金陵中学2023-2024高一第一学期期中考试
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节(共19小题，每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)
A
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phoenix Zoo’s yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city’s zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy. , Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission.
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, , free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, , free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St, Mesa, , $93.
1 How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show
A. Bring a friend. B. Get a membership.
C. Join a tour group. D. Book a ticket online.
2. What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest
A. Have free food. B. Take art classes.
C. Enjoy real snow. D. Meet local artists.
3. Which event lasts the longest
A. ZooLights: Glow Wild. B. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C. Youth Fine Arts Courses. D. Family Fun Winterfest.
B
I was in a new state at a new school and needed something solid to stand on: a place to feel grounded. I also needed to do laundry, so I walked to a nearby self-service laundry and stuffed a machine with my clothes. As I struggled to close the washer door, the woman working behind the counter told me to give it a good hit with my hand. The washer did its job, yet even after an hour, the dryer seemed to have barely warmed my clothes. I left, having decided to air-dry them on my car in the August heat.
A month later, I learned her name was Sandy, which she told me after I’d helped her stop a washing machine from moving across the floor. I was grading poems at a table when one of the washers broke loose and skipped an inch into the air. I jumped to the machine and held on while she unplugged it. The next week, Sandy told me dryer No.8 was the fastest.
It went on like this. I’d do laundry once a week, usually Thursday or Friday. Sandy worked Tuesday through Saturday and we’d talk small while I folded clothes. She told me about her son and his grades, the new dog they’d just adopted. She was fascinated that I was studying poetry. She teased (开玩笑) that it was harder making a living as a poet than as a laundry attendant. Even then I knew she was probably right.
I began to recognize others there: workers taking breaks by the door, a mother and her baby, and even some delivery drivers. But Sandy was the center of my community. For nearly three years and almost every week, I’d do laundry and talk with her. We checked on each other and expected the other to be there. We asked where the other had gone when we missed a week. There was a note of concern for the other’s absence, a note of joy at their return.
I’d found a place to stand on solid ground.
4. Why did the author leave with his wet clothes
A. He liked the August heat better. B. He had to go back to the class.
C. He wanted to show off his new car. D. He didn’t think the dryer worked well.
5. Why did Sandy tell the author to use dryer No.8
A. She was warm-hearted. B. She needed a volunteer.
C. She wanted to thank him. D. She was sorry for the mess.
6. What did Sandy think of a career in poetry
A. It was harder to fulfill. B. It was really fascinating.
C. It was badly-paid work. D. It needed a lot of effort.
7. What can be inferred about the author from the passage
A. He formed a close friendship with Sandy. B. He made a lot of friends in college.
C. He expected Sandy to do laundry for him. D. He often wrote to Sandy after graduation.
C
Climate change and increases in drought and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management. An international group of scientists have brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide. The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events. As these events become more often and severe due to climate change, ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr. Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analyzed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as drought, heatwaves, rainstorms, and flooding. The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%), rainstorms and floods (51%), and under long-term changes in climate (56%). During droughts, less water is available to dilute contaminants (稀释污染物), while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams. Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases, for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature. Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. “Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants is crucial,” says van Vliet. The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries. “We need better monitoring of water quality in Africa and Asia. Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe.”
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
8. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
B. Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
C. Water quality in rivers worldwide is under risk.
D. Water management has been improved recently.
9. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The threats caused by extreme weather. B. The factors influencing water safety.
C. The findings of van Vliet’s research. D. The design of van Vliet’s experiment.
10. According to paragraph 3, which will van Vliet probably agree with
A. Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
B. Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
C. Related data collection and studies of Europe is adequate.
D. Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
11. What is the author’s attitude toward van Vliet’s research
A. Unclear. B. Contradictory. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
D
Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
12. What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos
A. It ignored marketing strategies. B. It priced itself relatively high.
C It lacked a particularly good taste. D. It focused on delight and pleasure.
13. What can be inferred about meaning seekers
A. They frequent high-end stores. B. They think products extend their lives.
C. They hesitate to make decisions. D. They make more purchases with money.
14. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed
A. By giving some examples. B. By listing numbers and data.
C. By explaining reasons. D. By making some comparisons.
15. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Innovation: a Product’s Life B. To Buy or not to Buy
C. Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D. Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet
E
There are many online and in-person courses promising to teach a “native accent”. But is it really necessary to sound exactly like a native speaker Some experts say it is not. Eusebia V. Mont leads the Accent Modification(修正) Program at the University of Maryland’s Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences. Mont talked about it to reporters.
Students come to the program for one or two school terms. They meet in a group for 90 minutes a week. Each student meets with one other student and a “doctor” for more individual work. Altogether the program amounts to about 60 hours of learning in class. Mont says the rate of progress absolutely depends on the type of accent it is, how long they’ve been speaking English and how often they speak English.
Mont says, “I view accent as the spread of culture; the spread of a person’s individual identity — and I don’t work to remove any part of culture from an individual.”
Students will most probably work in English-speaking environments when they leave school. The program teaches them tools for this. For example, they learn how to give an “elevator pitch” — a short description of an idea — and how to discuss their research. They also practice interviewing and giving presentations at work.
Mont says that there are a few methods for modifying accent, but most have the same basis. One method is called the Compton Method. Arthur J. Compton developed the method for English learners who know English vocabulary and grammar fairly well. It begins with a test to find out how the student’s native language affects different areas of pronunciation. Then learners use practice materials to record their own voice and compare their pronunciation attempts to recordings of a native speaker.
Another method is the Tomatis Method, which uses special headphones and includes listening to electronically modified voices and asks students to find the difference between their pronunciation and the voices they hear. This method is also used to cure children who have mental conditions that can cause difficulty in language learning.
Mont’s final advice to English learners is not to expect to sound exactly like a native speaker. And remember: even native English speakers do not all speak alike!
16. According to the passage, the Accent Modification Program________.
A. is meant to help students get rid of their accent
B. divides students into different classes based on their abilities
C. offers students a total of 90 minutes’ study over one or two school terms
D. instructs students how to communicate in English-speaking environments
17. What does the underlined part “elevator pitch” mean in paragraph 4
A. Discussing one’s research in brief. B. Giving presentations in a small space.
C. Getting an idea across to others efficiently. D. Practicing interviewing skills in an elevator.
18. Both of the Compton Method and the Tomatis Method ________.
A. require students to take a test first
B. employ the method of comparison
C. serve students who have mastered English well
D. require students to record their voices with equipment
19. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Ways to Sound like a Native Speaker
B. The Situation of the Accent Modification Program
C. Keep Your Identity While Changing Your Accent
D. The Development of the Accent Modification Industry
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. ___20___ First, work on changing your own behavior. Then, find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you.
Changing Your Behavior
●Think before you speak. ___21___ Sometimes, it’s best to let small indiscretions (轻率的行为) go. Try taking a few deep breaths and leaving the room instead of criticizing.
●Separate the individual from their actions. If you work on separating the person from the action you may naturally want to criticize less. As you realize you cannot judge a person’s character based on a single choice or decision, you will be unable to call someone out for being rude or disrespectful.
●Focus on positives. Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. ___22___
Communicating More Effectively
●___23___ Some people have issues that may need addressing. However, feedback is very different from criticism. When addressing an issue, focus on suggestions you can make to help another person improve, which is more effective than criticizing.
●Ask for what you want directly. Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. ___24___ Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct, respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism.
●Consider the other party’s perspective. If you criticize others too often, you may be shutting out the other person’s point of view. Try to step in another person’s shoes before criticizing and you may get some new and special ideas.
A. Give feedback rather than criticism.
B. However, there are ways to avoid criticism.
C. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.
D. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself.
E. If you’re not telling someone what you want, that person cannot be expected to know.
F. Criticism should ideally, be working towards an effective solution to a negative situation.
G. When you want to dish out criticism, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything.
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
Dad is a retired NYPD Patrol Officer. In his precinct (管辖区) lived a family, which consisted of a ___25___ single mother and her four sons.
The three older sons were all ___26___ in crime as a career. Drugs, sale of stolen items, etc. The youngest who was about 10 years old was destined (注定) for the same. Many of the patrol officers knew the mom and in turn she knew them, some by first ___27___, as was the case with my Dad.
She was always very ___28___ when being questioned about her sons. On one visit, my Dad struck up a ___29___. During their talk she expressed her ___30___ about her youngest boy. She felt ___31___ in guiding him to the straight and narrow. The environment would not ___32___ it.
My Dad agreed. He offered the only solution he could think of ___33___. He asked her if she would allow her “baby” to spend the summer in the suburbs at our house.
My Dad had three sons and a daughter (me). We discussed the plan and ___34___ that it would be beneficial for her boy to see another side of family life which he had never been ___35___ to.
We had a new member to our family for the summer. He ___36___ the pool in the back yard and he made many friends. The whole neighborhood welcomed him and he loved the ___37___. At the end of summer he returned to his mother.
After he had gotten into some minor trouble with the law, he ___38___ decided to go to night school for accounting, and eventually ___39___ an office job.
25. A. satisfying B. struggling C. appealing D. disappointing
26. A. involved B. occupied C. checked D. asked
27. A. time B. appearance C. move D. name
28. A. attractive B. competitive C. positive D. cooperative
29. A. match B. conversation C. help D. question
30. A. interest B. curiosity C. concern D. shock
31. A. powerless B. careless C. selfless D. harmless
32. A. get B. adopt C. allow D. support
33. A. on the spot B. under the weather C. on purpose D. on location
34. A. decided B. assumed C. promised D. predicated
35. A. expected B. accepted C. chosen D. exposed
36. A. appreciated B. wandered C. enjoyed D. covered
37. A. gratitude B. performance C. attention D. action
38. A. delightedly B. finally C. gradually D. simply
39. A. interviewed B. landed C. refused D. advertised
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Recently, some 10th graders from my school held a series of Harry Potter-themed activities that brought many students’ dreams of magic to life, among ____40____ the cosplay show was the most interesting. Han Xinrui, ____41____ Harry Potter fan who cosplayed Hermione, said, “The ____42____ (prepare) was complicated but interesting. We edited clips of the characters we played from the ____43____ (origin) movies and projected them on the background for our performance. After numerous rehearsals, the actors put on their wizard robes and wigs, ____44____ (step) onto the stage and waved their hands, acting like ____45____ (superstar). Apart from the cosplay shows, the students ____46____ (encourage) to write out some famous quotes from the novels in beautiful handwriting. As one quote said, “It does not do well to be obsessed with dreams ____47____ forget to live. Working hard is important. But there is something ____48____ matters even more: believing ____49____ yourself.” These classic lines were inspiring to the students, encouraging them to keep looking ahead.
第三节 词汇
50. He gave me d__________ instructions on how to find JLHS, which was really time-saving.(根据首字母单词拼写)
51. He is such an __________ (不负责任的) person that nobody wants to make friends with him.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52. He asked me to tell him f__________ (直率地) what I wished to do.(根据中英文提示填空)
53. Hearing the terrible news, she couldn’t control herself and e__________ (爆发) with anger. (根据中英文提示填空)
54. Remember to make an a__________ to others if you find you are in the wrong. (根据首字母单词拼写)
55. Nowadays the modern tools that keep us connected are e__________ away at the meaning of the friendship. (根据首字母单词拼写)
56. Are your parents often the first t__________ of your anger when you get angry (根据首字母单词拼写)
57. The group meets on a regular b__________, usually weekly or monthly. (根据首字母单词拼写)
58. Remember to wash the fruits __________ (彻底地) before eating them. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
59. My bicycle has a f__________ tyre. Will you help me to repair it (根据首字母单词拼写)
60. After you set a goal, it’s important to s__________ to it and work hard towards it. (根据首字母单词拼写)
61. Making their children feel i__________ was the last thing Mama wanted to do. That’s why she lied to her children about the bank account. (根据首字母单词拼写)
62. Learning is an active, not a p__________ behaviour which consists of hearing, understanding and remembering. (根据首字母单词拼写)
63. Whether by chance or by d__________, there were exactly 200 students in the hall. (根据首字母单词拼写)
64. There is no point in comparing you with others all the time. Everyone is u__________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
65. My parents have been the most i__________ (有影响力的) people in my life. (根据中英文提示填空)金陵中学2023-2024高一第一学期期中考试
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节(共19小题，每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)
A
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phoenix Zoo’s yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city’s zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy. , Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission.
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, , free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, , free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St, Mesa, , $93.
1. How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show
A. Bring a friend. B. Get a membership.
C. Join a tour group. D. Book a ticket online.
2. What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest
A. Have free food. B. Take art classes.
C. Enjoy real snow. D. Meet local artists.
3. Which event lasts the longest
A. ZooLights: Glow Wild. B. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C. Youth Fine Arts Courses. D. Family Fun Winterfest.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在一月份举办的家庭友好活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19部分中“$11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission (会员11.95美元；普通门票13.95美元，)”可知，获得会员资格就可以买到ZooLights表演的折扣票。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Family Fun Winterfest Jan.4部分中“OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in.(位于沙漠中的奥德海水族馆正在其沙漠庭院举办第三届年度家庭趣味冬季活动，以真正的雪为特色，供孩子们玩耍)”可知，在Family Fun Winterfest可以欣赏到真正的雪。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章内容可知ZooLights: Glow Wild从1月1日到19日；Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts从1月4日到18日；Family Fun Winterfest在1月4日；Youth Fine Arts Course从1月18日到3月7日。所以Youth Fine Arts Courses持续时间最长。故选C。
B
I was in a new state at a new school and needed something solid to stand on: a place to feel grounded. I also needed to do laundry, so I walked to a nearby self-service laundry and stuffed a machine with my clothes. As I struggled to close the washer door, the woman working behind the counter told me to give it a good hit with my hand. The washer did its job, yet even after an hour, the dryer seemed to have barely warmed my clothes. I left, having decided to air-dry them on my car in the August heat.
A month later, I learned her name was Sandy, which she told me after I’d helped her stop a washing machine from moving across the floor. I was grading poems at a table when one of the washers broke loose and skipped an inch into the air. I jumped to the machine and held on while she unplugged it. The next week, Sandy told me dryer No.8 was the fastest.
It went on like this. I’d do laundry once a week usually Thursday or Friday. Sandy worked Tuesday through Saturday and we’d talk small while I folded clothes. She told me about her son and his grades, the new dog they’d just adopted. She was fascinated that I was studying poetry. She teased (开玩笑) that it was harder making a living as a poet than as a laundry attendant. Even then I knew she was probably right.
I began to recognize others there: workers taking breaks by the door, a mother and her baby, and even some delivery drivers. But Sandy was the center of my community. For nearly three years and almost every week, I’d do laundry and talk with her. We checked on each other and expected the other to be there. We asked where the other had gone when we missed a week. There was a note of concern for the other’s absence, a note of joy at their return.
I’d found a place to stand on solid ground.
4. Why did the author leave with his wet clothes
A. He liked the August heat better. B. He had to go back to the class.
C. He wanted to show off his new car. D. He didn’t think the dryer worked well.
5. Why did Sandy tell the author to use dryer No.8
A. She was warm-hearted. B. She needed a volunteer.
C. She wanted to thank him. D. She was sorry for the mess.
6. What did Sandy think of a career in poetry
A. It was harder to fulfill. B. It was really fascinating.
C. It was badly-paid work. D. It needed a lot of effort.
7. What can be inferred about the author from the passage
A. He formed a close friendship with Sandy. B. He made a lot of friends in college.
C He expected Sandy to do laundry for him. D. He often wrote to Sandy after graduation.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者来到了一个新的地方后，总觉得这个新的地方没有给自己家的感觉，经过了三年的时间，作者终于找到了归属感。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The washer did its job, yet even after an hour, the dryer seemed to have barely warmed my clothes. I left, having decided to air-dry them on my car in the August heat.(洗衣机的工作完成了，但即使过了一个小时，烘干机似乎也几乎没有烘干我的衣服。我离开了，决定在8月的高温下在车上风干它们)”可知，作者之所以拿着湿衣服离开是因为烘干机没用。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A month later, I learned her name was Sandy, which she told me after I’d helped her stop a washing machine from moving across the floor. I was grading poems at a table when one of the washers broke loose and skipped an inch into the air. I jumped to the machine and held on while she unplugged it. The next week, Sandy told me dryer No.8 was the fastest.(一个月后，我才知道她的名字叫Sandy，是在我帮她阻止一台洗衣机在地板上移动后，她告诉我的。当时我正在桌子旁批改诗歌，突然一个洗衣机松开了，飞到空中一英寸。我跳到洗衣机前，抓住不放，她拔下插头。第二个星期，Sandy告诉我8号烘干机是最快的)”可推知，Sandy告诉我8号烘干机最快是因为她想对作者表达感谢。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“She teased (开玩笑) that it was harder making a living as a poet than as a laundry attendant. Even then I knew she was probably right.(她开玩笑说，当诗人比当洗衣工更难谋生。即使那时我也知道她可能是对的)”可推知，Sandy认为诗人的待遇太差。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Sandy was the center of my community. For nearly three years and almost every week, I’d do laundry and talk with her. We checked on each other and expected the other to be there. We asked where the other had gone when we missed a week.(但Sandy是我生活的中心。在将近三年的时间里，几乎每个星期，我都会一边洗衣服一边和她聊天。我们互相查看对方在不在，并期望对方在那里。当我们错过一个星期的时候，我们会问对方去了哪里)”可推知，作者和Sandy之间建立了亲密的友谊。故选A。
C
Climate change and increases in drought and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management. An international group of scientists have brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide. The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events. As these events become more often and severe due to climate change, ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr. Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analyzed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as drought, heatwaves, rainstorms, and flooding. The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%), rainstorms and floods (51%), and under long-term changes in climate (56%). During droughts, less water is available to dilute contaminants (稀释污染物), while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams. Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases, for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature. Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. “Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants is crucial,” says van Vliet. The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries. “We need better monitoring of water quality in Africa and Asia. Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe.”
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
8. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
B. Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
C. Water quality in rivers worldwide is under risk.
D. Water management has been improved recently.
9. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The threats caused by extreme weather. B. The factors influencing water safety.
C. The findings of van Vliet’s research. D. The design of van Vliet’s experiment.
10. According to paragraph 3, which will van Vliet probably agree with
A. Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
B. Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
C. Related data collection and studies of Europe is adequate.
D. Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
11 What is the author’s attitude toward van Vliet’s research
A. Unclear. B. Contradictory. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明气候变化、极端天气和人类活动对水资源质量构成严峻威胁。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Climate change and increases in drought and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management. (气候变化以及干旱和暴雨的增加给我们的水资源管理带来了严峻的挑战)”和“The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events. As these events become more often and severe due to climate change, ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat. (研究表明，在极端天气事件中，河流水质趋于恶化。由于气候变化，这些事件变得更加频繁和严重，生态系统健康和人类获得安全用水的机会可能日益受到威胁)”可知，水资源质量因气候变化、极端天气等因素受到严峻威胁，世界各地河流的水质都处于危险之中。故选C。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。分析段落结构，第二段是总分结构，由第一句“The research led by Dr. Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analyzed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as drought, heatwaves, rainstorms, and flooding. (乌得勒支大学的Michelle van Vliet博士领导的这项研究分析了965起极端天气期间河流水质变化的案例，如干旱、热浪、暴雨和洪水)”可知整个段落都在讲述Michelle van Vliet博士领导的研究，根据下句关键词“The analysis shows”可知后文具体介绍该研究结果，所以C选项“The findings of van Vliet’s research. (van Vliet的研究发现)”符合本段主旨。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature. Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. (水质变化主要受水温变化的驱动。土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响了这种情况的发展)”和van Vliet所说的“Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants is crucial. (了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间的复杂相互作用至关重要，这些因素共同影响污染物的来源和运输)”可知，土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响水质变化，van Vliet认为了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间的复杂相互作用至关重要，可得出他认为人类活动对水质有很大影响。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. (研究结果强调，迫切需要更好地了解极端天气事件期间的水质变化。这给我们敲响了警钟)”可知，作者认为该研究给我们敲响了警钟，所以是对研究持“支持”态度。A. Unclear.不清晰的；B. Contradictory.矛盾的；C. Doubtful.怀疑的；D. Approving.支持的。故选D。
D
Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
12. What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos
A. It ignored marketing strategies. B. It priced itself relatively high.
C. It lacked a particularly good taste. D. It focused on delight and pleasure.
13. What can be inferred about meaning seekers
A. They frequent high-end stores. B. They think products extend their lives.
C. They hesitate to make decisions. D. They make more purchases with money.
14. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed
A. By giving some examples. B. By listing numbers and data.
C. By explaining reasons. D. By making some comparisons.
15. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Innovation: a Product’s Life B. To Buy or not to Buy
C. Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D. Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但Juntos是个失败者。)”和第二段“What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事 为了找出Juntos失败的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这些人选择一种。他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和有价值”的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己”，专注于“快乐和乐趣”。他们发现，与把快乐放在首位的人相比，把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产品。)”可知，越来越多的人想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Juntos失败的主要原因是它的定价相对较高，所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢 为了找出答案，劳伦斯·威廉姆斯要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给他们的生活带来意义。相反，他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于用钱买更多的东西，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题的原因来发展第四段，故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”和最后一段“So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. (所以，在你为一些交易掏腰包之前，尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的东西。)”可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论，C选项“意义追求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选C。
E
There are many online and in-person courses promising to teach a “native accent”. But is it really necessary to sound exactly like a native speaker Some experts say it is not. Eusebia V. Mont leads the Accent Modification(修正) Program at the University of Maryland’s Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences. Mont talked about it to reporters.
Students come to the program for one or two school terms. They meet in a group for 90 minutes a week. Each student meets with one other student and a “doctor” for more individual work. Altogether the program amounts to about 60 hours of learning in class. Mont says the rate of progress absolutely depends on the type of accent it is, how long they’ve been speaking English and how often they speak English.
Mont says, “I view accent as the spread of culture; the spread of a person’s individual identity — and I don’t work to remove any part of culture from an individual.”
Students will most probably work in English-speaking environments when they leave school. The program teaches them tools for this. For example, they learn how to give an “elevator pitch” — a short description of an idea — and how to discuss their research. They also practice interviewing and giving presentations at work.
Mont says that there are a few methods for modifying accent, but most have the same basis. One method is called the Compton Method. Arthur J. Compton developed the method for English learners who know English vocabulary and grammar fairly well. It begins with a test to find out how the student’s native language affects different areas of pronunciation. Then learners use practice materials to record their own voice and compare their pronunciation attempts to recordings of a native speaker.
Another method is the Tomatis Method, which uses special headphones and includes listening to electronically modified voices and asks students to find the difference between their pronunciation and the voices they hear. This method is also used to cure children who have mental conditions that can cause difficulty in language learning.
Mont’s final advice to English learners is not to expect to sound exactly like a native speaker. And remember: even native English speakers do not all speak alike!
16. According to the passage, the Accent Modification Program________.
A. is meant to help students get rid of their accent
B. divides students into different classes based on their abilities
C. offers students a total of 90 minutes’ study over one or two school terms
D. instructs students how to communicate in English-speaking environments
17. What does the underlined part “elevator pitch” mean in paragraph 4
A. Discussing one’s research in brief. B. Giving presentations in a small space.
C. Getting an idea across to others efficiently. D. Practicing interviewing skills in an elevator.
18. Both of the Compton Method and the Tomatis Method ________.
A. require students to take a test first
B. employ the method of comparison
C. serve students who have mastered English well
D. require students to record their voices with equipment
19. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Ways to Sound like a Native Speaker
B. The Situation of the Accent Modification Program
C. Keep Your Identity While Changing Your Accent
D. The Development of the Accent Modification Industry
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了一些教授“本地口音”的课程，阐明了改变口音的同时要保持自己原有的身份的观点。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Students will most probably work in English-speaking environments when they leave school. The program teaches them tools for this. (学生离开学校后很可能会在说英语的环境中工作。这个项目会教他们一些实用方法。)”可知，口音矫正程序教授学生如何在说英语的环境中进行交流。故选D项。
【17题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“a short description of an idea — and how to discuss their research (——对一个想法的简短描述——以及如何讨论他们的研究)”说明这是一个有效表达，从而推知划线词句“For example, they learn how to give an ‘elevator pitch’(例如，他们学习如何进行‘elevator pitch’)”其中划线短语意思是“有效地将想法传达给他人”。故选C项
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“It begins with a test to find out how the student’s native language affects different areas of pronunciation. Then learners use practice materials to record their own voice and compare their pronunciation attempts to recordings of a native speaker. (首先要做一个测试，找出学生的母语是如何影响不同发音领域的。然后，学习者使用练习材料录下自己的声音，并将自己的发音尝试与母语人士的录音进行比较。)”和第六段中“Another method is the Tomatis Method, which uses special headphones and includes listening to electronically modified voices and asks students to find the difference between their pronunciation and the voices they hear. (另一种方法是Tomatis方法，它使用特殊的耳机，包括听电子矫正的声音，并要求学生找到他们的发音和他们听到的声音之间的差异。)”可知，Compton方法和Tomatis方法都采用比较的方法。故选B项。
【19题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中Mont所说“I view accent as the spread of culture; the spread of a person’s individual identity — and I don’t work to remove any part of culture from an individual. (我认为口音是文化的传播；一个人的个人身份的传播——我不想把文化的任何一部分从个人身上移走。)”可知，Mont认为口音是文化和个人身份的延伸，再结合文中专家介绍的几种矫正口音的方法可知，本文阐明了改变口音的同时要保持自己原有的身份的观点。C项符合主题，故选C项。
【点睛】
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. ___20___ First, work on changing your own behavior. Then, find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you.
Changing Your Behavior
●Think before you speak. ___21___ Sometimes, it’s best to let small indiscretions (轻率的行为) go. Try taking a few deep breaths and leaving the room instead of criticizing.
●Separate the individual from their actions. If you work on separating the person from the action, you may naturally want to criticize less. As you realize you cannot judge a person’s character based on a single choice or decision, you will be unable to call someone out for being rude or disrespectful.
●Focus on positives. Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. ___22___
Communicating More Effectively
●___23___ Some people have issues that may need addressing. However, feedback is very different from criticism. When addressing an issue, focus on suggestions you can make to help another person improve, which is more effective than criticizing.
●Ask for what you want directly. Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. ___24___ Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct, respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism.
●Consider the other party’s perspective. If you criticize others too often, you may be shutting out the other person’s point of view. Try to step in another person’s shoes before criticizing and you may get some new and special ideas.
A. Give feedback rather than criticism.
B. However, there are ways to avoid criticism.
C. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.
D. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself.
E. If you’re not telling someone what you want, that person cannot be expected to know.
F. Criticism should, ideally, be working towards an effective solution to a negative situation.
G. When you want to dish out criticism, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything.
【答案】20 B 21. G 22. C 23. A 24. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一些如何避免批评别人的方法。
【20题详解】
上文“Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships.（批评对健康的关系是有害的。）”说明人际交往中批评别人不利于关系的健康发展。下文“First, work on changing your own behavior. Then, find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you.（首先，努力改变你自己的行为。然后，如果有人打扰你，找到有效的沟通方式。）”给出一些具体的解决方法。B项“However, there are ways to avoid criticism.（然而，有一些方法可以避免批评。）”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【21题详解】
上文“Think before you speak.（三思之后再说话。）”说明该段给出的建议是说话之前应该好好思考。G项“When you want to dish out criticism, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything.（当你想要提出批评时，停下来想想是否真的需要说点什么。）”是对该段主旨的进一步解释，说明想要批评之前应该先思考，符合语境。故选G项。
【22题详解】
该段主旨句“Focus on positives.（关注积极的方面。）”以及空前“Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones.（通常，批判源于你选择如何看待一个情况。每个人都有缺点。然而，绝大多数人都有好的品质，而不是坏的。）”说明该段主要讲述每个人都有缺点，然而大多数人的优点多于缺点，人们应该多关注别人积极的方面。C项“Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.（试着关注一个人的积极品质而不是消极品质。）”承接上文，其中的“focus on a person’s positive qualities”和段首“Focus on positives”相呼应，说明我们应该多关注一个人的积极品质。故选C项。
【23题详解】
上文“Communicating More Effectively（更有效地沟通）”说明该部分给出的避免批评的方法是进行有效沟通。下文“Some people have issues that may need addressing. However, feedback is very different from criticism. When addressing an issue, focus on suggestions you can make to help another person improve, which is more effective than criticizing.（有些人可能有需要解决的问题。然而，反馈与批评是截然不同的。在解决一个问题的时候，把重点放在你可以提出的帮助他人提高的建议上，这比批评更有效。）”说明该段主要讲述帮助别人解决问题时，反馈并且给出建议比批评更有效。A项“Give feedback rather than criticism.（给予反馈而不是批评。）”置于句首，概括该段主旨，符合语境。故选A项。
【24题详解】
段首句“Ask for what you want directly.（直接说出你想要的东西。）”说明该段主要讲述在有效沟通中需要直接表达自己的需求。上文“Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism.（低效的沟通往往会招致严厉的批评。）”说明无效的沟通会导致批评。下文“Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct, respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism.（一定要以一种直接、有礼貌的方式提出你的要求。这将消除批评的必要。）”说明直接提出需求是有效的沟通方式，会消除沟通过程中的批评。E项“If you’re not telling someone what you want, that person cannot be expected to know.（如果你不告诉别人你想要什么，就不能指望那个人知道。）”承上启下，说明在有效沟通中要直接说出自己的需求，否则别人将不会知道，这将导致无效沟通和批评。故选E项。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
Dad is a retired NYPD Patrol Officer. In his precinct (管辖区) lived a family, which consisted of a ___25___ single mother and her four sons.
The three older sons were all ___26___ in crime as a career. Drugs, sale of stolen items, etc. The youngest who was about 10 years old was destined (注定) for the same. Many of the patrol officers knew the mom and in turn she knew them, some by first ___27___, as was the case with my Dad.
She was always very ___28___ when being questioned about her sons. On one visit, my Dad struck up a ___29___. During their talk she expressed her ___30___ about her youngest boy. She felt ___31___ in guiding him to the straight and narrow. The environment would not ___32___ it.
My Dad agreed. He offered the only solution he could think of ___33___. He asked her if she would allow her “baby” to spend the summer in the suburbs at our house.
My Dad had three sons and a daughter (me). We discussed the plan and ___34___ that it would be beneficial for her boy to see another side of family life which he had never been ___35___ to.
We had a new member to our family for the summer. He ___36___ the pool in the back yard and he made many friends. The whole neighborhood welcomed him and he loved the ___37___. At the end of summer he returned to his mother.
After he had gotten into some minor trouble with the law, he ___38___ decided to go to night school for accounting, and eventually ___39___ an office job.
25. A. satisfying B. struggling C. appealing D. disappointing
26. A. involved B. occupied C. checked D. asked
27. A. time B. appearance C. move D. name
28. A. attractive B. competitive C. positive D. cooperative
29. A. match B. conversation C. help D. question
30. A. interest B. curiosity C. concern D. shock
31. A. powerless B. careless C. selfless D. harmless
32. A. get B. adopt C. allow D. support
33. A. on the spot B. under the weather C. on purpose D. on location
34. A. decided B. assumed C. promised D. predicated
35. A. expected B. accepted C. chosen D. exposed
36. A. appreciated B. wandered C. enjoyed D. covered
37. A. gratitude B. performance C. attention D. action
38. A. delightedly B. finally C. gradually D. simply
39. A. interviewed B. landed C. refused D. advertised
【答案】25. B 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. C 38. B 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一位苦苦挣扎的单身母亲和她的四个儿子，其中三个大儿子都以犯罪为职业，因此她对小儿子的未来也很担忧。身为巡警的爸爸提出让小儿子来我家过暑假，让他接触不一样的家庭环境。终于他决定去夜校学会计，并最终找到了一份办公室工作。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他的辖区里住着一个家庭，由一位苦苦挣扎的单身母亲和她的四个儿子组成。A. satisfying令人满意的；B. struggling苦苦挣扎的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据常识以及空后名词“single mother and her four sons”可知，单亲妈妈带着四个儿子，生活应是艰难挣扎的。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个大儿子都以犯罪为职业。A. involved参与，涉及；B. occupied忙于；C. checked核对；D. asked要求。根据下文“Drugs, sale of stolen items, etc.”可知，三个大儿子参与毒品，贩卖赃物。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多巡警都认识这位母亲，而她也认识他们，有些人甚至知道他们的名字，就像我父亲一样。A. time时间；B. appearance外貌；C. move移动；D. name名字。根据本句“Many of the patrol officers knew the mom and in turn she knew them”可知，巡警和这位母亲彼此认识，所以知道名字。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及她儿子的情况时，她总是很配合。A. attractive吸引人的；B. competitive竞争性的；C. positive积极的；D. cooperative合作的。根据前文“Many of the patrol officers knew the mom and in turn she knew them”及本句“when being questioned about her sons”可知，巡警和这位母亲彼此认识，所以当她被问及儿子时，她是配合的。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次拜访中，父亲和她攀谈起来。A. match比赛；B. conversation交谈，对话；C. help帮助；D. question问题。根据下文“During their talk”可知，他们在交谈。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在谈话中，她表达了对她最小的儿子的担忧。A. interest兴趣；B. curiosity好奇；C. concern担心；D. shock震惊。根据前文“The three older sons were all 2 in crime as a career.”可知，她的三个大儿子都以犯罪为事业，所以她很担心小儿子。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她觉得无力引导他循规蹈矩。A. powerless无力的；B. careless粗心的；C. selfless无私的；D. harmless无害的。根据前文“The three older sons were all 2 in crime as a career.”以及下文“The environment would not 8 it”可知，在三个大儿子都以犯罪为事业的家庭环境下，她无力引导小儿子。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：环境不允许这样做。A. get得到；B. adopt采纳；C. allow允许；D. support支持。根据前文“The three older sons were all 2 in crime as a career.”可知，这样的家庭环境没法去引导小儿子。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他当场提出了他能想到的唯一解决办法。A. on the spot当场；B. under the weather身体不适；C. on purpose故意地；D. on location现场拍摄。根据下文“He asked her if she would allow her “baby” to spend the summer in the suburbs at our house.”可知，爸爸当场就提出了解决办法。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们讨论了这个计划，决定让她的儿子看到他从未接触过的家庭生活的另一面，这对他是有益的。A. decided决定；B. assumed假定；C. promised承诺；D. predicated断言。根据空后宾语从句“that it would be beneficial for her boy to see another side of family life”可知，这是我们的决定。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们讨论了这个计划，决定让她的儿子看到他从未接触过的家庭生活的另一面，这对他是有益的。A. expected期待；B. accepted接受；C. chosen选择；D. exposed接触。根据空前“her boy to see another side of family life”可知，这是单亲妈妈的小儿子没有接触过的家庭生活。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢在后院的游泳池，他交了很多朋友。A. appreciated感激；B. wandered漫游；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. covered覆盖。根据本句“the pool in the back yard”可知，他喜欢在后院的游泳池。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的邻居都欢迎他，他也喜欢这种关注。A. gratitude感激；B. performance表演；C. attention关注；D. action行动。根据本句“The whole neighborhood welcomed him”可知，所有的邻居都欢迎他，他也喜欢这种关注。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在他在法律上惹了些小麻烦之后，他终于决定去夜校学会计，并最终找到了一份办公室工作。A. delightedly高兴地；B. finally终于；C. gradually逐渐；D. simply简单地。根据空后“decided to go to night school for accounting”可知，他终于决定去学习，终于改变了人生轨迹。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他在法律上惹了些小麻烦之后，他终于决定去夜校学会计，并最终找到了一份办公室工作。A. interviewed采访；B. landed成功得到，赢得，捞到（尤指许多人想得到的工作）；C. refused拒绝；D. advertised为……做广告。根据空后宾语“an office job”可知，他赢得了一份办公室工作。故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Recently, some 10th graders from my school held a series of Harry Potter-themed activities that brought many students’ dreams of magic to life, among ____40____ the cosplay show was the most interesting. Han Xinrui, ____41____ Harry Potter fan who cosplayed Hermione, said, “The ____42____ (prepare) was complicated but interesting. We edited clips of the characters we played from the ____43____ (origin) movies and projected them on the background for our performance. After numerous rehearsals, the actors put on their wizard robes and wigs, ____44____ (step) onto the stage and waved their hands, acting like ____45____ (superstar). Apart from the cosplay shows, the students ____46____ (encourage) to write out some famous quotes from the novels in beautiful handwriting. As one quote said, “It does not do well to be obsessed with dreams ____47____ forget to live. Working hard is important. But there is something ____48____ matters even more: believing ____49____ yourself.” These classic lines were inspiring to the students, encouraging them to keep looking ahead.
【答案】40. which
41. a 42. preparation
43. original
44. stepping
45. superstars
46. were encouraged
47. but 48. that
49. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一些十年级的学生举办的一系列以哈利波特为主题的活动。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最近，我们学校的一些十年级的学生举办了一系列以哈利波特为主题的活动，把许多学生的魔法梦想变为现实，其中角色扮演表演是最有趣的。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词a series of Harry Potter themed activities，且从句中缺少among的宾语，故填which，引导定语从句。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：韩新瑞，一个哈利波特迷，角色扮演是赫敏，她说:“准备工作很复杂，但很有趣。”fan“迷”，为可数名词，且此处为泛指，故用不定冠词a，表示一个。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：韩新瑞，一个哈利波特迷，角色扮演是赫敏，她说:“准备工作很复杂，但很有趣。”根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词preparation“准备工作”，作主语，结合空后的was可知，preparation用单数形式。故填preparation。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们从原始电影中编辑出我们所扮演的角色的片段，并投射到背景上。分析句子结构可知，本空填形容词original“原始的”，修饰名词movies，作定语 。故填original。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：经过无数次的排练，演员们穿上了魔法袍和魔法帽，走上舞台，挥舞着双手，表现得像超级明星。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为put on和waved，故本空为非谓语，且the actors与step为主动关系，故此处用动词现在分词stepping，作伴随状语。故填stepping。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：经过无数次的排练，演员们穿上了魔法袍和魔法帽，走上舞台，挥舞着双手，表现得像超级明星。名词superstar“超级明星”，为可数名词，因为主语the actors为复数，故superstar用复数形式。故填superstars。
【46题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：除了角色扮演表演，鼓励学生们用优美的笔迹写出小说中的一些名言。本文用一般过去时，陈述过去的事情，故本句也用一般过去时。此处主语the students与动词encourage“鼓励”为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were encouraged。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意：沉迷于梦想但是忘记生活是不好的。空前的be obsessed with dreams与forget to live为转折关系，故填连词but“但是”，连接前后两部分。故填but。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是还有更重要的事情：相信自己。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，且从句中缺少主语，故填that，引导定语从句。故填写that。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：但是还有更重要的事情：相信自己。根据空前的believing可知，本空填介词in。believe in oneself意为“相信自己”，为固定短语。故填in。
第三节 词汇
50. He gave me d__________ instructions on how to find JLHS, which was really time-saving.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】detailed##etailed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他给了我如何找到JLHS的详细的说明，这真的很节省时间。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词instructions，根据句意和首字母提示，表示“具体的，详细的”用detailed。故填detailed。
51. He is such an __________ (不负责任的) person that nobody wants to make friends with him.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】irresponsible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是一个不负责任的人，没有人愿意和他交朋友。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，表示“不负责任的”用irresponsible。故填irresponsible。
52. He asked me to tell him f__________ (直率地) what I wished to do.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】frankly##rankly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他要我坦率地告诉他我想做什么。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，根据汉语和首字母提示，表示“直率地”用frankly。故填frankly。
53. Hearing the terrible news, she couldn’t control herself and e__________ (爆发) with anger. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】exploded##xploded
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：听到这个可怕的消息，她控制不住自己，勃然大怒。根据中英文提示，可知为explode。叙述过去发生的事，句子的时态为一般过去时；设空处和and前的couldn’t control并列作句子的谓语，设空处应用动词过去式的形式。故填exploded。
54. Remember to make an a__________ to others if you find you are in the wrong. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】apology##pology
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你发现自己错了，记得向别人道歉。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词apology，作宾语， 不定冠词提示用单数。故填apology。
55. Nowadays the modern tools that keep us connected are e__________ away at the meaning of the friendship. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】eating##ating
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：如今，使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的意义。分析句子，设空处使用现在分词与前文构成现在进行时，表示动作正在发生。根据首字母提示和句意，表示“侵蚀”用eat away。故填eating。
56. Are your parents often the first t__________ of your anger when you get angry (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】target##arget
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当你生气的时候，你的父母是否经常是你愤怒的第一个目标？根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词target“目标，对象”，作表语，由the first可知，应用名词单数形式。故填target。
57. The group meets on a regular b__________, usually weekly or monthly. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】basis##asis
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个小组定期开会，通常是每周或每月一次。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，根据首字母提示和句意，表示“经常，定期地”用a regular basis，basis意为“基础”。故填basis。
58. Remember to wash the fruits __________ (彻底地) before eating them. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】thoroughly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：记得在吃水果之前要彻底洗净。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词，表示“彻底地”用thoroughly。故填thoroughly。
59. My bicycle has a f__________ tyre. Will you help me to repair it (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】flat##lat
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的自行车爆胎了。你能帮我修一下吗？分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据句意和首字母提示，表示“瘪的，平的”用flat。故填flat。
60. After you set a goal, it’s important to s__________ to it and work hard towards it. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】stick##tick
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在你设定了目标之后。坚持并为之努力是很重要的。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前的to构成不定式结构作主语。根据汉语和首字母提示，表示“坚持”用stick to。故填stick。
61. Making their children feel i__________ was the last thing Mama wanted to do. That’s why she lied to her children about the bank account. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】insecure##nsecure
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：让孩子感到不安全是妈妈最不愿意做的事。所以她在银行账户的事上对孩子撒谎了。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，根据句意和首字母提示，表示“不安全的”用insecure。故填insecure。
62. Learning is an active, not a p__________ behaviour which consists of hearing, understanding and remembering. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】passive##assive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：学习是一种主动的而不是被动的行为，它由听、理解和记忆组成。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据句意和首字母提示，表示“被动的，消极的”用passive。故填passive。
63. Whether by chance or by d__________, there were exactly 200 students in the hall. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】design##esign
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：不知是偶然还是有意，大厅里正好有200名学生。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为固定短语by design“有意为之的”，满足句意要求，作状语。故填design。
64. There is no point in comparing you with others all the time. Everyone is u__________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】unique##nique
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：总是拿自己和别人比较是没有意义的。每个人都是独一无二的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，根据句意以及首字母提示，表示“独特的”用unique。故填unique。
65. My parents have been the most i__________ (有影响力的) people in my life. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】influential##nfluential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的父母是我生命中最有影响力的人。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据首字母和汉语提示，表示“有影响力的”用influential。故填influential。
