2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(89-90)讲义
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(89-90)讲义 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-25 23:10:04 | ||
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长难句翻译
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.
长难句翻译解析
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
01断句
该句的信号词有：
①介词短语 ②从句划分/逗号划分 ③从句划分
所以断句完成后如下：
This entails reducing our dependence / on the North American market, / whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions / which are different from our own.
02找主谓，定主从
第一个主谓结构是This entails；第二个主谓结构是programs relate to;
经过分析，本句中有两个从句：
This entails reducing our dependence / on the North American market, / whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions / which are different from our own.
03分析主句和从句
本句的主干是：This entails reducing our independence.
①这是本句的主句部分。主语是代词This,谓语动词是entails。后面的介词短语[on the North American market]可以看做后置定语，修饰名词dependence。这半句的意思是：这需要我们减少对北美市场的依赖。
entail：v. 使必要；需要
entail doing sth 需要做某事
eg: The journey will entail changing trains twice.
这趟旅程要转两次火车。
reduce: v.降低，减少，缩小 n.reduction
eg: Small businesses will need to reduce costs in order to survive.
小企业要想生存必须剥削成本。
dependence: n.依赖，依靠
②出新的引导词whose,在这句话中它引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的【North American market】。从句的主语是programs，谓语是relate to。这半句的意思是：北美市场的节目涉及经历和文化传统。
program: 计划，方案；节目；安排
eg: What's your favourite television program
你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？
relate: v. 相联系，有关联。
eg: The charges of fraud relate to events that took place over ten years ago.
这些欺诈指控涉及十多年前发生的事件。
③又出现了新的引导词which，which也是引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experiences and cultural traditions。which在从句中充当主语，谓语动词是are。这半句的意思是：（那些经验和传统）与我们不同。
04参考译文
这就要求我们减少对北美市场的依赖，他们涉及经历和文化传统的节目与我们的大相径庭。
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.
01断句
该句的信号词有：
①从句引导词who ②标点符号逗号 ③标点符号逗号 ④介词短语
所以断句完成后如下：
They are among the growing number of Americans / who, / driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, / have taken up vegetable gardening / for the first time.
02找主谓，定主从
第一个主谓结构是They are；第二个主谓结构是who have taken up;
下面画一下句子主要结构和重点讲解的成分：
They are among the growing number of Americans / who, / driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, / have taken up vegetable gardening / for the first time.
03分析主句和从句
本句的主干是：They are among the growing number of Americans.
①这句话是本句的主干部分。主句的主语是They，谓语动词是are。among的意思是“在...当中”。后面的the growing number of Americans,可以翻译为“越来越多的美国人”。
②出现了从句引导词who，仔细分析可以判断，这是由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Americans。要注意一下后面的这个插入语的成分，[driven by higher living costs and a falling economy],这一部分是过去分词短语作原因状语。意思是“迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退”。再回到本句的定语从句，从句的谓语部分是have taken up。宾语是vegetable gardening。后面的介词短语是时间状语。
重点词汇讲解：
living costs 生活成本
falling economy 这里是现在分词作定语前置修饰economy，表示“正在衰退的经济，下滑的经济”。
take up 开始从事（新工作）；对某事物产生兴趣;开始花时间从事某事；占据
eg: Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
罗杰有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就又没了兴趣。
04参考译文
越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退，首次开始经营蔬菜园子，他们就在其中。
长难句拓展
Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
下列对该句的分析和理解中，正确的为______。（多选）
A. with at least one parent with a four-year degree为后置定语修饰 the students
B. 佩尔助学金是一项为有经济需要的本科生设立的联邦补助
C. 大多数第一代大学生都获得了佩尔助学金的资助
父母中至少有一人获得本科学历的学生中只有少部分人获得佩尔助学金的资助
正确答案：ABCD
1.小词典
recipient [r s pi nt] n. 接受者
Pell Grants 佩尔助学金
undergraduate [ nd ɡr d u t] n. 本科生
2.本句是由连词while连接的并列句，前后两个分句构成对比关系。分句一中插入a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，作Pell Grants的同位语；分句二中only for 8.6 percent of the students with....作状语，其中with短语作后置定语，修饰the students。
3.参考译文：大多数“第一代大学生”（59.1%）都获得了佩尔助学金，一项为有经济需要的本科生设立的联邦补助金，然而对于那些父母中至少有一人获得了本科学历的学生而言，这一比例仅为8.6%。
With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
下列对该句的分析和理解中，正确的为______。（多选）
A. it是形式主语，真正的主语是women are more stressed at home
B. 女性在家中压力更大的原因之一是角色的模糊化
C. that the home front...working women解释了造成女性在家中压力更大的一个事实
D. 相比较于在家庭大后方，职业女性在工作职场中更难作出自我调整
正确答案：ABC
1.小词典
blur [bl (r)] v. （使）变得模糊不清；（使）难以区分
the home front 家庭方面；（战争的）大后方
lag well behind 远远落后于
2.本句是复合句。主句是it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后面that引导的主语从句。另外，主句由and连接的2个原因状语修饰，其中，在第二个原因状语中，the fact后接that引导的同位语从句，具体说明“事实”的具体内容，in making…为状语，解释“lags well behind”的具体方面。
3.参考译文：由于角色的模糊化，以及职业女性在家庭大后方比在工作职场中更难作出自我调整这一事实，女性在家中的压力更大，这一点不足为奇。
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.
长难句翻译解析
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
01断句
该句的信号词有：
①介词短语 ②从句划分/逗号划分 ③从句划分
所以断句完成后如下：
This entails reducing our dependence / on the North American market, / whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions / which are different from our own.
02找主谓，定主从
第一个主谓结构是This entails；第二个主谓结构是programs relate to;
经过分析，本句中有两个从句：
This entails reducing our dependence / on the North American market, / whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions / which are different from our own.
03分析主句和从句
本句的主干是：This entails reducing our independence.
①这是本句的主句部分。主语是代词This,谓语动词是entails。后面的介词短语[on the North American market]可以看做后置定语，修饰名词dependence。这半句的意思是：这需要我们减少对北美市场的依赖。
entail：v. 使必要；需要
entail doing sth 需要做某事
eg: The journey will entail changing trains twice.
这趟旅程要转两次火车。
reduce: v.降低，减少，缩小 n.reduction
eg: Small businesses will need to reduce costs in order to survive.
小企业要想生存必须剥削成本。
dependence: n.依赖，依靠
②出新的引导词whose,在这句话中它引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的【North American market】。从句的主语是programs，谓语是relate to。这半句的意思是：北美市场的节目涉及经历和文化传统。
program: 计划，方案；节目；安排
eg: What's your favourite television program
你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？
relate: v. 相联系，有关联。
eg: The charges of fraud relate to events that took place over ten years ago.
这些欺诈指控涉及十多年前发生的事件。
③又出现了新的引导词which，which也是引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experiences and cultural traditions。which在从句中充当主语，谓语动词是are。这半句的意思是：（那些经验和传统）与我们不同。
04参考译文
这就要求我们减少对北美市场的依赖，他们涉及经历和文化传统的节目与我们的大相径庭。
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.
01断句
该句的信号词有：
①从句引导词who ②标点符号逗号 ③标点符号逗号 ④介词短语
所以断句完成后如下：
They are among the growing number of Americans / who, / driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, / have taken up vegetable gardening / for the first time.
02找主谓，定主从
第一个主谓结构是They are；第二个主谓结构是who have taken up;
下面画一下句子主要结构和重点讲解的成分：
They are among the growing number of Americans / who, / driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, / have taken up vegetable gardening / for the first time.
03分析主句和从句
本句的主干是：They are among the growing number of Americans.
①这句话是本句的主干部分。主句的主语是They，谓语动词是are。among的意思是“在...当中”。后面的the growing number of Americans,可以翻译为“越来越多的美国人”。
②出现了从句引导词who，仔细分析可以判断，这是由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Americans。要注意一下后面的这个插入语的成分，[driven by higher living costs and a falling economy],这一部分是过去分词短语作原因状语。意思是“迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退”。再回到本句的定语从句，从句的谓语部分是have taken up。宾语是vegetable gardening。后面的介词短语是时间状语。
重点词汇讲解：
living costs 生活成本
falling economy 这里是现在分词作定语前置修饰economy，表示“正在衰退的经济，下滑的经济”。
take up 开始从事（新工作）；对某事物产生兴趣;开始花时间从事某事；占据
eg: Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
罗杰有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就又没了兴趣。
04参考译文
越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退，首次开始经营蔬菜园子，他们就在其中。
长难句拓展
Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
下列对该句的分析和理解中，正确的为______。（多选）
A. with at least one parent with a four-year degree为后置定语修饰 the students
B. 佩尔助学金是一项为有经济需要的本科生设立的联邦补助
C. 大多数第一代大学生都获得了佩尔助学金的资助
父母中至少有一人获得本科学历的学生中只有少部分人获得佩尔助学金的资助
正确答案：ABCD
1.小词典
recipient [r s pi nt] n. 接受者
Pell Grants 佩尔助学金
undergraduate [ nd ɡr d u t] n. 本科生
2.本句是由连词while连接的并列句，前后两个分句构成对比关系。分句一中插入a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，作Pell Grants的同位语；分句二中only for 8.6 percent of the students with....作状语，其中with短语作后置定语，修饰the students。
3.参考译文：大多数“第一代大学生”（59.1%）都获得了佩尔助学金，一项为有经济需要的本科生设立的联邦补助金，然而对于那些父母中至少有一人获得了本科学历的学生而言，这一比例仅为8.6%。
With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
下列对该句的分析和理解中，正确的为______。（多选）
A. it是形式主语，真正的主语是women are more stressed at home
B. 女性在家中压力更大的原因之一是角色的模糊化
C. that the home front...working women解释了造成女性在家中压力更大的一个事实
D. 相比较于在家庭大后方，职业女性在工作职场中更难作出自我调整
正确答案：ABC
1.小词典
blur [bl (r)] v. （使）变得模糊不清；（使）难以区分
the home front 家庭方面；（战争的）大后方
lag well behind 远远落后于
2.本句是复合句。主句是it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后面that引导的主语从句。另外，主句由and连接的2个原因状语修饰，其中，在第二个原因状语中，the fact后接that引导的同位语从句，具体说明“事实”的具体内容，in making…为状语，解释“lags well behind”的具体方面。
3.参考译文：由于角色的模糊化，以及职业女性在家庭大后方比在工作职场中更难作出自我调整这一事实，女性在家中的压力更大，这一点不足为奇。