied English for three years，haven't you
你一定学过三年英语，是吗？(对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)
⑧He must have finished the task yesterday, didn't he
昨天他一定完成了那项任务，是吗？(陈述句中出现了具体的表示过去的时间状语，附加疑问部分要用一般过去时)
⑨You must see the doctor, needn't you
你必须要去看医生，是吧？(must表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用needn't)
⑩He is not the man who gave us a report, is he
他不是给我们做报告的那个人，是吗？
I don't think he is bright, is he
我觉得他不聪明，是吗？
He said that they would like to visit Beijing，didn't he
他说他们想要参观北京，不是吗？
There is not any water in the lake, is there
这个湖里没有一点水，是不是？
You have a good friend, haven't/don't you
你有一个好朋友，不是吗？
We had a good time in the city, didn't we
我们在城里玩得很快乐，不是吗？
J 即学即练3
用附加疑问句的适当形式填空
①The teacher had a talk with you, didn't he/she
②I don't believe such an honest boy like him will cheat in the exam, will he
③He must have read the whole book when he stayed at home, didn't he
④You thought he failed to hand in his homework on time, didn't you
⑤We mustn't lose heart when facing difficulties, must we
⑥Everyone enjoyed the party last night, didn't they
⑦Jobs disagreed with our monitor's opinion, didn't he
⑧He seldom goes to the cinema, does he
四、附加疑问句的答语
答语 若事实是肯定的 用yes回答
若事实是否定的 用no回答
1.在回答“肯定的陈述句＋否定附加疑问部分”时，回答yes或no与汉语的意思相符。这种回答的yes要译成“是”，no要译成“不”。
D 典例呈现
①—The old lady likes dogs, doesn't she
——这个老妇人喜欢狗，是不是？
②—Yes, she does(＝she likes dogs)．
——是的，她喜欢狗。(事实是肯定的)
③—No, she doesn't(＝she doesn't like dogs)．
——不，她不喜欢狗。(事实是否定的)
2．在回答“否定的陈述句＋肯定附加疑问部分”时，回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
D 典例呈现
①—Your mother isn't a doctor, is she
——你妈妈不是医生，是吗？
②—Yes, she is(＝she is a doctor)．
——不，她是医生。(事实是肯定的)
③—No, she isn't(＝she isn't a doctor)．
——是的，她不是医生。(事实是否定的)
J 即学即练4
回答下面的附加疑问句，并翻译成汉语
①The boy had not read the book by the end of last week, had he
Yes， he had .
翻译： 不，他读了 。
②Jacob came here just now, didn't he
Yes， he did .
翻译： 是的，他来过 。
③The students will pay a visit to the museum this weekend, won't they
No， they won't .
翻译： 不，他们将不去 。
④They have no time to visit the museum, do they
No， they don't .
翻译： 是的，他们没有时间 。
专项练习
完成下列附加(反意)疑问句
1．You'd rather watch TV this evening， wouldn't you
2．I suppose you're not going today， are you
3．I wish to shake hands with you， may I
4．Three hours ought to be enough time， shouldn't/oughtn't it
5．They have to study a lot， don't they
6．When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt， didn't he
7．I'm sure dirty， aren't I
8．You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post.I don't think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it， did you
9．That's the sort of the book you want， isn't it
10．All these dictionaries are a great help to you， aren't they
11．The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting， wasn't it
12．Tom has been writing letters all afternoon，but he should finish them now， shouldn't he
13．Nobody was absent from the meeting， were they
14．There appeared to be no better way， didn't there
15．Everything seems all right， doesn't it Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． compete vi.竞争；对抗
2． pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
3． million num.一百万→ hundred num.一百→ thousand num.一千→ billion num.十亿
4． cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子
5． audience n．观众；听众
6． positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
7． slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
8． diet n.规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
9． rather adv.相当；有点儿
10． jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑
11． stress n.压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
12． error n.错误；差错
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have got to 不得不
2． by the way顺便问一下
3． at last最后
4． have a good time玩得很开心
5．compete for ...为……而竞争
6． make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
7．even if/though 即使；虽然
8．agree with 同意某人的观点
9．instead of 相反；而不是
10．make a difference有作用或影响
11．rather than 而不是
12．cut... out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
13．now and then有时；偶尔
14．add... to ...把……添加到……
15．compare... with/to ...与……比较
16．make a list of 列清单
17．make sure 确保；保证
18．be similar to ...和……相似
19．the same... as ...和……一样
Ⅲ.重点句型
Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑的是健身而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。
Ⅳ.课文预读
Read the text on Page 42 and then choose the best answers.
1．What is the main idea of the text？ A
A．Being positive about yourself and your body is important to your health.
B．Kayla's wrong attitude to her health.
C．Kayla's daily diet.
D．How Kayla became slim.
2．What does the sentence “I almost went bananas” mean？ C
A．She liked eating bananas.
B．The bananas could make her slim.
C．She tried to eat low-fat food to lose weight.
D．She was very determined.
3．What made Kayla change her mind？ A
A．An article. B．Her friend.
C．An actress. D．Her parents.
核 心 单 词
1.compete vi.竞争；对抗
①The company is now well positioned to compete in foreign markets.
现在这家公司已准备好在国外市场竞争。
②Young children will usually compete for their mother's attention.
小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。
③Charles has never felt the need to compete with anyone.
查尔斯从未感觉到与人竞争的需要。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He's hoping to compete in the London marathon.
② One of the oldest competitors (compete)won the individual gold medal.
③We are confident that we can win this competition (compete)．
翻译句子
④Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive world.
没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的世界。
2.pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
①I'm tired of having to pretend all the time.
我讨厌老得假装。
②Sometimes the boy pretended to be asleep.
有时候那个男孩子假装睡着了。
③We do not pretend that the past six years have been without problems for us.
我们不假称过去的6年对我们来讲是没有问题的。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Don't be surprised if I pretend not to recognise (not recognise) you.
②The manager pretended to have read (read)the details of the comment.
翻译句子
③I pretend that things are really okay when they're not.
我在情况不好的时候假装一切真的没事。
3.diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
①Diet varies between different countries in the world.
世界各国的饮食各不相同。
②Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.
适当的饮食和运动对健康都是重要的。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He cut down on coffee and cigarettes，and ate a balanced diet.
②She's always on a diet but she never seems to lose any weight.
翻译句子
③I'm going on a diet next week and hope to lose ten pounds before the Spring Festival.
下周我要节食，希望在春节之前能减掉十磅。
4.stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
①People under a lot of stress may experience headaches，minor pains，and sleeping difficulties.
压力大的人可能会出现头痛、轻微疼痛和睡眠障碍。
②He is careful to stress(that)the laboratory's safety standards are the best in the country.
他谨慎地强调这个实验室的安全标准是全国最高的。
③It would be stressful to work with people who hates making mistakes.
与那些讨厌犯错的人一起工作压力会很大。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① It's a very stressful (stress) situation for everyone concerned.
②Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
③I think the company places too much stress on/upon cost and not enough on quality.
翻译句子
④Work out what situations or people make you feel stressed and avoid them.
弄清是什么样的情况或什么样的人使你焦虑不安，并避开他们。
必 备 短 语
1.make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
①To make sense，these figures should not be looked at in isolation.
这些数据不应孤立起来看，否则就没有意义。
②In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
无论如何这个问题都不能说已经解决了。
③There's no sense in pretending this doesn't happen.
假装此事没有发生是没用的。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① In a sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.
② It makes sense to buy (buy)the most up-to-date version.
③In no sense is (be) that statement correct.
翻译句子
④There is no sense in living the life that someone else wants or expects.
过别人想要的或期望的生活是没有意义的。
完成句子
⑤I can't make sense of either the Chinese or Korean language.
我既不懂汉语，也不懂朝鲜语。
2.make a difference有作用或影响
①Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.
锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。
②He began studying them, trying to learn the differences between the birds and noticing their different behaviours.
他开始研究它们，试图了解鸟儿之间的差异，注意它们不同的行为。
③His views differ considerably from those of his parents.
他的观点与其父母大相径庭。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It makes a difference which you choose, so you should pay more attention.
②Putting up some new wallpaper has made all the difference to the place.
③Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently (different)．
翻译句子
④You can ask him again if you want, but it won't make any difference—he'll still say no.
你如果愿意可以再去问他，但结果还是一样——他还会说不。
3.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
①They ordered that for every tree cut down two more should be planted.
他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵树。
②It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.
孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
③I left medicine anyway.I wasn't really cut out for it.
我还是不再从医。我不太合适干那个。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I usually cut across the park on my way home.
② The rebels have cut off electricity from the capital.
③ Cut the meat up into small pieces.
翻译句子
④When you do get through, you've got to speak quickly before you get cut off.
电话一接通，你得在通话中断前快点儿说。
4.compare...with/to...与……比较
①Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago.
与40年前相比，卫生保健的水平得到了极大提高。
②The landscape here is beyond compare.
风景这边独好。
③The telecom industry in Australia is very small in comparison with the rest of the world.
澳大利亚电信业与世界其他地区电信业相比规模很小。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Compare some recent work with/to your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved.
② By comparison, expenditure(经费)on education increased last year.
③Young people are compared to the sunlight at 8 and 9 in the morning.
翻译句子
④Children seem to learn more interesting things compared to when we were at school.
与我们上学时相比，孩子们现在学的有趣的东西似乎更多一些。
重 点 句 型
1.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(P41)
一个足球运动员不应该假装跌倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
J 句型剖析
even if“即使；虽然”，在句中引导让步状语从句。
①Even if there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.
尽管所有的音乐团体都有共同的精神，但他们创作的音乐却截然不同。
②(2021·浙江高考)Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent，he moved forward，gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse.
尽管他经常觉得自己会被认为是个没有天赋的人，他还是继续前进，获得了附近剧场的奖学金。
③It sounds as though you had a good time.
听起来你好像过得挺愉快。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)As we age, even if/though we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.
② It felt as though he had run a marathon.
翻译句子
③You can still go out for a good meal even if you are on a fairly strict diet.
即使你的饮食相当严格，你也可以出去好好吃一顿。
2.Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.(P42)
一旦我开始思考身体健康而不是体重，事情就开始了改变。
J 句型剖析
rather than意为“而不是”，连接两个同等成分。
①We tend to be traditional rather than fashion-forward in our designs.
我们的设计往往流于传统而没有超前意识。
②High-quality praise should focus on children's efforts，rather than on results.
高质量的表扬应该关注孩子的努力，而不是结果。
③I would rather sleep than watch this movie.
我宁愿睡觉也不看这部电影。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① Kids would rather play than study.
②John, rather than his roommates, is (be)to blame.
翻译句子
③She worked as a secretary，or rather，a personal assistant.
她当了秘书，确切地讲，是私人助理。
3.I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.(P41)
我同意这样的观点：即使假装跌倒有利于他/她的球队，足球运动员也决不应该这样做。
J 句型剖析
本句是复合句。主句是I agree with the idea。that引导的是同位语从句，even if引导的是让步状语从句。
①There is no possibility that we can get there on time，because the heavy snow held up our flight.
我们按时到那里是不可能的，因为大雪延误了我们的航班。
②The news that they had won the game soon spread all over the school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
③Word came that he had passed the college entrance examination.
有消息说他通过了高考。
④There is a rule that we should obey.(定语从句)
有一项规则我们应该遵守。
G 归纳拓展
that引导的同位语从句
(1)同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，用来对其前面的名词进行进一步的解释说明。
(2)fact, doubt, order, hope, wish, idea, news, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth, conclusion, word等名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。
(3)在that引导的同位语从句中，that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，一般不可省略，亦不可用which替换。
【辨析】that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别：
引导定语从句 在从句中可充当主语、宾语等 作宾语时，可以省略 对先行词的限制和修饰
引导同位语从句 只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分 通常不能省略 对前面名词的内容解释或说明
J 即学即练
判断画线从句的类型
①The fact that he made a mistake was known to everyone present. 同位语 从句
②The fact that your teacher told you yesterday is of benefit to your research. 定语 从句
③The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. 同位语 从句
④The news that/which you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 定语 从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My fitness has improved a lot compared (compare)with the past.
2．To be honest，what he said the other day makes no difference (different) to me.
3．I live a happier life by being positive about myself.
4．In my opinion, buying such a big house makes no sense to you.
5．He took part in the championship hosted by China to compete with/against the world's gymnastics masters.
6．The man cheated a company of one million yuan by pretending to be (be)a government official.
7．The old and the young are cheated (cheat) easily.
8．She looks slimmer (slim) than ever before.
9．I don't quite agree with you in a way.
10．It is stressed (stress) in his report that teamwork is of great importance.
11． Millions (million) of visitors have gone abroad so far this year.
12．The girl will go on a diet with determination and try to be slim and graceful.
13．He would walk rather than jog (jog) in the morning.
14．He cut out the article and stuck it on his notebook.
15．In common with most of the teenagers, the girl is curious about everything around her.
16．I think I've got one of the most stressful (stress) jobs in the world.
Ⅱ.选词填空
make sense，even if， make a difference， rather than， cut out， now and then， compare ...to...， agree with
1．The weather in the north doesn't agree with him，where it is too cold.
2．A balanced diet makes a difference in our physical and mental health.
3．When I meet with failure，I will face it bravely rather than lose heart.
4．Most of the athletes never give up training even if they are injured.
5．I do some jogging every day, and never cut it out.I think it makes sense to do so.
6．He cut out smoking to two cigarettes every day.
7．The young are often compared to the rising sun in the morning.
8．For my fitness，I work out regularly，and sweat now and then .
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that 1.it was impossible.I 2.worried (worry) about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online.Then I read an article 3.that/which said instead of 4.asking (ask) “Am I fat？” I should be asking “Am I fit？” I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! Once I started thinking about 5.fitness (fit) rather than weight, things began to change. 6.Finally (final), I stopped comparing myself 7.with/to actresses and models and 8.looking (look) for things that were wrong with my face or body.Instead, I made 9.a list of the things I liked about myself.By being positive about myself and my body, I became both 10.happier (happy) and healthier.Section Ⅳ 写作指导
写一篇健康报告书
写作储备
阅读教材P42健康报告，提炼健康报告的写作特点。
Ⅰ.黄金写作模板
Ⅱ.写作语言特色
使用恰当的描绘性语言，准确地表达出自己或他人在过去及现在的健康状况。
Ⅲ.写作常用词汇
1．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
2．weight n．体重
3．diet n．饮食
4．challenge v．挑战
5．refreshed adj.恢复精神的
6．energetic adj.充满活力的
7．worry about担心
8．keep fit保持健康
9．catch a cold now and then时常感冒
Ⅳ.写作常用句型
1．I add healthy food to my meals.
我把健康食品加到我的饮食中。
2．I made a list of the things I liked about myself.
我对自己喜欢的东西列了一个清单。
3．By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier.
对自己和自己的身体有了积极肯定的态度后，我变得更幸福，更健康了。
4．I read an article that said performing tai chi would make a difference.
我读过一篇文章，上面写道打太极拳会有作用。
5．I make it a rule to get up early.
早起成了我的一项有规律的活动。
6．My body is building up by working out every day.
通过天天锻炼，我的身体正在慢慢强壮起来。
典例剖析
请根据上面关于健康报告书的框架结构，写一篇短文。
过去 ①幼年时期，身体虚弱；经常感冒②不能够正常上学
转折点 读到一篇关于早晨慢跑的文章
现在 ①养成早起和慢跑的习惯②感到精神焕发，精力充沛③身体逐步恢复；日常生活从中受益
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.定框架→好的开始，成功的一半
体裁 健康报告书
人称 第一人称
时态 一般过去时和一般现在时
框架 第一段：描述过去状况第二段：现在状况第三段：总结
Ⅱ.定要点、关键词及动词时态→打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：幼年时期，我身体虚弱。(weak)
When I was a little child, I was weak.
要点二：我经常感冒。(catch a cold)
I caught a cold now and then.
要点三：正常上学很困难。(动名词短语作主语；difficult)
Going to school regularly was difficult.
要点四：我读到一篇文章。(article)
I read an article.
要点五：这篇文章上说早晨慢跑有效果。(jog；make a difference)
The article said jogging in the morning would make a real difference.
要点六：我起得很早；慢跑半个小时。(get up)
I get up early and jog for about half an hour.
要点七：我感到精神焕发，精力充沛。(refresh；energetic)
I feel refreshed and energetic.
要点八：通过每天锻炼，我的身体正在逐步恢复。(build up；work out)
My body is building up by working out every day.
要点九：它对我的日常生活有极大的益处。(benefit)
It benefits my daily life greatly.
Ⅲ.词汇、句式升级→创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用so...that连接要点一和要点二
When I was a little child, I was so weak that I caught a cold now and then.
升级句式二：用定语从句连接要点四和要点五
I read an article, which said jogging in the morning would make a real difference.
升级句式三：用make it a rule to改写要点六
I make it a rule to get up early and jog for about half an hour.
升级句式四：用定语从句连接要点八和要点九
My body is building up by working out every day, which benefits my daily life greatly.
Ⅳ.组建极优作文→水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
参考范文：
When I was a little child, I was so weak that I caught a cold now and then. As a result, going to school regularly was a big challenge to me.
Then I read an article, which said jogging in the morning would make a real difference. So I follow the advice and put it into practice every day. Now, I make it a rule to get up early and jog for about half an hour. After that, I feel refreshed and energetic.
At present, my body is building up by working out every day, which benefits my daily life greatly.
J 即学即练
你校英语报健康栏目在征文，请你写一篇稿件参赛。内容如下：
1．你过去的身体状况；
2．改变历程；
3．现状。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
I am a high school student. In the past I always felt worried about my health，because I was overweight. I felt sleepy often and felt tired. I didn't want to do any sports.
Later，I decided to change this situation. First, I changed my diet，stopping eating junk food. Instead，I ate more fruit and vegetables. Besides，I began to take more exercise to keep fit.
At present，I became much happier and better about myself. This has made me more confident. I have made more friends and enjoy trying new things.UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
主题语境 单元语法 单元写作
人与社会——运动与健康 附加疑问句 健康报告
语言知识 语音知识 语调：升调(?)、降调(?)、升降调(∧)以及降升调(∨)
单词巧记 fitness, boxing, hostess, honourable, championship, determination, injured, graceful, failure, competition, push-up, ski, host, track, sweat, master, cheat, diet, jog, stress
高频单词 fitness, event, host, track, honour, lead, determination, injure, face, failure, compete, pretend, million, cheat, audience, diet, stress
重点短语 come along, work out, make it, up to, set an example for/to, fall apart, lose heart, become/be known as, give up, make sense, even if/though, instead of, make a difference, rather than, cut...out, add...to..., compare ... with/to
常用句式 ①make＋宾语＋宾补 ②现在完成进行时 ③that引导的同位语从句
[导语]谈到体育，我们会想到郎平、乔丹等体育明星，但是平凡的人也可以创造自己的奇迹。让我们看一下作者经过自己的努力取得了什么成就。
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps(跑道等的一圈)and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was“not athletic”．
The idea that I was“not athletic”stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!
The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”
By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m.or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a“marathon winner”．
1．A month before the marathon, the author C .
A．was well trained B．felt scared
C．made up his mind to run D．lost hope
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Yet，I was determined to go ahead.”可知，尽管“我”比赛前受伤，但依然决定要跑马拉松。故选C项。
2．Why did the author mention the P．E.class in his 7th year？ C
A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C．To show he was not talented in sports.
D．To share a precious memory.
解析： 推理判断题。体育课上老师对“我”的评价是“not athletic”，这从侧面证明了“我”不具备运动天赋。故选C项。
3．How was the author's first marathon？ A
A．He made it.
B．He quit halfway.
C．He got the first prize.
D．He walked to the end.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！”可知，“我”最后成功地完成了马拉松比赛。故选A项。
4．What does the story mainly tell us？ B
A．A man owes his success to his family support.
B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．One is never too old to learn.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，这篇文章主要想告诉读者胜利者要具备挑战自我的精神和坚强的意志。故选B项。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． soccer n.足球；足球运动
2． stadium n.体育场；运动场
3． boxing n.拳击(运动)
4． badminton n.羽毛球运动
5． marathon n.马拉松赛跑
6． event n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
7． ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪
8． host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→ hostess n.女主人；女主持人
9． track n.跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi.追踪；跟踪
10． gym n.健身房；体育馆→ gymnastics n.体操(训练)
11． sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗
n．汗水；出汗
12． athlete n.运动员；运动健儿
13． master n.高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
14． honour n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
15． glory n.荣誉；光荣；赞美
16． medal n.奖章；勋章
17． champion n.冠军；优胜者→ championship n.锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
18． determination n.决心；决定
19． apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片
20． injure vt.使受伤；损害→ injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→ injury n.伤害；损伤
21． captain n.(运动队)队长；船长；机长
22． graceful adj.优美的；优雅的；→ grace n.优美；优雅自然
23． strength n．力量；体力→ strengthen v.(使)变强；加强；增强→ strong adj.强壮的；结实的；强大的→ strongly adv.强烈地；坚定地
24． failure n.失败；失败的人(或事物)→ fail v．失败；不及格
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．be filled with 充满
3．take part in 参加
4．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决
5．make it 获得成功；准时到达
6． at least至少
7．lose weight 减轻体重；减肥
8． at first首先；第一
9．get used to 习惯于
10．set an example树立榜样
11．think about 考虑
12．relate... to ...把……和……联系起来
13． at home and abroad在国内外
14．prepare for ...为……做准备
15．fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃
16．because of 因为；由于
17．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
18．be/become known as 作为……而闻名；被称之为
19．learn from ...向……学习
20．give up 放弃；投降
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Jordan's skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique .
乔丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他的精神力量使他与众不同。
2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”自1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
Ⅳ.课文预读
(Ⅰ)Reading for the main idea.
1．What's the main idea of the text？ A
A．It's about living legends, Lang Ping and Michael Jordan.
B．It's about volleyball games.
C．It's about basketball games.
D．It's about the Boys and Girls Club.
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph. BA
Para.1 A．The spirit of winning at all costs.
Para.2 B．The spirit of struggling hard and teamwork.
(Ⅱ)Reading for the details.
1．What does the“living legends”mean in the text？ A
A．Masters in their sport and examples for others.
B．Volleyball player Lang Ping.
C．Michael Jordan as a coach.
D．The world champions in sport.
2．Which of the following is true about Lang Ping according to the passage？ D
A．She is the best player of China women's volleyball team now.
B．She led the team to champions in the 2015 World Cup in Brazil.
C．She once had heart problems in the Olympics.
D．She brought honour and glory to our country as a player and coach.
3．What does the word“still” mean in Paragraph 2？ B
A．Right. B．Not moving.
C．Quiet. D．Surprising.
4．Why is Michael Jordan known as“Air Jordan”according to the passage？ D
A．Because he changed basketball.
B．Because he learns from his failure.
C．Because his mental strength in the game.
D．Because his graceful moves and jumps.
5．The secret to Jordan's success is C .
A．accepting failures
B．practising harder
C．learning from failures
D．losing games
核 心 单 词
1.track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi.追踪；跟踪
①Passengers are requested not to walk across the tracks.
乘客不要穿越铁轨。
②It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending.
对他们来说，这是一种非常有效的记录支出的方法。
③It's difficult to track an animal over stony ground.
很难在多石的地面上追踪动物。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The only evidence of pandas was their tracks (track) in the snow.
②(2022·全国乙卷)Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
③ The police are on the track of the killer.
翻译句子
④You become so deeply absorbed in an activity that you lose track of time.
你是那么专注于一项活动，以致忘了时间。
2.honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
①He was showered with honours—among them an Oscar.
他获得了很多荣誉——其中包括奥斯卡奖。
②It was named in honour of our departed hero.
它是为了纪念我们死去的英雄而命名的。
③Ms Payne said she was honoured to accept the appointment and looked forward to its challenges.
佩恩女士说她很荣幸接受这一任命，并期待着它所带来的挑战。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It's an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
②The monument was built in honour of the soldiers who sacrificed (牺牲) their lives for the country.
翻译句子
③两名消防队员因他们的勇气而受到表彰。
Two firefighters have been honoured for their courage.
3.determination n．决心；决定
①Only those who have enough courage and determination can overcome the difficulty they meet with.
只有那些有足够勇气和决心的人才能克服他们所遇到的困难。
②It is only our determination to fight that has pulled us through.
是我们战斗的决心才使我们渡过了难关。
③Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
不知出于什么动机，他决定要写一本书。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① He determined to rescue (rescue)his two countrymen.
②Did he determine on/upon an early start
③I'm determined (determine) to succeed.
翻译句子
④Young people should be led to believe that anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and perseverance.
应该让年轻人去相信任何事情都是有可能的，任何事情都不能阻挡他们的决心和毅力。
4.injure vt.使受伤；损害
①A number of bombs have exploded，seriously injuring at least five people.
一些炸弹爆炸了，至少5人严重受伤。
②Doctors and nurses tended the injured.
医生和护士照顾受伤者。
③Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.
在这次火车撞车事故中几名乘客受了重伤。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Two other tourists and two policemen who tried to intervene were also injured (injure)．
② Injuries (injure) to the arms are common among these workers.
翻译句子
③Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.
救护车把伤者送到了附近的一所医院。
5.strength n．力量；体力
①We will struggle on, drawing our strength from the courage of others.
我们应该从其他人的勇气中汲取力量，继续奋斗。
②Apple stock dropped with incredible speed on the strength of the rumor.
在谣言的强大作用下，苹果公司的股票以惊人速度下跌。
③Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones.
任何经历都可以让你学到东西，使你变得坚定，那些更困难的经历尤其如此。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Take into account your own strengths (strength) and weaknesses.
②Cycling is good exercise; it strengthens (strength) all the muscles of the body.
翻译句子
③Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。
必 备 短 语
1.come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
①There's a barbecue tonight and you're very welcome to come along.
今晚有个烧烤野餐，非常欢迎你一起来。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When you come across such words，check a dictionary to confirm their exact pronunciations.
当你遇到这样的单词时，查字典确认它们的准确发音。
③(2021 ·浙江高考)Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace，often came over to plant flowers in the front yard.
玛丽的姐姐，弗朗西斯·托德·华莱士，经常过来在前院种花。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①One of the teachers came up and started talking to me.
②(2021·全国乙卷) But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
③When it comes to getting things done, he's useless.
翻译句子
④I will then come to a conclusion based on what I have learnt.
然后我会根据我所知道的事情做一个总结。
2.work out锻炼；计算出；解决
①The details of the plan are still being worked out.
计划的细节还在制定中。
②(2021·全国乙卷)This kind of“distracted focus”appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
这种“分散注意力”似乎是进行创造性工作的最佳状态。
③Don't phone me at work—people will talk.
别在上班时给我打电话，人家会说闲话的。
G 归纳拓展
M 名师点津
work out作“解决；制定”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼；产生结果”讲时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The deal just isn't working out the way we were promised.
②(2021·全国乙卷)I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago.
③I've been working at my assignment all day.
翻译句子
④Despite applying for hundreds of jobs，he is still out of work.
尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。
3.make it获得成功；准时到达
①She made it to the top on her smarts.
她靠自己的聪明才智获得成功。
②How do you manage to stay so slim
你是怎样把身材保持得这么苗条的？
③Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
只有通过努力工作，我们才能获得成功。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①So you did make it to America, after all.
②How did she manage to struggle (struggle) free
翻译句子
③They were successful in winning the contract.
他们终于争取到了那份合同。
4.fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
①I was falling apart. I wasn't getting any sleep.
我要崩溃了。我根本睡不着觉。
②(2021·全国甲卷)The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down. It was a real mess.
窗帘掉了下来，灯也掉了下来。真是一团糟。
③Boris is falling behind all the top players.
鲍里斯正落后于所有的顶尖选手。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①She fell off her horse and put her shoulder out.
②He has her support to fall back on when the going gets tough.
③I had no idea that when I stood，the desk would fall over and hurt her leg.
翻译句子
④Many foreign tourists fall in love with China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
很多外国游客在第一次游览中国这个伟大国家时，就爱上了她。
5.give up放弃；投降
①If she had had to give up riding she might have taken up sailing competitively.
如果当时她不得不放弃马术，她可能就已经从事帆船竞赛了。
②(2021·浙江高考)He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on，can make for a remarkable life.
他向我们展示了，即使是一个愿望，永不放弃，也可以创造一个非凡的生活。
③I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and registered me for skating classes.
我一直催着父母，直到他们最终让步给我报了名上溜冰课。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He was giving his collection away for free.
② He should give way to a younger，more decisive leader.
③There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets.
翻译句子
④If plastic and rubber are burnt, they'll give off poisonous gases.
要是塑料和橡胶被焚，就会放出有毒的气体。
重 点 句 型
1.Why don't you join us this Saturday afternoon？(P36)
你为什么不周六下午一起来呢？
J 句型剖析
Why don't you do sth.？是建议对方做某事的句型，意为“你为什么不做某事呢？”相当于Why not do sth.？而Why do sth.？表示责备，意为“为什么要做某事呢？”
①Why don't you negotiate directly with him and solve this issue once and for all
您为什么不直接与他进行协商，一劳永逸地解决这个问题？
②How about going hiking
去远足怎么样？
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Why don't you learn (learn) to play your guitar
②We can communicate in our spare time；how about using (use)WeChat
翻译句子
③Why not tell her you're quitting and have done with it
为什么不告诉她你打算辞职，尽快把这件事了结了呢？
2.Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.(P38)
失去两名重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但是郎平没有失去信心。
J 句型剖析
Losing two important players为动词的-ing形式，在句中作主语，此时，谓语动词用单数。
①Hurrying to school every day and having to pass exams sounds a bit too much for her.
每天匆匆忙忙地赶去学校，还要通过考试，这些对她来说似乎有点太多了。
②It is no use worrying about it.
为这事担心无济于事。
③Tom's coming late to school made the teacher very angry.
汤姆上学迟到使老师很生气。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds (remind) me of the popular Beatles' song“The Long and Winding Road”．
②So being interesting at a dinner party isn't (be not) that hard.
③ Running (run) the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
翻译句子
④Learning English as a second language can be an interesting experience.
学习英语作为第二语言可能是一个有趣的经历。
3.The player who became known as“Air Jordan”changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.(P38)
这位被称为“飞人乔丹”的球员用他那优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。
J 句型剖析
who became known as“Air Jordan”是定语从句，修饰先行词player，关系代词who在定语从句中作主语。
①The one who keeps his word is popular everywhere.
遵守诺言的人到哪里都受欢迎。
②Moreover, water parks that were allowed to open in China by May were pretty much able to capture summer tourism.
此外，五月份前允许在中国开放的水上公园，非常吸引夏季旅游。
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When feeling depressed, I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories.
当我感到沮丧的时候，我通常会选择欣赏小说的章节，其中包含了很多富有想象力的故事。
G 归纳拓展
定语从句的关系代词：
(1)关系代词代替前面的名词，把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来，并在从句中作一定的成分(如作主语、宾语或定语等)。
(2)关系代词who，whom指人；which指物；whose，that既可指人，也可指物。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① The author whom/who you criticized in your review has written a reply.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
③This is the book which/that has been retranslated into many languages.
翻译句子
④他是我尊重其意见的人。
He's a man whose opinion I respect.
4.The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.(P38)
他在芝加哥创办的男孩女孩俱乐部自1996年以来一直在帮助年轻人。
J 句型剖析
本句是复合句。which引导的是定语从句，修饰club，which在从句中作宾语。本句中has been helping是现在完成进行时。
①I have been waiting for an hour，but she hasn't come yet.
我一直等了一个小时，但是她还没来。
②The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.
这位老人修车修了三十年了。
G 归纳拓展
意义 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去
形式 has/have been doing
J 即学即练
完成句子
①He has been cleaning the window from this morning till now.
从今天早上到现在他一直在擦窗户。
②She is very tired.She has been working all morning.
她很累。她干了一早晨了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I think the key to success is never to be afraid of failure (fail)．
2．We should not only know our strengths (strong), but also know our weaknesses.
3．He was injured (injure) in the track and field competition, and the injury (injure) was serious.
4．He felt greatly honoured (honour) to make a speech here.
5．He fought the illness with courage and determination (determine)．
6．The old tradition is sure to fall apart .
7．She is caring for her sick mother at home and can't attend the meeting.
8．He has worked/has been working (work) in that company since he left school five years ago.
9．He seems to have known (know) the result of the great event.
10．No one knows for sure what he is doing recently.
Ⅱ.选词填空
give up， at home and abroad， take part in， fall apart， lose heart， work out， set an example， because of， keep track of
1．On the Internet, we can learn about what is going on at home and abroad .
2．I feel better because I keep a healthy diet and work out regularly to be physically fit.
3．I feel sorry to know your grades have been slipping down (下滑) because of your pride and laziness.
4．Last weekend，I took part in an activity to visit the elderly people in the nursing home.
5．Doctor Zhang Dingyu has set an example for all of us and we must learn from him.
6．The world's transport systems would fall apart without a supply of electricity.
7．If it's rainy tomorrow, we had better give up the idea of playing tennis outside.
8．No matter what difficulties we may face，we should never lose heart .
9．The police have been keeping track of the underground plant for three months.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed 1.to stand (stand) still.The player 2.who became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful 3.moves (move) and jumps.Jordan's skills were 4.impressive (impress), but the mental strength that he showed made 5.him (he) unique.In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find 6.a way to win.Jordan says that the secret 7.to his success is learning from his failures.“I can accept failure; everyone 8.fails (fail) at something.But I can't accept not trying.” 9.Losing (lose) games taught him to practice harder and never give up.In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others.The Boys and Girls Club which he 10.started (start) in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
