牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册Unit1 Nature in the balance 单元复习课件（共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
新牛津译林版高中英语必修三Unit1Nature in the balance
单元复习课件
基础过关
(1)农业，农学 n. __________
(2)影响 n. 有影响 vi.& vt. __________
(3)损害,破坏 vt.&n. __________
(4)气候;倾向,风气 n. __________
(5)形象;图像;意象 n. __________
(6)跟踪v. 足迹;小道 n. __________
Task 1 单词过关
agriculture
impact
damage
climate
image
track
(7)无处,哪里都不 adv. __________
(8)完全地 adv. __________
(9)过程 n. 处理 vt. __________
(10)政策，方针;原则 n. __________
(11)回收利用 vt. __________
(12)地铁;地下人行道 n. __________
(13)以前的 adj. __________
nowhere
entirely
process
policy
recycle
subway
former
(14)栖息地 n. __________
(15)大陆；大洲 n. __________
(16)生态系统 n. __________
(17)营养素 n. __________
(18)策略 n. __________
(19)更远 adv. 促进 vt. __________
(20)居民 n. __________
nutrient
strategy
further
resident
habitat
continent
ecosystem
(1)发出警报 ________________
(2)充满 ________________
(3)在……中起重要作用 ________________
(4)有……的面积 ________________
(5)多于;不仅仅 ________________
(6)以……为生 ________________
Task2 短语过关
with an area of
more than
feed on
sound the alarm
be alive with
play a significant role in
(7)相应地,转而 ________________
(8)给……带来起色 ________________
(9)因为,由于 ________________
(10)逐渐增加,扩大 ________________
(11)一大批，一大群 ________________
(12)想出，想到 ________________
(13)(公开)要求;需要 ________________
build up
an army of
come up with
call for
in turn
breathe life into
due to
(14)打扫干净 ________________
(15) 致力于做某事 ________________
(16)报名参加 ________________
(17)突然想到 ________________
(18)大量的 ________________
(19)抗议 ________________
(20)为....辩护 ________________
spring to mind
large amounts of
protest against
in defense of
clean up
be devoted to doing sth.
sign up
(21)为……担忧 ________________
(22)在增长 ________________
(23)对……有害 ________________
(24)与……混合 ________________
mix up with
be concerned about
on the rise
do harm to
(1)__________(n.& vt.)伤害;损害→__________(adj.)有害的，导致损害的
(2)__________(n.)长，长度→__________(v.)(使)变长→__________ (adj.)长的;长时间的
(3)__________(n.)不同种类;变化→__________(adj.)各种各样的→__________(v.)变化
Task3 词性词形变换
lengthen
long
variety
various
harm
harmful
length
vary
(4)__________(n.&adj.)大量;一大群的→__________(adj.)巨大的;非常严重的
(5)__________(n.)灭绝，绝种→__________(adj.)绝种的
(6)__________(vi.&vt.)生存，幸存→__________(n.)幸存者→__________(n.)存活,幸存
(7)__________(vi.)消失;失踪→______________(n.)消失→__________(v.)出现
extinct
survive
survivor
survival
mass
massive
extinction
disappear
disappearance
appear
(8)__________(adj.)全球的;全面的→__________(adv.)全球地;全面地→__________(v.)(使)全球化→_____________(n.)全球化→__________(n.)地球仪;球体
(9)__________(n.)应用,运用;申请→__________(v.)申请→__________(n.)申请人
(10)__________(n.)组织;安排→__________(v.)组织→
__________(n.)组织者→__________(adj.)有组织的
globalization
globe
application
apply
global
globally
globalize
applicant
organization
organizer
organize
organized
(11)__________(adv.)绝对地，完全地;极其→__________(adj.)完全的;全部的;绝对的
(12)__________(adv. )完全地，全部地，完整地→__________(adj.)整个的;全部的
(13)__________( n. )利润，收益;好处vi.&vt.获益,得到好处→__________(adj.)有益的;有利润的
entire
profit
profitable
absolutely
absolute
entirely
(14)___________(n.)辩护;防守→___________(adj.)防御的;保护的→___________(adv.)申辩地;防守地→___________v.防御;保卫→________(n.)防守队员;后卫;保护人;防御者
(15)___________(adj.)经济的→___________(n.)经济学→___________(n. )经济;节约→___________(n.) 经济学家
(16)___________(n.)官员,要员adj.公务的;正式的,官方的→___________(adv.)正式地;官方地;公开地
defend
defender
economic
economics
defence
defensive
defensively
economy
economist
official
officially
(17)___________(n.)贫穷；贫乏→___________(adj. )贫困的
(18)___________(vt.)污染;毒死,毒害(n.)毒物,毒药→___________(adj.)有毒的
(19)___________(n.)化学制品(adj.)化学的→___________(n.)药剂师;化学家→___________(n.)化学
(20)___________(n.)结果,后果;重要性→___________(adj.)随之发生的;作为结果的→___________(adv.)因此;所以
poisonous
chemical
chemist
chemistry
poverty
poor
poison
consequence
consequent
consequently
课本回顾
Task 1 Fill in the blanks.
The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. It covers 1. _________ area of around 6 million square kilometres. It is named after the Amazon River, 2. _________ is close to 6,400 kilometres in length,
Passage One
which
an
3. _________(support) many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth, one tenth known species in the world living in it.
There are 4. _________ (variety) of plants in the Amazon rainforest. Of the 390, 000 plant species known to us, over 40, 000 can be found there. The forest's different levels support an 5. _________(believe ) variety of wildlife. Each
supporting
varieties
unbelievable
level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
There are more than l, 300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals living there.Among them 6. _________ (be) the jaguar, which can survive here.
The Amazon rainforest is not only home to numerous species of animals and plants but also known as the "lungs
is
lungs of the planet", because it breathes life 7. _________ the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. But over the past 50 years, 17 per cent of the rainforest 8. _______________(disappear) due to human activities. And some species are also in danger of 9. _________ (extinct). 10. _________ is time for us to do something to protect it.
into
has disappeared
extinction
It
Passage two
The TV host invites three guests (James Smith,Vincent Brown, and Julie Archer) to News that Matters to discuss the question 1. _________we should choose the economy or the environment. The three have different opinions as follows.
James Smith, a local resident , protests 2. _________
whether
against
heavy industry. In his hometown the air used to be fresh, the grass green, and the water clear, 3. _________ things became entirely different after heavy industry factories 4. _________ (move) in. The river is dirty and smelly. The sky isn't blue. He has even got a cough that he can't get rid of. For health and safety reasons alone, he thinks heavy industry has to go.
but
moved
However, Vincent Brown, a senior manager, doesn't agree with Smith's opinion. In 5. _________(defend) of factories, he says they are responsible businessmen and 6. _________ they have taken a lot of measures 7. _________ (reduce) pollution in the production process 8. _________ the fact that production costs are raised. Besides, they have created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's
defence
that
to reduce
despite
economy grow.
Julie Archer ,an environmental protection expert, says that there are indeed conflicts between environmental protection and economic growth.However, if people try to work hand in hand with factories and the government, a balance between the environment and development can 9. _________ (achieve ). Everyone can help by following the
be achieved
golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.10. _________ is our duty to protect our environment while aiming for economic development.
It
1. harm n. 损害; 危害; 伤害 v. 损害; 伤害
The human race had done much harm. (P1)
do sb. harm 对某人有害
do harm to ... 对……有害
come to harm 受到损害，遭到不幸
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to … 对……有害处
harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to … 对……无害的
重点讲解
2. variety n.(同一事物)不同种类，多种式样；变化；多样性；多变性(植物、语言等) 变种; 变体; 异体; 品种
The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. (P3)
a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的。后接可数名词复数和不可数名词。+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，偶尔也可用单数形式。
variety可用wide/great/large修饰。
the variety of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
vary v. 使某事物有变化, 改变某事物；相异, 不同, 有别
vary in ... 在……方面不同
vary with 随着……而变化
vary from … to …/vary between ... and ...
由……到……情况不等
variable adj. 可变的，变化无常的
various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
varied adj. 不同的，各式各样的
a mass of / masses of 大量，许多
the mass of … ……中的大多数
the masses 群众
3. mass n. 团，块，堆；大量；许多；(常指混乱的)一群; 一堆
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
(P3)
mass adj. 大批的, 广泛的
4. living adj. 活着的；活的在；使用的；在实施的
n. 生计；谋生；收入；生活方式
Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. (P3)
alive adj. 活着的。常作表语、后置定语或补语。
e.g. Who is the greatest poet alive
lively adj. 活泼的, 活跃的, 生动的。作定语或表语。
e.g. Her story about her life in Africa was lively and interesting.
live v. 居住；过……的生活 adj. 活的 (与dead相对)
adj. & adv. 现场直播，现场表演
e.g. The couple are living a peaceful life in the countryside.
This is a live tiger. Don’t get too close to it.
The club has live music most nights.
5. survive v. 生存; 存活, 继续存在；幸存; 幸免于难; 艰难度过
While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. (P3)
survive from+ 时间 从……存留下来
survive on sth. (=live on sth.) 依靠……生活
survive sth. 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过
survive sb. by… 比某人多活……
survival n. 幸存，生存，存活
survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
6. impact n. 作用，影响；撞击，冲撞
v. 有影响，有作用；冲击
As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet” (P3)
have/make/leave impact on/upon 对……产生影响
have no impact on 对……没有影响
have/make/leave an effect/influence on/upon 对……有影响
make a difference (to) 对……有影响
damage n. 损害，破坏，损失(常与to连用)；伤害
(法院判定的)损害赔偿金(常用复数形式)v. 损害,伤害,毁坏,破坏
suffer damage 遭受损坏
do/ cause damage to 给……造成损坏
damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果；
destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味；
ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
7. track v. 跟踪, 追踪
n. (人踩出的) 小道，小径；(人、动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹；车辙； 轨道，(赛跑、赛车等的)跑道；(移动的)路径, 路线, 方向
Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. (P8)
keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系
lose track of 不了解……的动态；与……失去联系
on the track 在轨道上
8. nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不。
位于句首时，句子用倒装语序。
… leave many animals with nowhere to live, or no food to eat. (P8)
go / get nowhere 毫无进展；一无所获
lead / get (sb.) nowhere 没有结果
nowhere to be seen 哪儿也看不到
nowhere near 离……差得远，远谈不上
9. protest v. (公开)反对；抗议 (+about/against/at)
坚决地表示；申辩 (+名词或从句)
n. 抗议, 抗议书(行动); 反对
Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. (P11)
without protest 乖乖地，毫不反对地
under protest 无奈地，不服气地
10. profit n. 利润，收益；赢利；好处，利益
v. 获益；得到好处；对……有益(或有用)
… irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. (P11)
make/earn a profit 盈利
A profit B = B profit from A A使B获益(B从A中获益)
profitable adj. 有利可图的；有益的
11. defence n. 防御，保卫；防御物；防御能力；国防
In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. (P11)
in defence of 为了保卫……；为了……辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护
defend v. 防御, 保护; 辩解, 辩白
defend oneself 为自己辩护; 自卫
defend sb. /sth. from/against … 保卫……免于
defensive adj. 防御的, 保护的, 保卫的
12. process n. 过程, 进程；步骤, 流程；做事方法; 流程; 工序
v. 加工；处理
We’ve been taking various measures, … to reduce pollution in the production process… (P11)
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中
in the process 同时，在……过程中
in process 在进行中
1. in turn 相应地，转而，反过来；依次
These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. (P2)
in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./ (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
by turns 交替地; 轮流
It turns/ turned out that… 结果是……
重点讲解
2. break down 使(分解)为; 使(变化)成；(机器或车辆)故障；坏掉；失败；被搞垮；破坏(感情或态度)
When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. (P2)
break into 强行进入；打断
break off 中断
break out 突发, 爆发
break through 突破, 突围
break up 打碎；分裂；分手
break away (from) 挣脱；脱离
3. due to 由于；因为；语气；到期；应归于
Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. (P3)
be due to do sth 预定做某事
be due to sb 应支付/给予/归于某人
be due to sth 由于/因为某事
due to一般只用作表语。
because of只能用作状语。
owing to既可以用作状语，也可以用作表语，平常多用于前一种情况，它引导的状语必须是修饰全句的，因此严格来讲应用逗号和主句分开。
thanks to幸亏，只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，也可用于讽刺口吻中(讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
4. come up with 想到，提出
All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. (P6)
come up with及物动词短语，人作主语；
come up(被提到)不及物动词短语, 物作主语, 不用于被动语态。
come into being 形成, 存在
come around 恢复知觉, 苏醒; 再度发生, 再次出现
come up 破土而出; (太阳)升起; 被提及, 被讨论
come about 发生；产生
come across 被理解, 被弄懂; (偶然), 发现
come back 回来, 返回; 再度流行, 再次成功
come down 崩塌, 坍塌; 落下, 降落; 下降, 降低
come out (太阳、月亮或星星) 出现; 开花; 出版, 发表
5. call for 需要；(去)接；(公开)要求
Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. (P6)
call up 给……打电话; 使……回忆起
call at 停靠; （短时间）停留
call off 取消; 停止
call in 请求; 收回
call on/upon 拜访（某人）; 号召
6. had planned to do sth. 本打算做某事，但是没做成
He had planned to borrow a book on environmental
protection, but he didn’t. (P6)
hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
e.g. We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮我。
7. spring to mind 马上想到, 突然记起(或想到)
When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and
sharks may spring to mind. (P8)
spring into action, spring into/to life
突然工作(或行动)起来
bear / keep … in mind 记住……
lose one’s mind 失去理智……
bring … to mind 使……想起
come to mind 突然想起
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 打定主意；下定决心(mind的形式随one的单复数变化而变化)
concentrate one’s mind on / upon …
集中注意力于……；专注于……
be rid of sth./sb. 摆脱某人/某事物
rid sb. / sth. of sb. / sth. (formal) 去除，清除
rid oneself of sb. / sth. 摆脱, 从……中解脱
8. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
The smog in the air has colored the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. (P11)
1. 倍数表达
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. (P2)
两倍twice；三倍或三倍以上：基数词+times
注意倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。
A is +倍数+ the size/weight/height/length/width…+ of B
A is +倍数+ as + adj./adv.原级 + as B
A is +倍数+ adj./adv.原级 + than B
A is +倍数+ what 从句
经典句型
2. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometers in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (P2)
1) “介词+关系代词” 结构中，关系代词只用whom(先行词为人)，which(先行词为物)，whose(所属关系)。
2) “介词+关系代词” 可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
3) 在限制性定语从句中，介词放关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省；若介词后置时，可用that代替which，who代替whom，也可省略关系代词。
4) 介词的选择：一先：先行词的习惯搭配；二动：定语从句中动词或形容词所需的习惯搭配；三意义：定语从句的意义。
3. 完全倒装
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. (P3)
介词短语above that放句首，句子用完全倒装。
完全倒装：讲句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语前，常用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不用于进行时或将来时。
1) 当表示方向、地点、时间的副词、介词短语there, here, out, in, up, down, now, then, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要用完全倒装语序。
2) 当主语是人称代词时, 不用倒装语序。
3) such置于句首时，后面的句子用完全倒装。
4) 表语(分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等)前置，句子用全部倒装。
4. even though引导让步状语从句
We’ve been taking various measures … even though these measures raise our production costs. (P11)
even though(= even if) 引导让步状语从句
在含有 even though, even if引导的让步状语从句的复合句中，如果主句用将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替将来时。