2024届高三英语二轮复习之名词和数词课件(共35张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习之名词和数词课件(共35张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-27 09:34:36 | ||
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(共35张PPT)
名词和数词
● 单句填空
1.[2022·全国甲卷] Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect).
高考链接
protection
[解析]考查动词向名词的转化。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protection。
2.[2022·浙江6月考] John Olson, a former _____________________
(photograph), and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
高考链接
photographer
[解析]考查动词向名词的转化。根据语境以及former可知,此处指“摄影师”,故填photographer。
3.[2022·浙江1月考] When the answer was no, she declined the
(invite).
高考链接
invitation
[解析] 考查动词向名词的转化。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词declined的宾语,故填invitation。
4. [2022·浙江6月考] For Luc, this means________________________
(independent).“The feeling of being able to see it and form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
高考链接
independence
[解析]考查形容词向名词的转化。mean是及物动词,作mean的宾语应用independent的名词independence,表示“独立”。故填independence。
5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] In the (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
高考链接
[解析]考查序数词。根据空格前的the以及七年级指的是第7个年级可知,此处需用序数词。
seventh
考点一 名词的数
规则1 单数名词变为复数名词的规则变化
考点解读
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doctors,tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches;但stomach的复数形式直接加-s,即stomachs
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies
(续表)
考点解读
情况 方法 例词
以“元音字母+y”结尾 加-s boys,toys,monkeys
以f或fe结尾 大都变f或fe为v,再加-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs
以o结尾 通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos
有的加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
规则2 不规则变化
考点解读
变化规则 例词
自身有特殊变化的名词 child孩子→children; man男人→men; tooth牙→teeth; foot脚;英尺→feet; mouse老鼠→mice; phenomenon现象→phenomena; medium传播媒介→media
单复数同形 Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;means 方式;species物种
规则3 合成名词的复数
若有中心词,则把中心词变成复数;若无中心词,则把最后一个词变成复数。
son-in-law→sons-in-law,passer-by→passers-by
grown-up→grown-ups
考点解读
规则4 常考的不可数名词
考点解读
行李baggage,luggage 进步progress
零钱change 消息news,word
作业homework 建议advice
家务活housework 天气weather
乐趣fun 设备equipment
家具furniture 信息information
考点二 抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。
考点解读
抽象名词 具体化
success成功 a success一个成功的人或事
failure 失败 a failure一个失败的人或事
surprise惊讶 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事情
pleasure快乐 a pleasure 一件乐事
honour荣誉 an honour 一件感到荣幸的事情
考点三 名词所有格
考点解读
情况 构成 示例
表示有生命的名词的所有格 在词尾加“'s” the boy's bag,men's rooms
若名词已有复数词尾s 只在词尾加“'” the workers' struggle
(续表)
考点解读
情况 构成 示例
如果两个名词并列,且分别加“'s”,则表示“分别有……”;若只有后一个名词加“'s”,则表示两个“共有” John's and Mary's rooms(两间);John and Mary's room(一间)
省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor's 在诊所;at my sister's在我姐姐(妹妹)的家
(续表)
考点解读
情况 构成 示例
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词的所有格 在词尾加“'s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的” twenty minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
of属格:无生命的名词的所有格用of结构 a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers
双重所有格 名词+of+名词的“'s”结构 a friend of my father's, works of Lu Xun's
考点 序数词
规则 序数词前面一般加the,多数序数词由基数词加-th构成,如:fifteenth; 以y结尾的基数词变化时,先把y改成i,再加-eth,如:twentieth。
注意几个不规则的序数词的写法,如:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
考点解读
单句填空
1. Class means a person's economic position in society, and a commonly used (classify) is lower class, middle class and upper class.
实战演练
classification
[解析]考查名词。形容词used应修饰名词,且空前有不定冠词a修饰,故填名词classification。
2. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity)on Earth Day.
实战演练
activities
[解析]考查名词复数。形容词various意为“各种各样的”,后面需跟可数名词的复数形式。
3. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in__________
(weigh) problems.
实战演练
weight
[解析]考查词形转换。根据语境可知,此处表示体重方面的问题,应填名词作定语。
4. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
实战演练
scientist
[解析]考查词形转换。此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家,故应填scientist。
5. Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of
(achieve).
实战演练
achievement
[解析]考查词形转换。此处用名词充当介词of的宾语,指“成就感”。
6. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
实战演练
studies
[解析]考查名词复数。空格后面的谓语动词show为原形,故此处应用名词的复数形式。
7. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top
(attract).
实战演练
attraction
[解析]考查词形转换。its为形容词性物主代词,其后需要跟名词。
8.When you are faced with challenges, you should believe that
(confident) is what makes a difference.
实战演练
confidence
[解析]考查词形转换。所填词在that引导的宾语从句中作主语,故应该用名词confidence,意为“信心”。
9. At the press conference, a government spokesman expressed his great concern for the (safe) of the three trapped workers.
实战演练
safety
[解析]考查词形转换。根据定冠词the以及空后的of可知,此处应用名词,故填safety。
10. With new technologies introduced, the company made
(two) as many computers as the year before last.
实战演练
twice
[解析]考查序数词。此处为倍数表达法,twice表示“两倍”,置于“as…as”结构前。
语法填空 [2022·河南信阳高三阶段练习]
The Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins, 1. (locate) 10 kilometres west of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is the largest, oldest and best-preserved earthen architectural site in the world,
实战演练
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了交河古城遗址的重要性及其受到的保护。
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词,be located意为“位于”,所以用过去分词作定语。故填located。
located
2. holds great political, cultural, historical and artistic value.
实战演练
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的The Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
Guri Bakri, a 39-year-old conservator of the Jiaohe Ruins, starts her daily inspection at the site as usual, ensuring the safety of tourists and 3. (make) photographic records along the way.
实战演练
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处和ensuring并列作状语,应用现在分词。故填making。
making
She is the third generation of Guri's family who have been working as local cultural conservators, 4. (constant) guarding this historic site since her grandfather 5. (become) the only conservator in Jiaohe in 1961.
实战演练
constantly
[解析] 4.考查副词。设空处修饰动词guarding,应用副词作状语。故填constantly。
5. 考查时态。设空处为从句谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1961可知,时态为一般过去时,故填became。
became
After graduating in 2013, Guri returned to her hometown and became one of her father's 6. (colleague).
实战演练
[解析] 考查名词复数。设空处接在one of后,用名词复数形式。故填colleagues。
colleagues
Talking about Jiaohe, Guri said that she would always remember June 22, 2014, when the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins 7.________________
(name) the World Heritage Site.
实战演练
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语可知,使用一般过去时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,主语是the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins,为专有名词,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填was named。
was named
She was proud of her participation in the application 8. the title.
实战演练
[解析] 考查介词。设空处表示“对……,关于”,一般用介词for和application连用。故填for。
for
In recent years, the state cultural protection department has invested more than 100 million yuan ($14.8m) in the 9._______________
(protect) of Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins.
实战演练
protection
[解析]考查名词。设空处接在介词in后面,应用名词作宾语。故填protection。
This year, Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins will take the fifth round of structural reinforcement (加固). 10. team of conservators has also expanded to 12. This old city of more than 2,000 years is gaining new energy.
实战演练
The
[解析] 考查冠词。设空处特指文物保护团队,应用定冠词the,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填The。
名词和数词
● 单句填空
1.[2022·全国甲卷] Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect).
高考链接
protection
[解析]考查动词向名词的转化。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protection。
2.[2022·浙江6月考] John Olson, a former _____________________
(photograph), and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
高考链接
photographer
[解析]考查动词向名词的转化。根据语境以及former可知,此处指“摄影师”,故填photographer。
3.[2022·浙江1月考] When the answer was no, she declined the
(invite).
高考链接
invitation
[解析] 考查动词向名词的转化。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词declined的宾语,故填invitation。
4. [2022·浙江6月考] For Luc, this means________________________
(independent).“The feeling of being able to see it and form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
高考链接
independence
[解析]考查形容词向名词的转化。mean是及物动词,作mean的宾语应用independent的名词independence,表示“独立”。故填independence。
5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] In the (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
高考链接
[解析]考查序数词。根据空格前的the以及七年级指的是第7个年级可知,此处需用序数词。
seventh
考点一 名词的数
规则1 单数名词变为复数名词的规则变化
考点解读
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doctors,tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches;但stomach的复数形式直接加-s,即stomachs
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies
(续表)
考点解读
情况 方法 例词
以“元音字母+y”结尾 加-s boys,toys,monkeys
以f或fe结尾 大都变f或fe为v,再加-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs
以o结尾 通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos
有的加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
规则2 不规则变化
考点解读
变化规则 例词
自身有特殊变化的名词 child孩子→children; man男人→men; tooth牙→teeth; foot脚;英尺→feet; mouse老鼠→mice; phenomenon现象→phenomena; medium传播媒介→media
单复数同形 Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;means 方式;species物种
规则3 合成名词的复数
若有中心词,则把中心词变成复数;若无中心词,则把最后一个词变成复数。
son-in-law→sons-in-law,passer-by→passers-by
grown-up→grown-ups
考点解读
规则4 常考的不可数名词
考点解读
行李baggage,luggage 进步progress
零钱change 消息news,word
作业homework 建议advice
家务活housework 天气weather
乐趣fun 设备equipment
家具furniture 信息information
考点二 抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。
考点解读
抽象名词 具体化
success成功 a success一个成功的人或事
failure 失败 a failure一个失败的人或事
surprise惊讶 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事情
pleasure快乐 a pleasure 一件乐事
honour荣誉 an honour 一件感到荣幸的事情
考点三 名词所有格
考点解读
情况 构成 示例
表示有生命的名词的所有格 在词尾加“'s” the boy's bag,men's rooms
若名词已有复数词尾s 只在词尾加“'” the workers' struggle
(续表)
考点解读
情况 构成 示例
如果两个名词并列,且分别加“'s”,则表示“分别有……”;若只有后一个名词加“'s”,则表示两个“共有” John's and Mary's rooms(两间);John and Mary's room(一间)
省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor's 在诊所;at my sister's在我姐姐(妹妹)的家
(续表)
考点解读
情况 构成 示例
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词的所有格 在词尾加“'s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的” twenty minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
of属格:无生命的名词的所有格用of结构 a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers
双重所有格 名词+of+名词的“'s”结构 a friend of my father's, works of Lu Xun's
考点 序数词
规则 序数词前面一般加the,多数序数词由基数词加-th构成,如:fifteenth; 以y结尾的基数词变化时,先把y改成i,再加-eth,如:twentieth。
注意几个不规则的序数词的写法,如:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
考点解读
单句填空
1. Class means a person's economic position in society, and a commonly used (classify) is lower class, middle class and upper class.
实战演练
classification
[解析]考查名词。形容词used应修饰名词,且空前有不定冠词a修饰,故填名词classification。
2. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity)on Earth Day.
实战演练
activities
[解析]考查名词复数。形容词various意为“各种各样的”,后面需跟可数名词的复数形式。
3. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in__________
(weigh) problems.
实战演练
weight
[解析]考查词形转换。根据语境可知,此处表示体重方面的问题,应填名词作定语。
4. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
实战演练
scientist
[解析]考查词形转换。此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家,故应填scientist。
5. Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of
(achieve).
实战演练
achievement
[解析]考查词形转换。此处用名词充当介词of的宾语,指“成就感”。
6. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
实战演练
studies
[解析]考查名词复数。空格后面的谓语动词show为原形,故此处应用名词的复数形式。
7. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top
(attract).
实战演练
attraction
[解析]考查词形转换。its为形容词性物主代词,其后需要跟名词。
8.When you are faced with challenges, you should believe that
(confident) is what makes a difference.
实战演练
confidence
[解析]考查词形转换。所填词在that引导的宾语从句中作主语,故应该用名词confidence,意为“信心”。
9. At the press conference, a government spokesman expressed his great concern for the (safe) of the three trapped workers.
实战演练
safety
[解析]考查词形转换。根据定冠词the以及空后的of可知,此处应用名词,故填safety。
10. With new technologies introduced, the company made
(two) as many computers as the year before last.
实战演练
twice
[解析]考查序数词。此处为倍数表达法,twice表示“两倍”,置于“as…as”结构前。
语法填空 [2022·河南信阳高三阶段练习]
The Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins, 1. (locate) 10 kilometres west of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is the largest, oldest and best-preserved earthen architectural site in the world,
实战演练
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了交河古城遗址的重要性及其受到的保护。
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词,be located意为“位于”,所以用过去分词作定语。故填located。
located
2. holds great political, cultural, historical and artistic value.
实战演练
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的The Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
Guri Bakri, a 39-year-old conservator of the Jiaohe Ruins, starts her daily inspection at the site as usual, ensuring the safety of tourists and 3. (make) photographic records along the way.
实战演练
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处和ensuring并列作状语,应用现在分词。故填making。
making
She is the third generation of Guri's family who have been working as local cultural conservators, 4. (constant) guarding this historic site since her grandfather 5. (become) the only conservator in Jiaohe in 1961.
实战演练
constantly
[解析] 4.考查副词。设空处修饰动词guarding,应用副词作状语。故填constantly。
5. 考查时态。设空处为从句谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1961可知,时态为一般过去时,故填became。
became
After graduating in 2013, Guri returned to her hometown and became one of her father's 6. (colleague).
实战演练
[解析] 考查名词复数。设空处接在one of后,用名词复数形式。故填colleagues。
colleagues
Talking about Jiaohe, Guri said that she would always remember June 22, 2014, when the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins 7.________________
(name) the World Heritage Site.
实战演练
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语可知,使用一般过去时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,主语是the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins,为专有名词,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填was named。
was named
She was proud of her participation in the application 8. the title.
实战演练
[解析] 考查介词。设空处表示“对……,关于”,一般用介词for和application连用。故填for。
for
In recent years, the state cultural protection department has invested more than 100 million yuan ($14.8m) in the 9._______________
(protect) of Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins.
实战演练
protection
[解析]考查名词。设空处接在介词in后面,应用名词作宾语。故填protection。
This year, Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins will take the fifth round of structural reinforcement (加固). 10. team of conservators has also expanded to 12. This old city of more than 2,000 years is gaining new energy.
实战演练
The
[解析] 考查冠词。设空处特指文物保护团队,应用定冠词the,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填The。