外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language 学案（含答案）

Unit 5 Revealing nature
Using language
学习目标
1. 掌握本节生词的表达与运用。
2. 掌握过去完成时的用法。
3. 通过课堂练习，对课文内容有更深入的了解。
知识运用
1. declare
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
declare...( to be...) 宣布/宣称……(为……)
declare war on... 向……宣战
declare that... 宣布/宣称……
declare sth. illegal 宣布……非法
declare independence from 宣布摆脱……独立
declare oneself to be... 宣称自己……
It is declared that... 据宣布……
练习：The workers declared _______ the offer of increased pay and holidays.
2. blame
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
blame sb./sth.for sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某物
blamesb.for (doing)sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
take/accept the blame ( for sth.) 承担(某事的)责任
put/lay/place the blame on sb. 把责任归于某人
the blame lies with sb. 责任在于某人
练习：Marie still blames herself _______ Patrick's death.
3. decline
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
decline by... 减少了……
decline to... 减少到……
decline in... 在……方面降低
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
练习：Car sales have declined _________ a quarter.
4. be harmful to
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物有害
cause sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物造成伤害
suffer harm 受到损害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
there is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事，做某事没有坏处
mean no harm/not mean any harm 无意伤害没有恶意
练习：Try to reduce the use of chemicals that are _________ (harm) to the environment.
5. be home to
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
be feel at home 舒适自在，不拘束
make yourself at home 别拘束
find a home for sth. 找地方安置某物
hit/strike home (言语等)正中要害；使人接受(或认清)现实
(both) at home and abroad 在国内外
make ones home 定居，居住
练习：Warwick is home _________ some 550 international students.
语法解析
过去完成时
用法：过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，以及表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作
过去完成时可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by介词短语或before 时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或上下文中得到提示。
She had learned English before she came to Britain.
她在来英国以前就已学过英语。
By the end of last month, we had finished half of the project.
到上个月底为止，我们已经完成了一半的工程。
表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间
过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延线到过去另一时间的动作或状态。主旬中常含有 for 引出的“时间段”状语。
She had worked for twelve hours by 8:00 p.m.
到晚上8点钟，她已经工作12个小时了。
My elder sister had worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.
在换工作之前，我姐姐已经在那家公司工作了10年。
用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算
hope，wish，plan，want，mean，intend，attempt，suppose，think，expect 等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的动词，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等，指后面不定式的动作未曾实现。
They had wanted to help but could not get here in time.
他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。
I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
用于特殊式中
特殊句式hardly/scarcely/just...when...，no sooner…than...，表示“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用般过去时。当否定副词 hardly，scarcely，no sooner 位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装。
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang
我刚刚离开房间电话就响了。
He had just gone to sleep when the phone rang.
他刚睡着电话铃就响了。
It was the first time that + 过去完成时
这个句式用来表达在过去某一个时间之前某人的经历。主句用一般过去时(was)，that从句用过去完成时：
It was the first time that little Franz had listened so attentively
那是小弗朗士第一次如此用心地听讲。
如果主句是一般过去时 it was,则说明截止到过去某个时间为止的“第一次”,体现了“过去的过去”这个原则，故 that 从句使用过去完成时。此外，该句型可以有“It/This/That was the first ( second/third/...) time that...”等变式。
It was the first time that she had sung in public.
这是她首次公开演唱。
6. 过去完成时还经常用于定语从句中，说明定语从句的动作或状态早于主句发生。
He apologized to the people who had been affected.
他向受到影响的人赔了不是。
Nancy, who had been thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke.
南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
练习：
1. Tom _______ (hang) up the phone before I could answer the call.
2. The coach said that Jack _______ (defeat) in the game, which was a disgrace to his team.
3. As I _______ (suspect) all the time, he was not a real policeman.
4. As soon as the sun _______ (set), we returned to our hotel.
5. The flood destroyed the bridge that the villagers _______ (build).
6. When he _______ (eat) his lunch he asked for a glass of water.
答案
知识运用
for 2. for 3. by 4. harmful 5. to
语法解析
1. had hung 2. had been defeated 3. had suspected
4. had set 5. had built 6. had eaten
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