2024年中考英语二轮语法专题 情态动词与动词语态课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
2024中考一轮
语法专题复习
情态动词与动词语态
一、情态动词
1. 表示能力
can和could意为“能；会”，此时could是can的过去式。
I can play piano.
Mike could speak Chinese when he was three.
2. 表示许可或征求对方的许可
can/could/may/might可用来表达允许某人做某事
或征求对方的许可。
You can turn on the radio.
May/Could I borrow your book
3. 表示推测
句式
情态动词
意义
用法
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
must
一定；肯定
表示有把握的肯定推测
may/might/
could
可能
表示不太有把握的肯定推测
can’t
couldn’t
不可能
表示有把握的否定推测
may not
might not
可能不
表示不太有把握的否定推测
can
could
可能
表示推测
4. 表示请求对方做某事
使用句型“Could/Would you (please) do sth. ”或
“Would you mind (doing) sth. ”
Would you mind turning off the TV
5. 表示建议
使用句型“Would you like (to) … ”或“Shall we … ”
Would you like to have a picnic with me
Shall we have a picnic
6. 表示应该、义务
should/ought to/must用来表示应该、义务等。
We ought to protect our sea environment.
7. 表示命令、禁止、不得不
must, mustn’t, have/has to用来表示命令、禁止、不得不。
I must go now.
8. 表示意愿
would like意为“想要”，表示意愿。
I would like some oranges and bread.
9. 表示没有必要
needn’t, don’t/doesn’t have to用来表示没有必要。
We needn’t worry about him.
You don’t have to do that.
Have a try!
1.— Is this book Linda’s — It _____be hers.Sandy’s name is on the cover. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not
2.You are not allowed to play with fire in the forest.It______ kill plants,animals and even people.
A.might B.might not C.should D.should not
3.He ______ sleep, although he tried to. One cup of coffee in the late afternoon caused him to stay awake almost all night.A.wouldn’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
4.You haven’t eaten all day. You be very hungry.
A.couldn’t be B.can’t C.might D.must
5.Mr.Jonathan ________ your new English teacher.
A.maybe B.be might C.may be D.might is
6.— ______ you give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need
7.—Mom, I watch TV tonight
—Sure, but you finish your homework first.
A.can; mustn’t B.may; could
C.may; can’t D.can; must
8.—Mum, it’s too hot. I swim in the lake with my friends
—No, you .That’s too dangerous!
A.Could; mustn’t B.Need; couldn’t
C.Must; needn’t D.Should; can’t
9.You _________smoke here! Look at the sign.It says “No smoking”.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can D.may not
10—Allen, shall we go to the library this afternoon
—I’m sorry, David, but I meet my cousin at the train station.
A.have to B.can C.may D.could
11.—Must I hand in the report now, sir
—________ .You can hand it in tomorrow.
A. Yes, you can B. Yes, you must
C. No, you needn’t D. No, you mustn’t
二、动词的语态
1.定义
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
I usually eat lunch at about 1 pm.
主动语态
Lunch is usually eaten by me at about 1 pm.
被动语态
2.被动语态的基本构成：
Be动词+及物动词的过去分词
时态 构成 例句
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
现在完成时
am/is/are +动词
过去分词
Robots are used more and more widely today.
was/were+动
词过去分词
The building was built in 2002.
am/is/are +being+动词过去分词
A library is being built now.
have/has+been+动词过去分词
The door has been locked.
时态 构成 例句
一般将来时
含有情态动词的被动语态
am/is/are going to/
will/shall be+动词过去分词
Breakfast will be served if you live in our hotel.
情态动词+be+动词
过去分词
Our hands should be washed
before eating.
—Do you need any help
—No, thanks.We a lot of support since last year. A.have offered B.have been offered
C.were offered D.were offering
3.被动语态的用法：
（1）不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Paper is made from wood.
（2）需要强调动作的承受者。
He was awarded the first prize.
（3）出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well.
（4）用于表示“据说/据报道/人们相信”等的固定句式。
It is believed that health is above wealth.
被动语态的注意事项如下：
(1) there be结构没有被动语态。
(2) happen，rise，appear，come out等不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态。
(3)主动句中宾语为反身代词的没有被动语态。
(4) look，sound，smell 等系动词或sell，write, wash等表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词可以用主动语态表示被动含义。
These books sell well.
(5) talk about，pay attention to，take care of 等动词短语在使用被动语态时，其中的介词不可遗漏。
Her daughter is taken good care of by her.
(6)在主动语态中，see，watch，hear等感官动词和使役动词make后接省略to的动词不定式，但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to还原。
I made him buy some postcards.
→He was made to buy some postcards by me.
(7)双宾语结构改为被动语态时，若直接宾语作主语，动词后要加上介词；若间接宾语作主语，则动词后不用加介词。
My friends give me some advice.
→ Some advice is given to me by my friends.
I am given some advice by my friends.
Have a try!
1.When I was young, I ______ by my grandparents.
A.take care of B.taken care of
C.was take care D.was taken care of
2.—A new airport will be built in Tantou, Longhui.
—Good news! But a lot of good farmland .
A. will waste B. may be wasted
C. has wasted D.is wasted
3.Earth Day ________ in 1970 for the first time, and the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
A. celebrated B. was celebrated
C. is celebrated D. has been celebrated
4.In February, 2020, many doctors and nurses _____to Wuhan to save the patients.
A.was sent B.were sent C.are sent D.were send
5.Our plan to have a graduation ceremony ______ in the next class meeting.
A. was discussed B. will discuss
C. is discussed D. will be discussed
6.This pair of trousers smooth because they
are made of Chinese silk.
A. feels B. feel C. is felt D. are felt
专题达标练习
1.—Whose book is this
—It _____ be Nancy’s.Look! Her name is on its cover(封面).
A.must B.can’t C.mustn’t D.may
2.—Mom, I feel a little bit thirsty now.
—These bottles_______ with water. Have some, please.
A. are filled B. filled C. fill D. are filling
3.If the science fiction _________ into English, it will be popular around the world. A. translates B. is translated
C. translated D. was translated
4.You be able to control all the things that happen to
you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.
A. need not B. may not C. must not D. should not
5.These gifts ________ by children in their last summer holidays.
A. made B. were made C. make D. are made
6.Our sports meeting until the end of July.
A. puts off B. will put off
C. will be put off D.is putting
7.—Whose textbook is it Is it Jenny’s
—No, it be Jenny’s.Look, Helen’s name is on the cover.I think it be Helen’s.
A.can’t; must B.mustn’t; must
C.can’t; may D.mustn’t; may
8.—Must we wear school uniforms everywhere
—No, we ______.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.may not
9.Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it ______ to the world.
A. was known B. is known C. has been known D. knows
10.No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all the problems can _______ in the end.
A. solve B. be solved
C. answer D. be answered
中考链接
1.(2021,昆明) A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they ________ to make their own decisions.
A. should allow B. shouldn’t allow
C. should be allowed D. shouldn’t be allowed
2.(2021,营口) Where we should go next Friday.
A. is decided B. was decided
C. will be decided D. has been decided
3.(广西百色)Paper, one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China, ________by Cai Lun about 2, 000 years ago.
A.was invented B.is invented
C.were invented D.are invented
4.(湖南益阳)—How clean the roads are!
—They ______ by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A. are cleaned B. clean C. will clean D.are cleaning
5.(2021,天津)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.
A. will love B. was loved C. is loved D. will be loved
6.(2021,铜仁市)—Must I wash my clothes at once,mom？
—No,you.______. You _______ wash them before 5:00 p.m.
A.needn’t；may B.mustn’t；may
C.needn’t；need D.mustn’t；must
7.(2022,大连) — May I park my car here
—No,you _________. Can’t you see the sign P
A. mustn’t B. wouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t.
Thank you!
Best wishes to you!