(共37张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Using language
Review:word formation
1.Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passageMatch the words in bold to the types of word formation.
a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
b ... sculpt a sculpture.
c When we... see rain..., we can say “it's raining”...
d WHO
1 abbreviating
2 changing the part of speech
3 adding a prefix or suffix
4 combining two or more words
Now look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
2. Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliarwords. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ① (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionallyusing a pen) and ② (known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. lf vou add un- or in- to aword, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn't correct it's ③ , and if someone isn't happy they're④ . Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns.For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great⑤ .
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round.When we calm somebody down, they become⑥ . And we can qive someone a present by ⑦ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “ World Trade Organization” can be referred to as ⑧ ,and ⑨ is short for “as soon as possible“.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
3.Work in groups. Chooseone type and come upwith as many words aspossible.
Abbreviatin
changing the partof speech
adding a prefix orsuffix
combining two ormore words
American and British English
1. Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.
Now complete the passage with the words above.
Today, American English is in common international use. lt is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America‘s first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “-er”, which is why① is spelt ② in American English.
The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting
③ in their cars and driving along the ④ ,whereas in the UK, people put ⑤ in their cars and drive along the ⑥ .Americans take the ⑦ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the ⑧ . In the US, they take the ⑨ . but in the UK ,people travel on the ⑩ . Americans live in a(n) , while the British live in a(n) .
lt's not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries canunderstand each other from the context. But that doesn't stop them havinga friendly argument about which word is the “right” one!
5.Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet.
Unfamiliar English expressions
Each year; many additions are
made to English dictionaries.
Recent additions include “selfie”
“ (a photograph that you take of
yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen” (a
citizen who uses the Internet).
Some messaging abbreviations havealso been added, for example, BRB (beright back), COZ (because) and G2G(got to go).
Did You Know
7.Listen again and complete the table.
Now talk about how the speakers ask for and explairthe meanings of the words. Listen again if necessary.
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to ask forand explain the meanings of the expressions.
Student A: Turn to Page 81.
Student B: Turn to Page 84.
Speaking
Situation 1:
You are a waiter / waitress in a restaurant. You ask your customer whether he / she needs a doggy bag.(Note: A doggy bag" is a bag or box in which you take unfinished food home from a restaurant. )
Situation 2:
You see a sign in a supemarket saying "3 for 2". You don't know what it means and ask the shop assistant to explain.
Student A: turn to Page 81
Useful expressions
Sicuation 1
lt means ...
You use it to ...
Situation 2
I beg your pardon
What does... mean
What's that for
When you say ... you mean....right
Unfamiliar English expressions
Situation 1:
You are asking for the bill in a restaurant. The waiter /waitress asks you if you need a doggy bag. You don't know what it is and ask him / her to explain.
Situation 2:
You are a shop assistant. A customer asks you what “3 for 2”means
(Note: "3 for 2" means that if you buy two itemsyou get a third one for free. )
Student A: turn to Page 81
Useful expressions
Sicuation 1
I beg your pardon
What does.., mean
What's that for
When you say... you mean....right
Situation 2
lt means...
It's a shorter way of saying...
You use it to...
Unfamiliar English expressions
9.Work in pairs. Find new words and their meaningson the Internet, and have a similar conversation.
Learning to learn
Some of the language used on the lnternet is different to thelanguage used in other forms of communication. lt may be aquick and, to you, clear way to communicate, but before youuse it, stop and think: do you want to communicate withand why Make sure that any abbreviations and emojis youuse are appropriate for the situation, and consider whetheryour readers will even know what you mean by BRB or COZ.
Please guess the meaning of the following words.
1.The pickpocket was caught while stealing the money from a girl on the bus.
2.To safeguard the country is one of the most important tasks of the army.
扒手
捍卫，保卫
合成法
将两个或两个以上的单词根据一定的规则组合成一个新词。合成词拆开后，仍有各自的意义。
classroom
教室
greenhouse
温室
合成法：复合名词
grown-up
mother-in-law
handwriting
sleeping-pills
income
passer-by
合成法：复合名词
成年人
婆婆，岳母
书法
安眠药
收入，收益
路人
taxfree
免税的
evergreen
长绿的
常绿的
合成法：复合形容词
heartbroken
心碎的
three-year-old (三岁的)
two-hour (两小时的)
full-time (全日制的)
kind-hearted(好心肠的)
hard-working (勤奋的)
合成法：复合形容词
world-famous(闻名世界的)
brainwash
洗脑
overwork
加班
合成法：复合动词
合成法：复合动词
download
overcome
装满，加载
压倒，克服
sleepwalk
梦游
underline
在……下划线
判断下列划线词的词义及词性
1.The little girl didn’t dare to face the mouse so she coverer her face with her hands.
2. The nurse calm down the patient with calm words.
3. Do you know the girl in red with a red flower in her hand.
动词
名词
动词
形容词
名词
形容词
转化法
将一种词性的词转化为另一种词性，而词形不变
We must shoulder the responsibilities.
Snow capped the mountains.
Have you booked the ticket
Hand in your papers please.
She nursed her husband back to health.
请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.I felt so upset that they all _____________(agree) with my idea.
2.Her family are all .(music)
3.The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)
disagreed
musicians
派生法
在一个词上附加前缀或后缀构成新词
honesty
act
做
表演
法令
react
interact
enact
transact
回应，反应
相互作用
制定法令
交易
action
行为，行动
active
活跃的，积极的
actual
真实的，现实的
前缀+后缀：
inactive
不活跃的，懒惰的
Match the right words from the right column with the
words on the left.
1. enrich A. trying to find jobs
2. troublesome B. without limit
3. imaginative C. having, using imagination
4. sharpen D. causing trouble
5. job hunting E. make or become sharp
6. limitless F. make rich, improve in
quality, flavour, etc.
A
B
C
D
E
F
motel
motor +hotel
brunch
breakfast +lunch
拼缀法
把两个词同时进行裁剪，或截头或去尾，或只裁剪两个词中的一个，保留另外一个。然后把两部分拼合在一起，构成一个新词。
advertisement
gymnastics
influenza
ad
gym
flu
把词的音节加以简化或省略
缩略法
Homework
1. Finish Exercise 1 and 2 on your homework sheet.
2. Write down the story in Activity 2 in your homework sheet, trying to use as many basic sentence structures as possible. Exchange your story with your partner’s and assess each other’s work with the assessment form.(共30张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Vocabulary
单词词汇
单词词汇
单词词汇
单词词汇
短语词汇
短语词汇
短语词汇
话题词汇
话题词汇
话题短语
behavior
①Many parents are worrying about the effect of smart phone on their children‘s behavior.
②He told his pupils to behave well and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
③Behave yourself in public and you will win the respect of most of us.
behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体
behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习性
behave V. 表现,举止得体
confusing
Even the smallest words can be confusing.
(1)confuse
confuse...with/and...
(2)confusing
confused
(3)confusion
vt. 使迷惑；混淆
把……和……混淆
adj. 令人困惑的；令人混淆的
adj. 感到困惑的
n. 混乱；困惑
①He used many terms in his speech which sounded ___________(confuse) to the audience. 他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了莫名其妙。
②I always _________ her _________ her twin sister：they look so alike.我总分不清这对双胞胎姐妹，她们长得太像了。
③To avoid __________(confuse), the teams wore different colours. 为避免混淆，各队穿着不同颜色的服装。
confusing
confuse
with/and
confusion
confusing
④The _________ look on his face suggested that he was _________ about the __________ questions asked by his parents.(confuse)
他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的
那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。
confused
confused
confusing
confusing
burn up
写出下列句中burn up的含义
(1)Usually the satellites burn up about 100km above the earth.
(2)Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race？
(3)Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually.
烧毁
燃烧(能量)
火烧旺
reflect
The light reflected from the water into my eyes. White clouds were reflected in the lake. Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said. On reflection, I decided to accept her suggestion.
reflect from...
reflect in...
reflect on/upon...
on reflection
从……中反射
在……中反映出来
仔细考虑/沉思/反省……
经再三考虑；反思
reflect
The trip to that city was eye opening for everyone，and near its end，all the young people in our group began to ______________what it had meant. 去那个城市旅行开阔了每个人的眼界。旅途快结束的时候，我们组的所有年轻人都开始思考此行的意义。
Usually a child’s behavior is a ________(reflect) of his family environment.一个孩子的行为通常是家庭环境的反映。
reflect on/upon
reflection
creativity
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
create
creation
creative
creator
v．创造；创作；创立
n. 创造；创造物
adj. 创造性的，有创造力的；有创意的
n. 创作人，创作者；创始人
①American art reached a peak of _________ in the 50s and 60s.美国艺术在五六十年代达到了一次创作顶峰。
②She’s very ________─she writes poetry and paints.她极富创造力，既赋诗又作画。
③Language is the most important mental ________ of man. 语言是人类头脑最重要的产物。
⑤Jobs was without doubt one of the _________(create) of the Apple Inc.毫无疑问，乔布斯是苹果公司的创始人之一。
creativity
creative
creation
creators
creativity
have trouble doing sth.
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English
have trouble doing sth.“做某事有困难、费力”，且doing 前面省略掉了in。其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some, any, no, little等词来修饰。
表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构：
have difficulty with sth./ in doing sth.
have trouble/problem (in) doing sth.
have a hard time in doing sth.
For him，there is no difficulty ___________(answer) such an easy question.
Whenever we have trouble_____our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
answering
with
have trouble doing sth.
neither引导倒装句
Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
neither置于句首的部分倒装句式语序为：neither＋连系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形(不含系动词be)＋其他成分。可用nor替换neither。
否定副词位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。常见的否定副词(短语): hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, never, not, little, seldom, at no time, in no way, by no means, under no condition, not until, neither, nor等。
①If he doesn’t go to the park tomorrow, neither/nor will I.如果明天他不去公园，我也不去。
②Nor_____know where we should go next.我不知道我们接下来去哪里。
③Never ____________anything so wonderful as that.我从未见过像那样精彩的东西。
④Little _____________about the man making speech.我们对这个做演讲的人几乎一无所知。
do I
have I seen
do we know
neither引导倒装句
同义句转换(neither...nor)
The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn’t either.
Neither the parents nor their son was satisfied with the result.
neither引导倒装句
That/This is why...
That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
This/That/It is why...是一个常用句型， 意为“这/那是……的原因”， 其中why引导表语从句， 表示结果。
This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为…… (because引导表语从句， 表示原因)
The reason for (doing) sth./why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句， 表示原因)
①Tom was ill. ____________he was absent from class.
汤姆病了，那就是他没来上课的原因。
②Tom was absent from class. _______________ he was ill.汤姆没来上课。那是因为他病了。
③_____________Tom was absent from class ________ he was ill. 汤姆没来上课的原因是他病了。
That was why
That was because
The reason why
was that
That/This is why...
一句多译:她很伤心， 那是因为她儿子在一次事故中丧生了。
She was very sad.________________ her son was killed in an accident.
Her son was killed in an accident._____________ she was very sad.
____________________________was that her son was killed in an accident.
That was because
That was why
The reason why she was very sad
That/This is why...
Homework
Option 1. Can read and write vocabulary for this unit.
Option 2. Proficient in mastering the words and phrases in this unit, able to use sentences.(共22张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Developing ideas
Now think about more English expressions that may cause misunderstandings.
1.Read the following expressions ancquess their meanings
What's up
ring a bell
small potatoes
toilet water
at sixes and sevens
green fingers
pull up one's socks
Developing ideas
2. Read the passage and find thewords or expressions that causedthe misunderstandings.
Developing ideas
Learning to learn
Online English-learning forums can be avery useful learning resource. Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learner around the world.
事故
论坛
提醒
相当
翻译
说话困难
青蛙
评论
翻译
12.when 引导的时间状语从句.
14.不定式短语作目的状语.
17.where 引导的宾语从句，作动词 ask 的宾语。
19.that 引导的宾语从句，作动词 say 的宾语。
20.when 引导的时间状语从句.
22.that 引导的宾语从句，作动词 see 的宾语.
Grammar
市中心
靴子
入口
区域
出口
实际上
在楼下
翻译
25.who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词 penfriend，关系代词 who 在从句中作动词 meet 的宾语.
26.that 引导的宾语从句，作动词 tell 的宾语
28.when 引导的时间状语从句
Grammar
邪恶
奇怪
负面的
翻译
Not bad
错误
翻译
3.Read the definitions of the words and expressions that caused themisunderstandings. Match the definitions to the posts.
a (British English) the floor of a building above the one at ground level;(American English) the floor of a building at ground level
b pretty good, better than you expected
c unable to speak clearly for a short time because your throat is dry or blocked
d morally wrong and intending to hurt people: (informal) very good, fantastic
1 Which post do you find most interesting Why
2 How would you deal with the situations described in the posts
3 What examples of internet lanquage are used in the passage
What do they mean
4 Do vou know of any Chinese expressions that often cause misunderstandings for people from other countries
Share them with the class.
Think & Share
4 Work in pairs. Retell the situations in the four posts.
Writing a story about a misunderstanding in English
5 Look at the pictures and answer the question:
1 Who were the people in the story
2 Where did the story take place
3 What happened
4 What caused the misunderstanding
6.Write a paragraph to tell the story. Use the expressions in the box to help you.
Lasf sunamer, I sfayed with a Brifish fanily. One day, ..
Useful expressions
I was really surprisedwhen…
I wasn't sure whether…
To my astonishment, …
It turned out that…
Homework
Option 1. Repeated reading of articles.
Option 2. Share your story with the class.(共33张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Starting out
Look and Think
_________ has the largest number of native speakers .
Chinese
________has the largest number of learners around the world.
English
Look and Think
The number of English learners in China is ___________ .
increasing
Why do you think many peple in China learn Chinese
Look and Think
Understanding ideas
Objectives
1. Look at the the title of the passage and pictures. Tick what you think the passage is about.
food
cooking
words
plants
fruit
2. Read the passage and check your answer to Activity1
1.连词 neither ... nor ... 连接并列的名词.
2.why 引导的宾语从句，作动词 ask 的宾语
3.until 引导的时间状语从句。其中 whether 引导的宾语从句，作动词 ask 的宾语.
5.that 引导的宾语从句，作动词 realize 的宾语.
9.how 引导的宾语从句，作动词 think 的宾语.
Grammar
菠萝≠松树+苹果
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难 我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我 5 岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有 ham(4 )答案是没有.这让我意识到，eggplant(6 )里面也没有 egg(鸡蛋)，而pineapple(8 )里既没有 pine(7 ),也 没有apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考: 对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢
本段段意:人们学习英语有困难。
火腿
茄子
松树
菠萝
翻译
12.并列连词 and 连接并列的谓宾结构 sculpt a sculpture 和paint a painting.
13.并列连词 but 连接并列的分句 we can sculpt ...和 we take…
14.并列连词 and 连接前后并列的句子，表示顺承关系.
15.when 引导的时间状语从句.
16.that 引导的宾语从句，作动词 say 的宾语。其中第一个 or连接并列名词 car 和 taxi; 并列连词 but 连接并列介词短语 in the car or the taxi 和 on the train or bus; 第二个 or 连接并列名词 trair和 bus.
Grammar
17.while 引导的时间状语从句.
20.并列连词 and 连接前后三个并列的短语 seasick at sea, airsick in the air 和 carsick in a car.
22.并列连词 but 连接 we can ...和we don’t ...
24. when 引导的时间状语从句.
Grammar
例如，闲暇时我们可以10 一座11 sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但只能拍一张照片(take a photo).当我们旅行时，我们说我们坐在汽车或出租车里面(in),但坐在火车或公共汽车上面(on)! 当我们旅行时，我们会在海上18 (seasick at sea)、在飞机里19 (airsick in the air)、在车里21 (carsick in a car)，但当我们到家里时我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意义为“23 ”)。说到家，为什么 homework(家庭作业)和 housework(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢
本段段意: 举例子来说明英语的不可思议.
雕刻
雕像
晕船
晕机
晕车
想家的
翻译
如果说 hard(硬)是 soft(软)的反义词，为什么 hardly(几乎不）和 softly(柔和地)却不是26 一对词 如果说 harmlessactions(无害行为)和 harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反，为什么shameless(无耻的)和 shameful(可耻的)28 反而是一回事
本段段意:举例子来说明英语的不可思议。
相反的
行为
翻译
当我们从窗户往外看时，看到雨(rain)或雪(snow)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it’s raining)或正在下雪(it’s snowing)。可我们看见阳光(sunshine)的时候却不能说“正在下阳光”(it’s sunshining)
本段段意: 举例子来说明英语的不可思议。
翻译
就算是最短小的单词都31 .当你在医学报告中看到 33 WHO 时，你会把它读成 Who's that 中的 who 吗 那么IT和 US 又该怎么读呢
本段段意: 举例子来说明英语的不可思议.
让人费解
大写的
翻译
英语这门语言34 疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说 burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”，实际意思为36 ),也可以说 burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”，实际意思为37 ); 填表的时候，你可以fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”)，也可以 fill it out(字面意走了(go off字面意思为“填入表外”;而且只有39 走了（get off字面意思为“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声!
本段段意: 举例子来说明英语的不可思议。
独一无二的
烧毁
烧毁
闹钟
翻译
14.并列连词 and 连接 English was invented ...和 t reflects两个并列的分句。
15.why 引导的表语从句，其中并列连词 but 连接两个并列的主从复合句，两个 when 都引导时间状语从句
Grammar
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，并且它 41 人类的42 。这就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来了)的时候它们是44 ，而 lights are out(灯灭了)的时候我们却看不到灯光。这也是为什么当我 wind up my watch(给手表45 以后表针开始走，而当我 wind up this passage( 本文)时，它就结束了。
本段段意:事实上，英语是被创造出来的。
反映了
创造力
可见的
上发条
结束
翻译
3.Choose the author's purpose in writing the passage.
1 To tell us that English s very difficult to learn.
2 To give advice on how to learn English.
3 To show that English is interesting and creative.
4 To explain how English was created.
4. Complete the notes with words from the passage.
5. Read the following information and answer the questions.
1 How did pineapples, hamburgers and eggplants get their names
2 Does the information above give you a better understanding of the passage
Give your reasons
1.Do you agree with the author's opinion about the Englishlanguage Give your reasons.
2. What do you find most challenging about learning English How do you dealwith this
Think & Share
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The words photo and homesick were mentioned ________.
A．to show how crazy it is to learn English
B．to tell us the differences between their usages
C．to analyze the formation of the words
D．to share how to learn a crazy language
√
Practice
2．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A．Because the English words show everything around us.
B．Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C．Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D．Because the English words are unique in the world.
√
3．The author’s purpose to write the passage is ________．
A．to share the difficulty in learning different English words well
B．to show how interesting and creative the language of English is
C．to instruct how to spell difficult English words correctly
D．to analyze the reason for inventing the language of English
√
Homework
Option 1. Repeated reading of articles.
Option 2. Mastering New Words in an Article
