Module 12 Save our world 测试卷 B卷提升篇（含解析）外研版九年级上册

Module 12（B卷提升篇）
学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________
温馨提示：
本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为100分，考试时间为100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
一、语法选择
Most of us have three meals a day. We take food for granted (理所应当). And we don’t think about it. But experts argue a food crisis（危机）is coming. This crisis is going to make us 1 the way we think about food.
Food is in great need 2 the growing of world population. By 1960, the population was three billion. It doubled to six billion by 1999. By 2050, this planet will need to feed at least nine billion people. As a result, the food prices get 3 .
So, what can a hungry, crowded world do One suggestion is to eat less meat. Meat uses more natural resources than grains. It requires more land 4 one pound of meat than to produce one pound of grains. It also requires 5 5 and 10 times more water than vegetables. So, eating less meat will provide more land for farming, and it will save water.
To eat less meat, people will need to change their eating habits. That will not be 6 . Americans, for example, have always loved meat. In general, they eat twice as much meat as people in 7 countries. At the same time, in developing countries like China and Brazil, sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years. 8 will double again by 2050. Growing need of meat 9 to put pressure on natural resources.
World population is increasing, resources are becoming fewer, and food prices are rising. Therefore, we need to rethink about what we eat every day. For meat lovers, we don’t need to give up meat 10 . But we need to eat more grains and less meat.
1．A．change B．changed C．to change D．changing
2．A．since B．because C．because of D．as
3．A．highest B．more higher C．higher and higher D．much high
4．A．producing B．to produce C．produces D．produced
5．A．of B．for C．among D．between
6．A．easily B．easier C．easy D．easiest
7．A．another B．the other C．others D．other
8．A．Them B．They C．Their D．Theirs
9．A．will continue B．continued C．continue D．have continued
10．A．complete B．completely C．completed D．completing
二、完形填空
Plastic straws (吸管) are “having a hard time” in America. Seattle became the first large city in the US to ban (禁止) plastic straws. Starbucks also said they planned to 11 using straws by 2020. And more companies and governments also followed.
Plastic is 12 to the environment. Some say banning plastic straws is an important 13 towards saving our planet, but others think plastic-straw bans are inconvenient (不方便的), unnecessary, and unfair. Let's see what these two Americans said.
Josh Lee from Chicago, Illinois 14 his idea. “Plastic straws may help make drinking easy, but the long-term 15 are too high. When they are 16 , they pollute our land and sea. Sea animals sometimes mistake the plastic for food. They may 17 because of that. In my opinion, if one likes using straws, he can buy paper or steel (钢) straws to carry with him.”
Maria Suarez from Bellaire, Texas thought 18 . “Many people with disabilities (缺陷) depend on plastic straws to drink safely. Without plastic straws, people might use paper straws, 19 making paper products uses a lot of energy. Also, it creates air and water pollution. And paper can be used only once. Plastic can be reused and recycled. Finally, it is 20 to think that banning plastic straws will save the sea. Instead, we should teach people to leave rubbish in the right place so it doesn't end up on beaches or in waterways.”
11．A．start B．stop C．remember D．forget
12．A．harmful B．necessary C．friendly D．strange
13．A．reason B．lesson C．question D．step
14．A．shared B．included C．agreed D．considered
15．A．results B．costs C．problems D．relationships
16．A．cleaned up B．picked up C．given away D．thrown away
17．A．die B．lose C．fight D．escape
18．A．quickly B．clearly C．differently D．carefully
19．A．because B．but C．since D．or
20．A．wise B．helpful C．wrong D．difficult
三、阅读选择
第一节、阅读选择
A
Andrew Holleman, a 12-year-old boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for birds, other animals and many different plants.
It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some red-tailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.
Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil(土壤)would be covered with extra grounds.
When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.
Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响)the local environment. He sent letters to members of the local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.
Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went door-to-door, to ask the people to sign(签名), who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.
In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.
Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.
21．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．250 people who signed to help Andrew
B．a brave boy who cared for the environment
C．the open land that suited animals and plants
D．the research of improving the environment
22．The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means ________.
A．support B．dislike C．disagree D．prefer
23．Andrew was very worried because ________.
A．the animals would be killed
B．new houses would be built on the open land
C．not all the neighbors were going to sign
D．the local government made a right decision
24．According to the passage, Andrew ________.
A．was good at going door-to-door
B．got in no touch with the reporters
C．usually acted like a person much older
D．was praised by his teachers and classmates
25．We can infer(推测)that ________.
A．the land would remain as it used to be
B．the open land would be built into a park
C．the neighbors would have to move away
D．Andrew would soon work for the government
B
Everyone knows by now that plastic pollution is a huge problem for the environment. Beijing, for example, has dealt with this by banning (禁止) thin plastic bags, plastic tableware (餐具) and other plastic items in supermarkets, restaurants and hotels since May 1, according to CGTN.
But an even better solution might be on the way. Researchers at a French company called Carbios have discovered a bacterial enzyme (细菌酶) that can break down plastic. The enzyme, which was first found in compost (堆肥) leaves, turns plastic into chemical “building blocks” that can then be used to create new products, according to the Guardian.
The new enzyme was uncovered in research that was published last month in the journal Nature. Researchers studied over 100,000 microorganisms (微生物) to find one that could break down plastic quickly. The leaf compost enzyme was first discovered in 2012. Scientists changed its genes (基因), allowing it to break down 90 percent of one ton of plastic in less than 10 hours.
“It had been completely forgotten, but it turned out to be the best,” said Professor Alain Marty, chief science officer at Carbios.
The enzyme especially breaks down PET, a type of plastic that is most commonly used to produce plastic bottles and food packaging (包装). It is the fifth most common type of plastic that we use.
Carbios said it is working together with companies like Pepsi and Nestle – major consumers of plastic themselves – to develop their research and start using the enzyme on an industrial scale (范围), according to Forbes.
26．What do we know about the enzyme
A．It is a type of bacteria.
B．It can break down plastic quickly.
C．It is the fifth-most common type of bacteria.
D．It can break down PVC.
27．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Where the scientists found the new enzyme.
B．How the scientists changed the enzyme’s genes.
C．How the scientists found the new enzyme.
D．When the scientists found the new enzyme.
28．What does Alain Marty mean in Paragraph 4
A．It was too late to find the new enzyme.
B．The new enzyme was forgotten by experts.
C．They forgot to change the enzyme’s genes.
D．Better late than never.
29．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Carbios will work together with companies that use a lot of plastic.
B．Carbios will keep looking for a more efficient enzyme.
C．Carbios will turn its focus toward production.
D．Carbios will search for more companies like Pepsi to work with.
30．The best title of the article is_______.
A．How to protect our environment.
B．A natural way to recycle plastic.
C．Why Beijing has banned plastic items in many public places.
D．How Carbios discovered a bacterial enzyme.
C
In difficult times, there are always people who step up and bring people hope and confidence. One of them is Zhong Nanshan.
"Please don't travel to Wuhan unless it's absolutely necessary," Zhong Nanshan, a famous respiratory (呼吸科的) expert, reminded the public when the novel coronavirus first hit Wuhan. But despite the danger, he, an 84-year-old man, took the train to Wuhan to fight the disease.
Known as the hero who defeated SARS in 2003, Zhong's image and messages are flooding (遍布) social media. Many people say they "trust every word of Zhong". He has given Chinese people confidence in winning the battle.
A great doctor and honest scholar (学者)
Growing up in a family of doctors, Zhong lives by a simple motto (信条): save lives and always be honest. In 2003, when SARS hit China, he volunteered to treat patients and asked his colleagues (同事) to send their most serious patients to him. After months of work, his treatment plan for SARS was adopted (采纳) by China and then the whole world, saving thousands of lives, People's Daily reported.
Zhong is also known for being an honest scholar. In 2003, when authorities (官方) said that the SARS virus was under control, he publicly refuted their statement. "It's not all under control," Zhong said in a later interview. His honesty won widespread praise from the Chinese public.
Back to the frontlines
Seventeen years later, Zhong is once again leading an expert team to study the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒). Although this new virus is known to be more dangerous to the elderly, Zhong doesn't seem worried about his own safety.
On Jan 18, he took a high-speed train from Guangzhou to Wuhan. Two days later, he became the first expert to make certain that the new virus can be spread between humans. On January 29, he and his colleagues spent over four hours online checking five patients who were in serious condition. The next day, he chose the treatment for those patients. Under his guidance, his team developed a rapid test kit (快速检测试剂盒) for the disease that can show results within 15 minutes.
As People's Daily wrote, "the 84-year-old Zhong Nanshan shows his professionalism as a scholar, courage as a soldier, and a sense of duty as the backbone (脊梁) of our nation."
31．What can we know about Zhong Nanshan from the passage except
A．He is an expert. B．He is confident. C．He is greedy. D．He is brave.
32．What achievements did Zhong make in the fight against SARS
A．He developed the test kit for the disease. B．He treated the most serious patients online.
C．His treatment plan saved lots of people. D．He started that SARS was under control.
33．What does the underlined word "refute" mean
A．To support others' opinions. B．To say that a statement was not true.
C．To laugh at the authorities. D．To be in the fight against the epidemic (流行病).
34．What has Zhong done to fight the disease
A．He made certain that the virus could spread between humans.
B．He treated four severe patients in a day.
C．He treated five patients online alone.
D．The test kit from his team can show results within 15 seconds.
35．The aim of the story is to .
A．encourage people to stay at home B．state the importance of Zhong's warning
C．guide people to be honest and brave D．praise Zhong's courage and spirit
D
Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk(垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
Many scientists also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space
Researcher.
“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,” he says.
36．What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Telescopes.
B．Satellites.
C．Pieces of space junk.
D．BBC news reports.
37．Why is space junk considered a problem
A．It buns up after it re-enters the atmosphere
B．It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth
C．It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds
D．It may crash into other space tools causing damage or death
38．Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth's atmosphere so that .
A．the tools can be reused later
B．the tools don't become space junk
C．the earth’s atmosphere can stay clean
D．the effects of space flight can be studied
39．How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk
A．Catch it with nets.
B．Use robots to collect it.
C．Burn it in the earth's atmosphere.
D．Send it further away from the earth.
40．In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article
A．Environment.
B．Local News.
C．Education.
D．Fashion.
第二节 阅读填空
根据短文内容，将下面A---E五个句子分别填入文中空缺处，使得补全后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。
More youth are saying 'no' to meat, 'yes' to veggies
Sticking to a vegan diet might sound difficult. But in recent years, veganism(素食主义)has become a more popular lifestyle in many places. 41 In the UK, about 542,000 people turned vegan during the last decade.
So why exactly has veganism become so popular 42 The heat used to keep barns(畜棚)warm, the machines that process meat and even the animals' farts(屁)can result in more greenhouse gases. These factors are believed to account for 18 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, according to a 2013 study by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 43 A growing number of people are also deciding that it's wrong to kill animals for food, according to BBC News. Jess Murray, 22, is a student from London. He said that humans do not need to eat animals to survive. He believes whether to eat animals or not is an ethical(道德的)choice and has therefore chosen to become vegan.
44 Vegan famous people are able to use social media to spread their message and share tips about living a vegan lifestyle.
But experts also want to remind people that meat is important for our health. A strict vegan diet cannot always offer the minerals and vitamins that a human body needs, depending on one's dietary choices. 45 .
A．So you may want to think it through before you decide to become a vegan.
B．This amount is even greater than that of all the world's cars, trains and planes together.
C．According to Huff Post, more than 3 million people in the US are vegans.
D．Social media is also believed to be behind the increase in veganism, according to BBC News.
E．One reason could be that people want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放).
第2卷 非选择题
第一节、综合填空
After the lesson on the environment, the children are 46 about the future. Pollutions is a great enemy—many rivers are 47 , farmers can’t used the water for their crops. In some places, pollution from factories spreads over cities and villages. It makes people ill, and may even kill them. Also, there 48 so many cars on the roads. So much oil is used and it cause pollution as well. In a word, there’s just too much pollution, it’s a great danger to people’s 49 and life. “As students, what can we do ” the children start to discuss.
Well, 50 of all, it’s no use just talking about things they can’t do. They should do things 51 can do. Lingling suggests making their school a green school. At a green school, every class collects waste 52 can be recycled or reused. Then the school sells the waste and uses the money to help students in poor areas. Daming thinks it’s a nice idea.
“I think students at a green school should also learn ways to save energy and recycle 53 home. That means less waste.” Betty adds.
Tony agrees with his friends. He doesn’t think it’s hopeless 54 pollution is heavy now. If everyone starts to do something, the world 55 be saved.
第二节、阅读回答问题
We study and collect data about our natural environment and the wildlife living in it. Is there anyone watching us the same way US author Danielle Palli looks at this in her sci-fi novel The Data Collectors.
In her novel, humans once lived on many planets, but are now endangered. They now live only on Earth. An alien species called the “Data Collectors” is trying to figure out what caused this situation. However, other species would rather see humans die off so that they can take Earth’s natural resources.
On Earth, there is a woman named Lucene Jones who is troubled by old memories and has a talent for knowing things that she couldn’t possibly know. Members of an evil alien species want to use her special talent to take over Earth. They take over the governing body of the galaxy (星系) by corrupting (使……腐败) the body’s officials and winning their trust to help find Jones.
Fortunately, Jones gets help from the Data Collectors. With the help of them and other humans, Jones defeats (战胜) the evil aliens.
The novel is an interesting tale where space opera meets magical realism. The battle at the center of the story deals with politics, conspiracies (阴谋) and corruption. Along the way, readers can think about how the story touches on subjects such as immigration.
56．What kind of novel is The Data Collectors
57．What do the Data Collectors try to figure out
58．Why is Lucene Jones being hunted by the evil aliens
59．Who offers help to Lucene Jones
60．What happens to Lucene Jones in the end
第三节、书面表达
61．近年来，环境污染越来越严重，因此环境保护越来越受到政府和人们的重视，你校准备举行“保护环境，从我做起”的英语征文比赛，你打算投稿，请根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。
造成污染的主要原因：
1.工厂增加，随意倾倒污水。
2.汽车增多，排放大量二氧化碳，人们乱扔垃圾。
3.保护环境的必要性：没有好的环境，人们身体就受到威胁。
4. 自己建议：2-3条。
Act now to protect the environment
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参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．B
【分析】短文主要讲了粮食危机即将到来。世界人口的增长迫切需要粮食，资源正在减少，食品价格在上涨。因此，我们需要重新思考我们每天吃的东西。
1．句意：危机将会使我们改变对食物的看法。
change改变，动词原形；changed改变，动词过去式；to change改变，to do不定式；changing改变，动名词。make sb do使某人做某事，空格处填动词原形。故选A。
2．句意：由于人口增长，食物需求量很大。
since自从；because因为，后跟完整的句子；because of因为，后跟短语或名词等；as当，作为。由下文“the growing of world population.”可知，由于人口增长，食物需求变大；且“the growing of world population.”为短语。故选C。
3．句意：结果，食品价格越来越高。
highest最高的，最高级；more higher无此种形式；higher and higher越来越高；much high无此种形式。由上文“By 1960, the population was three billion. It doubled to six billion by 1999. By 2050, this planet will need to feed at least nine billion people.”可知，人越来越多，需要的食物就越来越多。故选C。
4．句意：少吃一点肉可以给农业耕作多提供一些土地，并节约用水。
producing提供，动名词；to produce提供，to do不定式；produces提供，动词单三；produced提供，动词过去式。由“than to produce one pound of grains”可知，than前后结构要一致，后面用to do不定式，前面也用to do不定式。故选B。
5．句意：它还需要比蔬菜多5到10倍的水。
of……的；for为了；among三者或者三者以上之间；between两者之间。“between…and…”表示“在……和……之间”，故选D。
6．句意：这可不容易。
easily容易地；easier较容易的；easy容易的；easiest最容易的。观察句子，无比较，作表语，故填形容词原形。故选C。
7．句意：一般来说，他们吃的肉是其他国家人吃的两倍。
another三者或三者以上另一个；the other两者中的另一个；others其余的/剩余的（事或物）；other其他的，后加可数名词复数。由空后单词“countries”可知，此处作定语修饰可数名词复数，故填other。故选D。
8．句意：到2050年，这一数字将再翻一番。
Them他们，宾格，作宾语；They他们，主格，作主语；Their他们的，后跟名词；Theirs他们的，相当于“their+n.”。观察句子空格处作主语，“they”指代上文的数据，故选B。
9．句意：不断增长的肉类需求将继续给自然资源带来压力。
will continue继续，一般将来时；continued继续，一般过去时；continue继续，一般现在时；have continued继续，现在完成时。由前文“by 2050”可知，应该用一般将来时。故选A。
10．句意：对于肉食爱好者来说，我们不需要完全放弃肉食。
complete完成，动词；completely完全地，副词；completed完成，过去式/过去分词；completing完成，动名词。由下文“But we need to eat more grains and less meat.”可知，对于喜欢吃肉的人来说，不必完全放弃吃肉，只是要少吃一些；副词修饰动词。故选B。
11．B 12．A 13．D 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。讨论应不应该禁止使用塑料吸管及其理由。
11．句意：星巴克也声明，他们计划到2020年停止使用吸管。
start开始；stop停止；remember记得；forget忘记。由上文“Seattle became the first large city in the US to ban plastic straws.”可知，星巴克也停止使用吸管。故选B。
12．句意：塑料对环境有害。
harmful有害的；necessary必要的；friendly友好的；strange奇怪的。由下文“saving our planet”可知，塑料是对环境有害的。be harmful to对……有害。故选A。
13．句意：有些人说禁止使用塑料吸管是我们拯救地球迈出的重要一步。
reason原因；lesson课；question问题；step步骤。由上文“saving our planet”可知，禁止塑料吸管是向环境保护迈进的一步。故选D。
14．句意：来自伊利诺伊州芝加哥的Josh Lee分享了他的想法。
shared分享；included包含；agreed同意；considered考虑。由下文“Plastic straws may help make drinking easy……”可知，他分享了一些他的想法。故选A。
15．句意：塑料吸管可能帮助我们喝起来更容易，长期使用的成本太高。
results结果；costs成本；problems问题；relationships关系。由后文“too high”可知，是成本高。故选B。
16．句意：当塑料吸管被扔掉后，它们会污染土地和海洋。
cleaned up打扫干净；picked up捡起；given away捐赠；thrown away扔掉。由后文“they pollute our land and sea”可知，被扔掉的吸管会污染环境。故选D。
17．句意：它们可能会因此而死亡。
die死亡；lose失去；fight打架；escape逃跑。由前文“Sea animals sometimes mistake the plastic for food”可知，一些动物误食吸管会死亡。故选A。
18．句意：来自得克萨斯州贝莱尔的Maria Suarez想得不一样。
quickly快速地；clearly清晰地；differently不同地；carefully认真地。由下文他的观点“Many people with disabilities (缺陷) depend on plastic straws to drink safely”和上文观点不同。故选C。
19．句意：没有塑料吸管，人们可能会使用纸质吸管，但是生产纸制品会消耗很多能源。
because因为；but但是；since自从；or或者。由下文“making paper products uses a lot of energy”可知，纸质吸管消耗能量更多，表转折。故选B。
20．句意：最后，认为禁止使用塑料吸管就能拯救海洋的想法是错误的。
wise明智的；helpful有帮助的；wrong错误的；difficult困难的。由“Instead, we should teach people to leave rubbish in the right place so it doesn't end up on beaches or in waterways.”可知，前面的想法是错误的，相反，我们应该教人们将其使用在正确的地方。故选C。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了12岁少年安德鲁保护环境的故事。
21．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.” 可知，全文围绕着一个勇敢的男孩为保护环境所做的事展开的。故选B。
22．词义猜测题。根据第三段“The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die.”可知，在这块土地上建很多房子会导致植物被除去，动物逃走或死去，有很多坏影响，因此安德鲁号召邻居们不同意在这里建很多房子，由此可推测，oppose的意思是不同意。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段“Suddenly it was announced that the ‘empty’ land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil would be covered with extra grounds.”可知，因为安德鲁听说将要在这片开阔的土地上建造很多新房子，他担心了。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据第六段“Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment.”可知， 老师说他温文尔雅、腼腆、活泼好动，同学钦佩他对当地动植物和环境的了解。从而推断安德鲁的老师表扬他，同学钦佩他。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第七段“In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.” 可知，最后，土地对于那儿的鸟类、动物和植物来说仍然是个安全的地方。由此，可推断出：这块空地和过去保持一样，没有改变。故选A。
26．B 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．B
【分析】本文介绍一种能够分解塑料的酶，如果我们很好利用，可以解决塑料污染的问题。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers at a French company called Carbios have discovered a bacterial enzyme (细菌酶) that can break down plastic法国一家名为Carbios的公司的研究人员发现了一种能分解塑料的细菌酶”可知细菌酶能够分解塑料，故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers studied over 100,000 microorganisms (微生物) to find one that could break down plastic quickly. The leaf compost enzyme was first discovered in 2012研究人员分析了超过1000种微生物去找出能够快速分解塑料的那种。叶堆肥酶在2012年首先被发现”可知这一段主要介绍新的细菌酶是怎样被发现的，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段“It had been completely forgotten, but it turned out to be the best虽然已经被遗忘了，但是它被证明是最好的”可知这段话表达“亡羊补牢，未为晚”的意思，故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第六段“Carbios said it is working together with companies like Pepsi and Nestle – major consumers of plastic themselves – to develop their research and start using the enzyme on an industrial scale (范围), according to Forbes.根据福布斯杂志，Carbios公司说它正在与像百事、雀巢——塑料制品的主要消费者等这样的公司合作，开展他们的研究并开始在工业范围使用细菌酶”可知这种酶将要大规模用于工业中，说明Carbios公司将注意力要转移到生产上，与使用的公司合作生产，故选C。
30．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍一种能够分解塑料的酶，如果我们好好利用，那么可以解决塑料污染的问题，而且通过这种方法解决塑料不会污染环境，故选B。
31．C 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【分析】本文主要介绍了钟南山院士。他出生在医生家庭，他的信念是：拯救生命，永远诚实。他在03年的非典抗疫中做出了巨大的贡献，在2020年的冠状病毒出现时，84岁的他毅然前往武汉，再次为抗击疫情做出了巨大贡献。钟南山院士是真正的学者，真正的战士，更是国家的脊梁。
31．细节理解题。根据“he became the first expert”可知，他是一个专家；根据“He has given Chinese people confidence”可知，他是自信的；根据“Zhong doesn't seem worried about his own safety”可知，他是勇敢的。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“his treatment plan for SARS was adopted (采 纳) by China and then the whole world, saving thousands of lives”可知，他在非典中制定了有效的治疗计划，拯救了许多人。故选C。
33．词义猜测题。根据官方说非典“was under control ”和钟南山说“ It’s not all under control”可知，他认为官方的观点是不正确的。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“he became the first expert to make certain that the new virus can be spread between humans.”可知，他是第一个说新冠肺炎具有传播性的专家。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据通读全文后可知本文主要讲了钟南山院士在两次疫情中的表现，高度赞扬了他的精神与勇气。故选D。
36．C 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．A
【分析】试题分析：本文主要讲述了垃圾不仅是地球上，而且也是太空里的一大问题，对人类生存环境造成极大的影响，许多科学家也提出了清理太空垃圾的不同方法。
36．根据前文According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth.和There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.可知，“these”指“太空垃圾”。故选C。
37．根据第三段第一句Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. 可知，它可能会撞击其他空间工具造成损害或破坏。故选D。
38．根据第五段第一句 To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most.可知，是为了使太空工具不成为太空垃圾。故选B。
39．根据第六段最后一句 The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.可知，德国人计划利用机器人回收太空垃圾。故选B。
40．根据本文主要讲述了垃圾不仅是地球上，而且也是太空的一大问题，对人类生存环境造成极大的影响，许多科学家也提出了清理太空垃圾的不同方法， 所以本语篇与“环境”有关。故选A。
41．C 42．E 43．B 44．D 45．A
【分析】现在素食主义越来越受欢迎，受欢迎的原因和温室气体的排放有关，其次人们认为杀害动物是不道德的，社交媒体也被认为是素食主义增加的背后原因。但专家们也想提醒人们，肉类对我们的健康很重要。严格的素食饮食不能总是提供人体所需的矿物质和维生素。因此，在决定成为素食主义者之前一定要慎重考虑。
41．根据后文“In the UK, about 542,000 people turned vegan during the last decade.”可知，在英国，近十年来约有542000人变成了素食主义者。此处说明素食主义在许多地方已成为一种更受欢迎的生活方式。选项C“在英国，超过3百万人是素食主义者”符合语境。故选C。
42．根据前文“So why exactly has veganism become so popular ”可知，前文提出为什么素食主义如此流行的问题，后面必定要解释原因；选项E“一个原因可能是人们希望减少温室气体排放”符合语境。故选E。
43．根据前文“These factors are believed to account for 18 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions”可知，前文提及了占比18%的数字；选项B“这个数字甚至超过了世界上所有汽车、火车和飞机的总和”符合语境。故选B。
44．根据后文“Vegan famous people are able to use social media to spread their message and share tips about living a vegan lifestyle.”可知，素食主义名人通过社交媒体对素食主义进行宣传，选项D“据英国广播公司新闻报道，社会媒体也被认为是素食主义增加的背后原因”符合语境。故选D。
45．根据前文“A strict vegan diet cannot always offer the minerals and vitamins that a human body needs”可知，严格的素食饮食不能总是提供人体所需的矿物质和维生素，即素食饮食有不足之处，选项A“因此在你决定成为一个素食主义者之前，你可能要好好考虑一下”符合语境。故选A。
46．worried 47．polluted 48．are 49．health 50．first 51．they 52．that/which 53．at 54．although /though 55．will
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了上完课后，学生们关于环境污染问题的讨论。
46．句意：上完环境课后，孩子们担心未来。根据下文“Pollutions is a great enemy—many rivers are…, farmers can’t used the water for their crops.”可知，此处是孩子们担心未来。短语be worried about…“担心……”。故填worried。
47．句意：污染是一个大的敌人——许多河流都被污染了，农民不能把水用来种植庄稼。根据下文“farmers can’t used the water for their crops.”可知，此处是许多河流被污染了。这里是被动语态，其结构是be done的形式。pollute是动词，过去分词是polluted。故填polluted。
48．句意：还有，路上有很多车。这里是there be句型；主语是“so many cars”be动词用复数，这里是一般现在时态，be动词用are。故填are。
49．句意：这对人们的健康和生命是一个很大的危险。污染是一个大问题，对人们的健康和生命都很危险。and连接并列成分，life是名词，生命；此处用名词“health”健康。故填health。
50．句意：首先，谈论他们不能做的事情是没有用的。first of all是固定词组“首先”。此处是放在首位，故填first。
51．句意：他们应该做他们能做的事。根据上文“it’s no use just talking about things they can’t do.”可知，这里是他们应该做他们该做的事情。这里是定语从句中的主语they，they can do在这里修饰things。故填they。
52．句意：在绿色学校，每个班级都收集可以回收或再利用的废物。先行词是waste是物，定语从句关系词用that或which引导；故填that/which。
53．句意：我认为绿色学校的学生也应该学会如何在家里节约能源和回收利用。根据“students at a green school should also learn ways to save energy and recycle”可知，这里是在家的节约能源和回收利用。故填at。
54．句意：尽管现在污染很重，他不认为没有希望。根据“pollution is heavy now”可知，此处是although /though引导的让步状语从句。故填although /though。
55．句意：如果每个人都开始做些什么，世界就会被拯救。根据“If everyone starts to do something”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态。这里用一般将来时，will+动词原形。故填will。
56．It is a sci-fi novel. 57．They try to figure out why people are now endangered and live only on Earth.
58．Beause she has a talent for knowing things that she couldn't possibly know.
59．The Data Collectors and other humans. 60．She defeats the evil aliens.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了一群外星人想要通过Jones攻占地球，在“数据收集者们”的帮助下，Jones打败了坏外星人的故事。
56．根据文中第一段“US author Danielle Palli looks at this in her sci-fi novel The Data Collectors.”可知，这是一部科幻小说。故填It is a sci-fi novel.
57．根据文中第二段“In her novel, humans once lived on many planets, but are now endangered. They now live only on Earth. An alien species called the ‘Data Collectors’ is trying to figure out what caused this situation.”可知，叫 “数据收集者们”的外星人想弄明白人类濒临灭绝并住在地球的原因。故填They try to figure out why people are now endangered and live only on Earth.
58．根据文中第三段“there is a woman named Lucene Jones who is troubled by old memories and has a talent for knowing things that she couldn’t possibly know. Members of an evil alien species want to use her special talent to take over Earth.”可知，外星人想获得她的能力来攻占地球。故填Beause she has a talent for knowing things that she couldn't possibly know.
59．根据文中第四段“Jones gets help from the Data Collectors.With the help of them and other humans, Jones defeats (战胜) the evil aliens.”可知，Jones得到了“数据收集者们”以及其他人类的帮忙。故填The Data Collectors and other humans.
60．根据文中第四段“Fortunately, Jones gets help from the Data Collectors. With the help of them and other humans, Jones defeats (战胜) the evil aliens.”可知，Jones最终打败了坏外星人。故填She defeats the evil aliens.
61．
参考范文
Pollution is more and more serious. There are many reasons for it. For one reason, more and more factories are built and some of them put dirty water into the rivers without cleaning it. And most people are richer than before. So more and more people have cars. They send out harmful gases, and some people throw rubbish everywhere.
To protect our environment. We have to take action now. First, factories must make the water clean before they put it into the rivers. Second, we had better take buses more often instead of cars. Last but not least, we should put rubbish into dustbins.
Let’s try our best to protect our environment.
【详解】1.题干解读：改题目属于应用文写作。要根据提示，先把造成环境污染的原因交代清楚，再举例说明，保护环境的必要性以及作为中学生，保护环境，我们应该如何做？提出自己的建议。最后发出倡议：让我们尽力保护我们的环境吧！
2.写作指导：本文应该采用第一人称发出倡议。时态采用一般现在时，要注意谓语动词形式的变化，另外还要使用一些句型和短语，使整篇文章意思连贯，表达流畅。
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