Module 6 Old and New 模块精品备课

课件27张PPT。Module 6Module 6 Old and NewCultural cornerThe Empire State BuildingHow much do you know it?Match the paragraphs with main ideas.A. Facts about the Empire State Building
B. Most of the tallest buildings were built in recent years.
C. The tallest buildings in New YorkPara.1
Para 2
Para 3102: The Empire State Building is 102 storeys highIt was completed in May 1931.The whole building has 6,500 windows.Read the passage and find out the related information about the following figures.1931:6,500:From the observatory at the top, on a clear day you can see five US states.Lightning strikes the Empire State Building about 500 times a year.5: 500:The Empire State Building was the tallest building in the world for 41 year 41(1931-1972):Read the passage and and answer these questions.1. For how long was the Empire State
Building the tallest building in the
world?For 41 years.2. Why do you think there are so
many tall buildings in the world
now?There isn’t enough space in cities, so you have to build up.The world’s top 10 tallest buildings(2013)Dubai tower(迪拜塔）Height: 828m
Storey: 160
Location: in Arab
Size: 344,000 square meters
Time taken: 5 years
Cost:16 billion dollars
Function: business,
entertainmentHeight: 509m
Storey: 101
Location: in Taipei
Size: 289,000 square meters
Time taken: 5years
( completed in 2003)
Function: business, tourismTaipei 101 (台北101大厦)Height: 492m
Location: in Shanghai
Size: 382,000 square meters
Time taken: 6 years(2003)
Cost: 10 billion dollars
Function: business Shanghai World Financial Center
(上海环球经融中心)Height: 452m
Storey: 88
Location: in MalaysiaPetronas Twin Towers
(双子星大厦)Height: 442m
Location: in Chicago
Size: 418,000 square
meters
Function: used as
officesSears Tower (西尔斯大厦)Height: 450m
Location: in Nanjing
Function: business,
entertainment, offices, hotelsZifeng building (紫峰大厦)Height: 420.5m
Location: in Shanghai
Size: 29,000 square
meters
Storey: 88
Time taken: 6 years
Function: business,
entertainment Jin Mao building
(金茂大厦）Height: 420m
Location: in Hong Kong
Storey: 88
Cost: 30 billion dollars
Function: business,
entertainment 2 International Finance Centre
(国际金融中心二期)Height：391m
Location: in Guangzhou
Size: 29,000 square meters
Storey: 83
Time taken: 6 years (it was
completed in
2010)
Function: business,
entertainment CITIC Plaza
(广州中信广场 )Height: 384m
Location: in Shenzhen
Time taken: 3 years
(completed
in 1996)
Function: businessShun Hing square
(信兴广场大厦)Why do you think there are so many tall buildings in the world now?1. Does the writer of the email live in Zigui County? Read the email and answer the questions.Because it is where her grandparents had lived. No, she doesn’t.2. Why did she want to visit the region? 3. What had changed since the last time she was there? The area has been flooded because of the Three Gorges Dam. Write an email to a friend about a visit to place which has changed since your last visit.HomeworkFirstly, write the topic of your message on the subject line.
Secondly, keep your e-mail as short as possible.
Thirdly, check e-mail for spelling errors and other mistakes.
Lastly, write your name at the end of your message. 课件66张PPT。Module 6Module 6 Old and NewNon-defining attributive clauses
非限制性定语从句1. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the world’s third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.世界第三大长河—长江的能量已经被三峡大坝转化为了动力。Read and translate the sentences.2. The Three Gorges Dam, which is the
biggest construction project in China since
the building of the Great Wall and the
Grand Canal, has been built to control
flooding and provide hydro-electric power
for the central region of China. 继长城和大运河之后, 最大的建筑工程 — 三峡大坝被建造以控制洪灾并为华中地区提供电力。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 与先行词之间一般不加逗号;
非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、定语。关系副词有when, where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。 1. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
2. My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.Examples:3. Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me.
4. It’s the same in China—many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.Differences between the Attributive Clauses and Non-defining Attributive Clauses.Look at the following sentences and tell the differences between them.1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
他在在北京工作的父亲昨天回来了。
2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly.
中国东部的上海正迅速发展着。Conclusion 1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
（不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐, 她在医院工作。
（只有一们姐姐）3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他编写的。
4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他编写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。Conclusion 21. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分, 如果去掉它, 主句意思往往不明确。
2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明, 去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。1. This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。3. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思, 这使我心烦。Conclusion 31. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词, 关系副词来引导, 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句, 不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。1. The famous basketball star, ____ comes from America, will visit our school soon.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with ______ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost me a lot.whichwhomwho4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, ______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.whichwherewhen7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
8. __ we all know, he is good at English.Aswhich1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句, 相当于and this或and that。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思, 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的
不同之处在于:
(1) as引导的定语从句可置于句首, 而
which引导的定语从句不可放在句
首。(2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作
主语时, 从句中的谓语必须是系动词;
若从句中的谓语为行为动词, 则从句
中的关系代词只能用which。另外, as
引导非限制性从句, 常带有“正如”的
意思。1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ______ came as a surprise.
2. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
3. __ is expected, the England team won the football match.AswhichwhichExercisesI. Fill in the blanks.4. It rained hard yesterday, _____ prevented me from going to the park.
5. ___ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.whichAsHelen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. whichII. Choose the best answers.2. There were dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that
3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, ____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. when B. which C. what D. that4. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____ is often the case in other countries.. A. it B. that C. as D .so5. Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, ___ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. on that time C. on which D. by which time
6. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ___ leading actor is world-famous?
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which7. ─ Is there a department store around
___ I can get a birthday present for
my daughter? ─ Yes, just across the street. A. here B which C. where D. it1. ① This is one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
　② This is the very one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was　
C. which were D. that wereBDIII. Compare and choose the best
answers.2. ① He has two sons, ____ are college students.
② He has two sons, and __ are college
students. A. both of which B. both of whom　C. both of them D. both of itCB 3.① He still lives in the room __ window faces to the east.
　② He still lives in the room, the window __ faces to the east.DB③ He still lives in the room __ is in the
north of the city.
④ He still lives in the room __ there is
a beautiful table.
A. which B. whose
C. where D. of whichCA4. ① ___ we all know, China is rich in
natural resources.
　② ___ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
③ ___ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
A. Which B. As C. It D. ThatBCB5.① Is this museum ___ he visited last month?
② The teacher tells us that ___ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one whoBDContraction of attributive clauses
定语从句的缩略形式 有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，
如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、
介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句
意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为
定语从句的缩略。 有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的
关系代词(who, which, that) 和部分
谓语(am, is, are, were)等，从而使之
缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短
语作后置定语。
e.g. 1) I know the men (who are)
sitting in that car. 2) The boys helped the people (that
were) hurt in the accident.
3) The problem (which is) bothering
everybody is the lack of money.
4) The book (that has been) given to
him is an English novel.有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。e.g. The man who owns that car will
be fined for illegal parking.
→The man owning that car will
be fined for illegal parking. Bill, who had taken chemistry in high
school, offered to help him.
→Bill, having taken chemistry in high school, offered to help him.Read the sentences and answer the questions.a I met a man my grandfather worked
with thirty years ago.
b I met a man who my grandfather
worked with thirty years ago.c I wanted to visit the house that my
grandparents lived in.
d The bus which I took back to my birth
place was full of visitors from other
parts of China.1 Do the first two sentences mean the
same thing?Yes, they do.2 In the first two sentences, who is the
subject of the verb work — the man or
the grandfather? The grandfather.3 Can the words that and which be
removed from the third and fourth
sentences without changing the
meaning?Yes, they can.Cross out the relative pronouns where possible.1. They come from a village that was
submerged in the reservoir.can’t remove “that”2. There are many people who prefer to
live in villages.can’t remove “who”3. The dam that we saw in the film
wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam.can’t remove “that”4. I’ve got a book that has lots of
information about Zigui County.can’t remove “that”5. The students that I met near the
reservoir were from Vietnam.can’t remove “that”6. I received an email from my cousin
who lives near the Three Gorges Dam.can’t remove “who”Make each pair of sentences into one sentence.Example: The mountain is the highest
in the region. We climbed it.
The mountain we climbed is
the highest in the region.1. The dam provides a large amount of
power. They built it on the river.The dam (which / that) they built on the river provides a large amount of power.2. The power station was very modern.
We visited it.The power station (which / that) we visited was very modern.3. The village is near the lake. My
grandparents used to live in it.The village (which / that) my grandparents used to live in is near the lake.4. The boat went from Wuhan to Zigui.
I took it.The boat (which / that) I took went from Wuhan to Zigui.1. Whatever is left over may be put into
the refrigerator, ____ it will keep for
two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
2. Julia was good at German, French and
Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that CC高考连接3. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they??? ?B. where C. what?? ? D. that
4. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.?
A. that?? ??B. which C. what ? D. whenD B 5. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.?
A. which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. who
C. where?????????? ?????? D. whatB6. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who???????? ?????? B. whose
C. whom???????? ??? D. whichB 7. We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.?
A. why????????????????? B. when
C. to whom?????????? D. on whichB 8. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the near future.
A. on which??? ???? ???? B. by which
C. to which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. from whichC 9. Sales director is a position _____ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which?????????????? B. that
C. when??????????????? D. whereD 10. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _____ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.??
A. which?????????????? B. where
C. who????????????????? D. thatB 1. Remember the rules of Grammar.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.课件52张PPT。Module 6Module 6 Old and NewIntroductionDiscussionHow far is the Great Wall of China from where you live?
Which is the biggest airport in the country?
Is there a dam near your town?
Do you know the name of the reservoir that provides water for your town?Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.Check the meaning of these words.A canal is an artificial / a man-made river.A cliff is the steep side of an area of high land. A dam is a wall built across a river to stop the water from flowing.A gorge is a deep valley with high straight sides where a river had cut through rock.hydro-electric adj. 水力发电的A reservoir is a man-made lake where water is stored.terminal n. (机场的)集散站; 终点站; 侯机厅The Great Wall of Chinathe longest man-made structure
6,300 kilometres long
dates from the Ming Dynasty
eastern end –
western end – Shanhaiguan JiayuguanHong Kong International Airport香港国际机场获选为
「二十世纪十大建筑成就奖」得主之一 Hong Kong International Airport
the biggest civil engineering project of all time
took six years to build & cost US$20 billion
accommodate 80 million passengers a yearThe Three Gorges DamThe Three Gorges Dam
the largest hydro-electric dam in the world
more than 1.5 kilometres wide across
reservoir – more than 500 kilometres longReading and VocabularyDo you know what the three gorges are? Qutang Gorge is famous for its high cliffs.Wu Gorge is known for its beautiful scenery.Xiling Gorge is a dangerous gorge, and it has many ancient relics.But some of the beautiful scenery disappeared. Why? The Yangtze River瞿塘峡巫　峡西陵峡What do you think will be talked about in this passage when looking at the title?PredictionLearn the new words and give the definition.carvings
construction
relic
site
temple1. An object or tradition that
has survived from a
period of time that no
longer exists.
2. Something made by
cutting away material
from wood or stone.3. It is a place of great
importance to
Buddhists.
4. It is another word
for building.
5. It is another word
for location.carvings
construction
relic
site
templeCheck the meaning of these words. carvings construction
relic site temple1. Carvings are made by animals. ( )
2. Construction is another word for building. ( )Now decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).FT3. Relics are things that were made in
the last 100 years. ( )
4. Site is another word for location. ( )
5. A temple is a place of great
importance to Buddhists. ( )FTTLearn the words and try to fine more words related to them.energy
generate
historical
narrow
poem
submerge
suggestenergetic
generation
history, historic
wide
poet, poetry
merge
suggestion “Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges.”更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，
高峡出平湖。— 毛泽东《水调歌头·游泳》Do you know the poem?Check the meaning of these words.dream (v) energy generate harness
historical narrow poem power
power station submerge suggest1. Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “ walls of stone …” No, he didn’t.Now answer the questions before
reading the passage.Did Mao Zedong actually see the walls of stone?2. The power of the Yangtze River has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.Does this mean that the power can be used or not?It means the power can be used.He thought of it himself.3. Sun Yat-sen first suggested the idea in
1919. Did Sun Yat-sen think of the idea himself or hear it from someone else? 4. About 800 historical relics have been submerged. Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged?No, it isn’t.Read Para. 1-2 and finish the chart.Controlling flooding and providing hydro-electric power for the central region of China200 meters 1.5 kilometersSun Yat-sen, ____ was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first ________ the idea of a dam ______ the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of China’s energy is produced by _______ coal. _____________ burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases ______ warming.whosuggestedacrossburningUnfortunatelyglobalRead Para. 3 and fill in the blanks. Sun Yat-sen (1866~1925)The International
Development of China《实业计划》1919年, 孙中山首倡三峡建坝设想。 Read Para.4-5 and find the disadvantages of building the dam.2 cities, 11 counties 140 towns
and more than 4,000 villages more than a million people
have moved from their homes800 historical relicsThe Qu Yuan TempleThe Moya cliff carvingsRead the passage again and write questions for the answers.1. Why ___________________________?
To control flooding and provide
hydro-electric power.
2. How high ___________?
Two hundred metres. was the Three Gorges Dam built is the dam 3. How _______________?
One and a half kilometres.
4. Who _________________________
___________________________?
Sun Yat-sen.wide is the dam first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River5. How much ____________________
_________________________?
Three quarters.
6. How many _______________________
_______________________?
Four thousand. of China’s energy is produced by burning coal villages were flooded when the dam was builtMao Zedong wrote a poem _________ he dreamed of “walls of stone to _________ clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. Now his dream has _________. in whichhold backcome trueThe Three Gorges Dam, _____ is the biggest construction project in China ____ the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been completed now. The dam is nearly 200 metres ____ and 1.5 kilometres _____.whichsincehighwideSun Yat-sen, ____ was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first _________ the idea of a dam ______ the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of China’s energy is produced by _______ coal. _____________ burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases ______ warming.whosuggestedacrossburningUnfortunatelyglobalToday the Three Gorges reservoir has ________ many places. Over a million people ______ lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now they’re _____________ a happy new life in different areas. floodedwholiving/ leadingAt the same time the Three Gorges project has flooded some famous historical sites. ________ the Qu Yuan Temple, and the Moya Cliff carvings. A good many historical relics have been __________. Some of them are being ________ and some are being _______ museums.includingsubmergedremovedput into1. What are the advantages of the Three Gorges Dam?
2. What are the disadvantages?
3. Do you think the advantages are more important than the disadvantages?Imagine you are a tourist guide and write an essay to introduce the Three Gorges Dam to the tourist according to the text.课件73张PPT。Module 6Module 6 Old and New1. civil adj. 公民的; 平民的; 民用的; 国内
的; 文明的
civil law 民法 civil life 平民生活
civil rights 公民权 civil war 内战
civilian n. 平民, 百姓
civilization n. 文明, 文化Word study 2. date from 可以追溯到, 从某时就存在
= date back to…／go back to…
① The castle dates from/dates back
to/goes back to the 14th century.
这个城堡建于十四世纪。
② The history of their family goes back
/dates back to 300 years.
他们的家庭历史起源于300年前。
out of date 过时的; 废弃的3. engineering n.
[U]工程; 工程学; 设计
e.g. He is studying engineering at
college.
他在大学学习工程学。
the engineering of new railway
新铁路的设计
gene engineering 基因工程engineer n. 工程师, 技师, 机械师
e.g. Tim is an engineer.
蒂姆是位工程师。4. accommodate vt. 容纳, 给人提供住宿或房间; 使适应, 迁就, 迎合
accommodation n. (pl.)住宿; 适应, 调节
e.g. This room can accommodate 300 people.
这个房间能容纳300人。I will accommodate my plans to yours.
我修改一下计划以便和你的计划相适应。
Can we find accommodations at a hotel tonight?
我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗? 5. construction n.
[U]建造, 建筑; 建筑术
e.g. (be) under construction 在建设中
construction industry 建筑业
The new airport is still under
construction.
新机场仍在修建中。6. generate vt. 发电; 生成; 引起, 导致
e.g. The flowing water is used to
generate electricity.
流动的水被用来发电。
Uncleanness often generates disease.
不清洁常引起疾病。
a generating station
发电厂, 发电站7. harness n. 马具(包括皮带马鞍及金属
器具)
v. 控制及利用自然界的力量
e.g. harness a river/the sun’s rays as
a source of energy
利用河水 / 太阳光作为能源8. narrow adj. 窄的, 狭窄的; 心胸小的
e.g. He has a narrow mind.
他心胸狭窄。
a narrow escape 九死一生
in a narrow sense 在狭义上9. poem n. [C] 诗
poet 诗人
poetry 诗歌, 诗集
poem (一首)诗 10. submerge vt. 浸没, 淹没 vi. 潜入水中
e.g. He submerged his hands in warm water.
他把手浸在温水中。 11. hold back
1) The police tried to hold the crowd
back.
警察试图挡住人群。
2) He could no longer hold back his
tears.
他再也抑制不住自己的眼泪。3) Do you think that mixed ability
classes hold back the better
students?
你认为把不同能力的学生混合在一
起的班级会妨碍较高水平学生的进
步吗?4) She wanted to tell him the truth, but
pride held her back.
她打算告诉他真相, 但自尊又使她犹
豫不决。
5) Tell me the truth — don’t hold
anything back.
告诉我实情吧。不要隐瞒任何事情。hold back常用于以下几个意思：
※ 阻拦, 阻挡
※ 抑制, 控制 (情感等)
※ 妨碍进展
※ 踌躇, (使) 犹豫
※ 隐瞒, 不公布【拓展】
hold off 延迟, 推迟
hold on 别挂断; 等着; 坚持, 挺住
hold on to 抓住; 不卖掉
hold out 伸出; 维持; 抵抗
hold up 举起; 耽误1) 水坝不太坚固, 挡不住洪水。
The dam was not strong enough to
__________ the floods.
2) 我们应当保留这座房子, 等房价上涨的时候再把它卖掉。
We should __________ the house and sell it later when prices are higher.hold backhold on to用以上所学hold短语的适当形式完成下列句子。3) 我们的供应品能维持多久, 我们就能
在这儿呆多久。
We can stay here for as long as our
supplies _________.
4) 我们的航班因有雾而停航。
Our flight was ________ by fog.
5) 坚持一会, 我会去救你的。
________ a moment and I’ll go to
your rescue.hold outhold up Hold on 12. come true (希望, 梦想) 实现、达到
come true相当于realize, 但前者不用于被动, come为连系动词, 主语常是“希望、理想、梦想, 而realize主语一般是人, 可用作被动。
e.g. Our hopes will be realized/come
true.
我们的梦想变成了现实。14. provide
(1) vt. 提供, 供应
常用搭配: provide sth. for sb.
provide sb. with sth.
e.g. The school will provide tents, but we
must bring our own food.
学校会 提供帐篷,但我们必须自己带
食物。 You must provide food and clothes for your family.
你一定要为你的家庭提供食物和衣服。
Soldiers were provided with blankets against the cold.
士兵们被提供给御寒的毯子。(2) vi. 预防(灾害)常与against连用
e.g. You’d better provide against an
earthquake.
你最好做好预防地震的准备。
The government has to provide
against a possible oil shortage in the
coming months.
政府须为未来几个月中可能出现的
油荒作好准备。 1) provide, supply两个词都不能跟双宾语, 但二者所跟介词有所不同, 具体如下:provide/supply sb. with sth.
supply sth. to sb.
provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物比较provide/supply/offer e.g. The power station supplies
/provides us with electric power.
= The power station supplies
electric power to us.
= The power station provides
electric power for us.
供电站给我们供电。 2) offer指行为者主动地“提出给予”, “提出帮助、服务”。表示友善行为, 可加双宾语。
e.g. He offered me a glass of wine.
他提供给我一杯酒。
I did what I could to offer comfort to the family.
我尽我所能为家庭提供舒适环境。15. 表示物体的“长、宽、高”
(1) 物体 + be + 数词 + 量词 +
long/wide/high
e.g. The river is 63,00 kilometers long.
这条河长6300公里。
(2) 物体 + be + 数词 + 量词 + in length/
width/ height
e.g. The wall is 100 meters in width.
这堵墙宽100米。 (3) The length/width/height of + 物体 +
be + 数词 + 量词
e.g. The height of the tower is 88
meters.
这个塔高88米。
(4) 数词 + 量词 + long/wide/high
e.g. The bridge is 200 meters long.
这个桥200米长。16. historical
1) The book is based on historical
events.
这本书是根据历史事件写成的。
2) The building is of historical
importance.
这个建筑物有重要的历史研究价值。3) This revolutionary historical novel
centers in the Autumn Harvest
Uprising.
这部革命历史小说以秋收起义为中
心内容。【总结归纳】
historical adj.
※ (有关) 历史的, 历史上的, 实际发生的,
真实的
※ 有关历史研究的
※ (书籍、电影等) 历史题材的【拓展】
history n. 历史
historian n. 历史学家
historic adj. 历史上著名的或者重要的
historically adv. 历史上地【辨析】historical / historic
historical指“历史上的”、“与历史有关的”, 通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。如: a historical event是指有历史证据来证明其存在时间—“历史事件”, 而不管其是否重要或著名。 historic指“历史上著名的”或“具有重大历史意义的”或“历史悠久的”。如: a historic event 是指一件历史上重要或著名的事件。1. I studied modern European _______
at college.
2. A _________ is a person who studies
or writes about history.
3. There is a good _________ film at the
cinema about Madam Curie.请用history的适当形式填空。 historyhistorianhistorical4. May 12, 2008 is a _______ day, when
an earthquake occurred in Wenchuan.
5. ___________, there have always been
close links between France and
Scotland.historicHistorically 17. remove
1) Reference books may not be removed from the library.
参考书不可以带出图书馆。
2) It was impossible to remove the stain from the tablecloth.
桌布上的污渍去不掉。3) She has been removed from her post
as managing director.
她已被免除总经理的职务了。
4) He removed his hat and gloves.
他脱掉了他的帽子和手套。5) The manager’s office has removed
to another building.
经理的办公室已经搬到另外一栋
大楼里了。remove
vt. ※ 拿开, 移动
※ 去掉, 消除
※ 撤职, 辞退
※ 脱掉
vi. 搬家, 迁移汉译英。She removed the painting to another wall.He was removed from his position as chairman.2. 他被撤去了主席职务。1. 她把这幅画移到另一面墙上。Our office has removed from Beijing to Shanghai.3. 我们的办公室已从北京迁到上海。4. 把你鞋上的泥去掉再进来。Remove mud from your shoes before entering.It is so hot in the room; why don’t you remove your coat? 5. 房间里这么热, 为什么你不脱掉外套
呢?1. The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.Sentence study三峡大坝是自长城和大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程, 它的修建是为了控制洪水泛滥以及为中国中部地区提供水利发电。 = China has built the Three Gorges Dam
to control flooding and supply the
central region of China with hydro
electric power. The Three Gorges Dam
is the biggest construction project in
china since the Great Wall and the
Grand Canal were built.本句是一个复合句, which ... the Grand Canal为非限制性定语从句修饰说明主句的主语The Three Gorges Dam, 定语从句中since介词短语作时间状语; 主句中的第一个不定式短语to control flooding和第二个不定式短语provide ... of China都用作目的状语。按照通常的习惯, 仅仅在第一个不定式之前加不定式符号to, 而在其余的不定式之前省略to。2. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
三峡大坝是世界上最大的大坝和水力发电站，其建造费用超过了历史上任何一个建筑工程的费用。本句中的“... more than any other construction project”属于“形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + any other ...”结构, 用来表示最高级的意义。e.g. Time is more precious than
any other thing in the world.
在世界上没有什么东西比时间
更宝贵了。3. Now they’re living a happy new life in
different areas.
现在他们在不同的地方过着全新的幸
福的生活。本句中含有live a(n) ... life结构, 表示“过着……的生活”, live通常为不及物动词, 但此处作及物动词, 其后的a happy new life充当它的同源宾语, 这种宾语往往有定语修饰。如: live a happy / hard / miserable / quiet life等。常见的此类动词还有die, dream, breathe, smile, fight, bow等。e.g. They fought a hard fight.
他们进行了一场苦斗。
He smiled a little smile and
bowed a little bow.
他笑了笑并微微点了点头。根据以上句型仿写下列句子。The boy breathed a deep breath and jumped into the river.那个男孩深深地吸了一口气, 跳入河中。4. The Three Gorges area is one of the most
beautiful areas of China and the project
has flooded some of China’s most
famous historical sites, including the Qu
Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and
the Moya Cliff carvings. 三峡地区是中国最美丽的地区之一, 这项工程淹没了一些中国最著名的历史景点, 包括屈原庙、汉瞭望台以及摩崖石雕。= The Three Gorges area is one of the
most beautiful areas of China and some
of China’s best-known historical sites
such as the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han
Watchtower and the Moya Cliff
carvings have been flooded by the
project. 本句是一个并列句。前一个分句The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China是主系表结构; 后一个分句中的including是介词, 意为“包括”, 用来举例。 How many people can this hall ___?
A. be seated B. containing
C. held D. accommodate
2. 1841 was a ____ year for China.
A. history B. historic
C. historical D. historianDCExercises3. The whole town _____ by the flood
after it has been raining for 3 days
nonstop.
A. was buried
B. had submerged
C. was submerged
D. floodedC4. The young must be responsible for
their parents and _______ them.
A. provide B. provide to
C. provide for D. provide withC5. I never dreamed of _____ such a beautiful place in such a wild area.
A. there to be B. there being
C. it to be D. it being
6. Mother tried to express herself in English, but it ______ all wrong.
A. came out B. work out
C. gave out D. put outBA1. The road was too n______ for the
two of us to walk side by side.
2. The poet must have been very young
when he wrote this p____.arrowoem根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 写出该单词的正确形式。3. There are two new hotels near here
under c__________ and the project
will be completed in 2015.
4. Many foreign visitors were attracted
by these ancient Chinese ________
(雕刻品) on display.onstruction carvings 5. The organization is calling for a
______ (全球的) ban on whaling.
6. Was King Arthur a real ________
(历史的) figure?global historical1. 他建议我们放弃该计划。 (suggest)He suggested we (should) give up the plan.根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。2. 学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。 (remove)Students removed several desks to another classroom.3. 当地政府决定利用河水发电。
(generate)The local government decided to harness the river to generate electricity.Six people were killed in the traffic accident, including a policeman.4. 在这场交通事故中有六人死亡, 包
括一名警察。(including)Module 6 Old and New
Ⅰ单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
Talk about buildings.
Learn to describe buildings.
Learn the non-defining relative clauses and the contraction of relative clauses.
Write an e-mail.
Ⅱ目标语言
功能句式
Describing buildings
The original wall was 6,300 kilometers long.
The airport is within five hours’ flying time of half the world’s population.
Its reservoir is more than 500 kilometers long.
The dam is nearly 200 meters high and 1.5 kilometers wide.
词汇
1.四会词汇
canal, civil, cliff, dam, gorge, date, carving, accommodate, relic, site, generate, harness, historical, narrow, poem, submerge, global, remove, freezing, ridiculous, enormous, foggy, crash
2.认读词汇
bulletin, engineering, hydro-electric, reservoir, structure, terminal, construction, watchtower, observatory
3.词组
date from, dream of, come true, take away, cross out, make a note of, at all, refer to, act out
4.重点词汇
civil, date, accommodate, relic, site, generate, harness, submerge, remove, ridiculous, enormous
语法
1. Learn the non-defining relative clauses.
Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea in 1919.
More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes.
2. Learn the contraction of relative clauses.
I met a man (who) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.
重点句子
1. Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.
2. It took six years to build and cost US$20billion.
3. Now his dream has come true.
4. Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.
5. Three quarters of China’s energy is produced by burning coal.
6. Burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.
7. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
Ⅲ.教材分析与教材重组
1．教材分析
本单元的中心话题是“建筑”，所谈论的话题涉及古今中外的一些著名建筑及文化遗迹。目的在于通过单元教学，让学生了解古今中外的知名建筑，培养学生的审美观，并能就所谈论的话题写出一则新闻报道。21·cn·jy·com
1.1 Introduction部分通过四个问题的提问让学生进行说前的热身，接着通过对三段小短文的展开讨论让学生明确本单元的话题。　　21*cnjy*com
1.2 Reading部分向我们介绍了新建的三峡大坝。文章从三峡大坝兴建的原因、建成的规模、建成后的利与弊等方面进行了介绍。文章语言简洁、条理清晰，不仅有助于提高学生的阅读能力，而且在写作上也会让学生有所启发。
1.3 Grammar 1部分是学习非限制性定语从句的相关知识。
1.4 Writing部分通过范例让学生掌握写e-mail的结构特点，并通过模仿达到会撰写，目的在于提高学生的英语写作能力。【出处：21教育名师】
1.5 Speaking部分通过讨论的形式练习提高学生的口语表达能力，同时也可以让学生进一步熟悉本单元的话题。
1.6 Grammar 2部分是学习定语从句引导词的省略的知识。该部分通过多种形式的练习让学生逐渐理解和掌握这一知识。
1.7 Listening部分设置了与本单元话题相关的短文，既可以提高学生的听力，也可以在这个过程中让学生了解更多的文化背景知识。
1.8 Pronunciation部分主要练习朗读含有定语从句的句子，要让学生注意语音和语调，提高学生的口语表达能力。
1.9 Function and Everyday English部分让学生了解一些用于表达强烈感情的形容词，目的在于提高学生运用词汇来描述和交流情感的能力。
1.10 Culture Corner分为两部分。阅读部分介绍了美国纽约的帝国大厦，以作为对Reading的补充。另一部分则列出了高度世界排名前十位的著名建筑，开拓了学会的视野，丰富和扩充了学生的课外知识。
1.11 Task的前两部分要求学生写出一则新闻介绍某一中国建设过程的开工典礼或建设。第三部分要求学生转换角色进行表演。
2.教材重组
2.1将Introduction, Function and Everyday English和Speaking部分整合在一起上一节“口语课”。Speaking部分既是Introduction部分第三段小短文的延伸，同时又可以引申出下节课的话题，为Reading部分埋下伏笔。
2.2将Reading and Vocabulary, Task和练习册中的vocabulary整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。练习册中的vocabulary是对Reading的补充和巩固。
2.3将Grammar 1, Grammar 2, 和练习册中的Grammar部分整合在一起上一节任务型“语法课”。涉及的主要任务有：学习非限制性定语从句和探讨定语从句引导词的省略问题。
2.4 Writing部分的短文可作为写作的范例，将Writing和练习册中的Writing整合在一起上一节“写作课”。
2.5将Listening, Pronunciation和练习册中的Listening and Speaking整合在一起上一节“听力课”。
2.6 Cultural Corner和练习册中的Reading是对Reading的补充和扩展，可整合在一起上一节“泛读课”。
3.课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，根据学情，本单元可以用六课时教完。）
1st period Speaking
2nd period Reading (Ⅰ)
3rd Period Grammar
4th period Writing
5th period Listening
6th period Reading (Ⅱ)
Ⅳ 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching Goals 教学目标
1.Target language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
bulletin, civil, canal, cliff, dam, gorge, reservoir, structure, terminal, accommodate, date from
b.重点句子
1. The original wall was 6, 300 kilometres long.
2. The airport is within five hours’ flying time of half the world’s population.
3. Its reservoir is more than 500 kilometres long.
2.Ability target 能力目标
Enable students to learn about old and new buildings.
3.Learning-skill target 学能目标
Let students talk about buildings around them.
Teaching important points 教学重点
How to improve students’ speaking ability.
Talking about famous buildings.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to describe buildings around us.
Teaching methods 教学方法
1. Listening to the tape.
2. Discussing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder and a blackboard
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
Step Ⅰ Greetings and Lead-in
T: Good morning/afternoon, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, Mr…
T: As we know, nowadays we can travel faster and more easily than before. Many foreigners come to China to visit places of interest. Who would like to tell me the names of some places of interest?
S1: The West Lake, the Forbidden city, the Great Wall and the Summer Place.
T: Good job! Thank you! Which of them can be seen from the sky?
S2: The Great Wall.
T: Quite well!
StepⅡ Introduction
Pre-speaking
(Ask and answer questions.)
Ask several students individually the four questions.
T: Now please open your books on P51. Look at Part 1 Introduction. Here are four questions for you. You may discuss them with your partner. Then I will ask you to give me your answers.
(A few minutes later, ask several pairs of students to ask and answer the questions.)
S1: Zhang Yan, do you know how far the Great Wall is from our city?
S2: I think it’s about 1, 500 kilometers.
S3: Can you tell me which is the biggest airport in the country?
S4: I’m not sure which airport is the biggest. But I know some big famous airports. They are the Capital Airport in Beijing, Baiyun International Airport in Guangzhou, Hong Kong International Airport. How about you?
S3: I know Hongqiao Internatinal Airport is also very big. Besides, another big airport—Pudong Airport, which will be completed in Shanghai soon.
S5: Is there any dam near our town?
S6: Yes. There is well-known dam, Foziling Reservoir, which is called the First Dam of New China. It was completed in 1954 and controls the waters of Huaihe River.
S7: Do you know the names of the reservoir that provides water for our town?
S8: Yes. The water of our city is mostly from Foziling Reservoir.
1. How far is the Great Wall of China from where you live? 21*cnjy*com
2. Which is the biggest airport in the country?
3. Is there a dam near your town?
4. Do you know the names of the reservoir that provides water for your town?
Various answers are possible.
Learning new words
(Teach students the words in the box one by one. Explain several important words. )
1.civil adj. (belonging to the people of a place)
e.g. Every citizen has civil rights and civil duties.
2.dam n. (a wall or bank built to keep back water)
e.g. The Aswan High Dam helps to control the Nile in Egypt.
3. terminal n. (end of a railway line, bus line, etc.)
e.g. We got off the train at the terminal.
Reading and speaking
T: Now we are going to read three short passages. Read them carefully and try to remember as much information as possible. After that I’ll ask some of you to retell them. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
(Several minutes later)
T: OK. Time is up. Who would like to retell the first passage?
S1: The first passage is about the Great Wall of China. It is the longest man-made structure ever built.
T: Good. Who wants to say something about the second passage?
S2: The second passage is about Hong Kong International Airport. It took six years to build and cost US $20billion. It is the largest covered space in the world and is planned to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.
T: Well, the last one. Any volunteers?
S3: This passage mainly talks about the Three Gorges Dam. It is the largest hydro-electric dam in the world. Its reservoir is more than 500 kilometers long.
Function and Everyday English
T: I’m glad that all of you can describe the buildings in your own words. You told me that the Three Gorges Dam is the biggest one in the world. Yes, it is big. But what can you do if you want to say it is very big and express your strong feelings? Well, you can use some strong adjectives. Now please turn to P58. First match the adjectives on the left with the strong adjectives on the right. And then finish the two conversations. Finally writes a similar conversation.
(Give the students several minutes to do this job and then check their conversation and ask some pairs to act out their own conversations.)
Example:
A: Are you feeling tired!
B: Tired? I’m feeling exhausted!
A: Do you think Hong Kong International Airport is a good airport?
B: Good? Excellent!
A: Was the coffee hot?
B: Hot? It was boiling!
Discussion
(Group work)
T: Please turn to P52. Discuss the three questions with your partner. After that I’ll ask several of you to answer. You’ll have four minutes to do this job.
(A few minutes later)
T: Xu min, please. Have you ever visited any of the places in the passage?
S1: Last year, I visited the Three Gorges Dam with my parents. It is very beautiful and magnificent. I think only when you see it with your own eyes can you understand the words by Mao Zedong “Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges.”
T: Pang Yi, please. Which one is nearest to your town or city?
S2: As you know, I live in An Hui province. So the Three Gorges Dam is nearest to our city.
T: Now what other things do you know about them?
S3: The Three Gorges Dam is the most beautiful part of the Yangtze River.
S4: I know the Three Gorges Dam refers to Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge.
S5: The First Emperor started built the Great Wall in order to keep the tribes of Huns and Tartars outside his country
S6: The Great Wall has often been rebuilt through the centuries, and much of it is still standing today.
Various answers are possible.
stepⅢ Discussion (Speaking P55)
T: The Three Gorges Dam generates a great deal of electricity for the central region of our country. It saves a lot of coal and has reduced the serious air pollution caused by burning coal. However, there are problems when the Three Gorges Dam is built. Many towns and villages have disappeared. What do you think about this? Has the Three Gorges Dam affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know? Discuss these two questions with your partner. You can debate with your partner about the first question.
(A few minutes later, ask two pairs of student to make a debate in the front.)
Example:
S1—The Positive side S2—The negative side
S1: In my opinion, the Three Gorges Dam brings us more economic returns and social benefits. Firstly, the Yangtze River, which is the world’s third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam. The people living along the river will seldom suffer floods. Secondly, at present, three quarters of China’s energy is produced by burning coal, which causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution. 21cnjy.com
S2: I think we had better not build the Three Gorges Dam. Firstly, it’s a pity that many towns and villages with long history will be flooded as a result of the Dam, because they were built by many generations’ hard work and wisdom. Secondly, many historical and cultural relics have been covered by the water, because we have no ability enough to save them now. Thirdly, more than a million people have to leave their homes. Although our government has been offering them great help, they still have difficulty in setting up new homes, hunting jobs and offering children going to school.
T: Excellent! Now who can tell us if the Three Gorges Dam has affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know? 21教育网
S3: Yes. In our county there is a “The Three Gorges Dam Immigrants Village”. All the people in the village are farmers from the Three Gorges area. The local government had built the new houses for them before they arrived. Each family has also got a piece of farmland. Now, some of them have founded new jobs, doing business, driving cars and so on. The immigrants from the Three Gorges area have been part of us. The village has new scenery of our county.
Various answers are possible.
StepⅣ Summary and homework
T: It’s time to end this class. In this class, we have learned some important words and how to describe buildings. We’d better practice more after class.
Homework: Preview the part of Reading.
The Second Period Reading
Teaching Goals 教学目标
1.Target language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
relic, site, generate, harness, historical, narrow, poem, submerge, global, remove, dream of, come true
b.重点句子
1. Now his dream has come true.
2. Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.
3. Burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.
4. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
2.Ability target 能力目标
Enable students to obtain the fast speed reading ability, such as skimming, scanning, and making a summary.
3.Learning-skill target 学能目标
Let students learn how to describe places and buildings.
Let students summarize the main idea of the text.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Give the right questions for the answers according to the text.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to analyze the text and grasp the main idea of the text.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Skimming, listening and discussing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A tape recorder a projector and a blackboard
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
Step Ⅰ Greetings and revision
1. Greet the whole class as usual.
2. Ask some questions about the three short passages in Introduction part.
T: Good morning/afternoon everyone!
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, Mr. Chen.
T: We read three short passages during the last lesson. Now I’ll ask some detailed questions about the three buildings.
Q1: How long was the original wall of the Great Wall?
Q2: How much did it cost to build Hong Kong International Airport?
Q3: Which river is the Three Gorges Dam built over?
Suggested Answers:
Q1: The original wall was 6, 300 kilometers long.
Q2: $20 billion.
Q3: The Three Gorges Dam is built over the Yangtze River.
StepⅡ Vocabulary
Teach students how to guess the meaning of new words.
T: When we read, we often meet new words. What shall we do if we don’t have a dictionary at hand? We may do as follows. We’d better read the whole sentence first. Then try to work out what kind of word it is. It is a noun, verb, or an adjective, etc. Lastly, we can use the words before and after that to help us guess the meaning.
True or false sentences
Ask Ss to do this exercise individually. Two or three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.
Learning new words
Teach students the words in the box one by one. Explain several important words.
1.dream v. (hope for something nice in the future)
e.g. He often dreams of going to Europe.
2. generate vt. (cause to exist, produce)
e.g. Loud laughter was generated all through the crowd.
3. harness vt. (use a river, waterfall, etc. to produce power)
e.g. It is a good idea to harness the river to generate electricity.
4.submerge v. (go under the surface of the water)
e.g. The crocodile submerged when it saw the boat.
Answering questions
T: Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone…” Did Mao Zedong actually see the walls of stone?
S1: No.
T: The power of the Yangtze River has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam. Does this mean that the power can be used or not?
S2: This means that the power can be used.
T: Sun Yat-sen first suggested the idea in 1919. Did Sun Yat-sen think of the idea himself or hear it from someone else?
S3: He thought of the idea himself.
T: About 800 historical relics have been submerged. Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged?
S4: It is impossible.
StepⅢ Lead-in
T: With the fast development of science and technology, people live a much more comfortable life than ever before. More and more people even including peasants in the countryside buy air-conditioners. So we need more electricity. As a result, the Three Gorges Dam has been built not long ago. Today we will learn a passage about the Three Gorges Dam. (Write the title on the Bb)
StepⅣ Reading
1. Skimming
T: Now please look through the text and then do some reading comprehension exercises according to the text.
Choose the best answers.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. Who dreamed of harnessing the power of the Yangtze River?
A. Sun Yat-sen. B. Mao Zedong. C. Deng Xiaoping. D. A great designer.
2. How many tons of coal was used for heating and generating electricity in 1993?
A. 1.2 billion. B. 20 billion. C. 40 billion. D. About 800 billion.
3. What problem does burning coal cause?
A. Air pollution. B. Increasing global warning.
C. Destroying the balance of nature. D. Both A and B.
4. Which of the following famous historical sites is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. The Qu Yuan Temple. B. The Han Watchtower.
C. The Grand Canal. D. The Moya Cliff carvings.
Key: BADC
2. Scanning
(Get the students to read the passage carefully again.)
T: Now read the text carefully and finish part 3, that is, write questions for the answers. You can look at the example first.
A few minutes later, check the answers in the class.
T: OK. Are you ready? (Ss: Yes.) Let’s begin to give the questions. Volunteers!
Suggested answers:
1. Why was the Three Gorges Dam built?
2. How high is the dam?
3. How wide is the dam?
4. Who first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River?
5. How much energy is produced by burning coal?
6. How many villages have been flooded by the reservoir?
Ask the Ss to listen to the passage and try to get the main idea.
T: Now we are going to listen to the passage and after that I’ll give you two or three minutes to summarize the main idea of this passage.
Main idea: The Three Gorges Dam, which is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world, has been built to control flooding and generate electricity for the central part of China.
Play the tape for the Ss to listen and then help them get the main idea.
T: We have got the main idea of the text. Now let’s learn some difficult languages points together.
Show the notes on the blackboard.
Language learning:
1.come true
At last Lincoln’s dream came true.
2.equal to
Tom is equal to John in height.
3.live a … life
At present they live a comfortable life.
4.including
All my students have seen the film, including me.
StepⅤ Discussion
Ask Ss to discuss the three questions on P54. A few minutes later, ask several students to give their answers.
T: We know that building the Three Gorges Dam is good for many people especially the ones who live in the central part of China. Who would like to describe the advantages of the Three Gorges Dam? Any volunteers?
S1: Coal is one of the natural resources that are limited. Harnessing the power of the Yangtze River can save a lot of coal. It can help to reduce the air pollution as well.
T: Good! You are right. The Three Gorges Dam has much effect on us human beings. On the other hand, sometimes it is bad for us. Now, who can tell us the disadvantages of the Three Gorges Dam?
S2: It has flooded a large area including 2 cities, 11 counties, and 140 towns and more than 4, 000 villages. A great many people have to leave their hometown and set up a new home that is never as good and comfortable as the one before. What’s worse, some of China’s most famous historical sites have been submerged, for example, the Qu Yuan Temple.
T: Do you think the advantages are more important than the disadvantages?
S3: Yes. We can harness the power of the dam to produce electricity for a long time after it is built.
StepⅥ Task
T: Great changes have taken place in our country. A great many buildings are being built around us. Bring out a piece of paper and list the changes. For example, the opening of a new airport or the opening of a new dam and so on. I’ll collect your papers in three minutes.
Three minutes later, collect students’ papers and select some goods ones and then ask the students writing them to read them in the class.)
T: Imagine that you are preparing the news item for a foreign audience who need extra information. Add extra information when you refer to Chinese people or places and make up a news item with your partner taking the following roles: a studio newsreader, a TV journalist on the spot and local people who are invited.
Teacher goes around the classroom to help the students who need help. A few minutes later, ask two groups to act out their news items.2-1-c-n-j-y
Example:
N—Newsreader, J—Journalist, L—Local people
N: Hello, Wang Jun! A new car factory is being built in our city. Will you please give us some detailed information?
J: OK! Now I’m attending the opening of this new car factory. The building lies in the south of our city, He Fei. It covers an area of about 100, 000 square metres. This factory will make parts of cars for a big company. Now let’s see what peasants think of this matter.
L: We felt glad at the news that a new car factory would be built here because the factory will employ some of us. There will be more consumers as well. You know, we can sell goods to people who work in the factory. But we are all worried the pollution caused by the factory.
J: Don’t worry about it. The waste will not cause pollution because it will be purged first before it pours out.
L: I’m glad to hear that.
J: Thank you!
StepⅦ Homework
1. Workbook. P98. Ask Ss to do the vocabulary part individually.
2.Preview the next part—Grammar 1 and Grammar 2 and then do the exercises on P97.
The Third Period Grammar
Teaching Goals 教学目标
1.Target language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
essential, extra, mainly, create, take away, cross out, a large amount of
b.重点句子
1. Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea in 1919.
2. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes.
3. I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.
4. I met a man who my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.
2.Ability target 能力目标
Learn the non-defining relative clauses and the contraction of relative clauses.
3.Learning-skill target 学能目标
How to use the knowledge that students have gained.
Teaching important points 教学重点
The usage of the non-defining relative clauses the contraction of relative clauses.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
The usage of relative pronoun and relative adverb.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Explaining and practicing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A projector and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
Step Ⅰ Revision
1. Ask several detailed questions about the reading passage.
2. Check students’ homework. (Workbook P98)
StepⅡ Grammar 1
Teacher writes down the following sentences on the Bb:
The woman who greeted me is teacher.
Lucy, who greeted me, is my teacher.
T: Well, now please look at the sentences on the blackboard. What can you find in each sentence?
Ss: A relative clause.
T: Yes. In each sentence, there is a relative clause, but there is something different. Please compare them carefully and tell the difference between them. I will give you two minutes to discuss and prepare. Then you can tell us your opinions.
Two minutes later.
S1: A comma is used between the noun and the relative clause in the second sentence. No comma is used in the first sentence.
T: Quite right! Who can tell more about it?
S2: In the first sentence, the relative clause tells us which person the speaker is talking about. However, in the second sentence, which person is being talked about is already clear, so I think the relative clause is not a necessary part.
T: Excellent! You are all clever. The first relative clause is called defining relative clause. It is a necessary part in the sentence. It offers essential information about the subject. The sentence will not make sense if the defining relative clause is taken away. The second relative clause is called non-defining relative clause. It contains extra information. If the non-defining relative clause is taken away from the sentence, the sentence will still make sense. So it is not a necessary part. You can always find commas before and after the non-defining relative clauses.
Go through the three exercises on P54.
T: Now I will give you three minutes to finish the first part of Grammar on P54. Then I will ask some of you to give us your answers.
Three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.
T: OK, now it’s your turn to do the second and the third part. You should do them yourselves first. After that you can discuss with your partner. At last, I’ll ask some of you to read the sentences with your answers. This time I will give you four minutes.
Four minutes later, ask several students to give their answers.
Step Ⅲ Grammar 2
Teacher writes down the following sentences on the Bb:
The woman who I met in the bookstore was my sister.
The woman I met in the bookstore was my sister.
T: Well, now please look at the sentences on the blackboard. There is a difference between the two relative clauses. What is it?
Ss: There is a relative pronoun that in the first relative clause, while there is no relative pronoun in the second.
T: You are right. Do the sentences have the same meaning?
Ss: Yes.
T: These two sentences mean the same thing. There is a relative clause in each sentence. You should pay attention to this: the relative pronoun can be contracted when it is used as object in the relative clause.
Go through the exercises on P56.
T: Now I’ll give you two minutes to do the first part of Grammar 2. When you have difficulty, you may ask your partners for advice or raise your hands.
Two minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.
T: We have learned that the relative pronoun can be contracted when it is used as object in the relative clause. Which relative pronouns can be contracted in the following sentences in the third part?
After a little while, ask several students to read the sentences in which the relative pronouns can be contracted. Then ask them to give the reason.
T: Now let’s do the fourth part. In this part, you will find two sentences in each exercise. You need to make each pair of sentences into one sentence that contains a relative clause. You’d better first make sure which sentence will be changed into a relative clause. Before your work, it wound be better to study the example.
Ask four students to come to the front to write down their sentences on the Bb. The others need to finish this exercise on a piece of paper. Teacher goes around the classroom to see if any students have difficulties. Four minutes later, check the answer in the class.【版权所有：21教育】
T: Sometimes not only the relative pronoun can be contracted but also the verb is when the relative pronoun is used as subject in the relative clause. Pay attention to the sentences in the second part.
Ask students to study the sentences in the second part and then give each other more examples.
StepⅣ Practice
Ask students to do the exercises in the workbook.
T: Now we are going to do more exercise to practice the relative clauses. Please do the exercises on P97 and P98. First do the exercises individually and then we will check them together.
(A few minutes later, check the answers.)
StepⅤ Homework
1. Remember the usage of relative clauses.
2. Preview the next part—Writing.
【跟踪训练】
1. She’s a teacher, is clear from her manner.
A. that B. what C. as D. who
2. “Who Moved My Cheese?”, is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer Johnson.
A. which B. that C. it D. what
3. The wrong you’ve done him is terrible, for you should make an apology to him, I think.
A. this B. which C. what D. that
4. The old lady, had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.
A. all her children B. all of her children C. all of whose children D. whose all children
5. Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year, ______ doubles the money provided last year.
A. as B. while C. that D. which
6. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries.
A. as B. that C. so D. it
7. The writer has written quite a few books now, his teachers and parents didn’t expect.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
8. Carol said that the work would be well done by the end of October, personally I wondered completely.
A. which B. at which C. in which D. about which
9. People have lots of problems living in the Central Australian desert, getting water is the most serious.
A. of which B. which C. for which D. where
10. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.21·世纪*教育网
A. As B. It C. That D. What
Keys: 1~5 CABCD 6~10 ADBAA
The Fourth Period Writing
Teaching Goals 教学目标
1.Target language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
region, valley, newsreader, come back, full of, at all, refer to, act out
b.重点句子
1. I remember that there was a beautiful valley near the village.
2. The valley is now part of the reservoir created by the Three Gorges Dam.
3. When I came back, the bus I took was full of visitors from other parts of china.
2.Ability target 能力目标
Enable students to write a short e-mail.
3.Learning-skill target 学能目标
Help students learn how to write a short e-mail by giving them useful tips.
Teaching important points and difficult points 教学重点和教学难点
Teach the students to learn how to write a short e-mail.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based learning.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A projector and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
StepⅠ Greetings and revision
T: Good morning/afternoon, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, Mr. Chen.
T: Last time we studied the relative clause. Now who’d like to give us some sentences that contain relative clauses?
S1: My sister Ellen, who is warmhearted, is a nurse.
S2: I finished reading the book (which) my father gave me for my birthday.
S3: My father works for a company which produces computers in a big city.
S4: The car, which had been parked in front of our house for more than a week, was stolen.
StepⅡ Reading
Ask students to read the passage on P55 and answer the three questions.
T: Now please turn to P55. Read the passage and then try to get the answers to the three questions at the top of this page.
A few minutes later, check the answer in the class.
T: Time is up. Now the first one, does the writer of the e-mail live in Zigui County?
S1: No.
T: OK! The second one, why did she want to visit the region?
S2: Because she remembered that there was a beautiful valley near the village.
T: What had changed since the last time she was there?
S3: The valley is now part of the reservoir created by the Three Gorges Dam. The people living in the village have moved to other places.
StepⅢ Writing
Teach the students some very useful points on how to write an e-mail.
T: This passage is an e-mail. How can you write a successful e-mail to your friend? There are tips of writing an e-mail that you’d better remember. Firstly, write the topic of your message on the subject line. Secondly, keep your e-mail as short as possible. Thirdly, check e-mail for spelling errors and other mistakes. Lastly, write your name at the end of your message. Are your clear? 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Ss: Yes.
T: OK, now you need to write an e-mail to a friend about a visit to a place which has changed since your last visit.
Suggested sample:
Dear Lucy,
I used to live in a small town with trees all around. There was no tall building and the only street was narrow. Just outside the town, there was a river. You can see different kinds of fishes swimming in the clear water. People here lived a simple life.
I went back to hometown last weekend. Great changes have taken place here. You could see tall buildings, big department stores and factories everywhere. Different kinds of cars and buses are running in the big streets. But with the development of the industry, we have fewer trees. Air and water pollution are becoming more and more serious. We must do something to stop pollution and make our town more beautiful.
Yours
Li Jing
T: OK. Now let’s do some other exercises. Please turn to P101 and P102. Read the description of Shanghai and find out which paragraphs describe Shanghai: 1. in the past; 2.in the future; 3.today.
A few minutes later, check the answers.
T: Now write a similar description of a city which has changed in the last few years. You’d better read the instruction at the bottom of P102 first.
Possible version:
Binhai is a newly-built city with a population of about 600, 000 and covers an area of about 3, 000 square kilometres. The city, which faces the Yellow Sea in the east, used to be a small fishing town. Great changes have taken place in the past five years. Many new factories have been set up. Two ports have been built, which are connected with many big cities both at home and abroad. The railway line completed in 1986 leads to many big cities of the country. Education in Binhai is developing quickly. Two colleges have been founded. A lot of foreign businessmen are interested and have invested in the city. Binhai has taken on a new look.
The Fifth Period Listening
Teaching Goals 教学目标
1.Target language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
organize, project diversion, tunnel, make a note of
b.重点句子
Where is the dam in the film?
Who organized the visit of the Vietnamese students?
2.Ability target 能力目标
Train the students’ ability to gain the detailed information.
3.Learning-skill target 学能目标
Get students to read the questions fast and find out the listening points before they listen to the tape.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Get the students to listen to the listening materials and understand what they have heard.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
Summary what the students have heard and make a note of the information they need.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening and discussion.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a projector and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
StepⅠGreetings
T: Good morning/afternoon, everyone!
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, Mr. Chen.
StepⅡ Pre-listening
Teacher reads a short passage. Ask students to listen carefully and tick the things they can hear.
T: Now I’ll read a passage. Listen carefully and try to find out which of the following you can hear.
Suggested Passage:
The Neva River flows through the center of St Petersburg in Russia. Three hundred years ago, the Russian Czar Peter the Great came here and built a new capital—St Petersburg, the Amazon River, St Petersburg, the Neva River, the Aswan High Dam (Showing them on the screen.)
Suggested answer: St Petersburg and the Neva River.
StepⅢ Listening
T: Now we are going to listen to a passage. You will listen to it three times. When I play the tape for the first time, just listen without making notes. The second time I play the tape, try to write down the answers. The last time I play the tape, check your answers by listening to the tape. www-2-1-cnjy-com
Teacher plays the tape for the first time. Then play for the second time, and during this time, teacher may pause for students to write down the information. Play the tape for the last time for students to check their answers. Finally teacher checks the answers with the whole class.
StepⅣ Pronunciation
Ask students to read the sentences and then underline the relative clauses.
T: Now, please read the sentences in the Pronunciation part. You need to underline the relative clause in each sentence. Pay attention to your pronunciation.
Play the tape for the students to listen and follow the tape to correct their pronunciation.
T: We are going to listen to the tape. Read aloud following the tape. Note the difference in the intonation of sentences with non-defining relative clauses especially where you should make a pause when you read.
StepⅤ Workbook(P 101)
Pre-listening
Ask students to discuss the questions in activity 12.
T: Please turn to P101. Look at the picture first and then discuss the questions with your partner.
Listening
T: Now, please listen to the tape to see if your guess is right or wrong and decide if the sentences in activity 13 are true or false.
Play the tape for the first time for students to check their guess and finish activity 13.
T: We are going to listen to the tape again and check your answers in activity 13. Correct the false statements.
Play the tape again and check the answers with the whole class.
Post-listening
Ask students to think about a recent or future construction project in their town or that they know about. Then ask them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the project and say how it has affected or will affect people’s life.
StepⅥ Homework
Preview the next part—Cultural corner.
The Sixth Period Reading
Teaching Goals 教学目标
1.Target language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
tower, destroy, brick, observatory, strike, military, foggy, crash, in fact
b.重点句子
The World Trade Center twin towers, which were destroyed in September 2001, were 417 and 415 metres high.
2.Ability target 能力目标
Talk about famous buildings in the world.
Improve the students’ ability to guess the meaning of new words in the sentence or in the text.
3.Learning-skill target 学能目标
Enable the students to talk about buildings and lead them to have a good knowledge of the world.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Skimming to get the general idea of the passage.
Scanning to look for specific information.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Skimming method and scanning method.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A projector and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
StepⅠGreetings
T: Good morning/afternoon, everyone!
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, Mr. Chen.
StepⅡ Pre-reading
Show the picture on page 59 and ask the students some questions.
T: Now, look at the picture. What can you see in it?
Ss: Many buildings and one of them is very high.
T: Who can tell me the name of the highest building?
S1: Let me have a try. It may be the Empire State Building.T: Which country does it belong to?
Ss: The United States.
T: Good. Have you ever been there?
Ss: Never.
T: What a pity! But we will learn a passage about this high building and then you will know more about it.
StepⅢ Reading
Ask the students to read the passage on P59 and answer several questions. This step focuses on the ability to grasp the general idea and get some detailed information.
T: Now read the passage quickly and try to answer these three questions.
Q1: What does the writer talk bout?
Q2: For how long was the Empire State Building the tallest building in the world?
Q3: What happened to it in 1945?
A few minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.
Suggested answer:
Q1: The Empire State Building one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Q2: 41 years.
Q3: A US military plane crashed into the building just above the 78th floor.
Help the students learn how to get the main idea easily and quickly. Play the tape for the students to listen and get the key sentences.
T: We know sometimes it is not easy to get the main idea of a passage. Maybe it is better to do in this way. First we had better find the key sentence of each paragraph. The key sentence usually appears at the beginning or the end of a paragraph. After that we can summarize the main idea in our own words. Now we are going to listen to this passage. When you are listening, please try to get the key sentence of each paragraph.
A few minutes later, ask the students to read out the key sentence of each paragraph.
T: Now who would like to tell which sentence is key sentence in the first paragraph?
S1: In fact, the second tallest building in the US is more than 75 years old!
T: You are right! The second paragraph.
S2: The Empire State Building, which was the tallest building at the time was finished in May 1931.
T: Good! OK. How about the last paragraph.
S3: Facts about the Empire State Building.
T: Now who wants to have a try to tell the main idea?
S4: Let me have a try. The Empire State Building built in 1931, which has a history of more than 75 years, was one of tallest buildings in the world.
T: Excellent! You got it. I hope you will do such kind of work as much as possible after class.
StepⅣ Post-reading
Ask the students to read about the chart and then ask them questions.
T: We have known that the Empire State Building was once the tallest building in the world. However, now it isn’t the tallest one any longer. Now let’s see the world’s top 10 tallest buildings in 2004. Read the chart and then I will ask you some questions about it.
A few minutes later, ask students the following questions.
T: Which building is the tallest one in the world now?
S1: Taipei 101.
T: Which of them is the tallest one by 2000?
S2: Petronas Tower 1 and Petronas Tower 2.
T: How many of the ten tallest buildings belong to China?
S3: Six.
StepⅤ Workbook on P99
Fast Reading
T: We have just read a passage about the tallest buildings on the ground. Now, we are going to read another passage about the constructions across the rivers. Please turn to P99, read the text and answer the question at the top of this page.
A few minutes later, check the answers.
T: Now who can tell us where the Itaipu and Aswan Dams are?
S1: The Itaipu Dam lies between Paraguay and Brazil. The Aswan High Dam lies in the dry Egyptian desert.
T: How big they are?
S2: The Itaipu Reservoir covers 1, 350 k㎡. The Aswan High Dam is the third largest in the world, which is 550 km long.
T: Which dam can you see in the picture?
Ss: The Aswan High Dam.
Extensive Reading
T: Now please look through the text and then do some reading comprehension exercises according to the text.
Choose the best answers.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. When was the Itaipu Dam completed?
A. In 1970. B. In 1980. C. In 1982. D. Not mentioned.
2. Which river does the Aswan High Dam make use of to generate electricity?
A. The Nile. B. The Amazon River. C. The Mississippi. D. The Yangtze River.
3. How many people were moved from their homes when the Aswan High Dam was built?
A. 550 B. 1, 350 C. 30, 000 D. More than 90, 000
Key: CAD
Post-reading
T: Now read the passage carefully again and finish the exercises on P100.
A few minutes later, check the answers.
StepⅥ Homework
1. To summarize what you have learnt in this module. 21教育名师原创作品
2. Preview the next module.
附 件
Ⅰ.课文注释与疑难解析
1. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the world’s third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam. 三峡大坝利用了世界第三长河长江的力量。2·1·c·n·j·y
has been harnessed是现在完成时的被动语态，构成形式是：have/has been done，表示已经完成的被动动作。如：
The report has been finished. 报告已经完成了。
Mora than three thousand people have been killed by the hurricane till now. 到目前为止，已经有3000多人在飓风中丧生。
2. Unfortunately, burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. 不幸的是，烧煤会引起环境污染，而且也会使全球变暖。
burning coal是动名词短语作主语，动名词具有名词的特征，在句中分别可以担当主语、宾语及表语。如：
Seeing is believes. 眼见为实。
I feel like going out for a walk after supper. 我喜欢在晚饭后出去散步。
3. Now they’re living a happy new life in different areas. 目前他们在不同的地方过着幸福的生活。如：
In the past people lived a hard life in our hometown. 过去，我们家乡的人们过着艰难的生活。
4. Lightning strikes the Empire State Building about 500 times a year. 一年中闪电要袭击帝国大厦大约500次。
strike可用作动词，表示“打，击；敲响；使突然想起”等。如：
The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。
Twelve has struck. 12点敲过了。
It struck me that he had left. 我突然想起他已经走了。
Ⅱ.文化背景知识
The Great Wall of China
In 221B.C. the first Emperor started to build a great wall right across the north of his empire. He wanted to keep the tribes of Huns and Tartars outside his country. There were earlier walls built in some places by different kings of china, but the First Emperor, now that he ruled all China, decided to complete the wall. He decided to make it run right across from Tibet to the sea, a distance of over 1, 500 miles. It took seven years to build.21世纪教育网版权所有
The Great Wall ran across wild, steep, mountainous country, over the mountains and down the valleys. North and west of it there were only wild mountains and deserts, and south and east there were the rich Yellow River plains. It was built higher than a double-decker bus. In most places it was wide enough for eight men to march side by side along the top. It was built of stones and clay. There were huge blocks of stones on the sides, and on the top there were more stones. Cars could travel along the top.
About every two hundred yards there were tall, strong towers where soldiers could keep watch for the enemy, and where they could light fires to send signal to each other. There were always soldiers inside these towers, winter and summer, keeping guard against attacks from the Huns. There were a few well-guarded gateways with huge wooden gates, strengthened with iron nails. These connected the main roads of China to other roads through the mountains and across the desert.
The Great Wall has often been rebuilt through the centuries, and much of it is still standing today. Visitors can still see it running like a snake across the country and can still walk along the top. Much of the traffic that passes through the ancient gateways has not changed much. But today, as well as horses and carts there are motorcars and trucks.www.21-cn-jy.com
The Statue of Liberty
One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty (自由女神像). The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high. Visitors can go inside the statue. The statue is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch. Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue. The statue weighs 225 tons and is 301 feet tall.
The Statue of Liberty was put up in 1886. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France. Over the years France and the United States had a special relationship. In 1776 France helped the American colonies gain independence from England. The French wanted to do something special for the 100th birthday of the USA.
Laboulaye was a well-know Frenchman who admired the United States. One night at dinner in his house, Laboulaye talked about the idea of a gift. Among Laboulaye’s guests was the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Bartholdi thought of a statue of liberty. He offered to design the statue.
Many people contributed in some way. The French people gave money for the statue. Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on. The American people raised money to pay for the pedestal. The French engineer Alexander Eiffel, who was famous for his Eiffel Tower in Paris, figured out how to make the heavy statue stand.
In the year after the statue was put up, many immigrants came to the United States through New York. As they entered New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She symbolized a welcome to USA.
Abu Simbel
After the great Pyramids and the large Sphinx(狮身人面像), the temple of Abu Simbel (阿布辛波神庙) presents the most familiar image of ancient Egypt to the modern travelers.
Abu Simbel lies on the western bank of the Nile. The rock-cut temple took nearly 30 years to build. It is the greatest monument built by King Ramses II (1279-1224BC), who is thought to have had over 100 children.
At the tall entrance of the temple sit four statues of Ramses. Each statue on the left has “the most expressive, youthful face, looking more like a Grecian model of beauty than that of any ancient Egypt figure.” Unfortunately, an ancient earthquake damaged the statues, and one is now destroyed from the waist up.
The inside of the temple is actually inside the cliff. It is a man-made cave cut into the rock. Many halls and rooms extend 56 metres back from the entrance.
The most wonderful part of the site is the exact position of the temple. Twice every year in February and October, the first rays of the morning sun shine through the caves to light up the back wall of the inner-most room where there sit four statues of gods.
But, the High Dam at Aswan was completed in 1970. The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3,830 metres long. It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top. The lake that has been made by the dam is about 500 kilometres long.
Before they began to build the dam, people already knew that there were going to be several problems. As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 metres. These temples were in danger. When the dam was finished many of them would be covered by the waters of the new lake.
Engineers studied the problem and suggested several different plans for rescuing the temple. The engineers considered all possible plans. At last, they decided to move the whole temple stone by stone and rebuild it above the water level of the new lake.
The project was successfully completed in 1966. Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or take a boat from across the lake. There, by the waters of the new lake, you can see the tall stone figures and visit the temples of the gods. The place is quiet and very beautiful.
The Palace Museum
The Palace Museum, known as the Forbidden City, was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, in the early 15th century, large scale construction involved 100, 000 artisans and 1, 000, 000 civilians. The construction took 14 years and was finished in 1420. In the following year, the capital of the Ming dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. Twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties ruled from the Forbidden City. The last dynasty fell in 1911, but Emperor Poi still lived in the inner court. It was not until 1925 that the complex was changed into a museum. Since then, the palace has been opened to the public.
The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, covering an area of 72 hectares. It is rectangular in shape, 900 metres long from north to south and 750 metres wide from west to east. There is a 10-metre-high wall, encircled by a 52-metre-wide moat. In the Ming dynasty, the wood needed for the building was brought mostly from Sichuan and Hunan provinces, while in the Qing dynasty, it was cut from northeast China. Most of the stones were put and quarried from the suburban district of Fangshan and other districts. Construction of the Forbidden City brought great hardship to the working people.
The palace is the largest piece of ancient Chinese architecture still standing. Some of the buildings were damaged by lightning and rebuilt in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The palace has been expanded several times, but the original layout was preserved.
After liberation, some costly renovations were done and the Palace Museum is listed as one of the important historical monuments under special preservation by the Chinese government.
The Greatest Bridge in the World
Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river. Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the greatest bridge in the world was named after him.
The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26, 108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer’s dream to create an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible.
Tower of London
One of the oldest towers in England is still in use. It’s called the Tower of London. This castle in the heart of London is on the bank of the Thames River.
The Tower was built in the Year 1078 by order of William, who was the king of England. The tower could keep the city London safe. Sometimes it also could be the king’s home.
The Tower of London is more than one building. It has a building for soldiers, a dark prison and beautiful rooms. There is a river and a high stone wall around the buildings.
The Tower had many sad stories to tell. For years, many people were sent into the prison there before they were killed. They were kept in a place called Traitor’s Gate. Lady Jane Grey was sent there before she was killed. Two Young princes were killed secretly in the Tower.
Today the Tower holds many kinds of old things used by the king and his men. So it is also an interesting place to visit.
课件20张PPT。Module 6Module 6 Old and NewSpeaking1. In your opinion, what advantages will the Three Gorges Dam bring to people?
2. What has happened to many towns, villages and people who used to live there? 1. The Three Gorges Dams has caused the disappearance of many towns and villages. What do you think about this?
2. Has the Three Gorges Dam affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know? Work in groups. Discuss these questions.ListeningListen and underline the subjects that you hear.a film about a dam, a map of China,
The Yangtze River,
students from Vietnam
the Grand Canal,
the Great Wall of China Listen again and make a note
of the information.Where is the dam in the film?Egypt.Maps of the World.2. What is the name of the book with
maps of China?3. What time of year did the woman visit the Three Gorges Dam?December.The government.4. Who organized the visit of the
Vietnamese students? Complete the theses sentences from the conversation, using the words who or that/ which, or nothing at all.1. I’ve got a book here ___________ has lots of maps of China.
2. We took a boat ___________ went up the Yangtze River.that/whichthat/which3. I’m writing an email to some people
________ I met on the boat.
4. They were on a visit ____ organised by
the government.
5. I spoke to a man, _____ said there
were 25 American students in the
group.who-who/-Dialogue 1
The woman is looking for _______________ as she is trying to find the __________________ from it. The man recommended a book called ____________________.a map of ChinaThree Gorges DamMaps of the WorldDetailed listeningDialogue 2
The man saw a film about a dam last night, but it wasn’t about the ___________________. It was another dam _________ and he thought it was __________________.Three Gorges Damin Egyptabsolutely fascinatingDialogue 3
The woman took a ______ that went up the _____________ to visit the Three Gorges Dam ____________. And she thought the trip was ____________________.boatYangtze Riverin Decemberabsolutely wonderfulDialogue 4
The man was writing __________ to the people from ____________ who he met on the boat. Actually those people were ___________ organized by the government.an e-mailVietnamon a visit关系代词与关系副词易混点练习。1. This is the man _____ helped me.
2. The boy ___________ we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
3. The person ________ you talked is Mr. Li.
4. I can’t find the letter _________ came this morning.whowho/whom/-to whomthat/which5. The letter _________ I received was from my father.
6. The house ________ we live is not large.
7. That’s the reason ___________ he explained to us.
8. That’s the reason ____ he left home.that/whichin whichthat/which/-why9. Have you asked him the reason
__________ may explains his success.
10. The only reason ____ he gave to
teacher for his being late sounds
reasonable.
11. This is the shop __________ sells
children’s clothing.that/whichthat that/which12. This is the shop ______ children’s
clothing are sold.
13. This is the time ___________ we
want to fix
14. Next winter ___________ you’ll
spend in Harbin is good.wherethat/which/-that/which/-Book 3 Module 6? Old and New
第二部分： 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
★★☆☆☆
Like many families in Sanyati, a small countryside town in western Zimbabwe, Tatenda’s family does not have a television. One day after school, Tatenda arrived home tired and noticed something unusual in the house. “At first, I thought Dad had bought a television set, but when my mother said it was a computer, I was disappointed,” 11-year-old Tatenda said. “Nobody in our neighborhood knew how to operate a computer.” 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
For almost two weeks, the gift lay untouched in the house. But things changed when Amina, a young family friend from Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital, came to visit. Amina knew all about computers and was a good teacher, too.
At first, Tatenda always pressed the wrong button (按钮). But he kept on going because he was eager to learn. After three weeks, Tatenda mastered some computer basics.
Meanwhile, Tatenda’s friends wondered what had happened to him, because Tatenda always had an excuse for going back home.
One day, Tatenda’s three friends surprised him at home. When they arrived, they couldn’t believe what they saw — a computer and Tatenda operating it.
After that surprise visit, Tatenda taught them how to use the computer. It wasn’t long before the neighborhood kids wanted to learn, too! Tatenda worried. The computer began to experience problems because the kids were pressing too many buttons. So he began charging (收费) for lessons. But those whose parents did not have money paid with chickens or goats.
With the money earned from teaching, Tatenda has bought a television and radio for his family. And he plans to buy a new computer. He also plans to keep on teaching. The people of Sanyati couldn’t be more pleased. Tatenda has single-handedly introduced computers to his town and is simply known there as “Teacher.”
21. Tatenda was disappointed with the unusual thing in his house for _____.
A. he didn’t need anything
B. he thought it was useless
C. he had had the same one
D. he was very tired that day
22. What can we learn about Amina?
A. She bought a computer for Tatenda.
B. She was Tatenda’s school teacher.
C. She was invited to teach Tatenda.
D. She offered Tatenda much help.
23. When Tatenda’s three friends saw him operating a computer, they were very _____.
A. calm??????????????????????? B. angry?
C. proud?????????????????????? D. surprised
24. The text mainly tells readers _____.
A. a boy teaches his townspeople computer skills
B. a boy tries his best to support his family
C. computers are important to the poor
D. the poor need more education than others
?
B
★★☆☆☆
Sarah Sexton understands that some people may find art boring. “I’m always looking for ways to take a traditional subject and make it look fun and interesting,” says Sarah, 16. Sarah won a National Silver Medal in painting in the 2013 Scholastic Art & Writing Awards, and she hopes to have a career (事业) in fine art or design.
When did you first get serious about art?
I’ve always loved drawing, but I got serious after the eighth grade, when I started taking classes at a private art studio. I learned some skills like shading and perspective (透视画法), which deepened my love of art because of what I could create with these amazing new tools.
What made you create this award-winning painting?
Last fall, I decided to make my first oil painting. I knew I wanted my subject to be about food since I love food. My studio-art teacher said, “Why not try fruit?”
How did you create an unusual sense of space in the image?
I wanted the watermelon to be the focal point (焦点). The slices (薄片) are large and in the center so they take up most of the empty space and make a big statement. I added the tablecloth, so the space felt definite. As your eye moves up, the background detail disappears. Near the top, there is no detail. It may make you wonder if anything is really there at all.21cnjy.com
What advice do you have for the young artists like yourself?
If you want to try something different, go for it. Art isn’t about trying to make everyone like your work. It’s about taking risks and trying to say what you think or feel. If you like it, that’s what matters most.
25. According to the text, Sarah _____.
A. thinks art is boring and uninteresting sometimes
B. developed her interest in art when she was eight years old
C. dreams that one day she will become an artist or designer
D. won first prize in the 2013 Scholastic Art & Writing Awards
26. Which of the following may be Sarah’s award-winning painting?
27. In Sarah’s opinion, what is most important for an artist?
A. Expressing yourself.
B. Learning from others.
C. Pleasing most people.
D. Enjoying different art forms.
?
C
★★★☆☆
Theodore Roosevelt was one of America’s most physically fit Presidents. “While in the White House I always tried to get a couple of hours’ exercise in the afternoons — sometimes tennis, more often riding, or else a cross-country walk,” he wrote. The President believed “the strenuous (精力充沛的) life”, as he called it, helped him to be a better person and a better President.
The President’s love for the strenuous life began when he was a boy growing up in?New York City?in the 1860s. He was a sickly child and often ill. “Nobody seemed to think I would live,” Roosevelt recalled.?
Encouraged by his father, Roosevelt began lifting weights when he was 12 years old. The next year, Roosevelt’s mother took him to a gym for boxing (拳击) lessons. He described himself as “a painfully slow and awkward pupil.”?But even though he had little ability, Roosevelt always showed a lot of interest in sports. He worked hard at exercising his body.
Roosevelt stood 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighed 124 pounds as a freshman at Harvard College. A classmate described him as “a youth in the kindergarten stage of development.” Yet Roosevelt continued boxing, and in his junior year, he competed in Harvard’s annual boxing championship. He finished in second place.?
Roosevelt entered politics after college. In 1901, 42-year-old Roosevelt became the youngest President ever. And just because he was a world leader, he saw no reason to give up strenuous or risky sports.
? ? ? The President invited young military officers to the White House to box and wrestle (摔跤). In one boxing match, Roosevelt’s opponent (对手) hit him in the left eye, causing an injury that eventually blinded that eye. He kept the injury secret for many years.
28. Roosevelt’s parents encouraged him to do exercise in order to _____.
A. change his bad habits
B. discover his athletic ability
C. strengthen his weak body
D. build his strong character
29. What does the underlined word “awkward” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Stupid.??????????????????? B. Nervous.???
C. Careful.?????????????????? D. Unpopular.
30. What Roosevelt’s college classmate described showed Roosevelt was very _____.
A. strong?????????????? ?????? B. smart?
C. lazy????????????????? ?????? D. small
31. After Roosevelt became the President of the US, _____.www.21-cn-jy.com
A. he preferred doing exercise in the mornings
B. he had less time to keep fit at the White House
C. few people knew he lost the sight of his left eye
D. he taught many officers how to box and wrestle
?
D
★★★★☆
OTTAWA — After leaving suddenly almost twenty years ago, fans of one Italian car brand (品牌) have been crying, “Oh, Alfa Romeo, where are you?” But with the arrival of the all-new Alfa Romeo 4C sports car this year, parent Fiat’s sportiest brand is back in business in Canada. The question is: Will anybody care?
Although it hasn’t sold a new car in Canada since 1995, the Alfa Romeo brand is one of the oldest in the car industry. It was founded in 1910. It quickly became well-known for making fast, beautiful and expensive sports cars. An Italian state-holding company took over in the early 1930s, but since 1986, the Alfa brand has been owned by Fiat.
Unfortunately, Alfa Romeo met fresh competition from Japan. By the mid-1990s, Alfa’s lone North American offerings were the Spider roadster (单排座敞篷轿车).
Many Alfa fans will tell you the brand’s success is on the racetracks (赛车场). Dating back to 1913, Alfa Romeo has always had a strong factory presence in racing. But since the late-1980s the Italian automaker has become less involved in car races.
While Alfa Romeo has shot a few videos of its new mid-engine, two-seat 4C on a racetrack, there are no plans for the car maker to get back into racing.
One of the biggest attractions for Toronto Alfa Romeo fan Vytas Svedas is the brand’s racing past. He currently takes part in many races with his father with a 1966 Alfa Giulia Sprint GT, and he thinks if Alfa wants to be taken seriously as it returns to selling cars in Canada, it has to get back on the racetrack.
Of course, not all Alfa fans need a racetrack to enjoy their cars. David Semel is the president of the Alfa Romeo Club of Ottawa. Semel’s current ride is a 1964 Alfa Romeo Giulia SS. And, he admits, the main attraction of the Giulia SS is the way the car looks, not how fast it can go.
32. What do we know about Alfa Romeo?
A. It is quite affordable for the common people.
B. It is a brand of a state-holding company.
C. It has a history of about a century.
D. It entered Canada in 1995.
33. Why did Alfa Romeo lose its Canadian market?
A. Because the Canadians lost interest in sports cars.
B. Because there were fewer car races held in Canada.21·世纪*教育网
C. Because it faced very strong competition from Japan.
D. Because its quality couldn’t meet the local buyers’ needs.
34. What’s Vytas Svedas’s attitude towards Alfa Romeo’s not getting back into racing?【出处：21教育名师】
A. Understanding.??? ???????? B. Unconcerned.? ?
C. Pleased.??? ?????????????????? D. Disappointed.
35. According to David Semel, Alfa Romeo _____.
A. will return to racing sooner or later????????????
B. has other advantages besides speed??????????????
C. is not necessarily the fastest car?????????????????
D. is losing lots of its fans
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four most important eye expressions
The language of our eyes is one of the most powerful and useful tools of non-verbal (非语言的) communication. ??36? ?Here are four most important eye expressions that we see every day.
1. Smiling eyes
Researchers have long noticed that a sincere smile starts with our eyes. When we are sincerely happy, the skin around the corners of our eyes crinkles (出现皱纹). But a social, polite smile touches only our lips (嘴唇). ??37? ?For example, when a shop assistant smiles at you, offering help, you will immediately get the feeling that they are just trying to sell you something.
2. ??38?? ??
People who avoid eye contact during a conversation are often considered as insincere. What does little or no eye contact mean then? Anything from shyness to nervousness.
3. Friendly eyes
When you are carrying on a conversation, looking the speaker straight in the eyes sends a clear message to him: ?39 ?This is why so many public speaking experts advise keeping eye contact with the speaker.
4. “Shut” eyes
Covering the eyes for a long period of time sends a message that you are trying to block out something that you do not want to hear. For example, a man who is asked to work on the weekend may cover his eyes with his fingers as he answers, “No problem.” ??40? ??
A. Shy eyes
B. Empty eyes
C. Such behavior is seen with liars.
D. You are paying attention to the talk.
E. The smile you are given is not in the eyes.
F. What his gestures are showing is that he is not happy about it at all.
G. So it is important to learn how to read the body language of the eyes.
?
第三部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★☆☆☆
Kindness is not always a straight line. I was traveling in a city of Central America with a friend, and we were ?41 ?a post office. We were standing on a street corner and did not know what the Spanish word for “post office” was. Some ?42 ?guy could see we were ?43 ?and came up to us. We tried to ?44 ?what we were looking for, and he said, “Oh, yes, yes,” and ?45 ?us, with our backpacks on in the middle of the heat of the day, down all these little crooked (弯曲的) streets. It seemed like we walked for miles. ?46 , he pointed us toward a ?47 ?without any name on it. But when we ?48 , it turned out not to be the post office. 2·1·c·n·j·y
When we came out and were ?49 ?standing around looking ?50 , someone else soon came up. She asked if we ?51 ?help. Again, we tried to explain ?52 ?we were going. The woman said she? 53 ?where the post office was. We headed off as she ?54 ?us to another building which also had no ?55 ?and which also turned out not to be the post office.
At this point we decided that ?56 ?we didn’t know where we were, we were not going to listen to anybody else. But then another person came up and said, “I can? 57 ?you.” We said “No, thank you,” ?58 ?he was very insistent (坚持的). He actually grabbed me by the hand and dragged (拉着) me through the streets. Circling around, we came back to the first ?59 ?we had been standing on when we began. The ?60 ?pointed across the street, and there was the post office.
41. A. fixing up?????????????????? B. looking for 21教育网
C. cleaning up ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. working for
42. A. kind????????????????????????? B. brave???????? 21教育名师原创作品
C. poor???????????????? ?????? ?????? D. proud
43. A. excited ? ????????????????? B. surprised?? ?????
C. pleased ???? ??????????????????? D. confused
44. A. doubt?? ???????????????????? B. explain??????
C. consider???? ???????????????????? D. guess
45. A. warned????????????????????? B. begged??????
C. persuaded ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. led
46. A. Luckily ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Gradually ???????
C. Finally ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Secretly
47. A. line????? ???????????????????? B. word? ????????????
C. building???? ???????????????????? D. city
48. A. took part ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. turned around???
C. gave up ???????????????????????? D. went in
49. A. again??? ???????????????????? B. only ????????
C. also ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. even
50. A. late ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. hurt?????? ?????
C. lost ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. busy
51. A. offered????????????????????? B. needed?????????????
C. accepted?????????????????? ?????? D. refused
52. A. when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. why?? ????????????
C. how ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. where
53. A. forgot ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. knew???????????????
C. wondered ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. dreamed
54. A. followed ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. called????????
C. guided ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. welcomed
55. A. door????????????????????????? B. owner???????
C. sign???????????????????????? ?????? D. step
56. A. even though ? ? ? ? ? ? B. as long as?????????
C. as soon as ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. as if
57. A. promise ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. help???
C. remember ?????????????? ?????? D. understand
58. A. or ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. so?????????????
C. and??????????? ???????????????????? D. but
59. A. office?? ???????????????????? B. corner???????
C. floor ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. circle
60. A. friend ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. postman????
C. stranger????? ???????????????????? D. boss
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two British people are talking about architecture (建筑).
Jen: Hey, I just heard that the new library in our city got an architectural prize. Did you hear 61. ________ it?
Chris: Yes, I’ve seen pictures. Well, I don’t know what you think, but people these days are just building monstrosities (畸形).
Jen: Oh, I completely 62. ________ (agree). I think it reflects modern society. It’s 63. ________ an interesting building that it’s different from everything else.
Chris: No, I think they’re just reflecting their egos (自我). They’re just putting 64. ________ buildings which say, “Look at me. Look at me, ” you know.
Jen: Well, what do you think? What is good architecture?
Chris: Well, it needs to say something, you know, about human beings 65. ________ live and use the buildings.
Jen: Well, everything was once modern architecture. It just looks different now. At the time it had its critics, now it 66. ________ (consider) art.
Chris: Well, yeah, it’s art. 67. ________ most modern art they just want to show something. They’re trying to make the biggest, strangest statement, trying to make a point.
Jen: Well, it might not be the case now, but in years to come these buildings 68. ________ (value).
Chris: Well, it’s just about making something different. Again, like I say, they’re just saying, “Look at me. This is different. Give me a prize.”
Jen: Well, if the building performs a fun_ction then it has been 69. ________ success.
Chris: Well. Why can’t we just make buildings like we did in the past — nice looking, and pleasant to look at?
Jen: I think it’s important 70. ________ architects create buildings that are interesting and different. Why do we always have to do the same thing?
?
第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
?????? 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
?????? 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
?????? 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
?????? 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
?????? 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
?????? I go online as often as I can. First of the all, I can shop on the Internet without leave my room. When I shop on the Internet, it takes me only about half a hour to finding what I want. Second, I can send photo to people anywhere in the world for less than five minutes just at home. The most important reason for me to go online is keep in touch with my friends and the people who are importance to me. Going online has became an important part of my life. For me, it’s a bridge that connect me to any place I like.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
某英文报正在举办主题为“New Technology, New Life”的征文比赛，请你根据以下要求写一篇短文应征。
?????? ·列举三个例子说明新科技在生活中所起的作用；
?????? ·你的认识及体会。
注意：1. 词数110左右； 2. 开头已经给出，但不计入总词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
It goes without saying that our life is becoming more and more beautiful with the development of science and technology. Now let me give you some examples to prove this.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
?Book 3 Module 6参考答案
参考答案
21-25 BDDAC???? ???? 26-30 BACAD
31-35 CCCDB ? ? ? ? ? ?36-40 GEADF???? ???? 41-45 BADBD
46-50 CCDAC?????? ??? 51-55 BDBCC ? ? ? ? ? ?56-60 ABDBC
61. about / of ? ? ? ? ? ? 62. disagree ? ? ? ? ? ? ?63. such????????
64. up ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?65. that / who ? ? ? ? ? ?66. is considered
67. Like ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 68. will be valued????? 21*cnjy*com
69. a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?70. that ????????
短文改错：
71. First of the all, ...??? ??????? 去掉the?
72. ... without leave ...?? ??????? leave → leaving???
73. ... half a hour ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? a → an?
74. ... to finding what ...?????? ? finding → find????
75. ... send photo to ...?? ??????? photo → photos
76. ... for less than ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ?for → in
77. ... is keep in touch ...????? ?? keep前加to??
78. ... are importance to ... ? ? ? importance → important
79. ... has became ...????? ??????? became → become??????
80. ... that connect me ...????? ?? connect → connects????
One possible version:
It goes without saying that our life is becoming more and more beautiful with the development of science and technology. Now let me give you some examples to prove this.
The first thing I think of is the smart phone. With a smart phone, we can almost do whatever we want at any time and at any place, such as surfing the Internet, taking pictures and watching movies.
What comes to my mind secondly is the e-reader. E-readers are much easier to carry and much more environmental friendly than paper books.
Finally, I must mention the high-speed train, which greatly shortens the travel time between two places and as a result, our world is really becoming much smaller.
In a word, our life is becoming much better, easier and more convenient than before thanks to new science and technology.2-1-c-n-j-y
部分解析
阅读理解：
A篇（周围的人）
?????? 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了津巴布韦十一岁男孩凭一己之力教家乡的人学习电脑。
21. B。细节理解题。Tatenda渴望有台电视机，当看到是电脑时，他很失望，因为没有人会用。因此他认为电脑没有用。【版权所有：21教育】
22. D。推理判断题。由第二段的But things changed when Amina, ... to visit. Amina knew all about computers可知，Amina在电脑方面给予了Tatenda很大的帮助。
23. D。细节理解题。根据第五段的they couldn’t believe what they saw可知，全镇原本没有一个人会使用电脑，当Tatenda的朋友看到他正在操作一台电脑时，感到十分惊讶。
24. A。主旨大意题。最后一段的Tatenda has single-handedly introduced computers to his town and is simply known there as “Teacher.”是全文的中心句，本文旨在介绍津巴布韦十一岁男孩凭一己之力教家乡的人学习如何使用电脑。
B篇（艺术）
?????? 本文是应用文。文章通过访谈的形式介绍了2013年度Scholastic Art & Writing Awards的获奖者Sarah Sexton。
25. C。细节理解题。根据第一段的she hopes to have a career in fine art or design可知。
26. B。推理判断题。根据问答第三部分的描述the watermelon to be the focal point, The slices are large以及added the tablecloth可知，Sarah的获奖作品最有可能是选项B。
27. A。细节理解题。根据问答最后一部分的Art isn’t about trying to make everyone like your work. It’s about taking risks and trying to say what you think or feel可知，Sarah认为艺术家表达自我很重要。
C篇（个人情况）
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了爱运动健身的美国总统罗斯福。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第二段可知，罗斯福从小体弱多病，在父母的鼓励下他开始进行体育锻炼。第三段的He worked hard at exercising his body即说明了他锻炼的目的是为了强身健体。
29. A。词义猜测题。根据第三段的?But even though he had little ability可知，“笨拙”与“学得慢”是罗斯福对年少时自己学习拳击的评价。
30. D。细节理解题。根据第四段可知，罗斯福上大学时身高5英尺8英寸、体重124磅，在同学眼里他就是一个“正在儿童成长阶段的成年人”。由此可推测他的同学认为他很瘦小。
31. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的causing an injury that eventually blinded that eye. He kept the injury secret for many years可知，很少有人知道罗斯福的左眼失明。
D篇（社会）
本文是说明文。阿尔法·罗密欧重返加拿大市场，人们对它重返加拿大市场所采取的策略意见不一。
32. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的It was founded in 1910可知，阿尔法·罗密欧品牌的汽车有一百多年的历史了。
33. C。细节理解题。由文章第三段Unfortunately, Alfa Romeo met fresh competition from Japan. By the mid-1990s, Alfa’s lone North American offerings were the Spider roadster可知，阿尔法·罗密欧在加拿大遭遇了日本这一强劲对手，不得不退出了加拿大市场。
34. D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的he thinks if Alfa wants to be taken seriously as it returns to selling cars in Canada, it has to get back on the racetrack可知，Vytas Svedas认为阿尔法·罗密欧要想在加拿大市场上重新立足必须重返赛车场，所以对阿尔法·罗密欧不重返赛车场的决定应该是比较失望的。
35. B。推理判断题。由文末的he admits, the main attraction of the Giulia SS is the way the car looks, not how fast it can go可知，David Semel认为阿尔法·罗密欧除了速度之外，还有其他的优势。
?
七选五：
话题：日常活动
?????? 本文是说明文。文章介绍了四种重要的眼部神情。
36. G。由下一句Here are four most important eye expressions that we see every day可知，此处是说“读懂眼部神情很重要”。
37. E。由上文的touches only our lips可知，“这种微笑从眼睛里是看不到的”。
38. A。由avoid eye contact和shyness可知，这部分讲的是“害羞的眼神”。
39. D。直视对方所传递的信息应该是“你在注意对方的谈话”。
40. F。由上文的Covering the eyes for a long period of time sends a message that you are trying to block out something that you do not want to hear可以推断，“用手指遮眼睛这样的手势表明他不高兴”。
?
完形填空：
话题：周围的人
?????? 本文是记叙文。作者讲述了他在异乡的一次经历。
41. B。由下文的what we were looking for和it turned out not to be the post office可知，“我”和朋友正在“寻找（looking for）”邮局。
42. A。有个人带我们去找邮局，由此可知，这个人很“善良（kind）”。
43. D。作者和朋友要找邮局，却不懂西班牙文。由此推断，他们看起来应该很“困惑（confused）”。21世纪教育网版权所有
44. B。由下文好心人带我们去找邮局可知，我们是向他“解释（explain）”要找的是什么。
45. D。由下文的he pointed us toward ... 可知，好心人“带着（led）”我们找邮局。
46. C。好心人带我们走过弯弯曲曲的街道后，“最终（Finally）”找到了一处地方。
47. C。邮局是一“建筑物（building）”。下文的to another building也是提示。
48. D。由下文的When we came out可知，我们“走进（went in）”了第一个好心人所指的那栋建筑物。
49. A。未能找到邮局，我们“再一次（again）”站在了街边。
50. C。找不到邮局，又不懂西班牙语，拐了很多街道后，我们“迷路（lost）”了。
51. B。有一个好心人主动询问我们是否“需要（needed）”帮助。
52. D。我们再一次解释要去“哪里（where）”。
53. B。由第二个好心人带我们去找邮局可知，她说她“知道（knew）”邮局在哪儿。
54. C。第二个好心人也“指引（guided）”着我们去找邮局。
55. C。由上文的a ... without any name on it和本句的also一词可知，这又是一个没有“标志（sign）”的建筑物。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
56. A。由于被误导了两次，所以我们决定“即使（even though）”不知道自己在哪儿，也不再听别人的。
57. B。由下文第三个好心人再次带领我们去找邮局可知，他主动提出他可以“帮助（help）”我们。
58. D。“我们说’不用，谢谢’”和“他依然坚持”之间是转折关系，故选but。
59. B。由上文的We were standing on a street corner可知，我们绕回到了最初站的那个街“角（corner）”。21·cn·jy·com
60. C。第三个帮助我们的人也是“陌生人（stranger）”。
?
语法填空：
61. about / of。hear about / of sth. 听到或知道某事物的情况。??
62. disagree。根据下文可知，Jen完全不同意Chris的意见，故填disagree。
63. such。此句用了“such + (a)n +形容词+名词+ that从句”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。www-2-1-cnjy-com
64. up。put up建造，修建。
65. that / who。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰human beings，且在从句中作主语，故填that / who。 　　21*cnjy*com
66. is considered。根据句中的now可知用一般现在时，又因为it与consider之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
67. Like。表示“像”，用介词Like。?
68. will be valued。these buildings与value之间是被动关系，再结合时间状语in years to come可知应用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be valued。
69. a。success在此指“成功的事情”，是可数名词，且表泛指，故填a。?
70. that。it为形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语，因从句意义完整，故填that。
Part 1 INTRODUCTION & READING AND VOCABULARY
I. 根据本模块所学单词及所给的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. When did the American C________ War take place?21cnjy.com
2. Keep away from the edge of the c________ — you might fall.
3. A r________ is a lake where water is stored so that it can be supplied to the houses in an area.【版权所有：21教育】
4. Rebuilding the ________ (运河) has already brought many benefits to our national economy.21教育名师原创作品
5. It’s our responsibility to protect and make good use of the cultural ________ (遗迹) of our motherland.
6. The grammatical ________ (结构) of this sentence is very complex.
II. 选用方框内所给的单词并用其适当形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
history, engineer, globe, carve
1. The school, named after a(n) ________ person, has a great influence on this area.
2. I found wood ________ satisfying and painting fun.　　21*cnjy*com
3. My brother is majoring in ________ because he is interested in designing and building roads, bridges, etc.www-2-1-cnjy-com
4. With the development of the ________ economy, companies are facing more and more challenges.
III. 每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。
1. The hotel can provide rooms for up to 500 guests.
The hotel can ________ up to 500 guests.
2. The council hasn’t yet chosen a place for the new hospital.21教育网
The council hasn’t yet chosen a(n) ________ for the new hospital.
3. The two new houses are being constructed.
The two new houses are under ________.
IV. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. Health is the most important treasure because without it, none of ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ (我们的梦想能够成真).
2. The little village has very _________ ________ (狭窄的街道), which I think should be widened.【出处：21教育名师】
3. Every few hundred metres along the Great Wall, ________ ________ ________ _________ (有一个瞭望台).
4. Your flight to Perth will leave from ________ ________ (4号候机厅).
V. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. More details will be given ________ our next news bulletin.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. The dam, built ten years ago, is not strong enough to hold ________ the flood waters.
3. The old buildings dating ________ the Ming Dynasty have become the most famous attractions of the town.
4. The rent is equal ________ half his monthly income.
VI. 英汉互译。
1. 塑像已挪到另一个地方。 (remove)
_________________________________________
2. 我们可以利用风能发电。 (harness)
_________________________________________
3. The Three Gorges on the Yangtze River consists of the Qutang Gorge, the Wu Gorge and the Xiling Gorge.21·cn·jy·com
_________________________________________
4. The little girl submerged all her toys in the bath.
_________________________________________
?
Part 2 GRAMMAR
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today’s newspaper.??? ? (天津2013)2-1-c-n-j-y
A. that??? ??????????? ?????? B. which ???? ???
C. who ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. what
2. The children, _____ had played the whole day long, were worn out. (浙江2013)
A. all of what? ???? ?????? B. all of which??
C. all of them ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. all of whom
3. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _____ are family members.?? (重庆2013)
A. them??? ????????? ?????? B. that??????? ???? ???
C. which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. whom?????????
4. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.??? (江苏2013)21*cnjy*com
A. where?? ????????? ?????? B. which?????? ?? ???
C. what ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. when
5. He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.? (辽宁2013)
A. in which case???? ?????? B. in that case ?
C. in what case ? ? ? ? ? ? D. in whose case???
?
Part 3 WRITING, SPEAKING, LISTENING, PRONUNCIATION, FUNCTION AND EVERYDAY ENGLISH, CULTURAL CORNER & TASK
I. 根据括号内所给的首字母提示写出与划线部分意思相同或相近的单词。
1. It was full of fog, so we can’t drive anywhere. (f________)21·世纪*教育网
2. I’d look silly in a dress like that.? (r________)
3. The main bedroom is extremely large. (e________)
4. After walking through the snow, my feet were extremely cold.??? (f________)
II. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. Our car lost control and ________ ________ ________ _________ (和另一辆车相撞).【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. He had reason to be ________ ________ ________ (对自己满意), since he was the only one of forty people who was employed by the company.
3. The war ________ ________ ________ _________ (终止) the scientist’s research work.
4. Why did she do a thing like that? It ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ (好像没道理).
5. ________ ________ ________ _________ (闪电通常会击中人) who take shelter from it under a tree.
?
答案
Part 1
I. 1. Civil ???? ????????2. cliff????????? 3. reservoir? www.21-cn-jy.com
4. canal ??????????????? 5. relics ????????6. structure2·1·c·n·j·y
II. 1. historical?????? ? 2. carving?
3. engineering??????? 4. global
III. 1. accommodate?? 2. site??? 3. construction
IV. 1. our dreams can come true
2. narrow streets??? ???? 3. there is a watchtower21世纪教育网版权所有
4. Terminal 4
V. 1. in???? 2. back????? ? 3. from???? 4. to
VI.
1. The statue has been removed to another site.
2. We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity.
3. 长江三峡由瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡组成。
4. 那个小女孩把她所有的玩具都泡在澡盆里。
Part 2
1-5 BDDBA
Part 3
I. 1. foggy? ???????? 2. ridiculous
3. enormous ? ?????? 4. freezing
II. 1. crashed into another car
2. pleased with himself
3. brought an end to?
4. doesn’t seem to make sense
5. Lightning usually strikes people
The Three Gorges Project: A Brief Introduction
A Dream for Generations to Come True
The idea of building a gigantic dam in the Three Gorges area to harness the Yangtze River is not new. More than seventy year ago, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution, first proposed that a Yangtze Three Gorges Project be constructed. Later, numerous experts conducted investigations on and preparatory work for the project. But because of historic reasons and lack of resources, the development of the project remained only a dream. Since the founding of the People? Republic of China in 1949, the project was back on the agenda. After meticulous feasibility studies by experts, it was finally concluded that the merits of the project far overweigh its demerits. On April 3, 1992, the National People? Congress approved the construction of the project. The Three Gorges Project has its main benefits in flood control, power generation and navigation.21教育网
Historically, the population in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River suffered tremendous losses from flooding both in human lives and property. In 1931 alone, as a result of flooding, 333 thousand hectares of cultivated land were stricken, 145 thousand people were drowned.2·1·c·n·j·y
Currently, 15 million people and 1.6 million hectares of land along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River are serious threatened by flooding. Once the project? reservoir with flood control storage of 22.1 billion cubic meters is completed; the project can raise flood control capacity from the present 10-year frequency to 100-year frequency.21·cn·jy·com
With its total installed capacity of 18,200 MW, the Three Gorges Hydropower Station will generate 84.7 billion KWH a year, one-ninth of the national total generated power.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Thirdly, the project will enable 10,000-ton towboats to sail up-stream as far as Chongqing. The Yangtze? Navigation capacity will thus be increased from 10 million to 50 million tons a year with the cost lowered by 35%-37%.21·世纪*教育网
Problems to Be Resolved
The project also presents daunting problems which should be properly handled and solved to avoid any possible undesired impacts. These include resettlement of population, environmental protection, fund raising, etc.21世纪教育网版权所有
About 1 million people will be relocated owing to the construction of the project. The government has attached great importance to the issue and decided to appropriate large sums of money for the resettlement program. The guiding principle of the program is that the life of the relocates can only be improved. For this purpose, the government has adopted development-oriented resettlement, in other words, to combine resettlement with local economic development. The relocates find higher-paying jobs in the newly set up businesses, which are usually located within the same country or city. Therefore, they feel quite at home and enjoy a better living in their new homes.21cnjy.com
There has been concern about possible negative impacts on the environment by the project both at home and abroad.www-2-1-cnjy-com
This issue has been given very serious consideration and numerous measures have been taken to ensure environmental protection. For instance, the project construction will affect the habitats of Chinese river dolphin and Chinese sturgeon. So, the present protection areas and artificial breeding fields for them will be further perfected. It is not insignificant that the project will supply clean energy, replacing the burning of 50 million tons of raw coal annually. According to calculations, the discharge into the atmosphere of 100 million tons of carbon dioxide, 1.2-2 million tons of sulphur-dioxide, 10,000 tons of carbon monoxide, along with large amount of flying dust will be drastically reduced. 44 historical relics will be affected by the project construction and measures will be taken for their protection. For example, the White Crane Backbone, an ancient identification record of dry seasons in the history will be relocated. The Sibaozhai in Zhongxian County and the Quyuan Temple whose foundations are to be submerged will be well protected from water-logging.
By the year 2009 when the project is completed, the total investment for the project will amount to US $28 billion. The funds for the project come from four sources: the Three Gorges Construction Funds, power revenues from the existing Gezhouba Hydropower Plant, power revenues from the Three Gorges Project starting from the year 2003 and loans and credits from the State Development Bank. In spite of the above sources, it is estimated that there exists a fund gap of $7.1 billion. This gap will be made up through domestic loans, export credits, overseas commercial loans and bond issuing, etc. As the project construction lasts 17 years and funding comes from multiple sources, fund raising does not present a difficult problem. The funding of the project has been smooth and no shortage of money has so far affected the progress of the project.2-1-c-n-j-y
Progress in the Project
After the resolution on the Three Gorges Project was adopted in 1992, the State Council immediately started preparations for the project. On December 14, 1994, the Chinese government announced its formal commencement. The construction has proceeded smoothly since then. By the end of 1995, a total investment of 12.4 billion yuan ($ 1.55 billion) was made and 100 million cubic meters of earth and stone on excavation, 1.63 million cubic meters of concrete works and 220,000 square meters of building works had been completed. The implementation of the construction of the project has been executed on or ahead of schedule. All this is preparatory work for the first major goal of the project - the Yangtze River blocking in November 1997 and also for the consequent stage of the operation of the first generator set in 2003 and the completion of the whole project in 2009.www.21-cn-jy.com
The Chinese government and people are confident that, relying mainly on their own efforts and also through international cooperation, they will successfully build up the Three Gorges Project.
帝国大厦
纽约帝国大厦，建于1930年3月，是当时使用材料最轻的建筑，建成于西方经济危机时期，成为美国经济复苏的象征，如今仍然和自由女神一起成为纽约永远的标志。 帝国大厦是一栋超高层的现代化办公大楼，它和自由女神像一起被称为纽约的标志。地上建筑有381米高的帝国大厦，自1931年以来，雄踞世界最高建筑的宝座达40年之久。此大厦在美国经济最萧条，最不景气的时候，以仅仅不到2年的时间建成。 在86楼及102楼有了望台，由于是露天的望台，台上的风力相当大。晴天的时候可远望至100公里远的地方。 一间小办公室月租金 达三千美元 曼哈顿岛上有数千座摩天大楼，但驾车行驶在新泽西州或纽约上州等地，从数十公里外就能看到的庞大建筑群中，最醒目的还是帝国大厦。帝国大厦位于曼哈顿第五大道350号，夹在34大街与33大街之间，记者所住的一大道距离帝国大厦仅数百米之遥，每次路过那里，都会收到路边招揽游客的工作人员发来的宣传小册子。建筑历史学家威里斯说，今天的帝国大厦一方面象征美国工商业文化；另一方面也是纽约，甚至是全美国的永远地标。 记者日前去帝国大厦走了一趟，发现里面的墙壁装饰很有特色，多为来自意大利、法国、比利时、德国的不同颜色的大理石，一楼大厅更是各种艺术品的殿堂。由于帝国大厦处在曼哈顿岛上最繁华的心脏地区，这里的办公用房也是寸土寸金，一间面积20平方米的办公室，月租金高达2500美元至3000美元。正是因为帝国大厦名声显赫，许多金融、旅游、保险等行业的大公司，都在这里租用办公室，一来提高知名度和可信度，二来也显示公司有相当的实力。 在帝国大厦庆祝75岁生日之际，美国的报纸和电视为此做了许多报道，同时也追忆大厦经历过的沧桑。据大厦的工作人员斯科特说，除了经常有人从这里跳楼自杀和发生过几次火灾之外，最严重的一起事故发生在1945年7月28日，一架B25型轰炸机在雾中迷失方向，以每小时320公里的速度撞到大厦北部第79层。大楼在晃动了几下之后，居然没有倒，只是大火从第79层一直蔓延到86层，造成13人死亡和26人受伤。事后花了100万美元才将大厦修复如新。帝国大厦的顶层一直是文艺界喜爱取景的地方，自大厦建成后，共有90多部电影选择这里作为取景点，其中包括《金刚》和《西雅图不眠夜》等经典电影。帝国大厦既是一座多功能的写字楼，同时也是纽约市最著名的旅游景点之一，成千上万的游客每天在这里排队等候电梯登顶观景。 2001年“9·11”事件发生后，人们曾一度担心帝国大厦是否会成为恐怖袭击的下一个目标。不过，在经历了短暂的关闭之后，帝国大厦第86层的观景平台终于重新对公众开放，只不过为了防止有人从这里跳楼，观景台周围的防护铁栏又加固了而已。观景平台位于大楼1050英尺处（约320米），从这里可看到纽约市的全貌。 自1994年以来，帝国大厦已成为青年人到顶层举行婚礼和纽约人庆祝情人节的传统场所。在这里举行过婚礼的人，就能成为帝国大厦俱乐部的成员，每年情人节都可以免费重返帝国大厦。不过，要取得在大厦举行婚礼的资格并不容易，新人要写信给帝国大厦，描述他们为什么要在大厦举行婚礼，之后大厦根据申请人的情况和是否有原创性等条件，挑选出最佳人选。另外，从1978年起，每年人们都要在这里举行一次爬楼梯比赛。参加者从第一层登至86层，共1574个阶梯。 每年春节 大厦点亮彩灯装饰 为了招徕游客，帝国大厦花样不断翻新，酒吧、夜总会样样俱全。为了充分利用大厦内的每一寸空间，大厦内的博物馆还举办各种展览，今年秋季，一个卡通博物馆将开张，来自世界上50多个国家的20万件卡通作品将与观众见面。 自1964年起，大厦上面30层的外表全部用彩灯装饰，通宵闪亮。大厦上的第一盏灯原是一架探照灯，当年安装的目的是让80公里外的公众能知道罗斯福当选为总统。1956年，被称为自由之光的旋转灯安装到大厦顶部。 1984年，自动变色灯装上了大厦顶层，灯光的表现力更加丰富多彩。由于纽约华人华侨众多，从2001年开始，帝国大厦每年都会在中国春节期间，每晚点亮象征吉祥的红、黄两色彩灯。一位家住曼哈顿并见证过帝国大厦沧桑的老人告诉记者，不论是白天还是黑夜，也不论是从哪个角度看，帝国大厦在人们心目中的份量永远是沉甸甸的。 帝国大厦20世纪世界建筑业的一项卓越成就。上世纪初是美国的“镀金时代”，有钱人以大兴土木、修建豪华住宅，甚至把水龙头、浴池、马桶都镀上黄金为荣。到了30年代，美国经济处于大萧条时期，富豪们仍热衷于修建摩天大楼。巨富拉斯科布决意修建一座世界最高的大厦。他找到著名的建筑师拉姆问：“大楼能盖多高？”拉姆沉思片刻回答说：“1050英尺”。 拉斯科布对这个高度很不满意，因为这比当时新建成的克莱斯勒大厦仅高4英尺。于是建筑师设法增加了一节200英尺高的圆塔，使大厦高度达到了1250英尺。参与建筑的3400人，大多是移民和几百名印地安工人。这座102层高的大厦只用410天就建成了，可算是建筑史上的一大奇迹。由于没有先例可鉴，设计十分谨慎，因此大厦的安全系数非常高，本来只需用3公分厚钢材的地方，都选用了25公分厚。1931年5月1日，帝国大厦正式建成，大厦共102层，高381米，加上后来修建的电视塔共高448米，成为当时世界上最高的建筑。曼哈顿岛的地基非常好，再加上帝国大厦由花岗岩、印第安纳砂石、钢铁、铝材等建成，大厦显得非常坚固。在很长一段时间里，帝国大厦一直是世界最高建筑。直到1973年世贸中心和1974年芝加哥西尔斯大厦建成，它才退居第四。目前，帝国大厦是全世界第九高的大楼，参观过帝国大厦的著名人士包括英国前首相丘吉尔、英国伊莉莎白二世女王、古巴总统卡斯特罗、苏联已故总理赫鲁晓夫。 帝国大厦拥有许多世界之最：在建筑史上创每周修建4层半楼的纪录；每天参加施工的人员高达4000人，全部工作量超过700万工时；共使用6万吨钢、1000万块砖、80万公里长的电缆与电线、192公里长的管道；1600公里长的电话电缆；6500扇窗户；1860阶台阶；安装了73部电梯、电梯速度高达每分钟427米。帝国大厦占地面积为2.66公顷，当时全部造价4100万美元，后来的维修费用累计为6700万美元。 410天建起帝国大厦 2006年5月1日，美国纽约的帝国大厦度过了它的75岁“生日”，当天晚上，镶嵌在大厦顶部五颜六色的彩灯，照耀着曼哈顿岛的夜空。虽然帝国大厦早已失去全球最高大楼的美誉，但在很多人心目中，它的崇高地位是无可取代的，因为这座充满传奇的建筑物见证了美国的兴衰。
Introduction of the Great Wall
The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon, is one of the great wonders of the world.
　Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
　　Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC——1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.21教育网
　　The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.21世纪教育网版权所有
　　The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.
　　A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night. Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.
　　There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
　　Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)21cnjy.com
　　Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.
　　Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.21·cn·jy·com
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
长江三峡
长江三峡，是中国第一大河流——长江上最神奇、最壮观的一段峡谷。它由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡三段峡谷组成，西起巍巍巴山脚下的重庆市奉节县的白帝城，东至湖北省宜昌市的南津关，全长193公里，其中峡谷段90公里。
　　三峡地貌奇特，风光旖旎，人文名胜驰名古今，是中国十大风景名胜之一，也是世界著名的风景区。千万年来，长江三峡向世人展示着它那万古不朽的风姿。今天，由于地球上最大的水电站正在三峡中兴建，长江干流在三峡中被截流后，水位最大提高110米，达到海拔175米。三峡中的部分人文景观和自然景观将被淹没，同时，也将产生一批新的景观。21世纪教育网版权所有
　　瞿塘峡亦称夔峡，西起奉节县的白帝城，东至巫山县的大溪镇，全长8公里，以其雄伟壮观著称。
　　巫峡自巫山县城东的大宁河口起，到湖北省巴东县的官渡口止，全长46公里，以幽深秀丽擅奇天下。巫峡分东西两段，西段由金盔银甲峡、箭穿峡组成，东段由铁棺峡、门扇峡组成。峡中多云雾，古人留下了“曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云”的千古绝唱。21cnjy.com
　　西陵峡西自宜昌市秭归县的香溪口，东到宜昌城头的南津关，全长66公里。由庙南宽谷把它分割成东西两段峡谷，依次为兵书宝剑峡、牛肝马肺峡、崆岭峡、灯影峡、黄猫峡等，峡内多险滩急流。2·1·c·n·j·y
　　长江三峡工程位于西陵峡内，于1994年12月14日正式动工兴建。工程采用“一级开发，一次建成。分期蓄水，连续移民”方案。大坝为混凝土重力坝，坝顶总长3,035米，坝顶高程185米，正常蓄水位175米，总库容393亿立方米，其中防洪库容221.5亿立方米。每秒排沙流量为2,460立方米，排沙孔分散布置于混凝土重力坝段和电站底部。泄洪坝段每秒泄洪能力为11万立方米。水电站厂房位于泄洪坝段左、右两侧，共装机26台，单机容量70万千瓦，总容量1,820万千瓦，年均发电量847亿度。左岸的通航建筑物，年单向通过能力5,000万吨。双线五级船闸，可通过万吨级船队；单线一级垂直升船机，可快速通过3,000吨级的客货轮。工程竣工后，将发挥防洪、发电、航运、养殖、旅游、保护生态、净化环境、开发性移民、南水北调、供水灌溉等十大效益，是世界上任何巨型电站都无法比拟的！21·cn·jy·com
　　三峡大坝坝址位于西陵峡口宜昌市三斗坪西的中堡岛上。为了进一步开发长江水利资源，这里正建造超巨型的三峡水利枢纽工程。大坝建成后，可以蓄水、拦洪、泄洪、发电、灌溉。大坝1997年截流。1998-2003年永久性通航建筑物开始启用。201O年右岸大坝和电站施工及全部机组安装完成，并投入运营。　　小三峡在巫山县大宁河上，由龙门峡、铁棺峡和滴翠峡组成，南起巫山县，北止大昌古城，全长约六十公里。峡内水清流急，绝壁摩天，乘柳叶舟游览，其乐无穷。www.21-cn-jy.com
　　小三峡主要景点：龙门峡长三公里，峡口两岸峭壁高耸入云，有"小夔门"之称，河东岩壁上有"龙门泉"汩汩流入河中，河西绝壁上有古栈道的遗迹-石孔；铁棺峡长十公里，两岸怪石嶙峋，有"龙进、虎出、马归山"之说，河东岸离水面四五米高的的绝壁石缝中有一黑色悬棺，"铁棺峡"一名即是由此而来；滴翠峡长二十公里，有"赤壁摩天"、"红屏翠莲"等景。　　石宝寨是一耸立江边的方型巨石，四周陡峭，高十余丈，石顶有一寺，依石建有11层木质塔型楼梯，可从中回旋上大顶部。 21教育网
石宝寨由寨门、塞身楼亭和塞顶古刹三部分组成，始建于清康熙年间，已有三百余年历史。
寨门为一砖石结构建筑，从长江岸边到山顶，楼亭共有十一层，三面四角，仿如垂直悬空的辉煌宫殿。每层飞檐高耸，从下而上逐层缩小，木石相衔，层层联结，其内有一条迂回曲折的旋梯相通，可达"柑宇凌霄"。亭内石壁上，有许多不同时代的碑刻和题咏，整座建筑外形壮观，全部用木结构，高56米。山顶为一平坦石坝，上有古庙，碧瓦朱檐，分前殿、正殿和后殿。
　　张飞庙依山取势，背卧葱茏古木，俯临浩浩长江，侧伴飞泉幽潭，素有"巴蜀一胜境"之誉。主要建筑有纪念刘备、关羽、张飞桃园三结义的结义楼，祭祀张飞的正殿，寄托张飞对关羽思念的望云轩，以及纪念传说中的张飞神灵为上下舟船助风的三十里的助风阁等。另外，唐代大诗人杜甫曾在云阳客居，写了许多以杜鹃和明月为题的诗篇，所以又在这里修了纪念杜甫的杜鹃亭和得月亭。　
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
?????? 定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。这两种定语从句主要有以下几个方面的区别：21世纪教育网版权所有
一、形式不同
?????? 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，通常用逗号隔开。www.21-cn-jy.com
二、作用不同
?????? 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句意的不完整；非限制性定语从句对先行词起得是松散的修饰关系，没有限制词义的作用，只是起补充、解释说明或对主句所表达的意义进行评述的作用，如果去掉不会影响句意的完整。如：【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity.
The driver, who was very young, had only just got his licence.
在第一句中，如果省去定语从句who discovered the nature of electricity，主句的意义就不完整了；在第二句中，如果省去who was very young，主句的意义仍然完整、明确。21cnjy.com
三、先行词不同
?????? 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
Things then improved, which surprised me. （先行词为整个主句）
四、关系词不同
?????? 限制性定语从句可以由that, why引导，而非限制性定语从句通常不用它们引导；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中通常不能省略。如：21教育网
There were very few passengers that / who had escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.
Have you found the book (that / which) you want?
【温馨提示】
1. 有时同一个定语从句，可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的，但意义不同。前者在语义上有“涉他性”，而后者有“唯一性”。如： 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
He has a daughter who works in a hospital. （可能还有别的不在医院工作的女儿）
He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. ?（只有这一个女儿）
2. 非限制性定语从句就其意义上来说，往往相当于一个并列或独立的句子。如：
Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.
=Mr. Zhang is an old friend of mine, and he came to see me yesterday.
3. 同一个先行词后跟有两个并列的限制性定语从句时，引导它们的关系词通常都不能省略，且两个从句需用and连接。如：21·cn·jy·com
This practice book is aimed at foreign students of the arts who have mastered the basics of English and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their own subjects.21·世纪*教育网
4. 限制性定语从句不能修饰专有名词，而非限制性定语从句既可以修饰普通名词，也可以修饰专有名词。如：2-1-c-n-j-y
Mrs. Jensen, who lives next door, is a manager.
【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. 站在门旁的那个人是谁？
________________________________________
2. 我祖父，已年过80，仍然喜欢高尔夫球。
________________________________________
3. 我们班有50名学生，其中三人来自北京。
________________________________________
4. 就在我们最需要帮助时，他来了。
________________________________________
?
答案
【即学即练】
1. Who is the person that is standing by the door?2·1·c·n·j·y
2. My grandfather, who is over eighty, still enjoys golf.www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. In our class there are 50 students, three of whom are from Beijing.
4. He came at a time when we were badly in need of help.　　21*cnjy*com
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS，Book 3 Module 6
请和你的同学一起认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1.【原句】The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China. (P53)21世纪教育网版权所有
【译文】自修筑长城和开凿大运河以来，中国最大的建筑工程——三峡大坝，是为控制水灾和为中国中部地区提供水力发电而建的。21教育网
【分析】这是一个主从复合句。主句的主干为：主语（The Three Gorges Dam）+谓语（has been built）。to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China是动词不定式短语作________状语。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词The Three Gorges Dam的情况，其中的since ... Canal是介词短语作________状语。21cnjy.com
【仿写】这座大桥在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，它是自中华人民共和国成立以来最长的一座桥梁。
__________________________________________________________
2.【原句】The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution. (P53)21·cn·jy·com
【译文】大坝将要生产相当于燃烧4,000万吨煤所产生的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。
【分析】这是一个________句。equal to about 40 million tons of coal是形容词短语作定语，修饰electricity。介词短语without ... pollution在句中作________状语，其中的without是介词，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作其宾语。
【仿写】上周这个地区曾发生过一次小地震，但并未造成任何损失。
__________________________________________________________
?
答案
1. 【分析】目的；时间
【仿写】 The great bridge, which is the longest bridge since the founding of the People's Republic of China, plays an important role in people's life.
2. 【分析】 简单；结果
【仿写】 Last week a small earthquake struck this area without causing any damage.
如何写关于今昔对比的电子邮件
【写作任务】
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆发来邮件说他想了解一下你家乡的变化。请你根据所给提示信息，用英语给他回一封邮件。2·1·c·n·j·y
以前
现在
唯一通往村子的路是一条狭窄的山路；
2. 村里大部分房屋都建于上世纪，破旧不堪；
3. 村前的小河污染严重。
1. 新建了一条宽阔的柏油路（blacktop）；
2. 新建了一排排漂亮的楼房；
3. 小河的污染得到了控制，并建成了美丽的水上公园。
注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。21cnjy.com
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your email. I’m writing to tell you something about the changes in my hometown.21世纪教育网版权所有
______________________________________________________________________________www-2-1-cnjy-com
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
1. 审题定调：
本篇短文格式为电子邮件。电子邮件的写法和格式请参照第1期GUIDED WRITING。邮件正文部分描述家乡的变化，属于对比性说明文，可以从家乡的道路、房屋、周围环境等方面入手进行描写，比较的方法可采用集中比较或逐点比较。2-1-c-n-j-y
2. 确定主体内容：
正文部分可分为三部分：
第一部分：表明写邮件的目的（已经给出）。
第二部分：对比家乡过去和现在的变化。
第三部分：结尾（客套话）。
3. 确定人称、时态：
人称用第三人称单数；描写过去的情况用过去时态，描写现在的情况用现在完成时或一般现在时。
4. 核定表达：
◆常用词汇：
道路：narrow, wide, busy, quiet, rough, uneven, rocky, broad, ...
房屋：old, modern, high-rise, huge, damaged, shabby (破旧的), bright, spacious (宽敞的), ...21教育网
周围环境：dirty? / polluted? / fresh air, magnificent, lifeless market, ...
【范文展示】
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your email. I’m writing to tell you something about the changes in my hometown.www.21-cn-jy.com
In the past, 1. _________________________? (唯一通往村子的路是一条狭窄的山路), but now, a wide blacktop has been built. Most of the houses which were old and damaged were built in the last century.? 2. _________________________? (现在新建了一排排漂亮的楼房) to take their place. There is also a small river in front of my village,? 3. _________________________ (小河过去污染严重). At present the pollution is under control and a beautiful water park has been built there. It has become a popular entertainment place for the villagers.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4. _________________________? (我期待你来参观我的家乡)!
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Yours,?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Li Hua
答案
【范文展示】
1. the only approach to my village was a narrow mountain road21·cn·jy·com
2. Now lines of nice buildings have been built
3. which was badly polluted
4. I'm looking forward to your visit to my hometown21·世纪*教育网
考点点拨，narrow
narrow
【用法】narrow可用作形容词，意为“窄的，狭隘的，勉强的，范围小的”；也可用作动词，意为“（使）变窄，缩小，眯上（眼睛）”。如：
The gate is too narrow for a car; we’ll have to walk through.21世纪教育网版权所有
She has a very narrow view of the world.
I had a narrow escape from death.
The secret is known to a narrow group of people.
In order to widen the road they had to narrow the pavement.21教育网
In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.21cnjy.com
【考例】Parents and children should communicate more to _____ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. (天津2012)21·cn·jy·com
A. open??????????? ????????? B. narrow?????????
C. widen ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. leave
【点拨】句意：父母和孩子应该多沟通交流，缩小（narrow）彼此之间的代沟。
?