Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China 模块精品备课

课件31张PPT。Module 5Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancien ChinaCultural Corner
& WritingThe Industrial RevolutionRead the passage and answer these questions:1. What changes happened with the Industrial Revolution?Farming life became industrial; mass production was possible; people moved to the cities; the steam engine were invented.Open.2. What do you know about the
development of industry in China?Fill in the form with some information about the First Industrial Revolution. time:In the second half of the 18th centuryIn EuropePlace:Steam engineFarming life became industrial;
mass production was possible;
People moved to the cities;
the steam engine were invented.Changes:Symbol:Result:Factory owners became more powerful than land owners; Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city;
factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions19世纪后期
重要的社会变革
工业革命
直到那时
由于, 因为短语翻译in the late 19th centuryimportant changes in societythe Industrial Revolutionuntil then because of 例如, 诸如
起初, 开始
成千上万的
第一次
最后such as at first thousands of for the first time in conclusionRead the passage about the advantages and disadvantages of car, and match the essay paragraphs with these descriptions. WritingThis paragraph gives the argument against cars.
B. The conclusion: this gives the writer’s final opinion.
C. This paragraph gives the argument for cars.
D. The introduction: this gives some general facts about the subject. Para 3Para 4Para 2Para 12. How many disadvantages are
described?1. How many advantages are described?Read the essay again. Answer these questions.Three.Two.In conclusion.3. What phrase does the writer use to
start the last paragraph? Write an essay on this subject“The Advantages and Disadvantages
of Television”couch potato Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of television.1. Help us know about the world.
2. Help us learn about latest news
including weather report and some
current affairs.3. Offer a form of self-entertainment to
kill the time.
4. It is a kind of educational tool for us
to learn about some subject, such as
English, Chinese, Geography and so
on.1. Watching TV for a long time is bad for
our eyes.
2. It has a bad effect on our studies and
life if we are addicted to it.
It is a waste of time watching TV.
It makes you stay away from your
friends.The advantages and
disadvantages of television
Para1: Televisions were first
used …, and …, but today…
Para2: Televisions have great
advantages:…, besides, …
What’s more….Para3: But televisions also have great
disadvantages: not only… but
also…, What’s worse, …
Para4: In conclusion/In a word, I think
that television…Sample passageThe advantages and
disadvantages of television
The television was invented by a Scotsman called John Logie Baird in the first part of the 20th century, however, they didn’t come into widespread use until after World War II. These days almost everybody has a television, except in the remotest parts of some developing countries, and many western homes have a TV in every room!
Television can be wonderful, if used correctly.You can keep up to date with what is going on in the world, learn about history, nature, geography and science in the comfort of your own home. It is a marvellous educational tool. It also provides entertainment in the form of films, plays, shows and soaps which appeal to a wide range of viewers. It is also a very good companion for people who live alone or are ill. However, there are also serious disadvantages to the TV. It makes people become very passive-they get all their experience of life second-hand instead of doing it themselves. It prevents people reading and talking. Much of what shown is complete waste of time. In conclusion, I think that, used correctly, TV can be very useful thing to have in the home, but used badly, it has a very negative effect on people.Writing about a famous person from ancient China.
1. Think of someone you would like to
write about. Make notes about the
important events in his life.2. Look at Philosophers of Ancient
China for useful expressions.
3. Write two or three paragraphs
about this person.Thank you!课件43张PPT。Module 5Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancien ChinaGrammar
Attributive ClauseThe Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句定语从句1. 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词, 起定语作用。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的关系词。限制性定语从句指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因 who, whom, that
which, that
whose, of which
where
when
why关系代词关系副词that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省。）
1) A plane is a machine that can fly.
A plane is a machine which can fly.
2) Who was hurt in the accident that
happened yesterday?
Who was hurt in the accident which
happened yesterday?2. which指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。
作主语不可省略; 作宾语可以省略。
(which与that指物时可以互相代替，
that 更常见。)1) His father works in a factory that
makes TV sets.
His father works in a factory which
makes TV sets.2) The film that we saw last night was
very wonderful.
The film which we saw last night was
very wonderful.3. who 指人(即它的先行词必须是人), 从句中作主语或宾语。whom是宾格, 只能作宾语。(that有时也指人, 代替who, whom，可作主语或宾语。)1) The girls who weren’t badly hurt in
the accident are my classmates.
The girls that weren’t badly hurt in
the accident are my classmates.2) He knew the teacher who we met
yesterday.
He knew the teacher whom we met
yesterday.4. whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可
以代人也可以代物。
1) I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen.
I saw a woman whose bag was
stolen.2) Please show me the book. Its cover is
red.
Please show me the book whose cover
is red.
3) I’ll call a person. His father knows
you.
I’ll call a person whose father knows
you.关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时, 介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(在末尾时, 关系词可以省略)e.g. This is the hero (whom) we are proud of.
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
This is the hero (that) we are proud of.She is the girl whom I went with
there.
She is the girl with whom I went
there.
She is the girl that I went with there.The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big.
The room in which I live is very big.
The room where I live is very big.注意:
固定动介词组不可分割, 介词不
能提前。e.g. look after, look at …when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。 　e.g. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　关系代词前介词(介词＋which)的确定：
1. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关
系。
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭
配。
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。1. who follows a word referring to _____.
(a) a person (b) a thing
2. which follows a word referring to
_____.
(a) a thing (b) a personExercises(a)(a)Look at the sentences in activity 1 again. Choose the right answer.3. Instead of which you can say ___.
(a) who (b) that
4. where follows a word that refers to ___.
(a) place (b) time
5. when follows a word that refers to ___.
(a) place (b) time
6. whose means ___.
(a) of whom (b) who(a)(a)(b)(b)A where there were lots
of new ideas
B which Mencius gave.
C whose ideas were
very influential
D who lived an unusual
life.
E when there was a lot
of war. 1. Confucius lived in a century
2. Ancient China was a country
3. Some rulers followed the advice
4. Philosophers were people
5. Mozi was a manMatch the two parts of the sentences.Complete each sentence with one of
these words. 1. Mencius wrote a book ______ many people have read.
2. Mencius came from a part of the world _____ change was happening fast. whichwhere who which when where whose3. This was a period _____ many people became interested in Confucius’s teachings.
4. Mozi was a man ______ behavior was often unusual.
5. Mozi was a teacher ______ principles were different from those of Confucius. whose whenwhose 6. It was a time _____ philosophers could have positions in governments.
7. He came from an area _____ people were very poor. wherewhenMatch sentences 1-4 with sentences A-D.1. For example, it is the country in
which silk was first invented.
2. He is a man of whom China can be
proud.
3. The book in which printing was first
used was called The Diamond Sutra.A. Su Song was an eleventh-century
monk who(m) very little is known
about.
B. The book which printing first
appeared in was called The
Diamond Sutra.4. Su Song was an eleventh-century
monk about whom very little is
known.1: C 2: D 3: B 4: AC. For example, it is the country which
silk was first invented in.
D. He is a man who(m) China can be
proud of.Rewrite these sentences as in the
examples in activity 1.1. The man who(m) I am thinking of
invented the first real clock.The man of whom I am thinking
invented the first real clock.2. These are the leaves which silk is
made from.These are the leaves from which silk is made.3. He is a person who(m) everyone has
heard of.He is a person of whom everyone has heard.This is the house in which the inventor lived.4. This is the house which the inventor
lived in.1. We’re in the region. Printing was first invented in this region.Connect these sentences using the
given phrases. of which at which to whom
of whom in which We’re in the region in which printing was first invented.2. It is an invention. He is very proud of this invention. It is an invention of which he is very proud.He is a man of whom I’m afraid because he has invented something dangerous.3. He is a man. I am afraid of this man
because he has invented something
dangerous. Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?4. The machine is very old. You are
looking at that machine. The machine at which you’re looking is very old. 5. Is that the inventor? You were
talking to him. 1. When I arrived, Bryan took me to
see the house ____ I would be staying.
(2013全国)
A. which B. where
C. what D. when高考链接B2. Many countries are now setting up national parks ____ animals and plants can be protected. (2013北京)
A. when B. which
C. whose D. where D3. Finally he reached a lonely island ____ was completely cut off from the outside world. (2013山东)
A. when B. where
C. which D. whomC4. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and viewing platform ____ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. (2013浙江)
A. what B. where
C. when D. whyB5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected. (2013福建)
A. whose B. that
C. who D. which AFinish the exercises 1-3 on
page 91.课件41张PPT。Module 5Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancient ChinaIntroduction and ReadingEnjoy the song.Can you guess the meaning ?1. To have friends come from far away – isn’t that a joy?2. Treat others in the way you want to be treated.有朋自远方来, 不亦乐乎?己所不欲, 勿施于人。3. Exploring the old and deducing (推论) the new makes a teacher. 温故而知新, 可以为师矣。equal importance look after philosopher philosophy ruler state teachings thinker treat warCheck the meaning of these words. Now use some of the words to complete the gaps. You may need to change the words in some way. In ancient China, private teachers traveled from state to s____ explaining their p_________.tatehilosophyConfucius was the most important of the ancient Chinese p__________. Confucius’s t________ influenced society for more than 2,000 years. Other important t______ included Mencius and Mozi. hilosopherseachingshinkersAll three teachers believed in the i_________ of kindness and good government. Mencius’s ideas were very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozi’s t_______ were very different. For example, he hated the idea of w__ and believed that strong people should l________ weaker people. mportanceeachingsarook after1. Man is born good. □
2. All human beings are equal. □
3. The family is important. We are members of a group. □Read these sentences and tick the ideas that Confucius taught.4. Treat others in the way you want to be
treated. □
5. People are more important than rulers.
□
6. We should love all human beings. □DiscussionSay something more about Confucius, Mencius and Mozi.Great PeopleConfucius 孔子(前551～前479)名丘,字仲尼。
春秋后期伟大的思想家、教育家, 儒家的创始人。鲁国人。提出了“仁”的思想, 是中国古代著名的思想家和教育家。The family is important. We are members of a group. Treat others in the way you want to be treated.家天下。己所不欲, 勿施于人。孟子(前372—前289)名轲,战国中期鲁国邹人。受业于子思 (孔子之孙，名) 之门人,曾游历于宋、滕、魏、齐等国，阐述他的政治主张，还曾在齐为卿。晚年退而著书，传世有《孟子》七篇。是战国中期儒家的代表。Mencius People are more important than rulers.Man is born good.民为贵 君为轻。人性本善。Mozi 墨翟(公元前468—376),人们尊称墨子。他是战国初年的鲁国人,大约生于公元前468年,死于公元前376年。All human beings are equal.We should love all human beings.众生平等。兼爱。ReadingRead philosophers of Ancient China and match the words with the definitions.order bring up found (v) principle beliefan idea that influences the way you behave ________principlePre-reading2. to start an organization or philosophy ______
3. the feeling that something is true and exists ______
4. when people obey laws and rules and do not cause trouble ______
5. to look after children until they are adults _______foundbelieforderbring upRead the passage.What’s main idea of the passage?A. The author wants to make people believe in
the teachings by thinkers of ancient.
B. The author wants to introduce three
influential philosophers of ancient China.
C. The author wants to tell interesting stories
about three important teachers in ancient
China.
D. The author wants to show the history of
philosophy in ancient China.1. The Chinese people ___ for over 2,000 years.
A. followed Confucius’s teachings
B. followed Mencius’s teachingsASkimmingRead the passage again. Choose the correct answers.2. Mencius believed that people are
___ important than rulers.
A. less B. more
3. Mohism began _____.
A. 476 BC B. by MoziBB4. Mozi did not agree with _____.
A. kindness B. war
5. Mencius had important government positions, ______.
A. but Mozi did not
B. and so did MoziBA6. Confucius stressed the importance of the following aspects except _____.
A. kindness B. friendship
C. order D. duty
7. “If the government was kind, then people would be good.” is the teaching of ______. A. Mencius B. Confucius C. Mozi D. XunziBA8. Which shows the right order of time when the three great thinkers lived? A. Confucius– Mencius – Mozi
B. Mencius – Mozi – Confucius C. Confucius – Mozi – Mencius D. Mozi – Mencius – Confucius1. States were often at peace with each other in ancient China.
2. Confucius’ ideas have the greatest influence on China.
3. Mencius resigned from the government, because the first ruler didn’t respect him.TFwarFfollow his adviceTrue or False.4. Mencius spent all his life preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.
5. Mozi’s beliefs were the same as those of Confucius.
6. Mencius is the oldest among the three.FFFhis last years similar toConfuciusConfucius551BCkindnessdutyorderRead the passage again, then fill in the chart with proper information according to the passage.Mencius372his motherpositiongovernment resignedMenciuskindPeoplerulerscruel governmentMenciusMozi476 BC Governmentequalhuman beingswarFind the words and phrases in the passage that match these definitions. 1. gave a lot of importance to _______
2. job _______
3. doing what he suggested
_______________________stressedpositionfollowing someone’s advicePost-reading4. tell your employer that you are going to leave your job ______
5. someone who gives advice ________
6. having a lot of influence __________influentialadviserresignWhat is the contemporary value of the three philosophers’ ideas?ThinkingWhat have you learnt from this passage?1. Grasp the new vocabulary and
phrases that we mentioned on
this lesson.
2. Finish the exercises 4-6 on page
92.Thank you!课件43张PPT。Module 5Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancien ChinaLanguage points He stressed the importance of kindness,
duty and order in society.
他强调了仁爱，责任和社会秩序的重要
性。
e.g. I can’t bear the stresses and strains of
modern life.
我不能忍受现代生活的压力和紧张。You can try putting stress on other
parts of your body.
你可以尝试让身体其他部位受力。
She lay great stress on proper behavior.
她很强调行为端正。In the word “mother”, the stress is on
the first syllable.
“mother”一词的重音在第一个音节上。
The English teacher stressed the
importance of reading aloud.
英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。【归纳】
stress n. 精神压力; 物理压力; 强调, 重要性;
重音, 重读
vt. 强调, 着重
【链接】
stressed adj. 焦虑不安; 心力交瘁
stressful adj. 压力重的; 紧张的1. For this purpose, schools should
stress the training of humanities.
2. Susan was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations.强调压力Look at the following sentences.3. He feels that there is not enough
stress on safety at this school.
4. Stress is shown in this dictionary
by the sign “’”.重音强调2. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.
然而，当他看到统治者不釆纳他的意见时，就辞去了官职。
resign v. 辞职; 辞去(某职务); 只好接受(常用于resign oneself to sth. / doing sth.)。e.g. The simplest thing for him is to
resign at once.
对他来说, 最简单的做法就是立即
辞职。
I hear that she resigned from school
last week.
我听说她上周从学校辞职了。I have no idea why he resigned his post.
我不知道他为何辞去他的职务。
It seemed that he quite resigned himself to his fate.
他似乎相当听天由命。
We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale.
我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。【链接】
resigned adj. 逆来顺受的; 顺从的
resignation n. 辞职; 辞呈; 顺从1. 汤姆厌倦了目前的工作, 所以他决定辞职。Tom felt tired of the present job, so he has decided to resign. Translation：2. 他所有的努力都付诸东流了, 现在他不得不听天由命。He failed all his attempts and now he has to resign himself to his fate. Para. 1:at war withit is/was a time whenstress the importance ofbe influenced byImportant phrases2. 是一段……的时间3. 强调……的重要性4. 受……影响1. 同…… 处于战争状态be similar tobring uptravel from state to statean adviser to the rulertake/follow one’s advicePara. 2:1. 与……相似2. 抚养, 培育3. 听从某人建议4. 周游列国5. 统治者的军师, 谋士be born inbe famous forin some waysas a resultlook after1. 出生于Para. 3:2. 因…… 而闻名3. 在某些方面/某种程度上4. 结果5. 照顾, 照料… and he was brought up by his mother.
……母亲把他抚养成人。
e.g. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她出生后不久父母双亡, 是由姑母抚养大的。Expressions studyThe children were brought up to respect traffic regulations.
孩子们从小就被教导要遵守交通规则。
I hope you won’t mind me bringing this up again at the meeting.
我希望你不会介意我在会上再次提出这个问题。The child brought up everything in the morning.
小孩早上把所有吃的东西都吐了。Translation.Please bring up this point at the next meeting.The way the westerners bring up their children is worth studying.1. 请把这一点在下次会议上提出来。2. 西方国家对孩子的教育方法值得
我们借鉴。【即学即练】3. 我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。I’d like to bring up my child in healthy environment.1. Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius. 孟子是一位思想家, 他的学说与孔子的学说极其相似。Sentence study此句中that 用来替代前文中的teachings。
that替代同名异物可数名词单数或不可数名词, 相当于the +名词, 表特指。
one 替代同名异物可数名词单数, 其
复数为ones。
those 替代同名异物可数名词复数, 可与the ones 换用。
it 替代同名同物名词, 不能带修饰语。 ① – Is this school ______ you visited a
few years ago?
– Yes, but it isn’t ____ it used to be.
A. the one, that B. one, that
C. that, the one D. the one, the one–这是你几年前参观过的那所学校吗?
–是的, 但是它不再是曾经的样子了。 ② The weather here is much better than _____ in my hometown.
A. the one B. what
C. that D. it’s 这里的天气比我家乡的天气好多了。 that 指代上文中提到的the weather, 且表特指。③ Is this book ______ that you read yesterday?
A. a book B. a one
C. one D. the one这是你昨天读过的那本书吗? 其中 the one 代指this book, that 引导了一个定语从句。我们可以这样理解这个句子: This book is the one that you read yesterday.2. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 孟子认为人与动物不同的原因是因为人是善良的。 这是一个比较复杂的复合句。 that the reason why …good是宾语从句, 其中why the man is different from animals 是定语从句, 修饰先行词, 即宾语从句的主语the reason。 that man is good 是表语从句, 作宾语从句的表语。the reason 作先行词时, 定语从句可用why 或 that引导, 但结构不同。
e.g. The reason why he was late was
that he missed the bus.
why 在定语从句中充当状语。
The reason that he gave for his
absence was unbelievable.
that在定语从句中作宾语。Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained这就是他在会议上所解释的工作粗心的理由吗?the reason 后接定语从句。先行词the reason 作explained 的宾语, 省略了关系代词that 或which。3. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
= Mencius considered that rulers were less important than people and he strongly disliked the government when it dealt with people badly.本句是一个复合句。虽然此句较长, 但句子的主体结构是He believed ... and hated ...。
句中的第一个谓语动词believed后跟的是that引导的宾语从句; when在句中引导状语从句; it指代the state。
句意: 他相信老百姓比统治者重要, 并且痛恨那些迫害老百姓的政权。Fill in the blanks.found, resign, stress, believe, influence, advise1. _______ are stepping stones to success
and ideas are the ladders of progress.
2. We are trying to make our newspaper
a(n) __________ one in our country.Beliefs influential Exercises3. The President will take several
________ with him when he goes to
Moscow.
4. He ________ his position because he
had been offered a better job.advisersresigned 5. The Chinese Communist Party was
________ in Shanghai in 1921.
6. Mum ________ that Jacky must be at
home at ten o’clock.foundedstressed1. Though born and brought _____ in
America, he can speak fluent Chinese.
2. The two nations have been _____ war
____ each other for five years.upatwithComplete the sentences.3. He is famous ___ his funny fairy tales,
which are popular all over the world.
4. Here, the word “it” refers ___ a dog
that is very clever.fortoBicycles made in China are cheaper than those made in Japan.Translate the sentences.1. 中国生产的自行车比日本生产的便
宜。 (those)2. 他花了三年多的时间专门画老北京的
胡同。(spend)He spent more than three years (in) drawing specially the Hutongs of the old Beijing. 3. 如果你照医生的建议去做, 一切都会
好的。Everything will go right if you follow the doctor’s advice.课件34张PPT。Module 5Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancien ChinaListening and SpeakingWork in pairs. You will hear a passage about important Chinese inventions. Decide which words you think you will hear.afford bark chemist clock contribution copy discovery farmer invent (v) invention (n) leaf leather material monk paper print printing silk soft spread toothbrushListen to the passage in which five important inventions are described. Write down the dates with the inventions. 3200 BC1092 AD105 AD868 AD1498 AD1. The Chinese did not tell other countries _________________.
2. However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented _______________.
3. However, paper didn’t spread to other countries ___________________.how silk was madethe fist real clock for another 500 yearsListen again. complete these sentences.4. In 1041AD, a chemist called Bi Sheng invented _______________________ ______.
5. This toothbrush could ___________ _______________. a type of print that could move clean teeth quickly and well1. concerned adj. 关心的关心, 挂念就……而言在牵扯到……的时候Words in the listening textas (so) far as … is concerned where … is concerned be concerned about/over /for_________, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.
A. As far as I concerned
B. As far as I am concerned
C. So far as I am concerning
D. So far as I was concerned 2. care about 关心, 在乎
care about
认为某事重要并产生兴趣或忧虑, 常用于疑问句和否定句, 接从句要省略that。
care for
喜欢 (常用在疑问句和否定句) 照顾 He doesn’t _______ this kind of thing.
A. care about B. care for
C. took care of D. care about for SpeakingThink of:
three twentieth-century inventions to do with travel three twentieth-century inventions to do with food and cookingWork in pairs. Explain why you
chose your inventions.Combine your lists, listing the six inventions in each category in order of importance. To do this, you will have to discuss the importance of each invention.Example:
I think fridges are more important than cans because fridges can keep meat fresh.Check the meaning of these words.Vocabulary and speakinga sense of responsibility duty honesty justice kindness love respectWork in pairs. Put the ideas in order of importance in society. Explain your reasons.Example:
I think that … and … are the most important ideas because …Use these expressions to complete the conversations. if so They say (that )… for the first time ever tell the time to give an example Everyday English1. for the first time
e.g. I was not familiar with this place,
I came here for the first time. 我对这个地方不熟悉, 我第一次来这个地方。He was struck by her beauty the first
time he saw her. 他第一次见到她就被她的美貌所吸引了。 for the fist time作状语, 一般位于句末, 单独使用; 而 the first time 则引导从句。 1. A: ____________ you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.
B: ____, then my friend Peter Ling is a bit mad. He’s an inventor. He’s just invented a clock that not only ___________, but also plays a song to wake you up!They say thatIf so tells the time 2. A: The Chinese are very clever people. _________________, they’re much better at math than most westerners.
B: I agree. A Chinese friend of mine explained a difficult maths problem to me, and ___________________ I understood. To give an examplefor the first time ever1. 虽然他很年轻, 但却有很强的责任感。
Young as he is, he has _ ______ _____
__ ____________.
2. 你下周有哪个晚上有空吗? 要是有, 我们
一块吃晚饭吧。
Have you got a free evening next week?
__ __, let’s have dinner together. a strong sense of responsibilityIf soFill in the blanks.3. 据说他并未受过大学教育, 但他看上去
好像学者的样子。
__ __ ____ ____ he had no university
education, but he seems to be a scholar.
4. 许多科学家喜欢音乐。例如, 爱因斯坦
小提琴拉得非常好。
Many scientists like music. ___ ____
__ ________: Einstein played the violin
fairly well.It is said that To give an example5. 这只手表坏了, 不能再报时了。
The watch doesn’t work and it can’t
___ ___ _____ any more.
6. 总之, 相互理解对建立友好关系至关重
要。
__ _____, understanding each other
plays a key role in building a friendly
relationship.tell the timeIn brief1. Mencius believed that the reason why
man is different from animals is that
man is good.FunctionGiving reasonsLook at these sentences. Underline
the words that are the same in both
sentences.2. Often, the reason why people are
unhappy is that they do not have
enough love.Rewrite the sentences.Example: I like reading about ancient China because the philosophy is very interesting.
The reason why I like reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very interesting.1. We remember the ancient
philosophers because their ideas are
important.The reason why we remember the ancient philosophers is that their ideas are important.2. I bought the book because it is
about philosophy.The reason why I bought the book is that it is about philosophy.3. Mencius resigned because the ruler
was not following his advice.The reason why Mencius resigned was that the ruler was not following his advice.4. Mozi hated the idea of war because
he thought people should not kill
each other.The reason why Mozi hated the idea of war was that he thought people should not kill each other.Finish the exercises 10-13 on page 94.Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
I单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
Talk about how to show agreements and disagreements
Learn how to give reasons
Practice talking about agreement and disagreement
Define relative clauses
Talk about important ancient Chinese inventions
II. 目标语言
功
能
句
式
Talk about philosophers and philosophies:
He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
All human beings are equal.
Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
People are more important than rulers.
We should love all human beings.
Practice talking about agreement and disagreement:
That’s exactly my opinion.
You’re quite right I don’t think you are right.
I quite agree with you. I’m afraid I don’t agree / disagree with you. I’m afraid not.
I very much agree with the statement. If you want other people to be kind to you, you must be kind to them.
Do you agree with one’s opinion about philosophies? Why or why not?
What do you think of the philosophers? Give your reasons.
Choose some proverbs about philosophers and philosophies you agree or disagree with and explain why?
Practice giving reasons:
The reason whyＩlike reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very interesting.
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
Often, the reason why people are unhappy is that they don’t have enough love.
词
汇
1 四会词汇
equal, importance, philosopher, philosophy, teaching, thinker, kindness, order, principle, position, stress resign, adviser, influential, love, honesty, justice, bark, contribution, invent, leather, monk, soft, category, inventor, argument, freedom, fuel, condition
2认读词汇
sutra, Confucius, Mencius, Mozi
3 词组
be at war with bring up become interested in in conclusion for the first time
语
法
Define and use relative clauses
Find out the use between where when whose who which of whom and in which
1 Statements
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
He came from a family which was very poor.
2 Questions
How to define relative clauses: of whom and in which.
重点句子
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius.
However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.
For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius.
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
III.教材分析和教材重组
1.教材分析
本单元为话题，旨在通过单元教学使学生通过讨论中国古代哲学，及古代哲学思想，如何发表自己的观点并给出原因等问题，使学生树立正确的哲学观。并针对这些思想，指导学生发表自己的见解和看法，通过进一步讨论掌握发表同意或不同意的句子，及给出理由的句子。并能就哲学家及哲学思想进行评论，对相关哲学思想写出观点明确、论证有力的短文。21世纪教育网版权所有
INTRODUCTION提前布置准备关于哲学与哲学家的信息，课上找同学讲解，从而激发学生对本单元的中心话题产生兴趣；同时也使教师对本单元的授课更具有针对性，从而有效地帮助学生树立正确的哲学观念。
READING AND VOCABULARY 介绍了中国古代的三位伟大哲学家及他们的伟大思想，让学生在阅读中学习哲学，树立正确的社会观，人生观，为日后走向社会作铺垫。课文重点讲解了三位哲学家的生平经历，体现了他们在怀才不遇，屡受挫折的情境下不屈不挠的精神，一直坚持自己的思想和信念，修身养性，从未放弃追求。通过阅读，学生学习了新的词汇，句型，提高了阅读水平,并学习坚持不懈的精神。
GRAMMAR 1 & GRAMMAR 2 学习并灵活运用由when, where, whose, who 和which 引导的定语从句. 然后对比由whose, where 和 of whom, in which引导的定语从句的区别. 之后完成workbook中的Grammar练习题。
FUNCTION, VOCABULARY&SPEAKING, PRONUNCIATION, SPEAKING结合表达自己的同意或不同意，学习表达原因，掌握表达原因的句型并熟练使用。注意句子中连读。了解并介绍中国古代的伟大发明，培养爱国主义思想。
LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 让学生通过听一段关于介绍古代中国重要发明的文章来练习学生的听力能力,并且完成相关的练习题。
CULTURAL CORNER ,READIGN (II) 了解十八世纪的工业革命，及工业革命中出现的发明，了解外国的伟大发明，鼓励学生完善自身的同时，多向别人学习。
Reading II 中介绍古希腊的伟大哲学家及他们的思想，了解他们的生平，学习他们的敢于为真理献身，大胆追求真理的精神。
2 教材重组
2.1 口语 将Introduction, Function, Vocabulary and Speaking, Pronunciation及Speaking 放在一起上口语课，学习并掌握表达同意或不同意的句型，进一步学习给出原因，从而更好的表达自己观点。了解句子中的连读。了解介绍中国古代的一些伟大发明。这些部分都需要学生学习并练习表达观点，可以放在一起练习口语【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2.2 精读Reading and Speaking 学习文中内容，介绍了中国古代的三位伟大哲学家，他们的生平经历，主要思想，通过阅读了解他们思想，并从中学习他们不屈不挠，坚持不懈追求理想的精神。可上一堂精读课。
2.3语法可将 Grammar 1 和grammar 2 及Workbook 中的Grammar 练习合为一堂语法
2.4 听力 把Listening and Vocabulary 和Listening and Speaking 合为一堂听力课。
2.5 泛读 包括Cultural corner 及Reading (II)，了解外国的伟大发明及伟大哲学家和哲学思想，课上一堂泛读课，提高阅读水平，拓展知识面。激发热爱科学的兴趣。
2.6 写作
课型设计与课时分配
1st period Vocabulary and Introduction pronunciation Function, Speaking
2nd period Reading I
3rd period Grammer1&2
4th period Listening vocabulary & Everyday English
5th period Reading II
6th period Writing
（以上课时分配与教材重组，仅供参考，教师可因时因地因人而异，不必拘泥于此。）
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Introduction
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a重点词汇和短语
equal, importance, look after, philosophy, philosopher, ruler,teaching, thinker, treat, war, believe，ancient, resign, hate, sense, responsibility, duty, honesty, justice, kindness, love, respect, invention, category
b重点句子
1. All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good government.
2. Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
Often, the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have enough love.
In ancient China, private teachers traveled from state to state explaining their philosophies.
Often, the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have enough love.
The reason why I like reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very interesting.
It was the end of the story.
We agreed to do it.
I don’t know who anybody is.
I think that( and( are the most important ideas because…
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
a. Enable Ss to talk about philosophers and philosophies.
Which philosopher do you know?
What are his philosophies?
Do you agree or disagree with him about these philosophies?
Do you know something about Confucius, Mencius or Mozi?
b. Complete the passage about the three philosophers, and know their teaching thoughts.
c. Enable the students to express their own opinions about the philosophies
d. Enable the students to give reasons
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable Ss to learn how to express agreements /disagreements, to know how to give reasons
How do you express your agreement /disagreement?
How do you give reasons?
Teaching important points教学重点
a. Talk about agreements and disagreements.
What would you say when you agree with others?
What would you say when you disagree with others?
b. Give reasons:
What would you say when you want to give reasons?
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. Express agreements and disagreements.
b. Discuss the sentences that give reasons.
Teaching methods教学方法
Filling in the passages;
Asking-and-answering activity to practice giving reasons;
Individual, pair or group work to finish each task;
Discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A recorder, a computer, and a projector
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Leading in
Showing the pictures of ancient philosophers and let the students guess who they are. If necessary, give the students some information about these famous people.

T: Do you know who they are?
S1: Is the first one Confucius?
S2: Yes, he is Confucius.
S3: The second one is Mencius.
S4: The last one is Mozi.
S5: I know Confucius thought kindness was important.
S6: You’re right! And I know Mozi hated the idea of wars.
T: Very good! You have said much about the philosophers. You did an excellent job. In this module, we will learn more about these philosophers and their philosophies. Now let’s look at the Introduction. .
Step II Introduction
1. Ask some students to read out the words and say their meanings while others are listening.
2. Read the instruction, and let them know what to do.
Then give them two minutes to read and fill in the passage.
Then ask someone to read the passage to check the answers.
3. Ask what else they know about Confucius, Mencius and Mozi.
They should say three things they know about them. If they like, they can work together with their partners. Then ask them to say something about the famous people.
S1: I know Confucius was born in Luguo, which is in Shandong province and is called Qufu now.
S2: Yes, the place now is called Qufu. I know Qufu is a famous place because of him.
S3: He had many students, but only seventy-two of them were famous.
S4: Confucius wrote many great books and said many great words, so he was considered to be one of the greatest persons in the history of China.
T: Terrific. Confucius is really great for his thoughts. But there were many other philosophers. Who can say something about them?
S5: Mencius was born in a place called Zhouguo.
S6: And his teaching was similar to that of Confucius.
S7: Yes, he also wrote many books, one of which was named Mencius.
S8: I know something about Mozi, he was born in Tengguo, and his family was very poor.
S9: Yes, there is a statue of him in his hometown. He thought that strong people should look after weaker people.
S10: He was also thought to be a great philosopher, because he wrote a famous book called Mozi.
T: Good! These are something about the philosophers, but do you know their teachings?
4 Read the instruction of Activity 2, and then ask them to discuss it with their partners.
Then choose one student to tell his answer. The teacher can correct the answer.
Lead them to express agreements and disagreements.
T: I very much agree with statement 4. If you want other people to be kind to you, you must be kind to them. What about you? Which statement do you agree or disagree? Please explain your reasons in one or two sentences. Any volunteer?
S1: I strongly agree with statement 1. I think it is right. When a man is born, he is good. As he grows older, the people and the environment around him may affect him.
S2: I think statement 5 is right. If a ruler wants to continue his rule, he should be kind to his people.
S3: I disagree with statement 6. We should be kind to most people, not including the bad people.
S4: I agree with S3. I also think bad people shouldn’t be treated well.
S5: I don’t think statement 2 is right. In fact, people are not equal. For example, father and son cannot be equal.
T: Well, boys and girls. It doesn’t matter whether you agree or disagree with these statements. You have practiced giving your agreements or disagreements, right? That is what you should pay attention to.
Step III Function ( Giving reasons
1. Look at Activity 1. Let them learn how to give reasons.
Get them to pay attention to the words that are the same in one sentence.
Rewrite the sentences.
Read and explain the example, then give the students some time to rewrite the sentences.
(a few minutes later)
Ask students to read the sentences they have rewritten.
Suggested answers: (the teacher can show the answers on the screen)
1. The reason why I remember the ancient philosophers is that their ideas are important.
2. The reason why I bought the book is that it is about philosophy.
3. The reason why Mencius resigned was that the ruler was not following his advice.
4. The reason why Mozi hated the idea of war was that he thought people should not kill each other.
Step IV Vocabulary and Speaking
1. Ask some students to read the words and phrases. If necessary, ask the whole class to read after the teacher. 21教育名师原创作品
2. Lead to put the ideas in order of importance in society and explain the reasons.
The teacher can give an example, and then give time to practice, then choose several to say.
Step V Pronunciation
Listen to the tape; the students can underline the sound that links the words by themselves.
2. Listen to the first one again, point out the sound, then listen the first one again. Then do the others in the same way.
3. Listen to all the sentences together again, and ask them to follow and repeat the sentences.
Step VI Speaking
1. Get the students to think of three twentieth-century inventions related to transportation, such as plane, car, and bicycle; and three inventions related to food and cooking, such as the use of natural gas, the appearance of steamed-boiled food, fridge.
2. Ask the students to discuss with partners, and they should give reasons to practice giving reasons.21cnjy.com
3. Compare the inventions with others, and make the students list them in order of importance.
Then ask some students to explain the reasons.
T: You should express your ideas, and explain why you list the inventions in that order. For example, I think fridges are more important than cans because fridges can keep meat fresh. Are you clear?
Ss: Yes!
T: Ok! Now try to give us your order and tell us your reasons.
S1: I agree with our teacher. I think fridges are more important, not only because they can keep meat fresh, but also because they can keep many things fresh and dry, just like my favorite between-meal nibbles.
S2: I don’t agree with you, because fridges waste electricity, and they can cause pollution.
S3: S2 is not wrong. But fridges have more advantages than disadvantages. We can go on using them.
T: Good! S3 is right. Everything has two sides. Although fridges have disadvantages, we can improve them and make better use of them, right?
Ss: Yes, it is right!
S4: I think planes are more important than cars. Planes are much faster and comfortable than cars.
S5: I disagree. Planes are faster, but they are not as safe as cars. What is more, they are much more expensive
S6: In my opinion, the invention of bicycles is most important, nowadays, so many people are riding bikes around the world.
S7: I do think the using of natural gas is very important. It makes cooking easy and quick. After a short while, you can eat delicious food. That’s great!
S8: I think the invention of wrapping paper is very important. Because of them, we can buy food in restaurants and take them home for dinners.
Step VI I Homework
Show the following on the screen.
1. Exercises about vocabulary on the workbook
2. Prepare for the reading
3. Prepare for the reading task on Page 49
4. If possible, read some and write down some teachings of Confucius, Mencius or Mozi
The Second Period Reading (I)
Teaching goals 教学目标Reading of Using the language on WB
1 Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
principle, position, stress, resign, adviser, influential, love, follow, belief, found,
b. 重点句子
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius.
However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.
For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius.
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.
As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.
2 Ability goals 能力目标
a. Discuss different ways of showing opinions:
What did Confucius stress?
What did Mencius believe?
What did Mozi consider?
b. Guess the meanings of the words:
Confucian, duty, behavior
c. Discuss the questions about the passage:
What did Confucius stress in society?
Were Mencius’ teaching methods similar to that of Confucius?
What did Mencius believe about people and rulers?
What did Mozi become famous for?
What did he consider about the government?
d. Teach the Ss to imitate, and retell.
3 Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the Ss to get to know about different ways of showing opinions
Teaching important points教学重点
Talk about different ways of showing opinions.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. Discuss the answers to the questions.
b. Teach the Ss to accept and show opinions.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Fast reading;
b. Dealing with comprehension questions;
c. Discussion;
d. Student-centered vocabulary learning;
e. Listening and retelling.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector, a computer, and a recorder
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision: Checking homework
First, the teacher shows the questions about the text and the target language on the screen and ask the Ss to discuss it; then ask some of them to say something about the three philosophers and their teachings, at last get them to practice showing agreements or disagreements and giving reasons. 2·1·c·n·j·y
T: Last class we learned something about the three great philosophers and their teachings, do you remember? In the Introduction, we knew how to show agreements or disagreements. Then we learned to give reasons. Now I’ll give you a couple of minutes to discuss them. Later we will choose three Ss to act as the three philosophers, and the others can ask questions freely.
(Show the question and the target language on the screen.)
If you met Confucius, Mencius and Mozi, you discussed philosophies with them. How would you show your agreements or disagreements? Please give your reasons.

Talk about agreement and disagreement
I think so. I don’t think so
I agree. I don’t agree
That’s correct. Exactly. That’s exactly my opinion.
You’re quite right I don’t think you are right.
I quite agree with you. I’m afraid I don’t agree / disagree with you.
Of course not! I’m afraid not.
T: Are you ready? Now, I’ll ask some of you to give your opinions?
S1: Mr.Confucius, I agree with you. I also think kindness is important.
S2: I agree with you. That’s exactly my opinion.
S3: But I don’t think kindness is important. If one person is too kind, the bad people may bully him.
S4 (Confucius): Maybe you are right. But from the side of the whole society, each one should be kind to others.
S5: Mr.Mencius, do you really think people are more important than rulers?
S6 (Mencius): Of course! I think so. Rulers are just parts of the whole country, people are the majority.
S7: Mr.Mozi, I am afraid I disagree with you. I don’t think government is most important. I think Mr.Mencius’idea is right.
S8 (Mozi): In my opinion, there are so many people in a country, they are free and cannot connect well with each other. So they need a strong government to connect them together and protect them.
T: Well done! I advise you to find some information on the Internet, and then you can discuss more after class. Each one performed well. Good!
Teacher shows the pre-reading work:
Introduce something about the three philosophers using about 100 words.
Notes:
1) Use the third person to introduce them
2) Try to use proper prepositions and conjunctions
3) Make sure of each one’s teachings
Then change the show to some teachings
Kindness, duty and order are important.
He was born in 372 BC.
His mother brought him up.
He thought people are more important than rulers.
He was poor, and was famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.
He considered that government was most important.
T: Now, I’d like you to introduce them according to the chart. Volunteer!
Some possible versions:
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2, 000 years.
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius. He was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He was given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called “The book of Mencius”. He believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He believed that people were more important than rulers.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. He founded the philosophy called Mohism. He considered that government was most important. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. He hated the idea of war.
Step II Lead-in
Show pictures of Confucius, Mencius and Mozi. Show some teachings of them on the screen.
Who are they?
Which teaching thoughts are Confucius’ ideas?
Which teaching thoughts are Mencius’ ideas?
Which teaching thoughts are Mozi’s ideas?
T: This class we will learn more about the three great philosophers. Turn to page 44.
Step III Pre-reading
T: This reading passage is about the three great philosophers. First have a look at the words in Activity1.
Ask someone to read the words, and make sure they can read the words correctly.
If it is necessary, ask them to read after the teacher.
Then give the students some time to match the words with the definitions.
Ask someone to tell his answers. Or the teacher can read the definitions then the class will answer together.
Step IV Fast –reading
Read the text quickly to get the main idea and find proper words and phrases in the passage to match these definitions.
A few minutes later, ask Ss to read out the definitions and the words they find. The teacher corrects them.
Step V Careful-reading
T: Read the text again and carefully, and then decide the statements true or false.
You can make use of the statements in Introduction Activity 2.
A. Confucius’ teachings influenced Chinese society for more than 2, 000. (T)
B. Mencius’ teachings were not similar to that of Confucius.
(F They were similar.)
For many years Mencius traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. ( T )
Mozi believed that people were more important than rulers.
(F Mencius believed so.)
E. Mencius founded the philosophy called Mohism.
(F Mozi founded the philosophy.)
According to the text, fill in the table
Give the students three or five minutes to complete the table together with partners. Then choose one or three to find detail information to fill in, at the same time, the teacher can check.
Birth
The family
Achievements
Teachings
The similarity to Confucianism
Confucius
Mencius
Mozi
Read the passage again; choose the correct answers in Activity 3.
Give three minutes to read for the third time and choose answers individually, and then ask the Ss to tell their answers and read out the sentences that they find to be the basis of their answers.
1- a 2—b 3—b 4—b 5--a
Step VI Post-reading
Listen to the tape, make sure of the pronunciation of the text, then read and try to retell.
For example:
Listen to the first paragraph.
Ask one student to underline some important information about Confucius.
The teacher can lead to find the information and show the information on the screen in the form of fill-in.
Ask to read the information on the screen, and try to repeat.
Choose some to repeat. If it is difficult, the teacher can lead to repeat first.
Ancient China was a place _______ states were often ____ war with each other. But it was also a time ____ there were many great ______. Confucius is the philosopher whose ________ has been the greatest. He _______ the importance of ________, _______ and order in society. Chinese society was ___________ by these ideas for more than 2,000 years
The teacher can give key words of the other two paragraphs to help.
The key words for the second paragraph:
Mencius, thinker, similar to,
brought up, given, position, the ruler, follow, resign,
traveled, principles, spent, book, called,
believed, reason, man, different, from, animals,
people, rulers, hated, state, badly
The key words for the third paragraph:
Mozi, another, influential,
family, famous for
founded, considered, government,
as a result, try ,follow,
love, different from,
taught, look after, weaker, war.
Step VII Language points
Ancient china was a place where states were often at war with each other.
Where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词place.
be at war 处于交战状态
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius.
Whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词thinker.
be similar to 与…类似
For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius.
动名词 teaching 表示伴随，作状语.
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.2-1-c-n-j-y
Why man is different from animals 作同位语修饰 the reason.
He became famous for his unusual clothes and behavior.
become/be famous for 因….. 而著名
Jinan is famous for its springs. 济南因它的泉而著名。
become/be famous as 作为… 而著名
Liang Chao wei is famous as an actor. 梁朝伟作为一个演员而著名。
Step VIII Homework
Read and retell the text.
Finish the Reading on workbook.
Prepare for the language study, reviewing the words they’ve learnt in this unit.
The Third Period Grammar
Teaching goals 教学目标
1 Target language目标语言
a重点词汇和短语
sutra, inventor, argument
b重点句子
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.21教育网
He came from a family which was very poor
2 Ability goals 能力目标
Learn to define relative clauses.
3 Learning ability goals 学能目标
Let the students learn how to define relative clauses.21·cn·jy·com
Teaching important points教学重点
a. Teach the use of relative clauses.
b. The relative clauses: where, when, whose, who, which and the relative clauses: of whom, in which.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
Compare the relative clauses: where, when, whose, who, which and the relative clauses: of whom, in which.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Teach grammar in real situations
b. Learn grammar through practice
Teaching aids教具准备
A blackboard
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework on workbook.
Ask the students to retell the text again.
Step II Preparation
T: An adjective clause is used to describe a noun: A relative clause acts as a clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose). Relative clauses can either be restrictive or nonrestrictive. A restrictive relative clause is essential in order to complete the meaning of the main clause.
Examples: Where is the girl who is going?That's the one that I like best.Is he the one whose house is on fire?
A nonrestrictive relative clause adds definition to the main clause, but is not necessary for meaning. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are set off by commas.Examples: That girl, who is going to the concert, has a green dress.The orange car, which is my favorite, has seating for six.The tuba player, whose house is on fire, just went to band practice.
The desk in the corner, which is covered in books, is mine.?
We don't need this information in order to understand the sentence. "The desk in the corner is mine" is a good sentence on its own -- we still know which desk is referred to. Note that non-defining clauses are usually separated by commas, and that is not usually used in this kind of context.
Step III Grammar 1
T: Now please go through the text to find all the relative clauses in the text and then tell us if they give essential or extra information.
Several minutes later.
S1: Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. It’s a restrictive relative.
S2: But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. It’s a restrictive relative.
S3: Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. It’s a restrictive relative.
S4: Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius. It’s a restrictive relative.www-2-1-cnjy-com
S5: Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is man is good. It’s a restrictive relative.
S6: Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. It’s a restrictive relative.
S7: He came from a family which was very poor. It’s a restrictive relative.
S8: As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. It’s a restrictive relative.
S9: Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than us. It’s a restrictive relative.
T: Very good.
Step IV Explanation
T: A relative pronoun is usually used to introduce an adjective clause. Do you know the use of who, which, where, when and whose? Now look at the activity 2 and tell me your answers.
S1: Who follows a word referring to a person.
S2: Which follows a word referring to a thing.
S3: Instead of which you can say that.
S4: Where follows a word that refers to a place.
S5: When follows a word that refers to time.
S6: Whose means of whom.
T: Excellent work. These main relative pronouns are very important in these sentences, so we should use them skillfully. Can you match the two parts of the sentences by using them?
S1: Confucius lived in a century when there were a lot of wars.
S2: Ancient China was a country where there were a lot of new ideas.
S3: Some rulers followed the advice which Mencius gave.
S4: Philosophers were people whose ideas were very influential.
S5: Mozi was a man who lived an unusual life.
T: Yes, good job.
Summarize:
T: We’d better go on to do another task. When you finish it, you should summarize the uses of who, whom, which, where, when and whose. First complete the sentences individually and then check your answers with your partners. At last I’ll ask you to report your work.　　21*cnjy*com
Teachers go around the class to help the students to do it and correct some mistakes.
S1: Mencius wrote a book which many people have read.
S2: Mencius came from a part of the world where change was happening fast.
S3: This was a period when many people became interested in Confucius’s teaching.
S4: Mozi was a man whose behavior was often unusual.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
S5: Mozi was a teacher whose principle was different from those of Confucius.
S6: It was a time when philosophers could have positions in governments.
S7: He came from an area where people were very poor.
T: Jolly good. I know you have known a lot about the relative clauses. Now can you give me a summary?
Ss: Yes. We use relative clauses and relative pronouns like who, which, where to introduce them in order to identify people and things or to give more information about them. The main relative pronouns are: Which is used for things and animals in subject or object position; Who is used for humans in subject position; Whom is used for humans in object position; That is used for humans, animals and things, in subject or object position; whose is used for humans’ or animals’ in attribute position.
Step V Grammar 2
T: Please turn your book to Page 47 Activity 1. Match the sentences in the two groups, which have the same meanings and see what differences between them.
S1: The first sentence can be replaced by C.
S2: The second sentence can be replaced by D.
S3: The third sentence can be replaced by B.
S4: The fourth sentence can be replaced by A.
S5: In the first group, the prepositions are put before the relative pronouns.
T: Do you think the differences have influenced the meanings of the sentences?
Ss: No. They still have the same meanings.
T: Let’s look at some more sentences on the screen. Read aloud by yourselves and show us what you have learnt.
1. Near where I live there's a wood where you can find woodpeckers.
2. Near where I live there's a wood in which you can find woodpeckers.
3. The fancy-dress party, where the men all turned up as gangsters, was held in Manhatten.
4. The fancy-dress party, at which the men all turned up as gangsters, was held in Manhatten.
Ss: From the above sentences, we know in which and at which are sometimes used as more precise sounding alternatives to where to introduce relative clauses after nouns referring to place.
T: Let’s look at the sentences on the screen. Read aloud by yourselves and show us what you have learnt.
The day when I'm forced to give up riding will be a sad day for me.
The day on which I'm forced to give up riding will be a sad day for me.
Ss: On which is sometimes used as a more precise sounding alternative to when to introduce relative clauses after nouns referring to time.
T: Please note that in questions the preposition is more frequently placed at the end of the clause. It can also be placed before the relative pronoun where it sounds more formal. Now let’s look at the following sentences again and see what information we can get from them.
The people with whom he worked have all been arrested. (Formal)
The people (who) he worked with have all been arrested. (Informal)
This is the bedroom in which he was murdered. (Formal)
This is the bedroom (that) he was murdered in. (Informal)
Ss: From the examples above we know that putting the preposition at the end of the clause is usually also possible in statements
Ss: From these examples we know that in statements when the preposition is placed at the end of the clause, we can use that instead of who or which, or we can omit the relative pronoun completely!
T: A wide range of prepositions are often used in prepositional structures with relative pronouns who and which to introduce relative clauses. In most cases, the prepositions retain their original meaning. When the relative pronoun is placed immediately after the preposition we can't use who instead of whom, and we can't use that or zero pronoun either. Would you like more practice? Please finish the task in Activity 4. You can do this with your partners. I’ll ask you to report your work in a few minutes.
S1: We’re in the region in which printing was first invented.
S2: It is an invention of which he is proud.
S3: He is a man of whom I am afraid because he was invented something very dangerous.
S4: The machine is very old at which you are looking.
S5: Is that the inventor to whom you are talking.
Step VI Homework
T: In this lesson we have learnt more about the relative clauses. Please review the grammar after the class. In order to master what we learnt, you ought to finish today’s homework.
Please find some more information about the relative clause in your reference books.
Finish the exercises on Page 91, in your textbook.
The Fourth Period Listening
Teaching goals 教学目标
1 Target language目标语言
a重点词汇和短语
afford, bark, chemist, clock, contribution, copy, discovery, invent, invention, leaf, material, printing, spread, toothbrush, leather, monk, soft, category, compass, fireworks, matches, porcelain, umbrella, wheelbarrow
b重点句子
The first ones existed 2,000 years ago.
It was first made during the Eastern Han Dynasty between 25 AD and 220 AD.
It was first invented by an army general called Zhuge Liang.【版权所有：21教育】
It was first used on a boat by Zheng He from Yunnan in the 15th century.
They say that the first ones were made during the Qin Dynasty in the third century BC.
It wasn’t made in Europe until the 16th century.
They were made of silk.
2 Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to practice their listening ability.
3 Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the students to learn how to grasp the important information.
Teaching important points教学重点
Learn about some famous inventions in history.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
Let the students discuss the inventions together.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Discussion;
b. Listening;
c Cooperative learning.
Teaching aids教具准备
A recorder
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
Step II Listening presentation
T: In human being’s history there are a lot of inventions. Thanks to these inventions, we live so happy, wealthy and advanced life. China held the world's leading position in many fields in the study of nature, from the 1st century before Christ to the 15th century, with the four great inventions having the greatest global significance. Do you know the world famous inventions in China?
Ss: Yes. Papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass ― the four great inventions of ancient China are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to world civilization.
T: Very good. In this lesson we’ll listen to a passage about important Chinese inventions. While you are listening, underline the words you hear. After listening, check the answers together with your partners. Then show the words you have heard.
A few minutes later the teacher asks the students to report their work.
Step III Listening and Vocabulary
T: Next I’ll play the tape again for you to match the dates with the inventions. Listen carefully and report your work.
Teachers check the answers with the whole class.
T: Who’d like to say something about these inventions?
S1: Chinese history credits the invention of silk to Yuen Fei, the concubine of an Emperor who ruled in 2,600 B.C. She, by reason of the discovery, has been deified and is worshipped as the goddess of silk worms. For many centuries after Yuen Fei the secret of silk was jealously guarded by the Chinese.
S2: China was the first nation to invent paper. Before its invention, words were written on various natural materials on earthen plates by the Mesopotamians, on tree leaves by the Indians, on sheepskin by the Europeans and strangest of all, even inscribed on bamboo or wooden strips, tortoise shells or shoulder blades of an ox by the early Chinese. Later, inspired by the process of silk reeling, the people in ancient China succeeded in first making a kind of paper called "bo" out of silk. But its production was very expensive due to the scarcity of materials. In the early days of the 2nd century, a court official named Cai Lun produced a new kind of paper from bark, rags, wheat stalks and other materials. It was relatively cheap, light, thin, durable and more suitable for brush writing.
S3: Beginning 2000 years ago in the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C. --- 25 A.D.), stone-tablet rubbing was in vogue for spreading Confucian classics or Buddhist sutras. This led in the Sui Dynasty (581-618) to the practice of engraving writing or pictures on a wooden board, smearing it with ink and then printing on pieces of paper page-by-page. This became known as block printing. The first book with a verifiable date of printing appeared in China in the year 868, or nearly 600 years before that happened in Europe. In 1041-1048 of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), a man named Bi Sheng carved individual characters on identical pieces of fine clay which he hardened by a slow baking process, resulting in pieces of movable type. When the printing was finished, the pieces of type were put away for future use. OK. We’ll listen again and finish the sentences by yourself. Are you ready?
T: Very good. But Americans consider the toothbrush, which dates from the 15th century, the most important invention, according to a recent survey. Some 37 percent of adults and 31 percent of teenagers viewed the car as the second most important, with 6 per cent of adults voting each for the personal computer, microwave oven and the mobile phone.
Step IV Listening & Speaking

Teachers first show the pictures on the screen and ask them what they are.
T: Do you know the pictures?
Ss: They are compass, fireworks, porcelain, umbrella and wheelbarrow.
T: Right. Listen to an interview with a historian and match the statements in activity 11 with the objects.
Play the tape again and check the answers together.
T: Who’d like to say what you have learnt from the tape or the Internet.
S1: Chuko Liang (181-234 A.D.) of China is considered to be the inventor of the wheelbarrow. Liang was a general who used the wheelbarrows to transport supplies injured soldiers. The Chinese wheelbarrows had two wheels and required two men to propel and steer.
S2: The basic umbrella was invented over four thousand years ago. We have seen evidence of umbrellas in the ancient art and artifacts of Egypt, Assyria, Greece, and China. These ancient umbrellas or parasols were first designed to provide shade from the sun. The Chinese were the first to waterproof their umbrellas for use as rain protection. The word "umbrella" comes from the Latin root word "umbra", meaning shade or shadow. Starting in the 16th century umbrella became popular to the western world, especially in the rainy weather of northern Europe.
S3: The compass, an indispensable navigational tool, was another significant gift from ancient China. While mining ores and melting copper and iron, people chanced upon a natural magnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north. After constant improvement the round compass came into being. The magnetic compass, Dream Pool Essays (1086) was invented by Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty, about 100 years earlier than its first record in Europe by Alexander Neekam in 1190.
S4: Credit for the invention of gunpowder also goes to ancient China. Ancient necromancers discovered in their practice of alchemy, that an explosion could be induced if certain kinds of ores and fuel were mixed in the right proportions and heated, thus leading to the invention of gunpowder. In the Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques, edited in 1044 by Zeng Gongliang, three formulas for making gunpowder were recorded; an explosive mixture of saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal.
T: Now let’s summarize what inventions we have discussed by now and can you give more famous inventions in history.
S1: The Wheelbarrow: China, First Century BC. Wheelbarrows did not exist in Europe before the eleventh or twelfth century (the earliest known Western depiction is in a window at Chartres Cathedral, dated around 1220 AD). Descriptions of the wheelbarrow in China refer to first century BC, and the oldest surviving picture, a frieze relief from a tomb-shrine in Szechuan province, dates from about 118 AD.
S2: Matches: China, Sixth Century AD. The first version of the match was invented in 577 AD by impoverished court ladies during a military siege. Hard pressed for tinder during the siege, they could otherwise not start fires for cooking, heating, etc. The matches consisted of little sticks of pinewood impregnated with sulfur. There is no evidence of matches in Europe before 1530.
S3: Paper: China, Second Century BC. Papyrus, the inner bark of the papyrus plant, is not true paper. Paper is a sheet of sediment which results from the settling of a layer of disintegrated fibers from a watery solution onto a flat mold. Once the water is drained away, the deposited layer is removed and dried. The oldest surviving piece of paper in the world is made of hemp fibers, discovered in 1957 in a tomb near Xian, China, and dates from between the years 140 and 87 BC. The oldest paper with writing on it, also from China, is dated to 110 AD and contains about two dozen characters. Paper reached India in the seventh century and West Asia in the eighth. The Arabs sold paper to Europeans until manufacture in the West in the twelfth century.
S4: The Kite: China, Fifth/Fourth Century BC. Two kitemakers, Kungshu P'an who made kites shaped like birds which could fly for up to three days, and Mo Ti (who is said to have spent three years building a special kite) were famous in Chinese traditional stories from as early as the fifth century BC. Kites were used in wartime as early as 1232 when kites with messages were flown over Mongol lines by the Chinese. The strings were cut and the kites landed among the Chinese prisoners, inciting them to revolt and escape. Kites fitted with hooks and bait were used for fishing, and kites were fitted with strings and whistles to make musical sounds while flying. The kite was first mentioned in Europe in a popular book of marvels and tricks in 1589.
S5: Paper Money: China, Ninth Century AD. Its original name was ‘flying money’ because it was so light it could blow out of one's hand. As ‘exchange certificates’ used by merchants, paper money was quickly adopted by the government for forwarding tax payments. Real paper money, used as a medium of exchange and backed by deposited cash (a Chinese term for metal coins), apparently came into use in the tenth century. The first Western money was issued in Sweden in 1661. America followed in 1690, France in 1720, England in 1797, and Germany not until 1806.
S6: The Horse Collar: China. Third Century BC. About the fourth century BC the Chinese devised a harness with a breast strap known as the trace harness, modified approximately one hundred later into the collar harness, and modified approximately one hundred later into the collar harness. Unlike the throat-and-girth harness used in the West, which choked a horse and reduced its efficiency (it took two horses to haul a half a ton), the collar harness allowed a single horse to haul a ton and a half. The trace harness arrived in Europe in the sixth century and made its way across Europe by the eighth century.
Step V Assignment
T: Excellent work. I know you have learnt more about the famous inventions. After class, you’d better surf the Internet to get more information about them.
Surf the Internet to get more information about them.
Write a short passage about the invention you like most.
The Fifth Period Reading (II)
Teaching goals 教学目标Reading of Using the language on WB
1 Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
Europe, century, society, Industrial Revolution, mass, production population, appear, source, spread,
b. 重点句子
In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was an important change in society.
Until then had Europe been a farming society.
With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass
production became possible for the first time.
These changes became possible because of inventions such as steam engine.
Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city.
From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.
2 Ability goals 能力目标
a. Learn something about the great Industrial Revolution in Europe.
The time, the changes to people and to the country
b. Guess the meaning of the words:
steam engine, mass production, energy source, mine, spread,
c. Discuss the questions about the passage:
When did the change happen?
What kind of change happened because of the Industrial Revolution?
What was the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution?
What was the change to people?
d. Teach the Ss to read fast and correctly.
3 Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the Ss to get to know about the Industrial Revolution, three Grecian philosophers.21·世纪*教育网
Teaching important points教学重点
Talk about the changes that caused by Industrial Revolution.
Talk about the teachings of the three great philosophers
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. Discuss the answers to the questions
b. Teach the Ss to grasp important information during reading
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Fast reading;
b. Dealing with comprehension questions;
c. Discussion;
d. Student-centered vocabulary learning.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector, a computer, and a recorder
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Ask the students to say what they have found after they surfed the Internet.
T: What have you learnt from the Internet?
S: Cast Iron: China, Forth Century BC. By having good refractory clays for the construction of blast furnace walls, and the discovery of how to reduce the temperature at which iron melts by using phosphorus, the Chinese were able cast iron into ornamental and functional shapes. Coal, used as a fuel, was placed around elongated crucibles containing iron ore. This expertise allowed the production of pots and pans with thin walls. With the development of annealing in the third century, Cast Iron: China, Forth Century BC. By having good refractory clays for the construction of blast furnace walls, and the discovery of how to reduce the temperature at which iron melts by using phosphorus, the Chinese were able cast iron into ornamental and functional shapes. Coal, used as a fuel, was placed around elongated crucibles containing iron ore. This expertise allowed the production of pots and pans with thin walls. With the development of annealing in the third century, ploughshares, longer swords, and even buildings were eventually made of iron. In the West, blast furnaces are known to have existed in Scandinavia by the late eighth century AD, but cast iron was not widely available in Europe before 1380.【出处：21教育名师】
Step II Lead-in of Cultural corner
T: Turn to page 49, look at the pictures then predict what the text is about.
T: Boys and girls please turn to page 49 and look at the cultural corner. First, look at the pictures. What can you see in the first picture?
S1: I see a train.
T: Is the train the same with modern trains?
S2: No, it’s different. The smoke is too strong; this kind of train will pollute the air.
S3: I know this kind of train is very old and out of date.
T: Yes, you are right. This is a train during the eighteenth century.
S4: I can see two people talking in the picture 2.
S5: Are they discussing something about the machine?
S6: Maybe. But they are out of date, too.
T: Yes, all of you watched carefully. These pictures are about the history of Industrial Revolution. Now, let’s have a look at the cultural corner.
Step III First –reading
Ask to read the text quickly and underline the new or difficult words that they don’t understand.21*cnjy*com
in the second half of the eighteenth century 十八世纪后半期
mass 大规模的
steam engine 蒸汽机
source 来源，
mine 矿山
spread 扩展，蔓延，流传
Step IV Second reading
Read the text again and answer the question
When did the change happen?
What kind of change happened because of the Industrial Revolution?
What was the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution?
What was the change to people?
Step V Post –reading
According to the text, decide these statements true or false.
Before the Industrial Revolution, Europe had been a farming society. ______
Factories and mass productions had appeared before the Industrial Revolution. ___________.
The steam engine was used in factories and on the railways as soon as it was invented. ____________
Because of the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city.
Step VI Language points
Until then Europe had been a farming society.
在工业革命之前，欧洲是处于农业社会。
2. With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared.
With引导原因
3. Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city.
thousands of 成千上万的
Step VII Reading in workbook
Make sure of the names of the people and the places
Socrates 苏格拉底 Pythagoras 毕达格拉斯 Aristotle 亚里士多德
Greece 希腊 Athens 雅典 tried 审判 logic 逻辑
Read the text quickly to do Activity 8, match the ideas with the philosophers in the passage
1—a 2—c 3--- b 4-----a 5-----c
Ask to read the text again, and find answers to questions in Activity 9
Ask to practice asking and answering questions with deskmates. Then ask pairs to ask and answer. If they make some mistakes, the teacher can stop them to correct.
1. His theory that mathematics can be used to explain everything in the universe has influenced many later generations of thinkers.
2. Socrates was a great doubter who believed that we should question everything.
3. He taught that it was our behavior and the way we lived that are important.
4. He taught people to question everything, even the law.
5. He was born in384 BC.
6. He was condemned by the authorities who feared his influence.
Step VII Homework
Do the other exercises on the workbook.
The sixth Period Writing
Teaching goals 教学目标
1 Target language目标语言
a重点词汇和短语
argument, freedom, fuel
b重点句子
The introduction: this gives some general facts about the subject.
This paragraph gives the arguments for / against cars.www.21-cn-jy.com
The conclusion: this gives the writer’s final opinion.
2 Ability goals 能力目标
a. Enable the Ss to write an essay to give your opinions about advantages and disadvantages of television.
b. To write about a famous person from ancient China.
c. To write a passage about the invention of paper.
3 Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the Ss to write an essay to give your opinions about two sides of a coin---advantages and disadvantages.
Help the Ss to learn how to describe a person using useful expressions in the text.
Teaching important& difficult points教学重点和教学难点
a. Teach the Ss how to write an essay to give your opinions about two sides of a coin---advantages and disadvantages.
b. Teach the Ss how to describe a person using useful expressions in the text.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Task-based learning;
b. Discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework, asking them to read out their ideas for the class.
Step II Warming up
T: Today we will have an writing class. First please turn to the Writing section in page 47. part 1: read the essay and match the essay paragraphs with the descriptions. Two minutes for you.
This part is intended for preparations for the writing of advantages and disadvantages of televisions, giving an example and the structure of the example. After reading the essay the student will know how to organize this kind of essay. This will help them a lot.
T: time is up. Boys and girls, have you matched the two parts?
Ss: Yes.
T: Who’d like to tell us the correct order?
S1: I think it’s very easy. The first paragraph is about introduction, so it should be matched with D, the second paragraph about advantages with C, the third paragraph about disadvantages with A, and the last paragraph about conclusion with B.
T: Quite write. Please read the passage again and answer the questions of page 48. Three minutes for you. You can discussion the answers with your partners.
Three minutes later check the answers with the whole class. This part is very easy.
Step III Writing
This part asks the Ss to write an essay on the advantages and disadvantages of television, following the pattern the have just read.
First, let the Ss to discuss how the above passage that they read just now is organized.
Second, teachers guide the students to discuss what advantages and disadvantages the television has. Third, give them ten minutes to write the letter. At last, ask some of the Ss to read their essays for the class while the teacher gives some comments.
T: Today we have read an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of cars. Now we’re going to write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of television. Do you know how to write this kind of essay? Now, let’s have a discussion on it with your partners.
Ss are talking about how to write an essay about two sides of a coin--- advantages and
disadvantages.
T: Who’d like to answer this question?
S1: The introduction should be presented first. Then we may give a paragraph about advantages of televisions and another paragraph about disadvantages of televisions. The last paragraph should be about the conclusion and the writer’s final opinion should be given.
T: Exactly. While writing you should pay attention to the organizing. Now let’s talk about advantages of television. Who‘d like to say something?
S2: I think the television plays an important part in our daily life, for it can enlarge our knowledge, for example CCTV 10 presents sorts of scientific programs.
S3: The television combines the use of sight, color, sound and motion. So it’s very vivid.
S4: On television we can get the latest news at home and abroad. So I’d like to compare it to a window through which we can get all kinds of views.
S5: TV is an important medium for people to entertain and relax. Most people spend more hours watching TV per day than any other medium. There are all kinds of plays, films and programs of arts.
T: All right. What you said just now is reasonable and quite all-round. But as we all know, every coin has two sides. Who can talk about the disadvantages of televisions?
S6: There are many television series plays, but I think it’s a waste of time, especially for us students.
S7: Nowadays there are many TV plays speaking for violence and criminals, even drugs. I think these all do great harm to the youth even the adults.
S8: Watching TV for certain time may do harm to our eyes, especially in holidays when we may watch TV for hours. So please protect your eyes from TV.
T: Quite right. Now fifteen minutes for you to write an essay about advantages and disadvantages of televisions according what we discussed just now. Of course you may have different opinions of your own.
15 minutes later teachers may ask some students to read their essays in public, or ask the students to exchange their essays with their partners to correct the mistakes in them.
Possible version:
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Televisions
Televisions play an important part in our daily life. Most people spend more hours watching TV per day than any other medium. There are all kinds of plays, films and programs of arts.
Televisions can enlarge our knowledge and enrich our daily life, for there are all kinds of plays, films and programs of arts on TV. We can get the latest news at home and abroad. So we can compare the television to a window through which we can get all kinds of views. The television combines the use of sight, color, sound and motion. So it’s very vivid.
But as we all know, every coin has two sides. Televisions can do harm to our eyes, especially in holidays when we may watch TV for hours. So please protect your eyes from TV. Many TV plays speak for violence and criminals, even drugs. I think these all do great harm to the youth even the adults. Watching TV for a long time every day may be a waste of time and takes up the time that we should spend resting, especially for us students.
In conclusion, the invention of televisions is a great development. We should use it in a proper way to work hard and enjoy life.
Step IV Writing Task
Ask the Ss to think of a famous person from ancient China to write a passage.
Teach them how to write an essay about a person by showing the instructions.
Give them 15 minutes to write down the passage.
Ask some Ss to read their passage for the class and the teacher gives some comments.
T: Please turn to page 50. Let’s come to Writing task. You are to write about a famous person from ancient China. 15 minutes for you to write down the passage. You can use the useful expressions in Philosophers of Ancient China. Then I’ll ask some of you to read their passage for the class.
Possible version:
Qu Yuan, the Patriotic Poet
Qu Yuan (BC 340-278 BC) was a great poet in ancient China. For his devotion to his State of Chu during the Warring States period, he has become an historic model of patriotism.
Qu Yuan once holding the second highest office in the state was banished twice. Grieving for the condition of his homeland, for years he wandered about south of the Changjiang. The misfortunes that Qu Yuan suffered drove him to take his own life, but also moved him to write some of the most beautiful poetry in the Chinese language. He poured out his feelings of grief and concern for his state in the allegorical Li Sao, a long autobiographical poem in which he tells of his political ideas and the corruption and mismanagement of the court. In frustration at being unable to do anything to save his state, he clasped a big stone to his breast and leaped into the river to end his life.
Qu Yuan's sufferings had gained the sympathy of the people of Chu. In memory of him, every year on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the day he drowned himself, dragon boat races, which are said to represent the search for his body, are still held, and the Chinese people eat zongzi, little packets of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves, thought to have their origin in the bamboo tubes of rice thrown into the river as food for his spirit. Originally, to keep the river dragons from eating them, the packets were tied with colored silk threads which dragons fear.
A Great Emperor: Qin Shihuang
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259--210 B. C.), alias Ying Zheng, is one of the greatest emperors in the history of ancient China.
He became king of the Qin throne at the age of 13, and took the control of the state at the age of 22. By 221 B. C., he had annexed the six rival principalities, the Qi, the Chu, the Yah, the Hah, the Zhao and the Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China's history. In the year 221 B.C. when he unified the entire country, Ying Zheng created the position of emperor for himself. He named himself Shi Huangdi, the first emperor, in the hope that the imperial throne would be succeeded one generation after another and beyond. From then onwards, the supreme feudal rulers of China's dynasties continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor. After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shiwhuang abolished the centralized feudal system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, axle length for carts, currencies, and weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats, Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall to be built. All these measures played an important role in eliminating the causes of separation and divisions between the states and strengthening the unification of the whole country, as well as promoting the development of economy and culture. They exerted great influence upon China's 2,000-year-long feudal society.
So Qin Shihuang was generally considered to have made great contributions to the development of ancient China.
Step V Homework
Summing up the whole unit.
Collect the materials about Great People and Great inventions Of Ancient China.
T: Our great motherland has a long history with lots of great people and many magnificent inventions, of which papermaking is one? Here is a way to make paper.
After class write a passage about the Invention of Paper. You can use the notes on page 96.Make sure to use proper conjunctions and try to use complex sentences.
Possible version:
The Invention of Paper
Paper was first invented in China in about 105AD. The person credited with inventing paper is a Chinese man named Ts'ai Lun. He took the inner bark of a mulberry tree and bamboo fibers, mixed them with water, and pounded them with a wooden tool. He then poured this mixture onto a flat piece of coarsely woven cloth and let the water drain through, leaving only the fibers on the cloth. Once dry, Ts'ai Lun discovered that he had created a quality writing surface that was very cheap to make. First books were made of this kind of important paper, which made great contributions to the spread of knowledge. However, papermaking didn’t reach Europe until 800AD. And paper was first made in Europe in the 11th century. The i