人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 课件(共33张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 课件(共33张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-30 19:26:20 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
BY YUSHEN
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Learning About Language
人教版（2019）选择性必修四
Build up your vocabulary
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. grasp the meaning and usage of some key words in specific contexts;
2. memorize and distinguish some words related to money;
3. use the correct forms of the words to complete an exercise about AI
development;
4. discuss your opinion on AI development with your partner.
Review
Complete the conversation using the words from the story we have learnt.
A: Personally, I think Tony is really a b_____. I’d love a robot like Tony living at my house.
B: You did Tony was just a machine. Yes, maybe Claire fell in love with him because of his
i________ and d______, but I don’t believe robots can feel emotions of any kind. That’s the
difference between them and us.
A: Well, I disagree. I think Tony loved Claire. Remember how he helped her when he knew what the
rude s__________ did to her and when she fell off the ladder.
B: Yes, but that was just part of Tony’s role. The Three Laws! He could not allow a human being to be
hurt physically or emotionally. So he watched her when she working on the s________ light, or
d_______ that he didn’t want to leave her. That was how he was made!
A: Yes, such a shame really! I suppose that was the company’s greatest mistake. They made the robot
look so much like a real man, so it caused confusing emotions like g____ or love towards it. If
these robots come to the market, I think only people with big s______ can afford one.
onus
ntegrity
ignity
aleswoman
uspended
eclared
uilt
alary
Practice
Replace the underlined parts with words of similar meanings from the text. Rewrite the sentences if necessary.
1. We believe he is a man of absolute honesty, and trust his words completely.
2. Henry told me that he was in a hurry as he had arranged to see the dentist at 10:00 a.m.
3. Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s self-respect into pieces. We should be aware
of this and not spread unkind news around.
4. Because of the holiday, the students were allowed to go home early.
5. Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
integrity
had an appointment with
dignity
were dismissed
not guilty
Tony always treated Claire with dignity, and she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity. Therefore, she began to trust him. For me, those who are honest and sincere are more likely to win my trust.
Obviously, Claire was innocent of cheating on her husband, yet she did follow all Tony’s instructions and tend to rely on him emotionally, which showed that her attitude and feelings changed greatly. I believe that’s why she felt guilty somehow.
Use words we have learned to answer the following questions.
Why did Claire begin to trust Tony What do you think is the most important factor that helps us to earn people’s trust
Why do you think though it was completely innocent, Claire still felt guilty when she was discovered by Gladys
Suggested Answers
Match each word with the proper definition below.
1 income 2 fee 3 fare 4 payment 5 salary 6 bonus 7 saving 8 wage
( ) money that someone is paid regularly, usually monthly, by the organisation he or she is
working for
( ) money given for work done, goods received, etc.
( ) money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis
( ) extra amount of money added to somebody’s wages as a reward for hard work or good
performance
( ) money received from work, investments and so on
( ) money paid to a professional person or organisation for advice or services
( ) money paid for a journey on public transport, such as the bus, train, or taxi
( ) money saved for a special purpose
5
4
8
6
1
2
3
7
Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.
income fee fare payment salary bonus saving wage
1. Tourism is critical to the area, for it is a major source of _______.
2. According to the latest policy, children and senior citizens travel at half ____.
3. Working at the coal mine, he received his ______ on Fridays.
4. At the end of year, you are to receive a Christmas ______ ranging from $50 to
$100.
5. School _____ are high in England.
6. He is at present on a ______ of $20,000 a year.
7. He kept his _______ in a bank.
8. Bob are finding it difficult to meet the _________ on his car.
income
fare
wage
bonus
fees
salary
savings
payments
Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
fascinating test out dismiss science fiction more like dignity intelligent
It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and ____________ in the future. For example, robots first appeared in sci-fi novels, but now robot soldiers have already been __________ in war. Robot experts have also built robots that can see, talk, and do other things like humans. Although a robot that looks __________ a human than a machine could make many people a bit uncomfortable, we have to admit that it is a __________ possibility. Sophia, currently said to be the most advanced AI robot in the world, is a great example. She has been interviewed many times, appeared on the covers of magazines, and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything. So have we lost the __________ of being the most intelligent creature Maybe in the future, as AI becomes even more __________, it will become a major threat to humans. However, some people ________ this fear. They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”.
science fiction
tested out
more like
fascinating
dignity
intelligent
dismiss
Read this passage, think about the following questions, then in pairs share your opinion on AI development.
How do people feel about AI robots looking more like a human than a machine
What are people’s attitudes towards more and more intelligent robots
Do you agree that Sophia should be given citizenship Why or why not
Review useful structures
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. review the usage of passive voice;
2. know how to use the passive voice in specific contexts and understand
its meaning;
3. analyze the content and language style of introductions about science
fiction novels.
Lead-in
Review passive voice.
What’s the form of passive voice
Tenses Forms
the simple present tense
the simple past tense
the simple future tense
the past future tense
the present continuous tense
the past continuous tense
the present perfect tense
the past perfect tense
the future perfect tense
including modal verb
助动词be +及物动词的过去分词
am / is / are + done
was / were + done
shall / will be + done
would be + done
am / is / are being + done
was / were being + done
have / has been + done
had been + done
will have been + done
modal verb be + done
Practice
Scan the reading text and find the sentences with the verbs in the passive voice. Then rewrite the sentences in the active voice.
Claire was going to test out the household robot.
The robot wouldn’t allow anybody to harm her.
A robot was looking after her.
Someone didn’t allow the robot to accompany her to the shops.
The saleswoman was treating her badly.
How awful Gladys discovered that she and Tony were in a relationship.
The robot was transforming the house completely.
A robot was offering sympathy for her.
Identify the passive voice of predicate and non-predicate.
the passive voice of predicate
the passive voice of non-predicate
to be tested out
to be harmed
was being looked after
was not allowed
was being treated
to be discovered
was being transformed
be being done
be done
to be done
was being offered
The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. It is used when we don’t know the performer, or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted), or the performer is to be highlighted (and therefore placed toward the end).
Discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
Suggested Answer
Make sentences with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the voices of the verbs.
EXAMPLE
I can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)
→ It must have been stolen.
1. I didn’t go to the party last night. (invite)
→ I
2. Li Fei’s parents sent him to stay with his grandparents because they had to work in a big city far away. (bring
up, grandparents)
→ Li Fei
3. That guy has been walking behind us for a while. (we, follow)
→ I think
4. My mother always tells me what I should do. (don’t like, tell)
→ I
5. We can’t work in the office next month. (redecorate)
→ Our office
must not have been invited.
was brought up by his grandparents because his parents had to work in a big city far away.
we are being followed by that guy for a while.
don’t like being told what to do by my mother.
will be redecorated next month so we can’t work.
Workbook
被动语态
1. 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的
变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时的变化规则一样。
2. 用法：通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：
（1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。
My window was broken yesterday. 昨天我的窗户被打破了。
The audience are asked to keep silent. 观众被要求保持安静。
（2）强调动作的承受者。
The store is run by the trade union. 这家店由工会管理。
The first prize was won by Henry. 一等奖被亨利获得。
（3）出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者。
He has been warned of this twice. 关于此事，他已经被警告两次了。
The plan was generally considered not practical. 那项计划被普遍认为不切实际。
被动语态
3. 注意的问题：
（1）不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，这类动词（短语）常见的有happen, last, rise,
occur, break out, take place, come true等。感官动词或表示情况变化的动词也不能用于
被动语态，这类动词常见的有look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, remain, stay,
continue, become, grow, get, come, go等。
The war broke out in 1941. 战争于1941年爆发。
（2）在主动语态中，动词see, hear, make, watch, notice等后面作宾语补足语的不定式不
带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
They made him go there alone. → He was made to go there alone.
（3）带介词或副词的动词短语（如look after, put on, pay attention to等）变为被动语态时，
它们原来所带的介词或副词须保留。
She often looks after the old. → The old are often looked after by her.
被动语态
（4）接双宾语的动词变为被动语态
主动语态：动词+间接宾语（通常指人）+直接宾语（通常指事物）
被动语态：间接宾语变为被动句主语，直接宾语保留；直接宾语变为被动句主语，间接宾
语前面加介词to或for
He gave her some beautiful flowers.
→ She was given some beautiful flowers. (间接宾语变主语)
→ Some beautiful flowers were given to her. (直接宾语变主语)
（5）某些动词通常不使用被动语态，在形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。适用于这
种情况的动词主要有sell, wash, write, drive, eat, shut等。这时主语一般是指物的
名词，这些动词往往指事物的特征，且常用well, badly, easily等副词来修饰。
Books of this kind sell well. 这种书很畅销。
This sweater washes well. 这件毛衣很耐洗。
被动语态
（6）get型被动句
构成被动语态有时还可以用get。
Be careful when you cross the road, or you may get hit by a car.
过马路时要小心，否则你可能会被汽车撞到。
（7）有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say, expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know
等，其被动语态可以有两种变法。
People say that he is an agricultural scientist.
→ It is said that he is an agricultural scientist.
→ He is said to be an agricultural scientist.
We expect that our team will win the game.
→ It is expected that our team will win the game.
→ Our team is expected to win the game.
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. What is done cannot __________. (undo)
2. Janet __________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3. Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
4. A 3,000-seat venue _____________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5. Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7. It is a great honour for me to __________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary _________________ at the meeting.
(discuss)
9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of
650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to ___________ to a top university. (admit)
be undone
was elected
be added
was built / will be built
has been improved
is allowed
be invited
was being discussed
be admitted
Translate these sentences into Chinese.
1. 木已成舟。
2. 珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
3. 蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
4. 一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成／将在十一月建成。
5. 自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。
6. 经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
7. 我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。
8. 我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
9. 使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分
650）。他有望被一所名校录取。
Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.
prohibit expect set to make sure fasten make stow switch off
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and ________ to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must _________ “flight mode” or ___________ until an announcement ________ upon arrival. Smoking ____________ throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!
...
Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please _________ your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position. Make sure your seat belts ___________ (securely) and all carry-on luggage ________ underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!
expected
be set to
switched off
is made
is prohibited
make sure
are fastened
is stowed
Workbook
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ____________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye __________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao ______________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories _________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ____________ when you go on reading.
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect
is regarded
explored / represented
written
was translated
represents
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
be discovered
Production
The passage is a book introduction to the sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem, written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin. With The Three-Body Problem, the writer intends to tell us how our future can be freely imagined and represented in science fiction.
The first paragraph tells about the book’s writer and translator and introduces its influence and achievement. The second paragraph contains a very brief summary of the book’s beginning, which is aimed to arouse readers’ curiosity.
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel again and think about the following questions.
What’s the main idea of this introduction Why does the author write this passage
How does he / she convey his / her purpose
Suggested Answers
Dune is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. It won the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. It _____________________ (通常被认为是) one of the best sci-fi novels ever. As the novel opens, each planet _____________ (正受统治) by a Great House. An emperor has control of a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” ____________ (可被开采). This “spice” ______________________ (想要得到) by every planet because it gives people amazing abilities. As the emperor fears that he ________________ (会被挑战) by Leto, the ruler of the Atreides House, he plots a war between Atreides and another house. In the end, Paul, Leto’s son, defeats all enemies with the help of a planet called Fremen.
It __________ (被认为) that Dune reflects our own world. Like the Houses fighting for “spice”, humans also fight for energy and resources. Conflicts and problems of this kind must __________ (得到解决) if we are to have a prosperous and harmonious civilisation.
Complete the following passage using the Chinese prompts in brackets to help you.
is usually considered as
is being ruled
can be mined
has been wanted / coveted
will be challenged
is thought
be solved
Workbook
Discuss the following questions.
After reading the two introductions, do you want to read the book Why or why not
What are the good qualities represented in these introductions
List some environmental problems and their causes. Then write down solutions to each problem.
Workbook
EXAMPLE
Many animals and plants are endangered due to loss of habitat. To solve the problem, some measures must be taken to protect them. Cutting down trees without permission should not be allowed. Forests should be well looked after ...
Words and Expressions
They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, ... (P4)
他们认为，如果人工智能能够为我们处理像计算和驾驶之类的任务，……。
calculate /'k lkjule t/ vt. 计算；核算；预测
搭配
calculate the total cost of the trip 算出旅行的全部费用
calculate the result 算出结果
calculate that ... 算出……
be calculated to do sth. 打算/计划做某事
It has been calculated that ... 据估算……
例句
Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.
母亲对孩子的爱几乎无法计算。
A 3,000-seat venue was built / will be built for the circus performance in November.
(P5)
一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成／将在十一月建成。
venue / venju / n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）
搭配
an outdoor venue 户外场地 a virtual venue 虚拟会场
place the venue 指定地点 lay the venue 指定地点
例句
Address any query about the venue to the conference organizer.
向会议组织者提出任何有关集会地点的询问。
We have to book another venue for the meeting.
我们不得不重新预订一个会议场馆。
Summarize the usage of passive voice.
Write an introduction to a science fiction novel you have read. Pay attention to use passive voice.
Homework
BY YUSHEN
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Learning About Language
人教版（2019）选择性必修四
Build up your vocabulary
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. grasp the meaning and usage of some key words in specific contexts;
2. memorize and distinguish some words related to money;
3. use the correct forms of the words to complete an exercise about AI
development;
4. discuss your opinion on AI development with your partner.
Review
Complete the conversation using the words from the story we have learnt.
A: Personally, I think Tony is really a b_____. I’d love a robot like Tony living at my house.
B: You did Tony was just a machine. Yes, maybe Claire fell in love with him because of his
i________ and d______, but I don’t believe robots can feel emotions of any kind. That’s the
difference between them and us.
A: Well, I disagree. I think Tony loved Claire. Remember how he helped her when he knew what the
rude s__________ did to her and when she fell off the ladder.
B: Yes, but that was just part of Tony’s role. The Three Laws! He could not allow a human being to be
hurt physically or emotionally. So he watched her when she working on the s________ light, or
d_______ that he didn’t want to leave her. That was how he was made!
A: Yes, such a shame really! I suppose that was the company’s greatest mistake. They made the robot
look so much like a real man, so it caused confusing emotions like g____ or love towards it. If
these robots come to the market, I think only people with big s______ can afford one.
onus
ntegrity
ignity
aleswoman
uspended
eclared
uilt
alary
Practice
Replace the underlined parts with words of similar meanings from the text. Rewrite the sentences if necessary.
1. We believe he is a man of absolute honesty, and trust his words completely.
2. Henry told me that he was in a hurry as he had arranged to see the dentist at 10:00 a.m.
3. Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s self-respect into pieces. We should be aware
of this and not spread unkind news around.
4. Because of the holiday, the students were allowed to go home early.
5. Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
integrity
had an appointment with
dignity
were dismissed
not guilty
Tony always treated Claire with dignity, and she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity. Therefore, she began to trust him. For me, those who are honest and sincere are more likely to win my trust.
Obviously, Claire was innocent of cheating on her husband, yet she did follow all Tony’s instructions and tend to rely on him emotionally, which showed that her attitude and feelings changed greatly. I believe that’s why she felt guilty somehow.
Use words we have learned to answer the following questions.
Why did Claire begin to trust Tony What do you think is the most important factor that helps us to earn people’s trust
Why do you think though it was completely innocent, Claire still felt guilty when she was discovered by Gladys
Suggested Answers
Match each word with the proper definition below.
1 income 2 fee 3 fare 4 payment 5 salary 6 bonus 7 saving 8 wage
( ) money that someone is paid regularly, usually monthly, by the organisation he or she is
working for
( ) money given for work done, goods received, etc.
( ) money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis
( ) extra amount of money added to somebody’s wages as a reward for hard work or good
performance
( ) money received from work, investments and so on
( ) money paid to a professional person or organisation for advice or services
( ) money paid for a journey on public transport, such as the bus, train, or taxi
( ) money saved for a special purpose
5
4
8
6
1
2
3
7
Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.
income fee fare payment salary bonus saving wage
1. Tourism is critical to the area, for it is a major source of _______.
2. According to the latest policy, children and senior citizens travel at half ____.
3. Working at the coal mine, he received his ______ on Fridays.
4. At the end of year, you are to receive a Christmas ______ ranging from $50 to
$100.
5. School _____ are high in England.
6. He is at present on a ______ of $20,000 a year.
7. He kept his _______ in a bank.
8. Bob are finding it difficult to meet the _________ on his car.
income
fare
wage
bonus
fees
salary
savings
payments
Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
fascinating test out dismiss science fiction more like dignity intelligent
It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and ____________ in the future. For example, robots first appeared in sci-fi novels, but now robot soldiers have already been __________ in war. Robot experts have also built robots that can see, talk, and do other things like humans. Although a robot that looks __________ a human than a machine could make many people a bit uncomfortable, we have to admit that it is a __________ possibility. Sophia, currently said to be the most advanced AI robot in the world, is a great example. She has been interviewed many times, appeared on the covers of magazines, and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything. So have we lost the __________ of being the most intelligent creature Maybe in the future, as AI becomes even more __________, it will become a major threat to humans. However, some people ________ this fear. They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”.
science fiction
tested out
more like
fascinating
dignity
intelligent
dismiss
Read this passage, think about the following questions, then in pairs share your opinion on AI development.
How do people feel about AI robots looking more like a human than a machine
What are people’s attitudes towards more and more intelligent robots
Do you agree that Sophia should be given citizenship Why or why not
Review useful structures
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. review the usage of passive voice;
2. know how to use the passive voice in specific contexts and understand
its meaning;
3. analyze the content and language style of introductions about science
fiction novels.
Lead-in
Review passive voice.
What’s the form of passive voice
Tenses Forms
the simple present tense
the simple past tense
the simple future tense
the past future tense
the present continuous tense
the past continuous tense
the present perfect tense
the past perfect tense
the future perfect tense
including modal verb
助动词be +及物动词的过去分词
am / is / are + done
was / were + done
shall / will be + done
would be + done
am / is / are being + done
was / were being + done
have / has been + done
had been + done
will have been + done
modal verb be + done
Practice
Scan the reading text and find the sentences with the verbs in the passive voice. Then rewrite the sentences in the active voice.
Claire was going to test out the household robot.
The robot wouldn’t allow anybody to harm her.
A robot was looking after her.
Someone didn’t allow the robot to accompany her to the shops.
The saleswoman was treating her badly.
How awful Gladys discovered that she and Tony were in a relationship.
The robot was transforming the house completely.
A robot was offering sympathy for her.
Identify the passive voice of predicate and non-predicate.
the passive voice of predicate
the passive voice of non-predicate
to be tested out
to be harmed
was being looked after
was not allowed
was being treated
to be discovered
was being transformed
be being done
be done
to be done
was being offered
The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. It is used when we don’t know the performer, or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted), or the performer is to be highlighted (and therefore placed toward the end).
Discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
Suggested Answer
Make sentences with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the voices of the verbs.
EXAMPLE
I can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)
→ It must have been stolen.
1. I didn’t go to the party last night. (invite)
→ I
2. Li Fei’s parents sent him to stay with his grandparents because they had to work in a big city far away. (bring
up, grandparents)
→ Li Fei
3. That guy has been walking behind us for a while. (we, follow)
→ I think
4. My mother always tells me what I should do. (don’t like, tell)
→ I
5. We can’t work in the office next month. (redecorate)
→ Our office
must not have been invited.
was brought up by his grandparents because his parents had to work in a big city far away.
we are being followed by that guy for a while.
don’t like being told what to do by my mother.
will be redecorated next month so we can’t work.
Workbook
被动语态
1. 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的
变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时的变化规则一样。
2. 用法：通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：
（1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。
My window was broken yesterday. 昨天我的窗户被打破了。
The audience are asked to keep silent. 观众被要求保持安静。
（2）强调动作的承受者。
The store is run by the trade union. 这家店由工会管理。
The first prize was won by Henry. 一等奖被亨利获得。
（3）出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者。
He has been warned of this twice. 关于此事，他已经被警告两次了。
The plan was generally considered not practical. 那项计划被普遍认为不切实际。
被动语态
3. 注意的问题：
（1）不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，这类动词（短语）常见的有happen, last, rise,
occur, break out, take place, come true等。感官动词或表示情况变化的动词也不能用于
被动语态，这类动词常见的有look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, remain, stay,
continue, become, grow, get, come, go等。
The war broke out in 1941. 战争于1941年爆发。
（2）在主动语态中，动词see, hear, make, watch, notice等后面作宾语补足语的不定式不
带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
They made him go there alone. → He was made to go there alone.
（3）带介词或副词的动词短语（如look after, put on, pay attention to等）变为被动语态时，
它们原来所带的介词或副词须保留。
She often looks after the old. → The old are often looked after by her.
被动语态
（4）接双宾语的动词变为被动语态
主动语态：动词+间接宾语（通常指人）+直接宾语（通常指事物）
被动语态：间接宾语变为被动句主语，直接宾语保留；直接宾语变为被动句主语，间接宾
语前面加介词to或for
He gave her some beautiful flowers.
→ She was given some beautiful flowers. (间接宾语变主语)
→ Some beautiful flowers were given to her. (直接宾语变主语)
（5）某些动词通常不使用被动语态，在形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。适用于这
种情况的动词主要有sell, wash, write, drive, eat, shut等。这时主语一般是指物的
名词，这些动词往往指事物的特征，且常用well, badly, easily等副词来修饰。
Books of this kind sell well. 这种书很畅销。
This sweater washes well. 这件毛衣很耐洗。
被动语态
（6）get型被动句
构成被动语态有时还可以用get。
Be careful when you cross the road, or you may get hit by a car.
过马路时要小心，否则你可能会被汽车撞到。
（7）有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say, expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know
等，其被动语态可以有两种变法。
People say that he is an agricultural scientist.
→ It is said that he is an agricultural scientist.
→ He is said to be an agricultural scientist.
We expect that our team will win the game.
→ It is expected that our team will win the game.
→ Our team is expected to win the game.
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. What is done cannot __________. (undo)
2. Janet __________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3. Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
4. A 3,000-seat venue _____________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5. Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7. It is a great honour for me to __________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary _________________ at the meeting.
(discuss)
9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of
650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to ___________ to a top university. (admit)
be undone
was elected
be added
was built / will be built
has been improved
is allowed
be invited
was being discussed
be admitted
Translate these sentences into Chinese.
1. 木已成舟。
2. 珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
3. 蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
4. 一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成／将在十一月建成。
5. 自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。
6. 经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
7. 我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。
8. 我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
9. 使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分
650）。他有望被一所名校录取。
Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.
prohibit expect set to make sure fasten make stow switch off
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and ________ to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must _________ “flight mode” or ___________ until an announcement ________ upon arrival. Smoking ____________ throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!
...
Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please _________ your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position. Make sure your seat belts ___________ (securely) and all carry-on luggage ________ underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!
expected
be set to
switched off
is made
is prohibited
make sure
are fastened
is stowed
Workbook
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ____________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye __________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao ______________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories _________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ____________ when you go on reading.
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect
is regarded
explored / represented
written
was translated
represents
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
be discovered
Production
The passage is a book introduction to the sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem, written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin. With The Three-Body Problem, the writer intends to tell us how our future can be freely imagined and represented in science fiction.
The first paragraph tells about the book’s writer and translator and introduces its influence and achievement. The second paragraph contains a very brief summary of the book’s beginning, which is aimed to arouse readers’ curiosity.
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel again and think about the following questions.
What’s the main idea of this introduction Why does the author write this passage
How does he / she convey his / her purpose
Suggested Answers
Dune is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. It won the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. It _____________________ (通常被认为是) one of the best sci-fi novels ever. As the novel opens, each planet _____________ (正受统治) by a Great House. An emperor has control of a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” ____________ (可被开采). This “spice” ______________________ (想要得到) by every planet because it gives people amazing abilities. As the emperor fears that he ________________ (会被挑战) by Leto, the ruler of the Atreides House, he plots a war between Atreides and another house. In the end, Paul, Leto’s son, defeats all enemies with the help of a planet called Fremen.
It __________ (被认为) that Dune reflects our own world. Like the Houses fighting for “spice”, humans also fight for energy and resources. Conflicts and problems of this kind must __________ (得到解决) if we are to have a prosperous and harmonious civilisation.
Complete the following passage using the Chinese prompts in brackets to help you.
is usually considered as
is being ruled
can be mined
has been wanted / coveted
will be challenged
is thought
be solved
Workbook
Discuss the following questions.
After reading the two introductions, do you want to read the book Why or why not
What are the good qualities represented in these introductions
List some environmental problems and their causes. Then write down solutions to each problem.
Workbook
EXAMPLE
Many animals and plants are endangered due to loss of habitat. To solve the problem, some measures must be taken to protect them. Cutting down trees without permission should not be allowed. Forests should be well looked after ...
Words and Expressions
They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, ... (P4)
他们认为，如果人工智能能够为我们处理像计算和驾驶之类的任务，……。
calculate /'k lkjule t/ vt. 计算；核算；预测
搭配
calculate the total cost of the trip 算出旅行的全部费用
calculate the result 算出结果
calculate that ... 算出……
be calculated to do sth. 打算/计划做某事
It has been calculated that ... 据估算……
例句
Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.
母亲对孩子的爱几乎无法计算。
A 3,000-seat venue was built / will be built for the circus performance in November.
(P5)
一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成／将在十一月建成。
venue / venju / n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）
搭配
an outdoor venue 户外场地 a virtual venue 虚拟会场
place the venue 指定地点 lay the venue 指定地点
例句
Address any query about the venue to the conference organizer.
向会议组织者提出任何有关集会地点的询问。
We have to book another venue for the meeting.
我们不得不重新预订一个会议场馆。
Summarize the usage of passive voice.
Write an introduction to a science fiction novel you have read. Pay attention to use passive voice.
Homework