七年级下册Units 10-12 知识点总结 2024年九年级中考人教版英语一轮复习
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七年级下册Unit 10--12知识点总结
词汇：
feed v. 喂养；饲养
feed sb. sth. / feed sb. with sth. 用……喂养……
feed sth. to sb. 把……喂给……
feed on... 以……为食
练一练：
1) Pandas feed on bamboo.
2) Please feed my dog a piece of bread.
3) Farmers feed wheat to chickens.
4) The mother always feeds her child with milk.
2. worry v. & n. 担心；担忧
worried adj. 烦恼的；焦虑的
be worried about = worry about
Eg: Don’t worry about me.
=Don’t be worried about me.
You need to do something to get rid of your worries.
3.excited adj. 感到激动的（作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人）
exciting adj. 令人激动的（作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物）
练一练：
1) They waited and waited for something exciting to happen.
2) The children were excited about winning the football match.
类似用法的词：interesting/interested, surprising/surprised, boring/bored, scaring/scared, shocking/shocked, frightening/frightened, relaxing/relaxed, tiring/tired ...
surprise n. 惊奇；惊讶 v. 使吃惊
get a surprise 吃惊
in surprise 惊讶地
to one’s surprise 令某人感到惊奇的是
练一练：根据句意选用surprise, surprised或surprising填空。
1) The bad news didn’t surprise him.
2) To my surprise , they gave me the work.
3) We were _surprised__ to know that she was English.
4) It’s surprising_ that our team lost the basketball game.
5) We were _surprised at the surprising news.
5. anything pron. 任何东西，任何事物
常用于否定句和疑问句中，也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何东西”。
Eg: Is there anything you want to buy
You can take anything you like.
anything, something, everything, anyone, someone等复合不定代词的修饰成分都置于其后
Eg: She told me something interesting.
I need something to eat.
短语：
shout at sb. 多指因为生气、愤怒等而非善意地对某人吼叫。
shout to sb. 多指距离远，为了让对方听到而不得不大声叫喊，不含生气、愤怒等感情因素。
Eg: The young mother shouted at her little child.
My brother was on the other side of the street, so I shouted to him.
cut相关短语归纳：
cut up 切碎 cut off 切断
cut in 插嘴 cut down 砍
练一练：
To protect the forests, we should stop people from _____________ trees.
cutting up B. cutting down C. cutting in D. cutting off
It’s not polite to __________ when people are talking.
A. cut up B. cut down C. cut in D. cut off
put相关短语归纳：
put up 搭起，张贴 put down 放下；写下
put off 推迟；拖延 put on 增加（体重）；穿上；表演
put out 熄灭 put away 收起来
练一练：
1)Because of the rain, they had to _______ the sports meet .
A. put off B. put up C. put away D. put down
2) There is going to be a concert in our school. So some students_______ the posters on the notice board.
A. put on B. put off C. put down D. put up
wake up 意为“把......弄醒”，是动副词短语，当宾语是名词时，既可放在短语中间，也 可放在短语的后面；但当宾语是代词时，则只能放在短语中间。
Eg: The noise woke up the baby. =The noise woke the baby up.
Don’t wake her up.
would like (sb.) to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事
Eg: I’d like some orange juice and bread for breakfast.
We would like you to write about what you see.
the number of “……的数量”，其后接可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
a number of “许多；大量”，相当于many，用来修饰可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
练一练：
1) The number of endangered animals ________ more and more, so we must take measures to protect them.
A. am getting B. get C. gets D. are getting
2) There are (be) a number of people attending the meeting. The number of them is (be) three hundred.
语法：
一般过去时
含义： 表示过去某个时间或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last weekend, two days ago等。
构成
类型 句式 构成 例句
be 肯定式 主语+was/were+其他. They were at home yesterday.
否定式 主语+was/were not+其他. They were not at home yesterday.
一般疑问句式及答语 Was/Were+主语+其他 ---Were they at home yesterday ---Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t.
简略回答： Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他 How was your vacation
特殊疑问词（主语）+ was/were +其他 Which was your favorite novel
实义动词 肯定式 主语+动词的过去式+其他. He played the guitar last weekend.
否定式 主语+did not+动词原形+其他. He didn’t play the guitar last weekend.
一般疑问句式及答语 Did+主语+动词原形+其他 ---Did he play the guitar last weekend ---Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.
简略回答： Yes, 主语+did. No, 主语+didn’t.
特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词原形+其他 What did he do last weekend
特殊疑问词（主语）+ 实义动词过去式+其他 Who visited the science museum yesterday
动词的过去式
规则动词过去式的变化规则
类别 变化规律 动词原形 过去式
一般情况 直接加-ed watch watched
以不发音的e结尾 加-d love loved
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 去y加-ied cry cried
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed plan planned
不规则动词的过去式没有固定的变化规则。
用法
表示在过去时间中一次性完成的动作或一度存在的状态
Eg: Tom was late for class yesterday morning.
He worked in the factory last year.
表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作或过去的习惯性动作
Eg: Peter often ate ice-cream two years ago.
She usually went to the cinema when she was young.
单项选择
1. -Where___ last vacation
-I went to the beach.
A. will you go B. do you go C. have you gone D. did you go
2.I was busy so I didn’t___ my grandparents yesterday.
A. visited B. visit C. are visiting D. visits
3. -___ nice the hat is!
-Thank you!
A.What a B. What C.How D. How a
4. Don't _____ too late, or you'll feel tired tomorrow.
A. grow up B. put up C. stay up D. look up
5.---I_____ that you _____ at school yesterday. What happened to you
---I was ill so I asked a day off.
A. heard; aren't B. am hearing; aren't C. heard; were D. heard; weren't
6. Climbing a mountain was ___, so we all felt ______ when we reached (到达) the top of the high mountain.
A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired
7. I saw Lin Lin ______ football on my way home.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played
8. Tina is _____ shy______ she never talks in front of the class.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. so; to
9. Mike is very tired,please don’t___
A. wake up he B. wake he up C. wake up him D. wake him up
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词复数形式的变化规则
规则变化
类别 构成法 例词
一般情况 加-s （清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/，/s/、/z/、/d /等音后发/iz/) map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens
以s, sh, ch, x结尾 加-es，读/iz/ baby---babies city-cities country-countries
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加es，读/iz/ monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
以字母o结尾 少数加-es，读/z/ hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
一般加-s，读/z/ piano-pianos photo-photos radio-radios
部分以f或fe结尾 一般把f或fe变ve加s leaf-leaves shelf-shelves wife-wives knife-knives life-lives（生命） half-halves
不规则变化
名词内部元音变化
例如： child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men woman---women
关于man, woman的词
例如：合成词：policeman-policemen businessman-businessmen
非合成词：human-humans German-Germans
复合词：woman doctor---women doctors
单复数同形
例如：sheep fish deer
国家专有名词
例如：不变化：Chinese Japanese Swiss
变化：German---Germans Englishman--- Englishmen Frenchman--- Frenchmen
有些名词只有复数形式，同时也表示复数含义；做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：clothes trousers shorts glasses socks
Eg: There are two pairs of glasses on the table.
The socks that have been washed are not mine.
有些名词没有形式的变化，但表示复数意义；做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：police people
Eg: Some people like watching talk shows.
不可数名词的数
不可数名词没有复数形式，当要表示确切的量时，可以借助量词，其结构为“量词+of+不可数名词”。当这一结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数要和量词保持一致；
Eg: There is a bottle of water on the table.
I’m very hungry. Three pieces of bread are not enough for me.
当表示不确切的数量时，可用some, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等词来修饰。此结构做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: Many students have little spare time.
Lots of water has been wasted in this area.
既可作可数又可作不可数的名词
有些名词可数还是不可数是根据其意义来判断的，如：
当fish, salad, ice-cream等名词表示该类事物的种类时，则可数；只表示该类事物的数量时，则不可数。
Eg: three fishes 意为“3种鱼”
three fish 意为“3条鱼”
当chicken表示“鸡肉”时，是不可数名词；当表示“小鸡”时，是可数名词。
Eg: I’d like some chicken. 我想要些鸡肉。
I fed some chickens at the farm. 我在农场喂了鸡。
当cabbage表示一颗一颗的卷心菜时，是可数名词；当表示被切碎的菜，或煮熟的菜时，则不可数。
Eg: My mother bought two cabbages in the supermarket.
我的妈妈在超市买了2颗卷心菜。
There are some cabbage in the mutton noodles.
羊肉面里有一些卷心菜。
单项选择
1. -Are there any____in the picture
-Yes, there are.
A.fish B.mutton C.beef D. apple
2. -What would you like for breakfast -I'd like______
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles
C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
3.The film is__among young people.
A. meaningful B. traditional C. popular D. special
4.-May I take your_________
-Yes,I'd like some beef.
A. size B. age C. order D. number
5.-____noodles would you like
-Small, please.
A.What kind of B.What size bowl of C. How much D. How many
6.Helen is very thirsty and she wants two______
A.cup of teas B. cups of tea C.cups of tea D. cup of tea
7. The number of the players on the playground ___ 20.
A.am B. is C.are D. be
8. If it____rain tomorrow, we will go camping.
A. doesn't B. won't C. wouldn't D, isn't
9. Please______these vegetables and meat before making soup.
A.cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut in
10.I don’t like salad, apples _______ fish.
A.so B.also C.and D.or
词汇：
feed v. 喂养；饲养
feed sb. sth. / feed sb. with sth. 用……喂养……
feed sth. to sb. 把……喂给……
feed on... 以……为食
练一练：
1) Pandas feed on bamboo.
2) Please feed my dog a piece of bread.
3) Farmers feed wheat to chickens.
4) The mother always feeds her child with milk.
2. worry v. & n. 担心；担忧
worried adj. 烦恼的；焦虑的
be worried about = worry about
Eg: Don’t worry about me.
=Don’t be worried about me.
You need to do something to get rid of your worries.
3.excited adj. 感到激动的（作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人）
exciting adj. 令人激动的（作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物）
练一练：
1) They waited and waited for something exciting to happen.
2) The children were excited about winning the football match.
类似用法的词：interesting/interested, surprising/surprised, boring/bored, scaring/scared, shocking/shocked, frightening/frightened, relaxing/relaxed, tiring/tired ...
surprise n. 惊奇；惊讶 v. 使吃惊
get a surprise 吃惊
in surprise 惊讶地
to one’s surprise 令某人感到惊奇的是
练一练：根据句意选用surprise, surprised或surprising填空。
1) The bad news didn’t surprise him.
2) To my surprise , they gave me the work.
3) We were _surprised__ to know that she was English.
4) It’s surprising_ that our team lost the basketball game.
5) We were _surprised at the surprising news.
5. anything pron. 任何东西，任何事物
常用于否定句和疑问句中，也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何东西”。
Eg: Is there anything you want to buy
You can take anything you like.
anything, something, everything, anyone, someone等复合不定代词的修饰成分都置于其后
Eg: She told me something interesting.
I need something to eat.
短语：
shout at sb. 多指因为生气、愤怒等而非善意地对某人吼叫。
shout to sb. 多指距离远，为了让对方听到而不得不大声叫喊，不含生气、愤怒等感情因素。
Eg: The young mother shouted at her little child.
My brother was on the other side of the street, so I shouted to him.
cut相关短语归纳：
cut up 切碎 cut off 切断
cut in 插嘴 cut down 砍
练一练：
To protect the forests, we should stop people from _____________ trees.
cutting up B. cutting down C. cutting in D. cutting off
It’s not polite to __________ when people are talking.
A. cut up B. cut down C. cut in D. cut off
put相关短语归纳：
put up 搭起，张贴 put down 放下；写下
put off 推迟；拖延 put on 增加（体重）；穿上；表演
put out 熄灭 put away 收起来
练一练：
1)Because of the rain, they had to _______ the sports meet .
A. put off B. put up C. put away D. put down
2) There is going to be a concert in our school. So some students_______ the posters on the notice board.
A. put on B. put off C. put down D. put up
wake up 意为“把......弄醒”，是动副词短语，当宾语是名词时，既可放在短语中间，也 可放在短语的后面；但当宾语是代词时，则只能放在短语中间。
Eg: The noise woke up the baby. =The noise woke the baby up.
Don’t wake her up.
would like (sb.) to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事
Eg: I’d like some orange juice and bread for breakfast.
We would like you to write about what you see.
the number of “……的数量”，其后接可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
a number of “许多；大量”，相当于many，用来修饰可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
练一练：
1) The number of endangered animals ________ more and more, so we must take measures to protect them.
A. am getting B. get C. gets D. are getting
2) There are (be) a number of people attending the meeting. The number of them is (be) three hundred.
语法：
一般过去时
含义： 表示过去某个时间或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last weekend, two days ago等。
构成
类型 句式 构成 例句
be 肯定式 主语+was/were+其他. They were at home yesterday.
否定式 主语+was/were not+其他. They were not at home yesterday.
一般疑问句式及答语 Was/Were+主语+其他 ---Were they at home yesterday ---Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t.
简略回答： Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他 How was your vacation
特殊疑问词（主语）+ was/were +其他 Which was your favorite novel
实义动词 肯定式 主语+动词的过去式+其他. He played the guitar last weekend.
否定式 主语+did not+动词原形+其他. He didn’t play the guitar last weekend.
一般疑问句式及答语 Did+主语+动词原形+其他 ---Did he play the guitar last weekend ---Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.
简略回答： Yes, 主语+did. No, 主语+didn’t.
特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词原形+其他 What did he do last weekend
特殊疑问词（主语）+ 实义动词过去式+其他 Who visited the science museum yesterday
动词的过去式
规则动词过去式的变化规则
类别 变化规律 动词原形 过去式
一般情况 直接加-ed watch watched
以不发音的e结尾 加-d love loved
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 去y加-ied cry cried
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed plan planned
不规则动词的过去式没有固定的变化规则。
用法
表示在过去时间中一次性完成的动作或一度存在的状态
Eg: Tom was late for class yesterday morning.
He worked in the factory last year.
表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作或过去的习惯性动作
Eg: Peter often ate ice-cream two years ago.
She usually went to the cinema when she was young.
单项选择
1. -Where___ last vacation
-I went to the beach.
A. will you go B. do you go C. have you gone D. did you go
2.I was busy so I didn’t___ my grandparents yesterday.
A. visited B. visit C. are visiting D. visits
3. -___ nice the hat is!
-Thank you!
A.What a B. What C.How D. How a
4. Don't _____ too late, or you'll feel tired tomorrow.
A. grow up B. put up C. stay up D. look up
5.---I_____ that you _____ at school yesterday. What happened to you
---I was ill so I asked a day off.
A. heard; aren't B. am hearing; aren't C. heard; were D. heard; weren't
6. Climbing a mountain was ___, so we all felt ______ when we reached (到达) the top of the high mountain.
A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired
7. I saw Lin Lin ______ football on my way home.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played
8. Tina is _____ shy______ she never talks in front of the class.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. so; to
9. Mike is very tired,please don’t___
A. wake up he B. wake he up C. wake up him D. wake him up
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词复数形式的变化规则
规则变化
类别 构成法 例词
一般情况 加-s （清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/，/s/、/z/、/d /等音后发/iz/) map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens
以s, sh, ch, x结尾 加-es，读/iz/ baby---babies city-cities country-countries
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加es，读/iz/ monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
以字母o结尾 少数加-es，读/z/ hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
一般加-s，读/z/ piano-pianos photo-photos radio-radios
部分以f或fe结尾 一般把f或fe变ve加s leaf-leaves shelf-shelves wife-wives knife-knives life-lives（生命） half-halves
不规则变化
名词内部元音变化
例如： child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men woman---women
关于man, woman的词
例如：合成词：policeman-policemen businessman-businessmen
非合成词：human-humans German-Germans
复合词：woman doctor---women doctors
单复数同形
例如：sheep fish deer
国家专有名词
例如：不变化：Chinese Japanese Swiss
变化：German---Germans Englishman--- Englishmen Frenchman--- Frenchmen
有些名词只有复数形式，同时也表示复数含义；做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：clothes trousers shorts glasses socks
Eg: There are two pairs of glasses on the table.
The socks that have been washed are not mine.
有些名词没有形式的变化，但表示复数意义；做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：police people
Eg: Some people like watching talk shows.
不可数名词的数
不可数名词没有复数形式，当要表示确切的量时，可以借助量词，其结构为“量词+of+不可数名词”。当这一结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数要和量词保持一致；
Eg: There is a bottle of water on the table.
I’m very hungry. Three pieces of bread are not enough for me.
当表示不确切的数量时，可用some, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等词来修饰。此结构做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: Many students have little spare time.
Lots of water has been wasted in this area.
既可作可数又可作不可数的名词
有些名词可数还是不可数是根据其意义来判断的，如：
当fish, salad, ice-cream等名词表示该类事物的种类时，则可数；只表示该类事物的数量时，则不可数。
Eg: three fishes 意为“3种鱼”
three fish 意为“3条鱼”
当chicken表示“鸡肉”时，是不可数名词；当表示“小鸡”时，是可数名词。
Eg: I’d like some chicken. 我想要些鸡肉。
I fed some chickens at the farm. 我在农场喂了鸡。
当cabbage表示一颗一颗的卷心菜时，是可数名词；当表示被切碎的菜，或煮熟的菜时，则不可数。
Eg: My mother bought two cabbages in the supermarket.
我的妈妈在超市买了2颗卷心菜。
There are some cabbage in the mutton noodles.
羊肉面里有一些卷心菜。
单项选择
1. -Are there any____in the picture
-Yes, there are.
A.fish B.mutton C.beef D. apple
2. -What would you like for breakfast -I'd like______
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles
C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
3.The film is__among young people.
A. meaningful B. traditional C. popular D. special
4.-May I take your_________
-Yes,I'd like some beef.
A. size B. age C. order D. number
5.-____noodles would you like
-Small, please.
A.What kind of B.What size bowl of C. How much D. How many
6.Helen is very thirsty and she wants two______
A.cup of teas B. cups of tea C.cups of tea D. cup of tea
7. The number of the players on the playground ___ 20.
A.am B. is C.are D. be
8. If it____rain tomorrow, we will go camping.
A. doesn't B. won't C. wouldn't D, isn't
9. Please______these vegetables and meat before making soup.
A.cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut in
10.I don’t like salad, apples _______ fish.
A.so B.also C.and D.or