中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
七年级下Module 1 and Module 2
重点短语
welcome (back) to sp欢迎(回)来某地 first of all/at first 首先,起初 lost and found box失物招领箱
here is/are... 这儿是... be careful with sth.小心(对待)某物 from now on从现在开始
let me see让我看看 lost and found office失物招领处 in a hurry匆忙地
hurry up快点 hurry to do sth匆忙做某事 that’s why那是为什么
that’s because那是因为 hundreds of数以百计的 two hundred两百
every day每天 look for寻找 play the piano/guitar/violin弹钢琴 play football/basketball打篮球 teach sb sth教某人某事 what/how about (doing) sth(做)某事怎么样 join the club加入俱乐部 get on well with sb与某人相处融洽 do sth well做某事做得好
worry about /be worried about担心... teach sb to do sth教某人做某事 do well in sth/be good at sth擅长某事 be ready to do sth乐于做某事 choose sb as/for选择某人担任 choose sb to do sth选择某人做某事 class monitor班长 hurry to sp匆忙去某地 at the moment/minute此时此刻
a lot of/lots of大量,许多 fifteen kilos of十五公斤的 promise to do sth承诺做某事 between lessons课间 get the best score得到最高分 help sb (to)do sth帮助某人做某事 be sure of/about sth对某事有把握 be sure to do sth/of doing sth对做某事有把握 be sure that+从句 确定
make sth+adj/n/do sth使某事.../做某事 would like to do sth/want to do sth想要做某事 would like sth/want sth想要某物
重点知识
代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词
第一人称 单数:我 I me my mine myself
复数:我们 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数:你 you you your yours yourself
复数:你们 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 他 he him his his himself
她 she her her hers herself
它 it it its its itself
复数:他们/她们/它们 they them their theirs themselves
人称代词的主格:作主语
e.g We should do something useful to save the world. 我们应该做些有用的事来拯救这个世界。
人称代词的宾格:放动词或放介词后作宾语
e.g Would you like to follow me 你愿意跟着我么?
e.g All of them are from China. 他们所有人都来自中国。
形容词性物主代词:后面必须接名词使用,不可单独使用。
e.g This isn’t my book. 这不是我的书。
名词性物主代词:相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,单独使用。
e.g This book isn’t mine. 这本书不是我的。
反身代词:指某人自己。
e.g Can you look after yourself well when I’m out 我不在家的时候你能照顾好自己吗?
拓展:与反身代词有关的短语(all) by oneself/on one’s own某人独自
enjoy oneself/have fun/ have a good time 玩得开心
现在进行时
现在进行时用于表示此刻正在发生的动作,结构为sb.+is/are+doing sth.意为“某人正在做某事”
e.g A man is talking to a woman at the lost and found office. 一位男士正在失物招领处与一位女士说话。
2) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语如at the moment/ now/ right now或look! Listen!
3) 动词的ing形式变化规则。
* 一般情况下直接加ing. 如:speak—speaking teach—teaching
*以不发音字母e结尾的动词去e再加ing. 如:ride—riding dance—dancing
注:see—seeing不能去e,因为句尾的两个e一起发音为/i:/
*以重读闭音节结尾的动词要双写最后一个字母再加ing. 如:run—running sit—sitting swim—swimming
stop—stopping shop—shopping等。
*特殊动词的ing形式. 如:lie—lying
拓展:初中阶段要求掌握的需要双写最后一个字母再加ing的有:
cut-- cutting切 put-- putting放 swim-- swimming游泳 begin-- beginning开始
get-- getting得到,获得 forget -- forgetting忘记 hit-- hitting打,击,撞 spit-- spitting吐痰
run-- running跑 sit-- sitting坐 shut-- shutting关闭 win --winning赢
shop --shopping购物 stop -- stopping停止 drop -- dropping落下 dig-- digging挖
plan-- planning计划 prefer-- preferring更喜欢 let-- letting让 step-- stepping 踩,踏
rob-- robbing抢劫 set-- setting设置 nod-- nodding点头 regret-- regretting后悔等
make的结构
1)make sb do sth. 让某人做某事 —被动语态结构:sb is made to do sth. (see/hear/make/watch/let等变被动时要还to)
e.g He often made his sister cry in the past, but he is made to cry by his sister now.
过去他经常让他的妹妹哭,而现在他却被他的妹妹弄哭。
make sb/sth+adj(形容词) 使某人/某物变得...
e.g If I am the class monitor, I will make our classroom clean and tidy. 如果我是班长,我会让教室变得干净整洁。
make sb/sth+n(名词) 使某人/某物变成...
e.g If I am the class monitor, I will make our classroom a clean and tidy one(代词,代替classroom).
make sure that+从句 确保...
e.g Please make sure that the door is closed when you leave. 请确保当你离开的时候门是关者的。
sth make sense to sb. 某人能理解某事。 e.g It doesn't make sense to anybody. 任何人都理解不了这个。
make it adj to do sth.使做某事变得怎么样。
e.g I’ll make it possible to finish my homework in such a short time. 我会把在这么短的时间里完成作业变得可能。
7)make a promise做出承诺/保证 make a deal达成协议 make rules制定规则 make a change改变
happen和take place意为“发生”,为不及物动词,后面不直接接名词或代词。
e.g A car accident happened to his parents. 一场车祸发生在他父母身上了。sth happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。
e.g A romantic wedding will take place in that church. 一场浪漫的婚礼将在那个教堂举行。
注:*happen和take place都为不及物动词,都不能采用被动结构。
*happen通常指的是意外或者偶然发生,而take place通常指的是按照计划进行。
want sth/would like sth 想要某物
e.g I want something to eat.=I would like something to eat.我想要点吃的动词。
want to do sth/would like to do sth想要做某事
e.g I want to eat something/I would like to eat something. 我想吃点东西。
be good at (doing) sth擅长做某事 be bad at (doing) sth 不擅长做某事 be good for sb/sth 对某人/某物有好处
be bad for sb/sth 对某人/某物有坏处 be harmful to sb/sth=do harm to sb/sth 对某人/某物有坏处
choose sb as .... 选择某人担任 choose to do sth 选择某人做某事
choose sb to do sth选择某人做某事 choose sb for+团队 选择某人进入...团队
e.g He wasn't chosen for the school basketball team. 他没被选入学校篮球队。
注意:choose为不规则动词,choose-chose-chosen
8. 情态动词can 意为“能够,可能”
情态动词的用法:1)情态动词后面必须接动词原形或be动词原形。
e.g I can play basketball well. 我打篮球打得好。
e.g She can be an excellent girl if she tries hard. 如果她努力她可以是一个很优秀的女孩儿。
2)情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即不受主语三单的影响(见上句)
3)有情态动词的句子改为一般疑问句要将情态动词提前,并用相应的情态动词回答。
e.g Can you play basketball well No, I can’t.
注意:所有的情态动词皆满足上述的用法。
can表可以,表请求时可用could显得更委婉和礼貌。且can的过去式为could.
e.g Can/Could I borrow your pen Yes, you can.(委婉问但要坚定的回答)
e.g She could ride a bike several years ago. 几年前她会骑自行车。
七年级下Module 3 and Module 4
重点短语
at the weekend在周末 on the weekdays在工作日 help (sb) with sth在某方面帮助某人
help sb do sth帮助某人做某事 see a movie看一场电影 have/go for a picnic去野餐
stay at home呆在家 look forward to (doing) sth 期待(做)某事 make friends交朋友
enjoy oneself/have fun玩得开心 get up (early/late)起床(早起/晚起) take/go for a walk去散步
go swimming去游泳 go on a summer camp去夏令营 on the beach 在沙滩上
in the future在将来 on the Internet在网上 search for information查找信息
get information获得信息 be able to do sth/can do sth能够做某事 have a good time
ask sb (not)to do sth叫某人(不要)做某事 use sth to do sth用某物做某事 talk to/with sb与某人说话
the way to do sth/the way of doing sth做某事的方法 as well也 have to do sth不得不做某事
come true(梦想等)实现 in the air在空中 travel into space太空旅行
go sightseeing/do some sightseeing 去观光 be different from... 不同 don’t be silly别傻了
light rain小雨 heavy rain大雨 all year(round)/around the year/ all over the year全年
not only...but also不仅...而且...(就近原则,平行结构) free time空闲时间 working hours工作时间
ask sb sth问某人某事 ask sb for sth问某人要某物 ask sb (not)to do sth叫某人(不要)做某事
in twenty years’ time在二十年后
重点知识
一般将来时
用于计划要发生或将会发生的动作,结构为be going to do sth或will do sth.
We’re going to have a sports meeting in our school.=We will have a sports meeting in our school.
用于一般将来时态的时间状语有tomorrow/ next week/ in+一段时间等
My dad will come back home in two days.
be going to do sth. 变否定句和一段疑问句是通过be做变化的。
My dad isn’t going to come back home in two days. 我爸两天后不会回来。
Is your dad going to come back home in two days Yes, he is.你爸两天后要回来了吗? 是的。
will do sth变否定句和一段疑问句是通过will做变化的, 本质上讲will是一个情态动词,因此它遵循情态动词的基本用法(见上个模块)
My dad won't going to come back home in two days. 我爸两天后不会回来。
Will your dad come back home in two days Yes, he is.你爸两天后要回来了吗? 是的。
else的用法
else 是个副词,与不定代词或副词(以-one,-body,-thing,-where结尾的词)连用,表示“另外”、“其它”的意思,用于这些词后面。
Would you like something else to drink 你还要喝点别的什么吗?
We went to the park and nowhere else. 我们到公园去了,其它什么地方也没去。
2)else 还可用在疑问代词或副词(如:who ,what ,where等)后面表示强调。
Who else will go to the meeting 还有谁要去参加会议?
What else would you do 你还有什么别的事要做吗?
花费的表达
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构: (1) sb spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
sb spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
3) take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)(doing) sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
4) pay的主语为人,基本用法是: sb pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
in/on/at+时间—at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。
例句:Can you finish the work in two days?你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
1) at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o’clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),
at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),
at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2.)on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:
on Sunday(在星期日), on Sunday evening (在周日晚上), on a warm morning in April(在四月的一个温暖的上午),
on a December night(在12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon(在那天下午),on the following night(在下一个晚上),
on Christmas afternoon(在圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949(在1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day(在新年),on New Year’s Eve(在除夕),on the morning of the 15th(在15日的早上)等
in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2006(2006年),in May,2004(2004年五月),in the morning(早晨/上午),in the afternoon(下午),
in the evening (晚上),in the night(夜晚),in the daytime(白天),in the 21st century(21世纪),
in three days/weeks/month(三天/周/个月),in a week(一周),in spring(春季)。
come true vi. (不及物动词) 后面不接名词
e.g My dream will come true some day. 总有一天我的梦想会实现的。
注:realise vt(及物动词)后面要接名词
e.g I will realise my dream some day. 总有一天我会实现我的梦想的。
6. 乘坐交通工具的表达方式
1)用“go to sp. by+交通工具名词”表示交通方式。此时交通工具的名词无复数,无冠词,放句末。如:by bike(骑自行车),by bus(乘公共汽车),by car(乘出租车),by train(乘火车),by ship(乘轮船),by plane(乘飞机)等。如:
They often go home by bus.他们经常坐公共汽车回家。
I come here by taxi.我乘出租车来这儿的。
He goes to work by bike.他骑自行车去上班。
2)用“go to sp. by+交通路线的位置”来表示交通方式。如:by land(从陆路),by water(从水路),by sea(从海路),by air(乘飞机)等。如:
They go to England by air.他们乘飞机去英国。
3)用“in(on)+交通工具名词”。此时交通工具名词前必须有冠词、名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词等限定词修饰。其用法与“by+交通工具名词”相似。如:
He often goes to school on a(his)bike.他经常骑自行车去上学。
Don't come here on/in the ship.不要坐船来这里。
We go there in a car.我们乘小汽车去那里。
注:on后接的交通工具通常空间较大,可在内部自由行动,如on the bus/plane/ship/bike; in后接的交通工具通常监控较小,不能再内部自由行动,如in the car/taxi等
4)用“take a(the)+交通工具名词”表示交通方式。如:take a bus(乘公共汽车),take a train(乘火车),take a ship(乘轮船),take a plane(乘飞机);但“骑自行车”要用 ride a bike来表示。如:
Will you take a bus to go there?你乘汽车去那儿吗?
5)表示“步行去某地”,可用下列两种句式:
(1)go to +某地+ on foot。 如: She goes to work on foot.她步行去上班。
注意:on foot不可说成 on feet,on a /the /my foot,by foot等。
(2)walk to +某地。如:
He walks to school every day .=He goes to school on foot every day. 他每天步行去上学。
乘飞机去某地除了用上述的表达方式外还可用fly to sp.
e.g I’ll fly to Beijing next week. 我下周要飞去北京。
七年级下Module 5 and Module 6
重点短语
buy sth for sb=buy sb sth给某人买某物 try sth on=try on sth试穿某物 too much/many太多
much too太... I’ll take it. 我买下了 what else还有什么
wait a minute等一会儿 would like to do sth/want to do sth想要做某事 what color什么颜色
all right好吧 what size什么尺码 what/how about(doing)sth (做)某事怎么样 try it on试穿它 half price半价 There's a sale on today.今天大减价 have got sth/have sth有某物 4 yuan a kilo 4元一公斤 half a kilo半公斤
a kilo of sth一公斤的某物 how much多少钱 the way of (doing) sth/the way to do sth 做某事的方法
first/second/third第一/第二/第三 时间+later 一段时间之后 online shopping/shopping online网购
by post通过邮递的方式 go out外出 not...any more不再
at any time在任何时候 in front of在...前面(范围外) in the front of...在...的前面(范围内) go along沿着...走 on the left/right of...在...的左边/右边 over there 在那儿
thanks a lot/thank you very much非常感谢 get to sp/arrive at/in sp/reach sp到达某地 on a clear day在晴朗的一天
why not do sth/why don’t you do sth 做某事怎么样? turn right右转 get on the bus上车
get off the bus下车 how many+可数名词复数 how much+不可数名词
重点知识
疑问句—一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
一般疑问句
一般疑问句也可称为 “yes /no questions”,因这种问句通常用yes / no来回答,相当于汉语中的“……吗?”其语序是:系动词be /助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?如:
Are you from Japan? Yes I am. / No I'm not. (注意一二人称的转换)
Is her sister doing her homework now? Yes she is. / No she isn't.
Does he work in a bank? Yes he does. / No he doesn't.
Do you live near your school? Yes I do. / No I don't.
Can you speak French? Yes I can. / No I can't.
注意: * 将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am is are …)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:
I'm in Class 2 Grade 1. → Are you in Class 2 Grade 1?
We're watching TV. → Are you watching TV?
* 陈述句中有情态动词(can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:
He can swim now. → Can he swim now?
The children may come with us. → May the children come with us?
* 陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如:
I like these animals. → Do you like these animals?
She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies?
* 一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)
* 一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:
Are they in town now? I think so.
May I sit here? Certainly.
Does he like soccer? Sorry I don't know.
2)特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用疑问词有what/who/whose/which/when/where/how/why。
特殊疑问句有两种语序:
* 如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?如:
Who is singing in the room?
Whose bike is broken?
* 如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序? 如:
What class are you in?
Whose book is this?
注意: * 回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:
Who is from Canada? Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant? Near the station.
Why do you like koalas? Because they are cute.
* 特殊疑问词分为两种:
(1)特殊疑问代词,如what, which, whose, who, whom。疑问代词在句中可作主语、宾语和定语、表语。如:
What's your name (主语) Which man do you like (定语)
Whose book is this (定语) Whose is this book (表语)
Who are they (表语) Whom are you looking for (宾语)
(2)特殊疑问副词,如when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how old, how often,等等。when在句中作时间状语,where作地点状语,why作原因状语,how作方式状语,等等。如:
When did you come
Where are you going
* 特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓)。
方位介词
on the left/right 在左边/右边 e.g Her house is on the right of the street. 她的房子在街道的右边。
next to... 与...紧挨着 e.g The bank is next to the market. 银行在市场的旁边。
on the corner (of...) (...的)拐角处 e.g I get my newspaper from the shop on the corner. 我在拐角处的商店里卖报纸。
opposite... 在...的对面 e.g The supermarket is opposite the restaurant. 超市在饭店的对面。
between...and...在...和...之间 e.g The bookshop is between the cinema and the hotel. 书店在电影院和旅店之间。
问路和指路
问路 Where is the bank / Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the bank
Can you show me the way to the bank / How can I go(get) to the bank
指路 Take the No.22 bus. 乘坐22路公共汽车。 Go along the main street. 沿着主街走。
询问价格
how much is sth /how much does sth cost
what’s the price of sth
动名词词做主语—动词作主语时常用ing形式,且视作第三人称单数形式。
Paying over the Internet isn’t always safe. 在网上付款不总是安全的。
注:祈使句的句首也是动词,但不用动名词,用动词原形。
Take your bag and go quickly. 拿上你的包包赶紧走。