WELCOME UNIT
主题语境 单元语法 单元写作
人与自我——高中新生的学校生活 句子成分 句型结构 个人简介
语言知识 语音知识 掌握a，e，i，o，u五个元音字母的发音及其规律
单词巧记 designer, annoyed, impression, concentration, exploration, confidence, forward, formal, personality, outgoing
高频单词 exchange, lecture, designer, formal, annoyed, senior, impression, concentrate, awkward, frightened, explore, confident, goal, curious, revise
重点短语 leave...alone, happen to, look forward to, come true, take notes, be busy doing, depend on/upon, on one's own, decide on
常用句式 ①“What if...”句型 ②“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构 ③“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构④either... or...连接两个平行结构 ⑤状语从句的省略
[导语]作者第一天在伦敦上学，并没有受到同学的热情欢迎，他是怎么做的呢？
First day at school
It was my first day at school in London and I was half-excited and half-frightened. On my way to school, I wondered what questions the other boys would ask me and practiced all the answers, “I am nine years old. I was born here but I haven't lived here since I was two. I was living in Farley. It's about thirty miles away. I came back to London two months ago.”I also wondered if it was the rule for boys to fight strangers like me, but I was tall for my age. I hoped they would decide not to risk it.
No one took any notice of me before school. I stood in the center of the playground, expecting someone to say“hello”， but no one spoke to me.
My teacher was called Mr Jones. There were 42 boys in the class, so I didn't stand out there, either, until the first lesson of the afternoon. Mr Jones was very fond of Charles Dickens, so he asked several boys if they knew Dickens’birth-place, but no one guessed right. A boy called Brian, the biggest in the class, said, “Timbuktu”， and Mr Jones went red in the face. Then he asked me. I said, “Portsmouth”， and everyone stared at me because Mr Jones said I was right. This didn't make me very popular, of course.“He thinks he's clever, ”I heard Brian say.
After that, we went out to the playground to play football. I was in Brian's team, and he obviously had Dickens in mind because he told me to go in goal. No one ever wanted to be the goalkeeper.
“He's big enough and useless enough, ”Brian said when someone asked him why he had chosen me.
As the boy kicked the ball hard along the ground to my right, I threw myself down quickly and saved it. All my team crowded round me. My bare knees were grazed and bleeding. Brian took out a handkerchief and offered it to me.
“Do you want to join my gang (team)？” he said.
At the end of the day, I was no longer a stranger.
1. Which question didn't the author prepare to answer？ C
A．How old are you
B．Where are you from
C．Do you want to join my gang
D．When did you come back to London
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I am nine years old. I was born here... I came back to London two months ago.”可知， 作者没准备“Do you want to join my gang？”这个问题的答案。故选C。
2. What can we learn from the passage？ B
A．Boys were usually unfriendly to new students.
B．The author was not greeted as he expected.
C．Brian praised the author for his cleverness.
D．The author was glad to be a goalkeeper.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“I stood in the center of the playground, expecting someone to say‘hello’， but no one spoke to me.(我站在操场中央， 期待有人向我问好， 但没有人和我说话。)”可知， 当时没有人搭理作者， 这与他预期的不一样。故选B。
3．The underlined part“I didn't stand out”in Paragraph 3 means that the author was not D .
A．reliable B．nervous
C．important D．noticeable
解析： 句意理解题。根据第三段中的“There were 42 boys in the class”可推知， 因为男生太多了， 作者并不显眼， 没有引起大家的注意。故选D。
4. The author was offered a handkerchief because C .
A．he was in Brian's team
B．he was a new comer
C．he was beginning to be accepted
D．he pushed a player in the other team
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At the end of the day, I was no longer a stranger.(最后， 我不再是陌生人了。)”可推知， 作者开始被同学们接纳了。故选C。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． exchange n.交换；交流 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
2． lecture n.讲座；讲课；教训 vi.(开)讲座；讲课 vt.训斥
3． register vt.& vi.登记；注册→ registration n.登记；注册；挂号
4． female adj.女(性)的；雌的 n．雌性动(植)物；女子→ male adj.男(性)的；雄的 n．雄性动(植)物；男子
5． nation n.国家；民族；国民→ national adj.国家的；民族的→ nationality n.国籍；民族
6． design n.设计；设计方案 vt.设计；筹划→ designer n.设计者
7． campus n.校园；校区
8． formal adj.正式的；正规的 adj.非正式的；非正规的
9． anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
10． annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰→ annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的
11． frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的
12． senior adj.级别(或地位)高的 n．较年长的人
13． outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的
14． impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目→ impression n.印象；感想
15． concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神
16． experiment n.实验；试验
17． explore vt.& vi.探索；勘探
18． confident adj.自信的；有把握的→ confidence n.信心；信任
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．an exchange student一名交换生
2． on campus在校园
3． at the airport在飞机场
4．What's up ？怎么了？
5． at last终于；最终
6．make an impression 留下好印象
7．what if 要是……会怎么样呢？
8．concentrate on 集中精力于
9．leave... alone 不打扰；不惊动
10．not... at all根本不；一点也不
11． junior high school(美国)初级中学
12．not... any more不再
Ⅲ.重点句型
1． What if no one talks to me
要是没有人和我说话怎么办？
2．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful .
我发现大部分同学和老师既友好又乐于助人。
3．I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.
我感觉现在比早上自信多了。
Ⅳ.课文预读
(Ⅰ)Reading for the main idea.
What's the main idea of the text？ C
A．The difficult maths class.
B．Han Jing's anxiety.
C．Hang Jing's first impressions on her first school day.
D．The great chemistry lesson.
(Ⅱ)Reading for the details.
1．Han Jing felt anxious before school because C .
A．she was not beautiful
B．she was not good at study
C．she was not outgoing
D．she was very poor
2．How was the maths teacher A
A．Kind and friendly.
B．Strict and cold.
C．Learned and handsome.
D．Outgoing and kind.
3．Where did Han Jing have the chemistry class C
A．In the classroom.
B．In the library.
C．In the science lab.
D．In the dining hall.
4．Why couldn't Han Jing concentrate on the experiment in the chemistry class？ D
A．Because she didn't like chemistry.
B．Because she didn't feel well.
C．Because the teacher was not friendly.
D．Because a guy tried to talk to her all the time.
5．What's the meaning of the word“explore”in the last paragraph？ A
A．To examine sth.in order to find more about it.
B．To do an experiment on sth..
C．To travel or go around sth..
D．To make a deep impression on sth..
核 心 单 词
1.exchange n．交换；交流 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
①I buy you lunch and you fix my computer. Is that a fair exchange
我请你吃午饭，你给我修计算机，这算是公平交易吧？
②I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。
③You can exchange your pounds for dollars in this bank.
你可以在这个银行把你的英镑兑换成美元。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for some food then.
②There've been some bitter exchanges (exchange) between the two groups.
③ Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera
翻译句子
④(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)最近， 学生们就如何在课外学好英语交换看法，其结果如下。
Recently, students have exchanged opinions on how to learn English well beyond the classroom and the results are as follows.
2.design n．设计；设计方案 vt.设计；筹划
①The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.
从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。
②The gloves were designed for extremely cold climate.
这些手套是为严寒地区设计的。
③Carolyne is a fashion designer.
卡罗琳是位时装设计师。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
① The software is designed for use in schools.
②I'm sure he ignored you by accident and not by design.
③This project is designed to help (help)homeless people.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is designed (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems...”
翻译句子
⑤据说早期欧洲的纸牌游戏是为娱乐和教育而设计的。
It is said that the early European playing-cards were designed for entertainment and education .
3.anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
①Some students, hoping to get a high score, are anxious about the coming exam results.
一些希望获得高分的学生为即将到来的考试结果担忧。
②He is anxious that there (should)be no delay.
他急切希望不会有任何延误。
③Watching him climb up the top of the building, everybody was breathless with anxiety.
看着他爬上楼顶， 大家都捏一把汗。
④They are waiting anxiously to see who will succeed him.
他们在焦虑不安地等着看谁将接替他。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It's natural for parents to be anxious about their children's future.
②(2022·全国乙卷)When I was 14, I was so anxious to see (see)more art that a friend of mine and I bicycled across the Alps to see Venice.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Seized by a strong sense of anxiety (anxious), I began to panic.
翻译句子
④She must have wondered with anxiety and started to analyze the whole thing.
她一定在焦虑中琢磨了很久并开始分析起整件事情来。
⑤睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.
4.annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的
①I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.
我气我自己那么轻易就让步了。
②Tina really annoyed me in the meeting this morning.
在今天上午的会上， 蒂娜真是把我气坏了。
③Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.
细菌对宇航员来说是个烦人的问题。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I was annoyed (annoy)that they hadn't turned up.
②Elena was annoyed at/about having had to wait so long for him.
③She annoyed him with her stupid questions.
完成句子
④ What annoyed me most was the way he laughed at my mistake.
最使我生气的是他嘲笑我的错误的方式。
5.senior adj.级别(或地位)高的 n．较年长的人
①He Zhenliang is a senior member of Olympic Committee.
何振梁是一位资深的奥委会委员。
②He is two years senior to me.
＝He is senior to me by two years.
他比我大两岁。
③The seniors are planning to have a gathering.
这些毕业生正计划举行一次聚会。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees.
②My brother is senior to me by two years.
完成句子
③I can't remember quarreling with him in junior high school .
我不记得在初中时跟他吵过架。
④As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.
作为明年的毕业生，我认为额外的课时应该用来上选修课程。
⑤(2019·江苏卷单选)To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
为了享受数字化支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。
6.impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目
①He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要。
②She left me with the impression that she was unhappy with her job.
她给我的印象是她不满意自己的工作。
③The bridge is not as impressive as some guides would have you believe.
这座桥并不像有些导游试图让你相信的那样令人印象深刻。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Even so, she impressed the world with courage.
②As a general rule, keeping smiling can leave a good impression on/upon the interviewers.
③She was very impressive (impress) in the interview.
④(2022·全国甲卷)Antarctica left an impression (impress) on me that no other place has.
一句多译
我坚信今年的音乐节会给你留下深刻的印象。
⑤I hold the firm belief that this year's music festival will impress you deeply .(impress)
⑥I hold the firm belief that you will be deeply impressed with this year's music festival.(impressed)
⑦I do believe that this year's music festival will surely leave a deep impression on you .(impression)
7.concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神
①He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.
他感觉不舒服。但他仍然去上班， 并且努力集中精神工作。
②This book requires a great deal of concentration.
这本书需要全神贯注才能读懂。
③He made a concentrated effort to finish the work on time.
他全力以赴以按时完成这项工作。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Could you stop that thing from beating; it's throwing my concentration (concentrate) off!
②I can't concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.
③We should make a more concentrated (concentrate)effort to reach out to troubled kids.
翻译句子
④I couldn't concentrate, maybe because I was so tired.
我不能集中精力， 大概是太累了。
必 备 短 语
1.leave... alone不打扰；不惊动
①Go away and leave me alone!
走开，别打扰我！
②I've told you before—leave my things alone!
我告诉过你——别碰我的东西！
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
介、副词填空
①I think we should leave off now and have a cup of tea.
②Can you tell me the time I've left my watch behind .
③She left out an important detail in her account.
④Don't you think we'd leave for the concert now
⑤A railway station is no place for a child to be left alone at night.
2.happen to发生
①(2020·江苏)He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives—it's what we make of what happens.
他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活， 而是我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。
②Wherever you happen to see such things is not strange.
无论什么地方你碰巧看到那样的事都不奇怪。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
完成句子
①A car accident happened to Ashley this morning.
今天上午艾许莉发生了交通事故。
②I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
③An accident happened in that street.
那条街上发生了一起事故。
重 点 句 型
1.What if no one talks to me？(P4)要是没有人和我说话怎么办？
J 句型剖析
What if...？是固定句式， 意为“要是……会怎么样呢？”。
what if表示假设
对现在情况的表达， 不用虚拟语气， 用一般现在时
对过去、将来的推测、假设， 需要用虚拟语气(用一般过去时， 或should＋动词原形)
①What if the train is late
火车要是晚点怎么办？
②What if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon
要是我今天下午不来， 明天来， 怎么样？
③What if anything should happen to the child
万一这孩子出了差错怎么办？
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①What if she finds out that you' ve lost her book
②What if it rains (rain) while we are camping
③What if I should fail (fail)
翻译句子
④如果这行不通怎么办呢？
What if this doesn't work out？
2.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(P4)
我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好、乐于助人。
J 句型剖析
本句是简单句。句中found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构， 其中本句中宾语是most of my classmates and teachers, 宾补是friendly and helpful。
①They find people in that area very happy.
他们发现那个地区的人非常幸福。
②He found a thief caught by the police.
他发现一个贼被警察抓住了。
③He found a thief stealing a girl's mobile phone.
他发现一个小偷正在偷一个女孩的手机。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping (weep) from the cold.
②(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted (greet)by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.
③We all find him kind and helpful (help)．
完成句子
④You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.
只要你不断地练习，就不会觉得剪纸困难。
⑤When you are walking in your campus, you will find several students from other schools walking as well.
当你在校园漫步时，你会发现有几名其他学校的学生也在散步。
⑥They found her walking alone and depressed on the beach.
他们发现她独自一人、神情沮丧地走在海滩上。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Lvqiu Luwei was the first Chinese female (女性) reporter to cover the Iraq war in November, 2001.
2．It is also a good idea to allow junior (较低年级) students to leave school 10 minutes earlier than others.
3．I think you'd better pay close attention to the formal (正式的) use of Chinese words and expressions.
4．I feel awkward (尴尬的) when expressing love in words to my parents.
5．I am an outgoing (外向的), responsible and hardworking young man.
6．I'll first show you around our campus (校园) so that you can have a general impression of our school.
7．You can send an E-mail at zgwhxly@ to register (注册)．
8．On your left, behind the flowerbed is the lab building，where we do all kinds of experiments (实验)．
9．Whatever your nationality (国籍) is, you are welcome to attend this feast.
10．There will be a lecture (讲座) about traffic safety at 7 p．m. next Monday.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．Frank made a good impression , so the manager gave him the job.
2．After several delays, he set out at 8 o'clock at last .
3．They said that they had been left alone for 3 days with no food in the house.
4．Don't take yourself too seriously：so what if you make a mistake
5．He found it hard to concentrate on his research in that situation.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Han Jing was a senior student 1.at last, she was a little anxious. Since she wanted to make a good first 2.impression (impress), she was rather worried about 3.whether she could make any friends.
Having had 4.her (she) first maths class in senior high school, she realized though the class was difficult, most of her 5.classmates (classmate) and teachers were friendly and 6.helpful (help)．And in the afternoon, her chemistry class in 7.the science lab was great, even though there was a guy who always made her not concentrate on the experiment.
All day long, Han Jing didn't feel awkward and 8.frightened (frighten) at all.She missed her friends from junior high school, but she believed she would make new friends soon.With a lot 9.to explore (explore) at senior high, she felt more confident and 10.believed (believe) that tomorrow would be a great day.Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
Grammar——句子结构
语法导图
语法讲练
一、句子成分
句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫句子的成分。句子的成分分类如下：
1．主语
D 典例呈现
①They work in a big company.(句首)
他们在一个大公司工作。
②To operate on the blind is one of the doctor's jobs.(不定式作主语， 句首)
为盲人做手术是这个医生的工作之一。
③There are some bottles of milk in the box.(There be句型， 句中)
在这个盒子里有几瓶奶。
④It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”．(整个句子后面， it作形式主语)
玩“不给糖就捣蛋”的游戏非常有趣。
J 即学即练1
用下划线标出句子中的主语
①The classroom is very big.
②What we need is food.
③There is a tall tree in front of the house.
④Playing computer games too much will do harm to your health.
⑤It took these workers about three months to build the house.
答案：
①The classroom is very big.
②What we need is food.
③There is a tall tree in front of the house.
④Playing computer games too much will do harm to your health.
⑤It took these workers about three months to build the house.
2．谓语
D 典例呈现
①He is very generous.
他是非常慷慨的。
②My father will go to Beijing.
我爸爸将去北京。
③We have finished the job.
我们已经完成了这项工作。
J 即学即练2
用下划线标出句子中的谓语
①He can speak German.
②She will leave for America next week.
③The villagers are planting trees on the hill.
④Most of the students haven't finished their homework.
答案：
①He can speak German.
②She will leave for America next week.
③The villagers are planting trees on the hill.
④Most of the students haven't finished their homework.
3．表语
D 典例呈现
①You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)
你看起来比以前年轻。
②Her job is training the nurses.(动名词作表语)
她的工作是培训护士。
③That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.(从句作表语)
那就是他昨天没来上学的原因。
J 即学即练3
用下划线标出句子中的表语
①She looks very smart and cool.
②They are at the theatre.
③My goal is to teach them English.
④My father is a teacher.
⑤My question is when we can finish the task.
答案：
①She looks very smart and cool.
②They are at the theatre.
③My goal is to teach them English.
④My father is a teacher.
⑤My question is when we can finish the task.
4．宾语
注意：在介词后面的名词、代词、动名词等也是宾语， 是介词的宾语。
D 典例呈现
①He never forgives others for their mistakes.
他从不会因为他们的错误而原谅他人。
②He likes to sleep in the open air.
他喜欢在露天睡觉。
③Mother bought me a storybook as a birthday present.(me是间接宾语， a story book是直接宾语)
妈妈给我买了一本故事书作为生日礼物。
④I believe that they can finish the work in time.
我相信他们能及时完成工作。
J 即学即练4
用下划线标出句子中的宾语， 有双宾语的标出直接宾语和间接宾语
①We brought them some food.
②The Americans enjoyed living in China.
③The girl looked after her baby sister yesterday.
④Tom told his teacher that he left his bag at home.
答案：
①We brought them some food．
间接宾语 直接宾语
②The Americans enjoyed living in China.
③The girl looked after her baby sister yesterday.
④Tom told his teacher that he left his bag at home
间接宾语 直接宾语．
5．宾语补足语
D 典例呈现
①If you let me go, I'll make you king.
如果你让我走， 我就让你当国王。
②We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
当我们到达的时候， 发现李明出去了。
③Make yourself at home.
就如在家里一样。
④I saw a girl go into the building.
我看见一个女孩进入了这座建筑。
J 即学即练5
用下划线标出句子中的宾语补足语
①Don't make your hands dirty.
②The boss kept them working all day.
③We call him Jack.
④Tom found his glass broken.
⑤He found all of his classmates in the classroom.
答案：
①Don't make your hands dirty.
②The boss kept them working all day.
③We call him Jack.
④Tom found his glass broken.
⑤He found all of his classmates in the classroom.
6．定语
D 典例呈现
①The yellow bike is mine.
这辆黄色的自行车是我的。
②They made some paper flowers.
他们做了一些纸花。
③The boys in the room are in Class Three.
房间里的这些男孩在三班。
④The boy who is standing there is Peter.
站在那儿的男孩是彼得。
⑤I have something interesting to tell you.
我有些有趣的事情要告诉你。
J 即学即练6
用下划线标出句子中的定语
①Do you know the boy behind the tree
②There is one ball pen in the box.
③The pen bought by her is made in China.
④Beijing is the place where I was born.
答案：
①Do you know the boy behind the tree
②There is one ball pen in the box.
③The pen bought by her is made in China.
④Beijing is the place where I was born.
7．状语
D 典例呈现
①He did it carefully.
他仔细地做这件事情。
②Without his help, we couldn't work it out.
没有他的帮助， 我们不能解决它。
③When I was young, I could swim well.
当我年轻的时候， 我游泳游得很好。
④Luckily, the boy survived the fire.
幸运的是， 这个男孩在火灾中幸存了。
J 即学即练7
用下划线标出句子中的状语
①They missed me very much.
②The film is very interesting.
③In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
④Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
答案：
①They missed me very much.
②The film is very interesting.
③In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
④Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
二、句型结构
说明：主语“ ”；谓语“ ”；宾语“ ”；表语“ ”；宾补 ，定语“( )”；状语“[ ]”。
1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故其后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, appear, work, come true, take place等。
The sun is rising.
太阳正在升起。
The little boy is crying.
小男孩正在哭泣。
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
(1)这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语)，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。
He is watching TV.
他正在看电视。
[Last weekend]our class held a speech contest.
上个周末，我们班举行了演讲比赛。
(2)在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up(＝wake up Li Ling) at 6?30 in the morning.(√)
Please wake her up at 6?30 in the morning.(√)
Please wake up her at 6?30 in the morning.(×)
3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound, look, smell, taste, feel)；变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run)；持续系动词(remain, keep, hold, stay)；表象系动词(seem, appear)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。
Everything looks different.
一切看起来都不同了。
Computers are useful [in people's life.]
电脑在人们的生活中有用。
The problem remains to be settled.
问题依然需要解决。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有：give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有：buy, fetch, save, choose, sing等。
He bought me a birthday present.
他给我买了一个生日礼物。
I showed him my pictures.
我给他看我的照片。
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：
(1)使役动词：keep, make, let, have, leave, get等；
(2)感官动词或短语see, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to等；
(3)其他动词：ask, tell, order, request, permit, allow, persuade等。
Mike told me not to go[now]．
迈克告诉我不要现在走。
They painted the door green.
他们把门刷成了绿色。
6．存现句(There be句型)
There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...＋地点状语”。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live, stand, lie, seem/appear to be(好像有), happen to be(碰巧有), used to be(曾经有)等。
There is a piano [in my study]．
在我的书房里有一架钢琴。
There are 56 students [in my class]．
我的班里有56名学生。
J 即学即练8
判断下列句子的类型
①There is a television in the sitting room.( )
②This placed her in a very difficult position.( )
③The boy looks very happy.( )
④They have worked for three hours.( )
⑤My teacher told me a good piece of news.( )
⑥I haven't bought him a cellphone.( )
⑦I don't like playing volleyball.( )
⑧He watched the piano carried upstairs.( )
答案：
①There be句型 ②S＋V＋O＋OC ③S＋V＋P
④S＋V＋A ⑤S＋V＋IO＋DO ⑥S＋V＋IO＋DO
⑦S＋V＋O ⑧S＋V＋O＋OC
专项练习
Ⅰ.写出黑体部分在句子中所作成分
1．Paper cutting is one of China's the most popular traditional folk arts. 表语
2．I have received some training in my spare time. 状语
3．You make your classes lively and interesting. 宾语补足语
4．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p．m.to 5 p．m.next Friday. 状语
5．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 主语
6．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 宾语
7．I find my room clean and tidy. 宾语补足语
8．I would like to give you some suggestions. 直接宾语
Ⅱ.写出下列句子属于哪类句型
1．I found the problem easy.(SVOC)
2．We will arrive in New York next Thursday.(SVOA)
3．The noise disappeared.(SV)
4．Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.(S V IO DO)
5．There are so many famous novels written in Chinese.(There be句型)
6．It becomes colder these days.(SVPA)
7．The accident happened yesterday afternoon.(SVA)
8．He is tall and strong.(SVP)
9．We will make them happy.(SVOC)
10．We should rely on each other.(SVO)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．different, people, some, hold, ideas
Some people hold different ideas. (SVO)
2．is, away, three, the, miles, town
The town is three miles away. (SP)
3．new, Tom, book, a, bought
Tom bought a new book. (SVO)
4．us, teacher, made, the, laugh
The teacher made us laugh. (SVOC)
5．I, advise, tomorrow, would, waiting, until
I would advise waiting until tomorrow. (SVO)
6．plane, takes, 8, the, off, at, o'clock
The plane takes off at 8 o'clock. (SV)
7．sun, red, rises, the
The red sun rises. (SV)
8．is, teacher, friendly, my, kind, English, and
My English teacher is kind and friendly. (SP)Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． forward adv.向前；前进 adj.向前的；前进的
2． flash n.光；信号 vi.闪耀；闪光；发出信号
vt.使闪耀；发出(信号)
3． organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成立→ organisation n.组织；团体；机构
4． curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的
5． personality n.性格；个性
6． goal n.目标；球门；射门
7． strategy n.策略；策划
8． partner n.同伴；配偶；合伙人
9． improve vt.& vi.改进；改善
10． company n.公司；商行；陪伴
11． style n.方式；作风
12． revise vt.& vi.修改；修订；复习
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．look forward to 盼望；期待
2． at the same time与此同时
3．come true 实现；成为现实
4． go down下降；下落
5．come out 显现；出来
6． take notes记笔记
7． keep a diary记日记
8．make plans for ...为……制订计划
9．be curious about ...对……好奇
10． plan to do sth.计划做某事
11．either... or ...或者……或者……
12． play computer games玩电脑游戏
13．be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
14．begin with ...由……开始
15．do well in ...擅长……，善于……
16． on one's own独自地
17．decide on 决定；选定
18．write down 写下；记下
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．I take notes while listening and reading.
我边听边读边做笔记。
2．You'll never see me without a book or a pen.
你看到我的时候，我永远都拿着一本书或一支笔。
3．If I'm not in class，I'm either in the library or in the computer lab.
如果我不上课，我要么在图书馆要么在计算机实验室。
Ⅳ.课文预读
Read the text on Page 8 and then choose the best answers.
1．What's the main purpose of the two passages？ B
A．To introduce information.
B．To write student profiles.
C．To look for a friend.
D．To make a good impression.
2．What are Ann's hobbies？ C
A．Having sports and asking questions.
B．Learning physics and reading.
C．Dancing and skating.
D．Reading and designing.
3．What does “You'll never see me without a book or a pen.” in passage 2 mean？ A
A．You'll see me with a book and a pen.
B．You'll find that I often lose a book or a pen.
C．You'll see me when you find a book or a pen.
D．I never like to take a book or a pen.
核 心 单 词
1.organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成立
①My first job was to collect and organise a working team.
我第一件事是集合与组织一个工作团队。
②The story is very well organised.
这个故事组织得很好。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
(1)用organise的适当形式填空
The organisation was set up in 1990.Its organiser , Mr.Smith, is an experienced team leader.He has built an organised team. Recently, he is organising an important meeting to expand (扩展) their business.
(2)单句语法填空
①The company organised (organise) a research team to explore new technologies by doing experiments.
②Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation (organise)．
③She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organisation (organise) aiming at getting rid of homelessness.
2.goal n．目标， 目的；球门， 进球得分
①I have learning goals and make plans for my English studies.
我有学习目标并且制定了英语学习计划。
②He scored two goals in the game.
在比赛中他进了两个球。
③The first step towards success is to set your goal.
成功的第一步是设定目标。
④If we take a positive attitude and keep on trying, we will achieve our goals in the end.
如果我们采取积极的态度并不断努力的话， 最终我们是可以实现目标的。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
完成句子
① Set a goal (确立目标)and work on it till you achieve it.
②You must try your best if you want to achieve/reach/realize your goal (实现你的目标)．
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve (improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
3.improve vi.& vt.改进；改善
①I've something to say when it comes to improving the education of children.
关于提高孩子的教育水平， 我有话要说。
②Regular exercise, such as brisk walking, has been shown to improve memory and help sleep problems.
定期锻炼， 如快步走， 已被证明可以提高记忆力和有助于解决睡眠问题。
③Your work has shown a significant improvement.
你的工作有了显著改进。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①We' ve certainly improved on last year's figures.
②Her work is showing some signs of improvement (improve)．
翻译句子
③We expect to see further improvement over the coming year.
我们期望来年会有更进一步的改善。
4.curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的
①I am curious to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution.
我很好奇，想知道你是否会欣然接受这个新的解决方案。
②His answer did not satisfy my curiosity at all.
他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Harry was curiously (curious) silent through all this.
②(2022·全国乙卷)So Mr Peter Sels, I’d be curious to know (know) what were the early connections in your life that let you into the art field
③(2022·浙江1月卷)Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity (curious) to a basic necessity.
④Babies are curious about everything around them.
翻译句子
⑤我真想弄清楚她说了些什么。
I was curious to find out what she had said.
5.company n．公司；商行；陪伴
①He didn't finish the work on time and was fired by the company.
他没有按时完成工作， 被公司解雇了。
②I spent a pleasant evening in the company of friends.
我与朋友们一起度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①In his spare time, he likes keeping/to keep (keep) his children company.
②He usually is in company with friends at weekends.
一句多译
和他在一起我感到很不自在。
③ I felt nervous in his company.
④ I felt nervous in company with him.
必 备 短 语
1.look forward to盼望；期待
①I am looking forward to seeing you in China.
我盼望在中国见到你。
②In order to look after her sick mother, she asked for a month's leave.
为了照顾她生病的母亲， 她请了一个月的假。
③When we are not sure which word is the right one, look it up in a dictionary.
当我们不确定哪个单词是正确的， 可以在字典中查找。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①We should respect others and never look down on/upon them with their jobs.
②I look forward to hearing (hear) from you.
③A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
④(2022·全国甲卷)He looks forward to a new life.
翻译句子
⑤我现在盼望尽快回到工作中。
I now look forward to going back to work as soon as possible.
2.come true(梦想等)实现，成为现实
①For Tim, that dream has come true!
对于蒂姆来说， 那个梦想已经实现了！
②When reading articles related to science, we often come across difficult or unfamiliar words.
在读与科学有关的文章时， 我们常常碰到难词或生词。
③Nobody knew how the accident had come about.
没有人知道这场事故是怎么发生的。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true .
②No matter what difficulty you come across , don't give up.
③We all hope that you can come up with a better plan than this.
④How did it come about that he knew where we were
重 点 句 型
1.And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.(P6)
并且， 在学习了一整天后， 他喜欢看日落并等待星星的出现。
J 句型剖析
本句是简单句。句中包含watch sb/sth do sth结构， 表示“观看某人/物做了某事”， 属于“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构， 宾语补足语为go down; and连接to watch...和wait for...两个不定式结构， 后一个不定式符号to被省略了。
①I often hear her sing this English song.
我经常听见她唱这首英文歌曲。
②We saw children playing together in the park.
我们看见孩子们在公园里一起玩耍。
③I often hear this song sung by her elder sister.
我经常听见她姐姐唱这首歌。
G 归纳拓展
在感官动词see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel等后跟复合宾语的情况主要有以下三种：
W 温馨提示
在“感官动词＋宾语＋do”结构中， do是不带to的不定式， 在被动语态中， 不带to的宾语补足语变为主语补足语时， 要还原不定式符号to。
Someone saw her come into the classroom.
＝She was seen to come into the classroom.
有人看到她进了教室。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I saw the cook smoking (smoke) in the kitchen at that time.
②I saw the postman bitten (bite) by the dog.
③He saw his parents get (get) into the car and drive off.
2.I take notes while listening and reading.(P7)
我边听边读边记笔记。
J 句型剖析
句中while listening and reading 是“连词＋现在分词”结构， 是状语从句的省略， 完整的句子应该是while I am listening and reading。
①While talking on the phone, please lower your voice not to disturb others.(talk和主句主语you构成主动)
打电话的时候， 请放低声音别打扰到别人。
②Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.(he和invite构成被动：他被邀请)
除非被邀请， 不然他不会回到公司的。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Although living (live) miles away, he attended the course.
②If invited (invite), I will attend Tom's birthday party.
③When heated (heat), water will turn into gas.
④While making (make) great progress, Jack didn't satisfy his parents.
3.If I'm not in class, I'm either in the library or in the computer lab.(P8)
如果我不在上课， 那我不是在图书馆就是在微机室。
J 句型剖析
either... or...意为“要么……， 要么……；或者……或者……；不是……就是……”；主要用于表示两个中选一个。
G 归纳拓展
(1)either... or...连接两个对等成分， 当连接两个主语时， 谓语动词在人称和数上与离它最近的主语一致(即就近原则)。
(2)遵循就近原则的词组还有：neither... nor...(既不……也不……); not only... but(also)．..(不仅……而且……); not...but...(不是……而是……)等。
①You are either a total genius or idiot.
你要么是个纯粹的天才， 要么是个笨蛋。
②Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
没有动力， 你既不能设定目标， 也不能达到目标。
③The nurses not only want a pay increase, but also want reduced hours as well.
护士们不仅想涨工资， 还想缩短工作时间。
M 名师点津
当not only或者neither位于句首时，常用倒装语序。
Not only does she speak Spanish, she's also good with computers.
她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Not only my classmates but also my teacher likes (like) listening to music.
②Neither did (do)I go to watch the football match, nor did I care about its result.
③Either you or I am (be) going to do it.
翻译句子
④Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycles.
观光最好要么乘游览巴士，要么骑自行车。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Reading is one of the best ways of improving (提高) your English.
2．He is busy in the organisation (组织) of the football club.
3．We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal (目标) we must do several things.
4．The most appropriate (恰当的) strategy (策略) may simply be to walk away from the problem.
5．The United States has always been China's third major trade partner (伙伴)．
6．People have always been curious (好奇的) about how living things on the earth exactly began.
7．Looking ahead, I think the company (公司) needs to develop some new services.
8．Jack and his brother, Jim, have a lot in common in personality (性格)．
9．The two foreign students were both dressed in Chinese style (风格) clothes.
10．Thank you for taking the trouble to revise (修改) my composition.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He taught his little kid by using flash cards .
2．He likes taking notes while listening to his teacher.
3．Having set a goal , he is busy working day and night.
4．Not having heard from their son for a long time, they are looking forward to him very much.
5．Having lost touch with nature for nearly two months, she is curious about everything to do with it now.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ann Wells, 1.a Grade 10 student at Lake side High School, is from the United States. She is active and curious 2.about everything. She likes asking questions, and believes that she can learn best by 3.doing (do)．Physics is her favourite subject.Besides liking to read short 4.stories (story), dancing and skating 5.are (be) also her hobbies.Her dream is to become an engineer in the future.
Thando Gowon, a 16-year-old Grade 10 student at South Hill High School, comes from South Africa.He is good-looking, thinks fast, and 6.plays (play) hard.While 7.studying (study), he always holds a book and a pen. Instead of being in class, he will be either in the library 8.or in the computer lab. Every weekend, he 9.usually (usual) plays computer games if he is not busy studying. His dream is 10.to set (set) up his own IT company.Section Ⅳ 写作指导
个人简介的写法
写作储备
阅读教材P8个人简介，提炼个人简介的写作特点：
Ⅰ.黄金写作模板
My name is and I'm a Grade student at (学校名称). I look (外貌特征). I am a (性格特征) boy/girl.My favourite subject is .I (学习方法). ... are my hobbies.My dream is to .
Ⅱ.写作架构及语言特点
人物或个人情况介绍是书面表达常见的形式之一，简单介绍人物或个人最基本的信息和最重要的情况。
一般包括下列内容：
1．年龄、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；
2．外表、性格特点；
3．兴趣、爱好、专长(举例说明)等；
4．计划、理想等；
5．对人物的评价或感想等。
Ⅲ.话题词汇
①15 years old 15岁
②a happy girl 一个快乐女孩
③an outgoing boy 一个外向男孩
④make friends 交友
⑤a hard-working student 一个勤奋的学生
⑥my favourite subject 我最喜欢的科目
⑦in my spare time 在我的业余时间
⑧learn by discussion 通过讨论学习
⑨Senior One 高中一年级
⑩graduate from 毕业于
have a gift for music 有音乐天赋
a sense of humour 幽默感
thin but strong 瘦但结实
fat and short 又胖又矮
be interested in drawing 对绘画感兴趣
Ⅳ.话题句式
①He is very tall and has a beard.
他高个子且留着胡子。
②She looks beautiful and attractive.
她看上去美丽动人。
③I have short black hair, and my eyes are big.
我有一头黑色短发，而且我的眼睛很大。
④I'm optimistic and confident.
我乐观、自信。
⑤My history teacher is a beautiful woman, with long hair and big eyes.
我的历史老师是一位美丽的女士，留着长发，长着大眼睛。
⑥I'm curious about everything.
我对一切事物都很好奇。
⑦Not only does he show interest in science, but also he has a gift for music.
他不但对科学有兴趣，而且有音乐天赋。
⑧My dream is to be a doctor.
我的梦想是成为一名医生。
⑨I have a dream that is to become an IT engineer.
我有一个梦想，那就是成为一名IT工程师。
⑩I'm a hard-working student，especially when I'm interested in it.
我是一个勤奋的学生，尤其是当我对它感兴趣的时候。
实践应用
假如你是红星高中高一新生李华，你的英语老师在第一堂英语课上要求学生做自我介绍并用英语写一篇发言稿。你的发言稿应包括以下内容：
1．个人基本信息(姓名、年龄、班级)；
2．个性及学习方式；
3．爱好和将来的打算。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
谋篇布局
遣词造句
完成句子
1．我叫李华，是一名红星高中高一新生。(senior)
I'm Li Hua and I'm a senior one student at Hongxing Senior High School.
2．我性格外向，喜欢运动。(outgoing)
I'm outgoing and I love sports.
3．我喜欢和同学们讨论问题。(discuss)
I like discussing problems with my classmates.
4．我读书时做笔记。
I take notes while/when I am reading.
5．我最喜欢的科目是物理。
My favourite subject is physics.
6．我发现物理实验非常有趣。(find sth.＋adj.)
I find physics experiments very interesting.
7．有些物理问题值得研究。(worth)
Some physics problems are worth studying.
8．我计划将来成为一名科学家。
I plan to become a scientist in the future.
句式升级
9．用省略句改写第4句。
I take notes while/when reading.
10．用因果关系词连接5、6句。
My favourite subject is physics because I find physics experiments very interesting.
完美成篇
参考范文：
I'm Li Hua and I'm a senior one student at Hongxing Senior High School.I'm outgoing and I love sports.I like discussing problems with my classmates, and I take notes while reading.My favourite subject is physics because I find physics experiments very interesting and some physics problems are worth studying.Playing basketball and swimming are my hobbies.Many students like me for my good performance in the sports field.I plan to become a scientist in the future.
J 即学即练
假如你叫李华，正在向英国剑桥大学(Cambridge University)提出入学申请。在校方需要的相关材料中，你要准备一份个人简历。现在，请你根据下表信息，写一份个人简历。
姓名 李华 年龄 17 性别 男 国籍 中国
住址 山东省济南市山大路26号 电子邮箱 LiHua1297@163．com
个人简介 1.在济南第一中学就读；2．性格外向，对新事物很好奇，喜欢探索大自然；3．将来想成为一名设计师；4．为提高英语水平，想到剑桥大学学习。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My name is Li Hua,
参考范文：
My name is Li Hua, a senior high school student at Jinan No 1 High School of 17.I live at 26 Shanda Road, Jinan, China.
I'm an outgoing boy.I'm curious about everything.I like exploring nature.Thinking about my future, I plan to become a designer, so in order to improve my English language skills, I would like to study in Cambridge University if possible.
If you think I can get the chance, please get in touch with me, sending an e-mail to LiHua1297@. I am looking forward to your early reply.
